DATE ___________________ NOTES-022 CHEM 110 (BEAMER)

xNotes-22xxSubatomic Particles in the Atom

#p+, #e−, #no

I. Protons

 The symbol for the proton is p+ .

1 (Extra Credit). “p”

 The nuclear symbol for the proton is 1 p is lower case.

 The proton is found inside the atom’s nucleus .

 Each proton has a charge a 1+ .

 Therefore, a particle with 15 protons (15 p+) contributes a charge of 15+ .

 Each proton has a mass of 1 amu = 1 atomic mass unit

 1 amu = 1.66 × 10−27 kg (Not memorized, not even for extra credit).

II. Neutrons

 The symbol for the neutron is n0 .

1
 The nuclear symbol for the neutron is 0 n . (Extra Credit)

 The neutron is found inside the atom’s nucleus .

 Each neutron has a charge of 0 (zero) . Its charge is neutral.

 Each neutron has a mass of 1 amu = 1 atomic mass unit

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DATE ___________________ NOTES-022 CHEM 110 (BEAMER)

III. Electrons

 The symbol for the electron is e– .

0
 The nuclear symbol for the electron is -1 e (Extra Credit)

 The electron is found orbiting the nucleus .

 Each electron has a charge a 1– .

 Example: a particle with 18 electrons (18 e–) contributes a charge of 18– .

1
 The relative mass of an electron compared to a proton (1 amu) is (amu) (negligible)
1840

 The mass of an electron is 9.11 × 10−31 kg . (Not memorized, not even for extra credit).

 For atoms #e− = # p+ .

TABLE 22: SUMMARY OF SUBATOMIC PARTICLES IN THE ATOM

PARTICLE SYMBOL CHARGE RELATIVE MASS (AMU) LOCATION NUCLEAR SYMBOL (EC) MASS (IN kg)
1
proton p+ 1+ 1 Inside the nucleus 1p 1.66 × 10−27 kg
1
neutron n0 0 1 Inside the nucleus 0n 1.68 × 10−27 kg
0
electron e– 1– 1/1840 Orbiting the nucleus -1 e 9.11 × 10−31 kg

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