STUDY ON ANNUAL REPORT

OF

TATA MOTORS L.T.D

PROJECT REPORT

Submitted to

International Management Institute, Bhubaneswar

BY

Ram Sandipam Adhikary

i
 Contents

i. Undertaking of Originality by the Student

ii. Certificate by the Supervisor
iii. Acknowledgement
iv. Preface
1. Introduction
2. Company profile
3. PEST Analysis & Ratio Analysis
4. B/S & P&L
5. International Market & Clauses.
6. GDP & Business Overview
7. Contribution & Social Responsibilities
8. Suggestions
9. SWOT Analysis
10.Conclusion
INTRODUCTION:
 Project Title
 Objectives Of Project
 Methodology
 Background
 Advantages & Limitations
INTRODUCTION:

To study the progress is very important. Through this study, organization can recognize its
strengths and weaknesses, so that they can be properly analyzed. Profitability analysis
helps to the organization to identify whether investment is sufficient or not, management
is capable or not, organization has efficient workers or not. Finally, organization can
identify its progress, profits and growth. Profit is important for any business. For surviving,
growth, expansion and diversification it is necessary. Profit is import ant to satisfy the
investors, to repay the debt or loans, to pay wages and salaries to staff and other day -to-
day expenses. Profit is the most useful measure of overall efficiency of a business. This
study aims at analyzing the overall financial study of the Tata Motors by using various
financial tools. The study is based on the accounting information of Tata Motors. This study
covers a period of 2011 to 2015, for analyzing the financial statements such as income
statements and balance sheet. The data of the past five years are taken into account for
the study. The performance is compared with in those periods.

FINANCIAL ANALYSIS OF TATA MOTORS

ABOUT TATA MOTORS:

Tata Motors have quite the history under their belt, starting with the company's foundation in 1945 as a
locomotive producer. Tata Motors is just one part of the business group Tata. The other ventures of Tata Group
include Tata Steel, Tata Consultancy Services, Tata Technologies, Tata Tea, Titan Industries, Tata Power, Taj
Hotels, and so on.

Headquartered in Mumbai, India, Tata Motors is a multinationalcorporation amounting for 70% cumulative
market share in the domestic commercial vehicle segment Today, the company is the world's second largest
manufacturer of commercial vehicles, world' s four. Largest truck manufacturer and world's second largestbus
manufacturer. It is a dual-listed company, which is traded on both the Bombay Stock exchange as well as the
New York Stock Exchange.

Tata got into the motoring business in 1954when it starting producing heavy trucks. in a joint venture with
Daimler-Benz AG. So in 1960. The first truck rolled out of the factory's door in Pune, India, a copy of a German
Daimler truck.

THE SIGNIFICANT RECENT EVENTS:

In the early 1990s, the company began its expansion into the car market first passenger vehicle was Tata Sierra,
a multi utilityvehicle that was launched in 1991. Tata came up with three other automobiles, namely, Tata
Estate in 1992 (a station wagon based on the earlier 'Tata Mobile' in 1989), Tata Sumo in 1994 (LCV) and Tata
Safari in 1998 (India's first SUV). After thoroughlyan analyzing the demand of the consumers, the chairman of
Tata Group at that time Mr. Ratan Tata, decided to build a small car, which was practically a new venture. Thus,
in 1998, India's first fullyindigenouspassenger car, Tata Indica was launched. Their first car was the Tata Indica a
model that enjoyed an unexpected success both. In India and Europe (UK and Italy). The Indica won people
over with its low fuel consumption and powerfuI engine. Also it was inexpensive and relatively easy to build
maintain. The second generation of Indica, V2 was even more successful It was so successful that Rover began
selling it in the UK under the name of CityRover.

indica’s high success gave Tata Motors the financial power to take over Daewoo Motors in 2004. This gave the
company an opportunity to give their brand international exposure. Today, Daewoo's trucks are sold as Tata
Daewoo Commercial Vehicle in South Korea. In 2005, the company acquired 21% share in Hispano Carrocera
SA, earning the controlling rights o f the company. In January 2008, the global automobile sector showcased
the world's cheapest car in the form of Tata Nano. Launched by Tata Motors, the car cost only . RS 1 00,000 .

Other surprising acquisitions by the Tata Group include jaguar and Land Rover as of March 26,2008 for a net $2
billion US dollars. Lately, Tata has made known its aggressiveness when it comes to gaining exposure and
acquiring new brands. Tata Motors acquired the jaguar Land Rover (JLR) business from the Ford Motor
Company, which included the Daimler and Lanchester brands.

Tata Motors formed 51:49 jointventure with Marco polo of Brazil and came up with manufacturing and
assembling fully-builtbuses and coaches targeting the developing massrapid transportation systems. Tata and
Marcopolo jointly have launched low-floor city buses that are widely used by Delhi, Mumbai, Lucknow and
Bangalore transport corporations. Tata Motors has been continuously acquiring foreign brands to increase its
global presence The Company operates in the UK South Korea, Thailand and Spain. Today, Tata Motors has its
auto manufacturing and assembly plantsin Jamshedpur, Pantnagar, Lucknow, Ahmedabad and Pune in India,
and in Argentina, South Africa, South Korea and Thailand. It is further planning to set up more plan. In Turkey,
Indonesia and Eastern Europe.

Tata Motors' financial power comes from the fact that its labor costs amount to only9% of the profit, a reason
for which many other car producers, including Volvo decided to move operations to India. Another important
factor in Tata's success is the fact that the group holds several machine tools and metal producing plan, Further
reducing production costs.
OBJECTIVES OF THE PROJECT:

 To analyze the financial statement of TATA Motors Ltd. from the Year 2011 to 2016.

 To interpret the analysis and the trend of the financial results.

 To use various activity ratios and liquidity ratios to find out the activity of assets and
liabilities and to find out the liquidity position of the company.

 Standardize financial informationfor comparisons.

 Evaluate current operations.

 Compare performance with past performance.

 Compare performance against other firms or industry standards.

 Study the efficiency of operations.

 Study the risk of operations.

 To know about Liquidity Position.

 To Know about Operating Efficiency.

 To know about Over-All Profitability.

 To Know About Inter Firm Comparison.

METHODOLOGY

So here are various methods or techniques that are used in analyzing financial statements, such as comparative
statement, schedule of changes in working capital, common size percentages, funds analysis, trend analysis,
and ratios analysis. Following are the most important tools and techniques of financial statement analysis.

Horizontal and Vertical Analysis

Horizontal Analysis:

Comparison of two or more year’s financial data is known as horizontal analysisor trend analysis. Horizontalis
facilitated by showing changes between years in both dollar and percentage form.

Vertical Analysis:

Vertical analysis is the procedure of preparing and presenting common size statements, Commonsize
statements is one that shows the items appearing on it in percentage form us well as in dollar form. Each item
is stated as a percentage of some total of which that item is an apart. Key financial changes and trends can be
highlighted by the use of common size statements.

Ratio Analysis:

The ratios analysis is the most powerful toolof financial statement analysis. Ratios simplymean one number
expressed in terms of another ratio is a statistical yardstick by means of which relationshipbetween two or
various figures can be compared or measured. Ratios can be found out by dividing one number by another
number. Ratios show how one number is related to another.

Financial Analysis:

Financial ratio analysis involves calculating certain standardized relationship between figures appearing in the
financial statements and then using those relationshipscalled ratios to analyze the business'financial position
and financial performance.

