Acid –is molecule or ion capable of donating a proton (hydrogen ion H+), or, alternatively, capable of

forming a covalent bond with an electron pair (a Lewis acid).

Alchemist - Alchemists attempted to purify, mature, and perfect certain materials. They are also called
“gold-cooks” and said to have the ability to cure diseases.

Alchemy - a medieval chemical science and speculative philosophy aiming to achieve the transmutation
of the base metals into gold, the discovery of a universal cure for disease, and the discovery of a means
of indefinitely prolonging life.

Anion - a negatively charged ion, i.e. one that would be attracted to the anode in electrolysis.

Atom - the basic units of matter and the defining structure of elements.

Base – substances with OH- ion in its structure. Base, in chemistry, any substance that in water solution
is slippery to the touch, tastes bitter, changes the colour of indicators (e.g., turns red litmus paper blue),
reacts with acids to form salts, and promotes certain chemical reactions (base catalysis).

Bose – Einstein Condensate - a group of atoms cooled to within a hair of absolute zero. When they reach
that temperature the atoms are hardly moving relative to each other; they have almost no free energy
to do so.

cation - a positively charged ion, i.e. one that would be attracted to the cathode in electrolysis

chemistry – a branch of science that involves the study of the composition, structure and properties of
matter.

colloid - a colloid is a mixture in which one substance of microscopically dispersed insoluble particles is
suspended throughout another substance.
COMPOUND - a chemical substance composed of many identical molecules composed of atoms from
more than one element held together by chemical bonds.

Electron - The electron is a subatomic particle, symbol e⁻ or β⁻ , whose electric charge is negative
one elementary charge.

elements - a substance whose atoms all have the same number of protons: another way of saying this is
that all of a particular element's atoms have the same atomic number.

halogens - a group in the periodic table consisting of five chemically related elements: Fluorine, Chlorine,
Bromine, Iodine (I), and Astatine.

heterogeneous - any mixture that is not uniform in composition - it's a non-uniform mixture of smaller
constituent parts.

homogeneous - a solid, liquid, or gaseous mixture that has the same proportions of its components
throughout any given sample.

ion – an atom or molecule with a net electric charge due to the loss or gain of one or more electrons.

isotope- variants of a particular chemical element which differ in neutron number, and consequently in
nucleon number

mixture – a material made up of two or more different substances which are physically combined

molecule - a group of atoms bonded together, representing the smallest fundamental unit of a chemical
compound that can take part in a chemical reaction.
neutron - A particle found in the nucleus of an atom. It is almost identical in mass to a proton, but
carries no electric charge.

period- the name given to a horizontal row of the periodic table. The periodic table has seven periods.

proton - a subatomic particle found in the nucleus of every atom. The particle has a positive electrical
charge, equal and opposite to that of the electron.

series - any group of elements whose chemical and physical properties have similarities, and that vary
progressively through the series; evident within the periodic table.

solute - defined as the substance that is dissolved in a solution.

solution - a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances. A solution may exist in any phase. A
solution consists of a solute and a solvent.

solvent - the component of a solution that is present in the greatest amount. It is the substance in
which the solute is dissolved.

stoichiometry - the study of the ratio between reactants and products during a chemical reaction.

suspension - a heterogeneous mixture in which the solute particles do not dissolve, but get suspended
throughout the bulk of the solvent, left floating around freely in the medium

volatility - volatility is a material quality which describes how readily a substance vaporizes. it boils at a
low temperature, changing from the liquid to the gas phase.