Due to varying size of businesses different comparison of two businesses is not possible. Certain techniques
have to be applied in simplifying the financial statementsand making them comparable. These induce financial
ratio analysis and common-size financial statements. Ratiosare divided into different categories such as
liquidity ratios, profitabilityratios, etc.
BACKGROUND:

Definition of Financial Statement Analysis

Financial statement analysisis defined as the process of identifying financial strengthsand weaknesses of the
firm by properly establishing relationship between the items of the balance sheet and the profit and loss
account

Financial statements, which are a accounting reports, serve as the principal method of communicating financial
information about a business entityOr an individual to outside parties suchas banks and investors. In a
technical sense, financial statements summary. The accounting process and provide a tabulationo f account
titles and amounts of money. Furthermore, financial statements reportthe financial position or financial status
of a business or individual as well as financial changes at a particular time or during a period

General purpose financial statements are designed to meet the needs of many diverse users, particularly
present and potential owners, shareholders and creditors. Financial statements result from simplifying,
condensing, and aggregating masses of data obtained primarily from the financial system. They are an output
of the accounting system. Companies release financial statements at least once a year for their accounting
period. Companies either follow the calendar-year accounting periods (January 1 through December 31), or
they follow their own fiscal year, which can be any complete 12-month period.

Purpose of Financial Statement Analysis

Financial statements are prepared to meet external reporting obligations and also for decision making
purposes. They play dominant role in setting the framework of managerial decisions. But the information
provided in the financial statements is not an end in itself as no meaningful conclusions can be drawn from this
statement alone. However, the information provided in the financial statementsis of immense use in making
decisions through analysisand interpretation of financial statements.

Few numbers appearing on financial statements may not have much significance standing by themselves. It is
the relationship of one figure to another and the amount and direction of change overtime that are important
in financial statement analysis. How does the analyst key in on significantrelationship, How does the analyst dig
out the important trends and changes in company? Three analytical Techniques are widely used; Dollar and
percentage changes on statement, common size statements, and financial ratios and formulas.
Advantages of Financial Statement Analysis:

The different advantages of financial statement analysis are listed below.

• The most important benefit if financial statementanalysis is thatit provides an idea to the investors about
deciding on investing their funds in a specific company.

• Merits of financial ratio analysis is Another advantage of financial statement analysisis that regulatory
authorities can ensure the company following the required accounting standards or not .

•Financial statement analysis is helpful to the governmentagencies in analyzing the taxation owed to the firm.

• Financial statements analysis can help the government agencies to analyze the taxation due to the company.

• Above all, company can analyze its own performance over the period through financial statements analysis.
Through financial statement analysis youcan determine and identify financial strengths, weaknesses and
relationships that exist in a company.

• Comparing the financial statement analysisnumbers over time to spot trends and changes that Affect
company business.

Limitations of Financial Statement Analysis:

Although financial statement analysis ishighly useful tool, it has two limitations. These two limitations involve
the comparability of financial data between companies and the need to look beyond ratios.

1. Different companies operate in different industries each having different environmental conditions such as
regulation, market structure, etc such factors are so significant thata comparison of two companies from
different industries might be misleading.

2. Financial accounting information is affected by estimates and assumptions. Accounting standardsall owe
different accounting policies, which impairs comparabilityand hence ratio analysis is less useful in such
situations.

3. Ratio Analysis explains relationships between past information while users are more concerned about
current future information.

4. Ratio Analysis Is hampered by potential limitationswith accountingand the data in the financial statements
themselves. This can include errors as well as accounting mismanagement, which involves distorting the raw
data used to derive financial ratios.
5. Proponents of the stronger of the efficient-market hypothesis, technical analyst, and behavioral economist
argue the fundamental analysis is limited us a stock valuation tool, all for there on distinct reasons.

6. Ratio analysis can also omit importantaspects of a firm’s success, such as key intangible, like brand,
relationships, skills and culture.
COMPANY PROFILE:
 The Indian Automobile Industry.
 Tata Group.
 Tata Motors.
 Policies of Tata Motors.
HISTORY OF INDIAN AUTOMOBILE INDUSTRY

Indian market before independence was seen as a market for imported vehicles while
assembling of cars manufactured by General Motors and other brands was the order of the
day. Indian automobile industry mainly focused on servicing, dealership, financing and
maintenance of vehicles. Later only after a decade from independence manufacturing
started. India's Transportation requirements were met by Indian Railways playing an
important role till the 1950's. Since independence the Indian automobile industry faced
several challenges and road blocks like manufacturing capability was restricted by the rule
of license and could not be increased but still it lead to growth and success it has achieved
today.

The Indian Automobile industry includes two-wheelers, trucks, cars, buses and three-
wheelers which play a crucial role in growth of the Indian economy. India has emerged as
Asia's fourth largest exporter of automobiles, behind Japan, South Korea and Thailand. The
country is expected to top the world in car volumes with approximately 611 million vehicles
on the nation's roads by 2050.The Economic progress of this industry is indicated by the
amount of goods and services produced which give the capacity for transportation and
boost the sale of vehicles. There is a huge increase in automobile production with a catalyst
effect by indirectly increasing the demand for a number of raw materials like steel, ru bber,
plastics, glass, paint, electronics and service.

1. The second largest Two Wheeler manufacturer.

2. The Largest Tractor Manufacturer.

3. 4th largest Passenger Vehicle market in Asia.

4. 5th largest Commercial Vehicle manufacturer in the world.

5. The largest three wheeler market.

6. India has the fourth largest car market in the world

THE INDIAN AUTOMOBILE SECTOR

Although India is the fifth largest automobile manufacturer in the world, penetration level in the country is very
low, especially in the case of passenger cars. This opens a huge opportunity for the automobile companies to
explore the Indian market. Changing demography also adds to the increasing demand for the vehicles. The
Indian automobile industry has also made a substantial effort in developing the R & D infrastructure. This has
helped in upgrading the technology and at the same time, reduced production cost. This provides good export
opportunities for Indian manufacturers, which are being duly exploited by Tata motors, Ashok Leyland, Maruti
in the African, and South American markets. The fast growth of this industry is evident by the spurtin
demand for automobiles in the last few years.

This is well supported by the economic reforms that have been put in place, particularly in the financial
sector and in foreign direct investment. During the last decade, conscious efforts have been
made to fine-tune state policy to enable the Indian automobile industry to realize its
potential to the fullest. Abolition of licensing and removal of quantitative restrictionscoupled within
iterative to bring the policy framework in step with WTO requirements have set the industry
on a progressive path.

The freeing of the industry from thisrestrictive environment has helped it to restructure, absorb
new technologies and align itself to global development. Increasing competition as a result of
liberalization has led to continuous modernization as well as substantial price reduction keeping
pace with the international standards. Moreover, auto finance with aggressive marketing
strategies has played a big role in boosting the automobile demand.
SEGMENT WISE MARKET SHARE IN 2015-16

Three wheeler Sales

4%
Commercial vehicle
4%

Passenger vehicle
16%

Two wheeler
76%

Domestic & Export Share

 Passenger Car -- 25468121478

 Multi Utility Vehicles -- 26543892
 Commercial Vehicles – 1010819931
 Two Wheelers -- 100002256765
 Three Wheelers -- 2113851535
 Percentage Growth -- 16.632.8
TOP & MAJOR MANUFACTURERS IN AUTOMOBILES INDUSTRY

 TATA Motors Ltd.

 Maruti Udyog Ltd.
 General Motors India.
 Force Motors.
 Ford India.
 Ashok Leyland.
 Bajaj Auto.
 Hero MotoCorp.
 Honda Motors.
 Hindustan Motors.
 Hyundai Motor India Ltd.
 Royal Enfield.
 TVS Motors.
 Swaraj Mazda Ltd.
 Eicher Motors.
 Mahindra & Mahindra.
Market Size
The sales of PVs, CVs and 2Ws grew by 9.17 per cent, 3.03 per cent and 8.29 per cent
respectively, during the period April-January 2017.

Investments
In order to keep up with the growing demand, several auto makers have started investing
heavily in various segments of the industry during the last few months. The industry has
attracted Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) worth US$ 15.79 billion during the period April
2000 to September 2016, according to data released by Department of Industrial Policy and
Promotion (DIPP).
Some of the major investments and developments in the automobile sector in India are as
follows:

 Electric car maker Tesla Inc. is likely to introduce its products in India sometime in
the summer of 2017.
 South Korea’s Kia Motors Corp is close to finalising a site for its first factory in India,
slated to attract US$1 billion (Rs 6,700 crore) of investment. It is deciding between
Andhra Pradesh and Maharashtra. The target for operationalising the factory is the
end of 2018 or early 2019.
 Several automobile manufacturers, from global majors such as Audi to Indian
companies such as Maruti Suzuki and Mahindra & Mahindra, are exploring the
possibilities of introducing driverless self-driven cars for India.
 BMW plans to manufacture a local version of below-500 CC motorcycle, the G310R,
in TVS Motor’s Hosur plant in Tamil Nadu, for Indian markets.
 Honda Motorcycle and Scooter India (HMSI) has inaugurated its 900th Honda
Authorised Exclusive Dealership in India, thereby taking its total dealership network
to 4,800 across the country and further plans to increase its network to 5,300 by end
of 2016-17.
 Hero MotoCorp Ltd seeks to enhance its participation in the Indian electric vehicle
(EV) space by pursuing its internal EV Programme in addition to investing Rs 205
crore (US$ 30.75 million) to acquire around 26-30 per cent stake in Bengaluru-based
technology start-up Ather Energy Pvt Ltd.
 JustRide, a self-drive car rental firm, has raised US$ 3 million in a bridge round of
funding led by a group of global investors and a trio of Y Combinator partners, which
will be utilised to amplify JustRide’s car sharing platform JustConnect and Yabber, an
 internet of things (IoT) device for cars that is based on the company’s smart vehicle
technology (SVT).
 Ford Motor Co. plans to invest Rs 1,300 crore (US$ 195 million) to build a global
technology and business centre in Chennai, which will be designed as a hub for
product development, mobility solutions and business services for India and other
markets.
 Cummins has plans to make India an export hub for the world, by investing in top
components and technologies in India.
 Suzuki Motor Corporation, the Japan-based automobile manufacturer, plans to
invest Rs 2,600 crore (US$ 390 million) for setting up its second assembly plant i n
India and an engine and transmission unit in Mehsana, Gujarat.
 Mr Masayoshi Son, Chief Executive Officer, SoftBank Group, has stated that Ola Cabs
may introduce a fleet of one million electric cars in partnership with an electric
vehicle maker and the Government of India, which could help reduce pollution and
thereby transform the electric mobility sector in the country.
 China’s biggest automobile manufacturer, SAIC Motor, plans to invest US$ 1 billion
in India by 2018, and is exploring possibilities to set up manufacturing unit in one of
three states – Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu.
 Suzuki Motorcycle India Pvt Ltd has started exports of made-in-India flagship bike
Gixxer to its home country of Japan, which will be in addition to current exports to
countries in Latin America and surrounding countries.
 General Motors plans to invest US$ 1 billion in India by 2020, mainly to increase the
capacity at the Talegaon plant in Maharashtra from 130,000 units a year to 220,000
by 2025.
Government Initiatives
The Government of India encourages foreign investment in the automobile sector and
allows 100 per cent FDI under the automatic route.
Some of the major initiatives taken by the Government of India are:

 The Government of India plans to introduce a new Green Urban Transport Scheme
with a central assistance of about Rs 25,000 crore (US$ 3.75 billion), aimed at
boosting the growth of urban transport along low carbon path for substantial
reduction in pollution, and providing a framework for funding urban mobility
projects at National, State and City level with minimum recourse to budgetary
support by encouraging innovative financing of projects.
 Government of India aims to make automobiles manufacturing the main driver of
‘Make in India’ initiative, as it expects passenger vehicles market to triple to 9.4
million units by 2026, as highlighted in the Auto Mission Plan (AMP) 2016 -26.
 The Government plans to promote eco-friendly cars in the country i.e. CNG based
vehicle, hybrid vehicle, and electric vehicle and also made mandatory of 5 per cent
ethanol blending in petrol.
 The government has formulated a Scheme for Faster Adoption and Manufacturing of
Electric and Hybrid Vehicles in India, under the National Electric Mobility Mission
2020 to encourage the progressive induction of reliable, affordable and efficient
electric and hybrid vehicles in the country.

Road Ahead
India’s automotive industry is one of the most competitive in the world. It does not cover
100 per cent of technology or components required to make a car but it is giving a good 97
per cent, as highlighted by Mr Vicent Cobee, Corporate Vice-President, Nissan Motor’s
Datsun.

Leading auto maker Maruti Suzuki expects Indian passenger car market to reach four
million units by 2020, up from 1.97 million units in 2014-15.

Mr Young Key Koo, Managing Director, Hyundai Motor India Ltd, has stated that India is a
key market for the company, not only in terms of volumes but also as a hub of small
products for exports to 92 countries.
Mr Joachim Drees, Global CEO, MAN Trucks & Bus AG, has stated that India has the
potential to be among the top five markets, outside of Europe, by 2020 for the company,
which is reflected in the appointment of its most experienced managers to India for
increasing volumes and exports out of India.

The Indian automotive aftermarket is estimated to grow at around 10-15 per cent to reach
US$ 16.5 billion by 2021 from around US$ 7 billion in 2016. It has the potential to generate
up to US$ 300 billion in annual revenue by 2026, create 65 million additional jobs and
contribute over 12 per cent to India’s Gross Domestic Product#.

According to Mr Guillaume Sicard, president, Nissan India Operations, the income tax rate
cut from 10 per cent to 5 per cent for individual tax payers earning under Rs 5 lakh (US$
7,472) per annum will create a positive sentiment among likely first time buyers for entry
level and small cars.

Exchange Rate Used: INR 1 = US$ 0.015 as on February 9, 2017.

The automobile industry in India is expected to be the world's third largest by 2016, with
the country currently being the world's second largest two-wheeler manufacturer. Two-
wheeler production is projected to rise from 18.5 million in FY15 to 34 million by FY20.

Passenger vehicle market in India is expected to cross the three million unit milestone
during FY 2016-17, and further increase to 10 million units in FY 2019-20.

The government aims to develop India as a global manufacturing as well as a research and
development (R&D) hub. It has set up National Automotive Testing and R&D Infrastructure
Project (NATRiP) centres as well as a National Automotive Board to act as facilitator
between the government and the industry.

Alternative fuel has the potential to provide for the country's energy demand in the auto
sector as the CNG distribution network in India is expected to rise to 250 cities in 2018 from
125 cities in 2014. Also, the luxury car market could register high growth and is expected to
reach 150,000 units by 2020.
SHOWCASE:

Established in 1945, Tata Motors Limited is India's largest

automobile company with over 60,000 employees. It is guided by the mission "to be
passionate in anticipating and providing the best vehicles and experiences that excite
customers globally." The company is the leader in commercial vehicles in each segment in
India.

Maruti Suzuki Maruti Suzuki India Ltd (MSIL), commonly

referred to as Maruti and formerly known as Maruti Udyog Ltd, is an automobile
manufacturer in India. The company is engaged in the business of manufacture, purchase
and sale of motor vehicles, automobile components and spare parts (automobiles). At
present.

Founded in 1945 as a steel trading company, Mahindra and

Mahindra (M&M) entered automotive manufacturing in 1947 to bring the iconic Willys
Jeep to Indian roads. Over the years, the company diversified into many new businesses in
order to better meet the needs of the customers. With over 65 years of operations.
 Force Motors is a fully, vertically integrated automobile
company, with expertise in design, development and manufacture of the full spectrum of
automotive components, aggregates and vehicles. Its range includes small commercial
vehicles, multi-utility vehicles (MUV), light commercial vehicles (LCV), sports utility vehicles
(SUV) and agricultural

Ashok Leyland is the 2nd largest manufacturer of

commercial vehicles in India, the 4th largest manufacturer of buses in the world and the
16th largest manufacturer of trucks globally. With a turnover in excess of US$ 2.3 billion
(2012-13) and a footprint that extends across 50 countries, they are one of the most fully -
integrated manufacturing companies.

The Enfield Cycle Company made motorcycles, bicycles,

lawnmowers and stationary engines under the name Royal Enfield out of its works based at
Redditch, Worcestershire. The sse of the brand name Royal Enfield was licensed by the
Crown in 1890. Royal Enfield, the British brand under Indian ownership since 1949.
Eicher Motors Ltd (EML), incorporated in 1982, is the flagship company of the Eicher Group
in India and a leading player of the Indian automobile industry. Its 50 -50 joint venture with
the Volvo group, VE Commercial Vehicles Limited, designs, manufactures and markets
reliable, fuel-efficient commercial vehicles of high quality and modern technology.

The Escorts Group, is among India's leading engineering

conglomerates operating in the high growth sectors of agri-machinery, construction &
material handling equipment, railway equipment and auto components. H aving pioneered
farm mechanization in the country, Escorts has played a pivotal role in the agricultural
growth of India.

Bajaj Auto is a part of the Bajaj Group, which was founded

by Mr Jamnalal Bajaj in 1926. The Group's footprint stretches over a wide range of industries,
spanning automobiles (two-wheelers and three-wheelers), home appliances, lighting, iron and
steel, insurance, travel and finance.
TATA GROUP
 ORIGIN OF TATA MOTORS
TATA MOTORS, formerly known as TELCO (Tata Engineering & Locomotive Company) is a multinational
corporation head quartered in Mumbai, India. It is a largest automobile & commercial vehicle manufacturing
company. The OICA ranked it as the world 20th largest automaker, based on figures for 2006.

TATA MOTORS was established in the year 1945. It is a part of TATA GROUP. It presence indeed cuts across the
length and breadth of India. Over 3 million Tata vehicles run on Indian roads, since the first rolled
out in 1954.

Jamsetji Nusserwanji Tata starts a private trading firm, laying the foundation of the Tata Group.
The Tata Group comprises 96 operating companies in seven businesssectors:information systems and
communications;engineering; materials;services;energy; consumer products;and chemicals. The Group was
founded by Jamsetji Tata in the mid 19th century, a period when India had just set out on
the road to gaining independence from British rule. Consequently, Jamsetji Tata and those who followed him
aligned business opportunities with the objective of nation building. This approach remains enshrined in the
Group's ethos to this day.

The Tata family of companies shares a set of five core values: integrity, understanding,
excellence, unity and responsibility. These values, which have been part of the Group's beliefs
and convictions from its earliest days, continue to guide and drive the business decisions of Tata
companies. The Group and its enterprises have been steadfast and distinctive in their adherence to business
ethics and their commitment to corporate social responsibility.
TATA GROUP
 MISSION

 Vendors & Services providers: - To foster a long- term relationship for mutual growth.

 Employees: - To create seamless organization that inculcated and promotes innovation,

excellence, safe and high performance work culture adhering to Tata code of conduct.

 Shareholders: - To consistently create shareholder value through sustainable and Profitable growth by
continuously seeking new business opportunities and employingbest method and practices and
employing best in class technologies.

 Customers: - To provide best value for motet to customers throughquality, cost effective
& innovative transmissions solutions.

 Community: - To proactively participate in environmental protection & welfare of communities

around us.
 TATA MOTORS

Tata Motors Limited, a USD 42 billion organization, is a leading global automobile

manufacturer with a portfolio that covers a wide range of cars, sports vehicles, buses,
trucks and defense vehicles. Our marquee can be found on and off-road in over 175
countries around the globe.

1945TATA MOTORS Established

60,000Employee Strength

$42 Billion Company Turnover

>9 Million Vehicles Sold

>6,600Sales & Service Points

Tata Motors is part of the USD 100 billion Tata group founded by Jamsetji Tata in 1868.
Sustainability and the spirit of ‘giving back to society’ is a core philosophy and good corporate
citizenship is strongly embedded in our DNA. Tata Motors is India’s largest automobile company.
We bring to the customer a proven legacy of thought leadership with respect to customer-
centricity and technology. We are driving the transformation of the Indian commercial vehicle
landscape by offering customers leading edge auto technologies, packaged for power
performances and lowest life-cycle costs. Our new passenger cars are designed for superior
comfort, connectivity and performance. What keeps us at the forefront of the market is our focus
on future-readiness and our pipeline of tech-enabled products. Our design and R&D centers
located in India, the UK, Italy and Korea strive to innovate new products that achieve performances
that will fire the imagination of Gen Next customers. Across the globally dispersed organization
that we are today, there is one thing that energizes and drives all our people and our activities –
and that is our mission “to be passionate in anticipating and providing the best vehicles and
experiences that excite our customers globally''.
Policies of Tata Motors
Safety & Health Policies:
Environmental Policies:
Quality Control Policies:
PEST & RATIO ANALYSIS
 POLITICAL
 ECONOMIC
 SOCIAL
 TECHNOLOGICAL
 Analysis of Profitability
 Ratio Analysis
PEST ANALYSIS:

• PEST Analysis is a simple and widely used tool that helps you analyze the Political,
Economic, Socio-Cultural and Technological changes in your business environment.

• It is useful for four main reasons :

1. It helps you to spot business or personal opportunities, and it gives you advanced
warning of significant threats.

2. It reveals the direction of change within your business environment. This helps you
shape what you're doing, to that you work with change, rather than against it.

3. It helps you avoid starting projects that are likely to fail, for reasons beyond your control.

4. It can help you break free of unconscious assumptions when you enter a new country,
region, or market; because it helps you develop an objective view of this new environment.

POLITICAL FACTORS

Since Tata Motors operates in multiple countries across Europe, Africa, Asia, the Middle
East, and Australia, it needs to pay close attention on following political factors in different
regions:

1. Political Climate or Stability

2. Laws governing commerce, trade, growth, and investment

3. Labour Laws

4. Tax policy

5. Environmental Rules & Regulations

6. Pricing Regulations

7. Local Markets and Economies

ECONOMIC FACTORS

Operating in numerous countries across the world, Tata Motors functions with a global
economic perspective while focusing on each individual market. Because Tata is in a rapid
growth period, expanding or forming a joint venture in over five countries world-wide since
2004, a global approach enables Tata Motors to adapt and learn from the many different
regions within the whole automotive industry. Major economic factors are :

• Government taxes on manufacturers.

• Inflation Rate

• Population figures

• Buying capacity of people

• Prices of external resources (Ex: price of Steel will increase the price of vehicle)

• Level of economic activities

• Interest Rates

SOCIAL FACTORS

There are various socio-cultural factors which affect a company belonging to automotive
industry like TATA MOTORS in the market down to consumers. The factors are :

• Different segments of Population

• Cultural Differences • Social Responsibility

• Influence of Consumer Movement

• People concerns over the price, mileage, brand of the car, design and style, after sales
. service when purchasing a vehicle.

• Also, depends on what other people think about their vehicle

• Satisfaction of different age groups

• Space and Safety

• Focus on Corporate Customers.

TECHNOLOGICAL FACTORS

• Technological factors and innovations, Research & development plays a most important
role as they improve standards of driving.

• Fuel consumption is one of a major problem at the moment, hybrid engines has
developed to reduce fuel consumption.

• One of a major requirement of the customer is safety. Seat belts, air bags which protect
passengers at a collision, ABS brakes to stop the vehicle in short distance even in icy
surfaces.

• By investing for Research and development and innovating new technologies can gain
patented and boost sales.

• Technological development is support the driver to control the vehicle more comfortable
and easier. Ex: Auto gear, auto parking, Navigation system.
ANALYSIS OF PROFITABILITY

The present study has been made in order to analysis profitability through ratio of the
automobile of companies in India. The profitability ratios which have been discussed like:
(1) Gross profit ratio (2) Operating profit ratio (3) Return on net capital employed (4) Net
profit ratio (5) Return on total assets ratio (6) Return on net worth of the company under
study has been also made.

1. Gross profit is basically relative term as percent of net sales, which registered in
fluctuating trend during the period of study. An average gross profit ratio of Mahindra and
Mahindra Motors and Tata motors was high as compared to other selected companies.
These companies showed good profitability, whereas other three auto-mobile companies’
profitability condition was not good, this may affect the market reputation as well as
investors.

2. The null hypothesis of gross profit ratio (company wise as well as ear wise) is not
rejected. It can be concluded that there is no significant difference in Gross Profit Ratio
between considered automobile companies as well as between considered years.

3. Operating profit margin ratio is used to measure company's pricing strategy and
operating efficiency. This ratio is basically concerned with operating income and net sales.
Operating profit margin ratio showed a fluctuating trend during the period of study.
Operating profit margin ratio of all selected companies was less than 13%, whereas in the
Hind Motors, this ratio marked in negative. This situation indicates that company
management was not satisfactory. So, Hind motors did not have to make control over the
cost of goods sold and strategy of sales was not properly.

4. The alternative hypothesis is accepted in the case of operating profit margin ratio and
this is indicated that there is significant difference in operating ratio between considered
automobile companies. Whereas, the null hypothesis of operating profit margin ratio is not
rejected and this is indicated that there is no significant difference in operating r atio
between considered years.

5. The study shows that return on the capital employed in the selected automobile
company has marked fluctuating trend during all the years of study period. All the selected
companies have tried to maintain this ratio in range of 20% to 49%. This situation indicates
that the each company try to give minimum to shareholders.
6. From the table it can be said that, the null hypothesis of return on capital employed ratio
(company wise as well as year wise) is accepted means that there is no significant
difference in Return on capital Employed between considered automobile companies as
well as between considered years.

7. An average of Net profit ratio indicated that selected auto-mobile Companies except
Hind Motors were quite satisfactory. Hind Motors as marked in negative trend. Net profit
ratio was highest marked in Premier Motors that being an average of 16.98% and it was
followed by M & M.

8. The alternative hypothesis is accepted in the case of net profit ratio (companies -wise)
means that there is significant difference in net profit ratio between considered automobile
companies. While the null hypothesis is not rejected in the case of year wise net profit ratio
and it can be said that there is no significant difference in net profit ratio between
considered years.

9. The return on assets ratio highest marked in M & M Motors means efficient use of fund
or efficient management of funds. Whereas lowest marked in Hind Motors which means
that inefficient use of funds. For the Hind Motors this lead toward over-capitalization and
this situation is harmful. So, it’s advisable to use funds in efficient manner. Mahindra &
Mahindra Motors, 171 Premier Motors, Tata Motors and Force Motors have tried to
maintain an average 5% to 11% respectively. It means that these companies tried to get
minimum return through funds. Here, also above three companies should try to use funds
in efficient manner.
RATIO ANALYSIS

• Ratio analysis is quantitative analysis of information contained in a company's financial

statements.

• Ratio analysis is used to evaluate various aspects of a company's operating and financial
performance such as its efficiency, liquidity, profitability and solvency.

• Ratios are also compared across different companies in the same sector to s. how they
stack up, and to get an idea of comparative valuations.

• In our analysis, we will evaluate five aspects of the company and its competitors :

1.Operating Performance(EBT margin, Net Profit margin, Return on Assets, Return on

equity)

2. Activity Levels(Total Asset turnover)

3. Liquidity Position (Current Ratio)

4. Leverage (Debt to Equity)

5. Stock Valuation Multiples (Price to Earnings Ratio, Price to Sales Ratio.

EBT Margin

• Tata Motors Performance

FY -2012 FY -2013 FY -2014 FY -2015

2.46% 0.39% -2.99% -10.95%

• Competitors Performance in FY-2015

Tata Motors Ford GM Mahindra

-10.95% 3.69% 4.79% 7.86%

• EBT margin shows company's earnings before tax as a percentage of net sales (revenues).

• Tata Motors is performing poorly in current financial year as compared to previous years.
Negative EBIT margin indicates that the company isn't selling enough to cover its fixed
costs. It's only tolerable in a early stage growth company or a Startup.

• As compared to its competitors, it is at the bottom. Mahindra leading in the market

Net Profit Margin

• Tata Motors Performance

FY- 2012 FY- 2013 FY- 2014 FY-2015

2.28% 0.67% 0.97% -13.05%

• Competitors Performance in FY-2015

Tata Motors Ford GM Mahindra

-13.05% 2.97% 3.00% 7.74%

• The net profit margin takes all costs associated with the firm's continuing operations into
account, and so tells us how much it is able to keep as profit for each dollar of sales it
makes. Usually, higher is better.

• Tata Motors net profit margin has decreased drastically over the years. It has gone
negative in FY

•2015, which indicates cost of production exceeds net sales.

• However, in the market Mahindra is doing outstanding as compared to everyone.

Return on Assets (ROA)

• Tata Motors Performance

FY- 2012 FY- 2013 FY- 2014 FY-2015

4.05% 0.90% 0.99% -13.57%

• Competitors Performance in FY-2015

Tata Motors Ford GM Mahindra

-13.57% 1.73% 2.49% 5.67%

• The return on assets shows the percentage of how profitable a company's assets are in
generating revenue. This ratio tells us how much profit a company is able to generate for
each dollar of assets invested.

• Tata Motors' ROA is decreasing year by year and has fallen drastically in recent financial
year. Negative ROA shows that company is investing a high amount of capital into its
production while simultaneously receiving little income.

• Mahindra & Mahindra leading the market strongly, with a much better position.
Return on Equity (ROE)

• Tata Motors' Performance

FY- 2012 FY- 2013 FY- 2014 FY-2015

6.33% 1.57% 1.74% -31.93%

• Competitors' Performance in FY-2015

Tata Motors Ford GM Mahindra

-31.93% 13.92% 12.29% 21.57%

• Return on equity measures the rate of return for ownership interest of common stock
owners. It measures the efficiency of a firm at generating profits from each unit of
shareholder equity.

• High ROES can be caused by the firm taking on excessive leverage, which can prove
disastrous for the firm's shareholders in the long run. Hence, high ROE is not always better.

• Tata Motors recent financial year ROE shows that its shareholders are losing, instead to
gaining value. Investors may avoid placing their money in, but they may also overlook, as
the company is well- positioned for long-term growth.

• M&M high ROE might be clue to excessive leverage.

Total Assets Turnover

• Tata Motors' Performance

FY- 2012 FY- 2013 FY- 2014 FY-2015

1.99 1.48 1.12 1.16

• Competitors' Performance in FY-2015

Tata Motors Ford GM Mahindra

1.16 0.66 0.84 0.9

• The asset turnover ratio tells us how many dollars of sales a company is able to generate
for each dollar of assets.

• A high asset turnover is an indicator of good performance provided the company's assets
are not in a state of advanced depreciation.

• Tata Motors has a very good asset turnover ratio over its competitors.
Current Ratio

• Tata Motors' Performance

FY- 2012 FY- 2013 FY- 2014 FY-2015

0.50 0.42 0.43 0.42

• Competitors' Performance in FY-2015

Tata Motors Ford GM Mahindra

0.42 3.03 1.22 1.44

• The current ratio is a financial ratio that measures whether or not a firm has enough
resources to pay its debts over the next 12 months. It compares a firm's current assets to
its current liabilities.

• A current ratio of 2 or above is usually considered safe.

• Tata Motors is in a poor condition to pay back its debts, while Ford is in a very safe
situation as compared to its competitors.
Debt to Equity Ratio

• Tata Motors' Performance

FY- 2012 FY- 2013 FY- 2014 FY-2015

0.56 0.75 0.76 1.35

• Competitors' Performance in FY-2015

Tata Motors Ford GM Mahindra

1.35 4.18 1.11 1.09

• The debt-to-equity ratio (DIE) is a financial ratio indicating the relative proportion of
shareholders' equity and debt used to finance a company's assets.

• The most widely used measure of a company's leverage, debt to equity ratios greater
than 1 indicate the company may be overleveraged.

• Tata Motors having a DIE ratio greater than 1, indicates the company is stretching itself
financially. However, Ford as compared to its competitors is most overleveraged.
Price to Earnings Ratio (P/E)

• Tata Motors Performance

FY- 2012 FY- 2013 FY- 2014 FY-2015

339.17 1823.13 2739.68 -112.21

• Competitors Performance in FY-2015

Tata Motors Ford GM Mahindra

-112.21 14.88 11.12 22.01

• P/E tells us how many years a company will need to earn back what investors are
currently paying for the stock

• It is generally high for companies considered to have huge growth potential and low for
mature ('unexciting') companies.

• Tata Motors, being a very old company has reached a saturation stage in F, 2104 and not
able to make earnings, indicating a very low growth potential.

• Mahindra & Mahindra on the other hand, has been able to evolve continuously with the
market and shows a huge potential to grow in F, 2015.

• However, Tata Motors has done immensely great in previous years, due.
Price to Sales Ratio (P/S)

• Tata Motors' Performance

FY- 2012 FY- 2013 FY- 2014 FY-2015

7.74 12.34 26.74 14.64

• Competitors' Performance in FY-2015

Tata Motors Ford GM Mahindra

14.64 0.387 0.329 0.176

• The price-to-sales (per share) ratio is more stable than the price-to- earnings ratio.

• It is preferred for the relative valuation of companies which are still growing and do not
have positive earnings.

• As Tata Motors, has negative earrings in the FY-2015, it has a very high price to sales ratio
as compared to its competitors, which have positive earnings

• However, the P/S ratio has decreased from FY-2014 to FY-2015.

BALANCE SHEET & P&L
BALANCE SHEET OF TATA MOTORS __________in Rs. Cr.________

Mar’15 Mar,14 Mar’13 Mar’12

12mnths 12mnths 12mnths 12mnths

Sources
Of Funds
Total
Share
Capital 643.78 643.78 638.07 634.75
Equity
Share
Capital 643.78 643.78 638.07 634.75
Reserves 14,195.94 18,510.00 18,473.46 18,967.51
Networth 14,839.72 19,153.78 19,111.53 19,602.26
Secured
Loans 4,803.26 4,450.01 5,877.72 6,915.77
Unsecured
Loans 15,277.71 10,065.52 8,390.97 4,095.86
Total
Debt 20,080.97 14,515.53 14,268.69 11,011.63
Total
Liabilities 34,920.69 33,669.31 33,380.22 30,613.89

Application
Of Funds
Gross Block 27,973.79 26,130.82 25,190.73 23,676.46
Less:
Revaluation
Reserves 22.87 22.87 23.31 23.75
Less:
Accum.
Depreciation 12,190.56 10,890.25 9,734.99 8,656.94
Net Block 15,760.36 15,217.70 15,432.43 14,995.77
Capital Work
in Progress 6,040.79 6,355.07 4,752.80 4,036.67
Investments 16,987.17 18,458.42 19,934.39 20,493.55
Inventories 4,802.08 3,862.53 4,455.03 4,588.23
Sundry 1,114.48 1,216.70 1,818.04 2,708.32
Debtors
Cash and
Bank
Balance 944.75 226.15 462.86 1,840.96
Total Current
Assets 6,861.31 5,305.38 6,735.93 9,137.51
Loans and
Advances 4,270.67 4,374.98 5,305.91 5,832.03
Total CA,
Loans &
Advances 11,131.98 9,680.36 12,041.84 14,969.54
Current
Liabilities 12,282.33 13,334.13 16,580.47 20,280.82
Provisions 2,717.28 2,708.11 2,200.77 3,600.82
Total CL &
Provisions 14,999.61 16,042.24 18,781.24 23,881.64
Net Current
Assets -3,867.63 -6,361.88 -6,739.40 -8,912.10

Total
Assets 34,920.69 33,669.31 33,380.22 30,613.89

Contingent
Liabilities 9,882.65 13,036.73 15,090.21 15,413.62
Book Value
(Rs) 46.1 59.51 59.91 61.77
P&L OF TATA MOTORS
INTERNATIONAL MARKET,
AWARDS & CLAUSES
 AFRICA
In the continent of Africa, Tata Motors has significant presence in South Africa, Angola,
Algeria, Democratic Republic of Congo, Ghana, Kenya, Morocco, Mozambique, Nigeria,
Seychelles, Sudan, Tanzania, Tunisia, Uganda, Zambia and Zimbabwe. Africa has been a
preferred destination for Tata Motors since 1992. The roads of Africa are home to both
left-hand and right-hand drive versions of our cars, buses, SUVs and trucks. We have a
manufacturing base in Rosslyn, South Africa, which produces trucks ranging from 7 to 75
tonnes.

Algeria Angola Congo Djibouti Ethiopia Ghana Kenya

Morocco Mozambique Nigeria Senegal Seychelles South

Africa Sudan Tanzania Tunisia Uganda Zambia Zimbabwe

LATIN AMERICA
Tata Motors has been wooing customers in Latin America since 2009. Our most popular
vehicles here are our compact and mid-sized sedans including the Indigo and the Manza,
our hatchback Vista, and the Tata Xenon, our bestselling pickup. What our vehicles bring to
the market are a winning combination of power-packed performance and lower lifecycle
cost of ownership.

Bolivia Chile Ecuador Uruguay

 EUROPE
Europe is the home of great automobile engineering and Tata Motors is proud to have a
strong presence here, through our design and development facilities – Trilix, our design and
engineering partner in Turin, Italy and the award-winning Tata Motors European Technical
Centre in UK. Europe is where our cars and trucks are benchmarked to international
standards in styling, design, craftsmanship, quality and reliability. Europe is where we
create and fall in love with the next generation of vehicles.

Italy Poland Spain

RUSSIA
Russia and the CIS form a large part of our global expansion strategy. Our manufacturing
base in Ukraine gives us access to local geographies and facilitates customisation and speed
of delivery. Our wide range of trucks and buses allows us to provide customers with the
best fit vehicle. Our local tie-ups with dealers and distributors give us the ability to provide
our customers with superior service experience.

Russia Turkmenistan Ukraine

 APAC
Tata Motors first ventured into other Asia Pacific markets with its foray into Sri Lanka in
1961. In addition, Tata Motors has a substantial presence in Bangladesh, Nepal, Myanmar,
Bhutan, Afghanistan, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Thailand and Vietnam. With an
established presence in most geographies, and a dominant share of the commercial vehicle
segment in various markets, Tata Motors is well on its way to realising its global expansion
strategy.

Afghanistan Australia Bangladesh Bhutan Indonesia

Malaysia Myanmar Nepal Philippines Sri Lanka Thailand

Vietnam

MIDDLE EAST
Tata Motors has been present in the Middle East geography since 1971 when our trucks
were first sold in Bahrain. Today, our vehicles are sold in the UAE, Oman, Kuwait, Qatar,
Saudi Arabia, Iraq and Turkey. The region accounts for a tenth of our export market. We
offer products with the reliability and ruggedness that are necessary for operating in local
weather conditions and terrains. We have achieved a leadership position in the medium
bus segment, and we are now expanding into the pickup and truck sectors. The Tata Elanza,
Xenon and Prima are our latest launches in this region.

Abu Dhabi Bahrain Dubai Iraq Kuwait Oman Qatar

Saudi Arabia Turkey

AWARDS & ACHIEVEMENTS:

Jaguar Land Rover

 Jaguar Land Rover was handed the Queen's Award for Sustainable
Development by the UK Government
 Jaguar Land Rover also won the Gold Award, for its active support of
the UK Armed Forces community
 The company was ranked Best Employer in the UK by Bloomberg
 Range Rover Evoque was declared the 'Best in Compact SUV' by
Atonics Design Awards, Germany
 Range Rover Sport was awarded the 'Best Large SUV of the Year' by
Autocar, South Africa
 Discovery Sport was declared 'Family Car of the Year' by Top Gear
Magazine, UK
 Jaguar XF won the Design Award from Auto Build, Germany
 Jaguar XE was awarded the 'Best Large Car' by 2015 Diesel Car
Magazine Awards, UK.

Plants

 Tata Motors' Jamshedpur plant received the Srishti Good Green

Governance Award for the sixth consecutive year
 The Lucknow plant received the Srishti Good Green Governance
Award
 The Ahmedabad plant won the CII's Best Kaizen Competition 2015
at Gujarat state level
 The Dharwad plant won the First Prize National Energy
Conservation Award
 The Pantnagar plant won the Golden Peacock Award 2015
 The Pune plant won the CII Green Co Best Practice Award in Life
Cycle Assessment
 The Dharwad and Pantnagar plants received the W CQ Level II
certification.
GDP & BUSINESS
OVERVIEW
BUSINESS OVERVIEW
India's GDP growth continues to remain weak, at 4.7% in FY 2013 -14 (advance estimates)
after growing at 4.5% in FY 2012-13. Industrial activity continues to remain weak. Index of
Industrial production (IIP) was negative at 0.1% during FY 2013 -14. The stagnation in the
industrial activity was broad-based. While mining output registered a negative of 1.1%,
manufacturing output registered a negative of 0.7% during the same period. FY 2013 -14
witnessed a decline in investments in new projects in line with slowdown in overall growth.

Tata Motors Business:

Consequent to the macro economic factors as explained above, the Indian automobile industry
posted a decline of 9.3% in FY 2013-14, as compared to 1.1% growth in the last fiscal. The
commercial vehicles declined by 22.4% (last year growth of 1.7%) and passenger vehicles declined
by 4.7% (last year growth of 0.9%).
The industry performance in the domestic market during FY 2013-14 and the Company's market
share are given below:-
Growth rate in GDP

Source: Ministry of Statistics and Programme implementation

On the back of tight monetary policy, limited Fiscal spending, rising Inflation and slowing
investments, over the previous year, FY 2013-14 saw many of the same challenges
continuing into the year.
FY 2013-14 was marked by the challenge to the Government to contain the fiscal deficit,
and the Government expenditure on infrastructure and other key sectors suffered. Current
account deficit was brought in control.
As a result, the domestic auto industry saw decline after a long time. With the continued
high interest rates and inflation, households were forced to spend more on essentials and
discretionary spend reduced, leading to deferring of purchase decisions. The consistent
stagnation of the industrial growth mainly in the areas of mining and quarrying,
manufacturing and infrastructure adversely impacted the domestic auto industry.
On the global economy front, it was still a struggle, with the Euro zone in recession for
much of 2013. However, in the developed world which had started as an uneven and
patchy, recovery began to strengthen. The US economy, despite having to cope with
feuding over its budget, seems to have sped up. It has been creating jobs and its housing
market and stock indicator have moved up sharply. By the end of the year 2013, the UK had
become, on some counts the fastest growing large developed economy. UK labor market
conditions improved as employment increased. Rising consumer and business confidence
helped to underpin stronger retail sales and investment spending, while the recovery in
house prices helped shore up household wealth. This was led by higher consumption, in
turn leading to fears of overheating in the housing market.
Germany had a solid year, reducing unemployment and boosting living standards.
However, across the Mediterranean the pattern was more disappointing, with Italy, Spain,
Portugal and Greece all enduring a year of rising unemployment. Europe and the euro are
not out of trouble, but the acute phase of their difficulties may be past. However, there is
still a long way to go: deflation risks remain, the sovereign and banking crisis is not fully
resolved, and there is a considerable gulf in performance between the core and the
periphery.
The structural shift from the developed world towards the emerging world continued but
at a slightly slower pace than before. Industrial activity picked up pace throughout the year,
supporting continued employment growth. With asset prices buoyant and confidence
returning, the pillars of support for consumer spending fell back into place during 2013. In
the emerging markets due to announcement by the US Federal Reserve in May, that it
would soon begin reducing its monthly asset purchases (so-called "tapering"), caused
currencies to depreciate, stock markets to fall and borrowing costs to rise. Countries with
large current account and fiscal deficits were worst affected.
Growth in China was at 7.5% and Africa, encouragingly, grew by more than 5%.
CONTIBUTION &
SOCIAL RESPONCBILITY
As a responsible corporate citizen, our Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Strategy
complements our business philosophy and objectives.

We have adopted the Tata Group Affirmative Action (AA) Policy attempting to voluntarily
address the prevailing social inequities in India by encouraging positive discrimination for
the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes (SC/ST) communities. Every year, we participate
in TAAP (Tata Affirmative Action Programmed) Assessment, developed on the lines of
TBEM (Tata Business Excellence Model).
Proximity-linked CSR investments are implemented across locations where we serve
communities in the vicinity of our manufacturing plants and office locations. We encourage
collaboration with all our stakeholders and cascade sustainable initiatives across the
company ecosystem, both upstream and downstream, including inter alia subsidiaries and
associate companies, channel partners – dealers and service stations and supply chain.

VIDYADHANAM
 Scholarship programme.
 Special Coaching classes.
 School infrastructure improvement.
 Co-curricular activities.
 More than 37,000 children were benefited in 2013-2014

AAROGYA
 Addressing malnutrition.
 Preventive and curative health care services.
 Creating health awareness.
 More than 2,84,000 persons were benefited in 2013-14.

KAUSHALYA
 Driver training programme.
 Training in automotive & technical trades.
 Training in agriculture & allied activities.
 ITI adoption programme, training 137 youth across INDIA.
 More than a20000 youth were benefited in 2013-14.

VASUNDHARA
 Tree plantation programs.
 Creating environmental awareness.
 Soil & water conservation.
 1,64,000 trees were planted in 2013-14.
 More than 18500 people participated in our environmental awareness programmes.
SUGGESTIONS
These suggestions are based on ratio analysis and this through company may improve their
financial stability, liquidity position, operating efficiency and may restructure finance.

1. As current ratio was less than standard ratio 2:1 in all the selected automobile
companies. Therefore these companies need to increase current ratio by investing in
current assets or by decreasing current liabilities and try to maintain standard norm of this
ratio.

2. Super Quick ratio of all companies found very negative therefore all the selected
automobile companies required to improve quick ratio immediately to improve its quick
ratio. Automobile companies need to maintain the proper level of cash, bank balance and
short-term investment in current 176 assets. At the same way try to increase reserves by
investing profit or decreasing level of current liabilities.

3. As liquid ratio found that liquidity ratio was less than the standard ratio 1:1 in all the
selected automobile companies. Hence these companies should increase liquid ratio by
investing in liquid assets or by decreasing liquid liability. All the companies should try to
maintain standard norm (1:1) of this ratio as know well without liquid assets very difficult
meet with current obligation. For the trust of creditors and investor, companies need to
make proper planning about short-term funds and its utilization.

4. Gross profit ratio thus reflects the margin of profit that a concern is able to earn on its
trading and manufacturing activity. All the selected companies should have to maintain this
ratio at high level as it’s indicates operating efficiency. Moreover companies should have to
make the plan about inventory or try to reduce cost of goods sold and increase the sales.

5. Operating margin is used to measure company's pricing strategy and operating

efficiency. It gives an idea of how much a company makes (before interest and taxes) on
each rupees of sales. All the selected companies should try to maintain this ratio at high
level. For the maintaining high level of this companies need to increase operating income
by net sales or increase operating efficiency and also reduce the external funds.

6. Return on capital employed ratio measures the profitability of a company by expressing

its operating profit as a percentage of its capital employed. From the analysis it is to be
found that return on capital employed below than 50% in all the selected automobile
companies. Accordingly, all the selected companies should try to maintain this ratio up to
50% because its point to well-organized use of funds.

7. Net profit ratio indicates the company’s capacity to face adverse economic conditions
such as price competition, low demand, etc. Obviously, higher the ratio the better
profitability. Hence, try to sustain this ratio at higher level because this ratio reflects the
operating efficiency and performance of the company. As we know this ratio is very useful
for the investors. 177

8. Return on assets ratio should to be maintained at higher level because it’s beneficial for
the company.

9. Return on net worth should try to preserve at higher level as it’s indicates that efficient
use of equity capital and reserves. If this ratio is to be found at higher level means company
has to be invested funds in profitable manner.

10. All the selected automobile companies should have to increase proportion of net worth
by reinvesting profit in the business. Net worth ratio high means companies have sufficient
internal fund and less depends on external funds.

11. Lowe value of debt-equity ratio are favourable because it’s indicates less risk and less
depends of external. Hence, all the selected automobile companies should try to maintain
at lower level as it’s favourable for the companies.

12. Companies should have to maintain interest coverage ratio at higher level because it
indicates greater ability of the company to handle fixed charge liabilities. Also try to obtain
funds at low interest or less use of external funds.

13. Companies should try to sustain total assets turnover ratio at highest level as it’s
indicates well-organized use of funds.

14. As far concerned of capital turnover ratio, companies can be preserved up to 20 times
but consistency is to be required per year.

15. For maintain inventory turnover ratio company can be decided purchasing policy. If
purchasing policy is to be planned it means avoid the unnecessary investment in inventory.
At the same way companies should have to increase operating efficiency. Therefore,
company can be maintained inventory turnover ratio at higher level as it desirable for the
company.

16. Higher level of capital turnover ratio is preferable for the company as it indicates that
the efficient and well-organized management of current asset. Higher ratio means current
assets is to be easily converted into cash and working capital cycle is to be smooth going.
SWOT ANALYSIS
SWOT Analysis
Strengths

• Excellent brand equity and strengths in Indian Market

• Legacy Dignity of Tata brand heritage which is almost as old as Ford Motor Company.

• Sound global recognition in light trucks and buses.

• Sound fundamentals in turbo diesel engines that they developed in joint venture with
Cummins.

• Sound presence in Asian Markets.

• Ownership of the heritage of British motor brands -Land Rover and jaguar.

• Strategic tie up with Mercedes Benz which is one of the hottest cars in premium car
market segment in India.

• World class quality accreditation (ISO 0001,ISO 20000,ISO 14001).

• Excellent cost management framework (Ariba Spend Management).

• Excellent Supply Chain Management using the SAP framework.

• Experienced, high quality, productive and low cost work force.

• Ownership of some of the largest automobile manufacturing plants of the world.

• Diversification strengths due to other large businesses of Tata Group.

• Excellent financial strengths - dose to $10 Billion of annual revenues.

• Sound Parent Group support - Tata Group annual turnover is in excess o f $30 Billion.
WEAKNESS

 Perceived as too Indian in cheap & low quality car maker, definitely it will take them
along time to establish a global branding.
 Focus is more on cost thus their car models lack advanced features that are common
is western markets.
 Most of cars, commercial vehicles are not suitable (may not meet the safety
standards) for international markets particularly in Europe & USA.
 History oh failure in international brands (they failed miserably in their first launch
of city rover launch in Europe).
 Do not possess localization skills outside India markets, this is one of the primary
reason for their failure in the city rover venture.

Opportunities

• Asia has continued to register growth, mainly from domestic and overseas sales growth
in China and India. China has emerged as the largest car market and car producing center
of the world. Chinese brands have started to appear in world markets and in all probability
these will grow into international brands in the next few years

• Car gain control over UK 7 Europe market by re-enforcing the heritage of jaguar & land
rover.

• Deep roots of British style manufacturing processes given their own heritage of the
British rule in India - can help them do better with jaguar and Land Rover.

• Introduce Asian variants of jaguar and Land Rover by promoting their 'Power Icon.
Branding, this may work very well with Asian politicians, Capitalists and Bureaucrats.

• Develop more joint ventures like Tata - Mercedes Benz and introduce their cars in Asian
markets.

• Tata Nano has taken the world by surprise whereby many economy car manufacturers of
the world are yet not even think of such a cheap car.
THREATS

 In the coming years, Tata motors predominance in commercial vehicles will be

challenged by the entry of international brands like: Mercedes- Benz , Volvo and
Navistar which have all entered, or are in the process entering Indi

 India's domestic car market has quite a few new entrants. Such GM, Honda, Hyundai
and others. They are setting up the plan. to Asia to take advantage of growing
market .

 More fuel-efficient cars, hybrids and electric vehicles continue to be of interest to

consumers. Delays in launching the new energy efficient models may results in sharp
decline in the market share.
CONCLUSION
CONCLUSION

I would like to conclude that the prosperity of Tata Motors Ltd., is wealthy for the last 2
years period. But the last 2 years of profitability is not wealthy, It was found to be in a
gradual decreasing manner regarding the Net Sales and the Net Profits of the company
since 2011 onwards. These changes in the profits might have occurred due to:

1. High taxation

2. High cost of borrowed funds

3. High depreciation cost

4. High expenses etc.

5. Overtaking luxury brands.

6.Wrong managerial decisions.

Which can be modified by implementing proper financial management concepts. Thus it

can be concluded that inner strength of the company is remarkable. Company can further
improve its profitability through optimum capital gearing and reduction in Administration
and Financial expenses.