DEFLUORIDATION OF

GROUNDWATER USING
BRICKPOWDER AND LEMON LEAF

Guided by, Presented by,

AADITHYA RENJITH T T ARYA S REMESH

ASSISTANT PROFESSOR ATHIRA S NAIR
MOHAMMED SABIR
VP
 INTRODUCTION 1

✔ Defluoridation - Treatment used to remove fluoride from

drinking water.
✔ Removes fluoride, a highly toxic chemical, to prevent
health issues and dental issues.
✔ BIS recommends permissible limit of flouride in drinking
water – 1-1.5 mg/L.
✔ Common techniques used - Adsorption , Ion-exchange,
Precipitation, Nano filtration etc.
✔ Brick powder act as a natural adsorbent.
✔ Deflouridation capacity of brick powder can be explained
on the basis of the chemical interaction of fluoride with the
metal oxides under suitable pH conditions.
✔ Certain plants also helps in defluorination of water.
 NEED OF THE STUDY 2

✔ Fluoride is often termed as a “Double-edged sword”

✔ More than 11 million people are affected with Fluorosis
due to continuous ingestion of water with excess fluoride
content
✔ Drinking fluoridated water worsen conditions of thyroid,
kidney, heart etc. and causes dental and skeletal fluorosis
✔ This attempt is aimed to control the Fluoride concentration
in the drinking water
 3
OBJECTIVES
✔ To determine the Fluoride ion concentration in the ground water

✔ To identify Fluoride ion concentrations in different geographic

areas

✔ To evaluate the effectiveness of bio-adsorbents for fluoride

removal
 4

LITERATURE REVIEW
1. “Defluoridation of groundwater using brick powder as an
adsorbent.” Yadav AK,Kaushik CP, HaritashAK,Kansal A ,Rani
N,Journal of Hazardous Materials ,17 Oct 2005
▪ Defluoridation of groundwater using brick powder as an
adsorbent was studied.
▪ Different parameters of adsorption, viz. effect of pH, effect of
dose and contact time were selected and optimized for the
study
▪ Comparison of adsorption by brick powder was made with
adsorption by commercially available activated charcoal.
▪ The optimum pH range for brick powder was found to be
6.0-8.0 and adsorption equilibrium was found to be 60 min.
▪ These conditions make it very suitable for use in drinking
water treatment.
Conts… 5

2) Defluoridation of water using adsorbents - A concise review

N. Sivarajasekar, T. Paramasivan, S. Muthusaravanan, P.
Muthukumaran, S. Sivamani, January 2017
▪ Fluoride contamination in potable water and ground water
streams due to natural and anthropogenic activities
▪ A general list of various inorganic, organic and natural
adsorbents from literature has been compiled and discussed
▪ Amongst the various treatment methods available for fluoride
removal, adsorption process is regarded as efficient and
practical.
▪ This review paper incudes the entire spectrum of adsorbents
used for defluoridation, factors affecting adsorptive
defluoridation process
Conts…. 6

3) Defluoridation of water using inexpensive adsorbents, A. V.

JAMODEI , V S. SAPKAL AND V S. JAMODE, J. Indian Inst.
Sci., Sept.–Oct. 2004
▪ The study assesses the suitability of inexpensive leaf
adsorbents to effectively remediate fluoride-contaminated
water
▪ The efficiency of the sorption of fluoride ion is affected by
pH, contact time, adsorbent dose, type and size of adsorbents
and initial fluoride ion concentration
▪ Results show that these low-cost bioadsorbents could be
fruitfully used for the removal of fluoride over a wide range of
concentrations
▪ Treated biosorbents were observed to be efficient for the
uptake of fluoride ions between 2.0 and 10.0 pH.
Conts… 7

4) Defluoridation of Ground Water Using Low Cost

Adsorbents, GAYATHRI G, KUMAR RAJU B C, DINESH
SHANKAR REDDY AND BEULAH M, International Journal of
Earth Sciences and Engineering, October 2017

▪ The main aim of this experimental investigation was to

develop inexpensive and safe method of fluoride removal.
▪ The adsorbents used in this investigation are amla powder,
coconut shell powder, neem powder and turmeric powder
▪ It has been observed that adsorbents were definitely having
good adsorbent capacity and fluoride concentrations are well
within permissible limits.
Conts… 8

5) Defluoridation of Groundwater using Low Cost Adsorbent

like Bagasse Dust, Aluminium Treated Bagasse Flyash, Bone
Powder and Shell Powder, Gupta N, International Journal of
Industrial Engineering and Management Science,May 2014

▪ The present study was undertaken for the determination of

fluoride ions in drinking water in the Agra's urban as well
as rural region
▪ The tests were also carried out with 1.9, 3.8, 4.75 and 9.50
mg/l NaF solutions
▪ The work aimed to evaluate the feasibility of using these
biomaterials for the removal of fluoride ions from
groundwater to make it fit for drinking or industrial use
▪ The clam shell was found to be the best of all the fluoride
 MATERIALS 9

✔ Brick powder – washed, dried, powdered, passing through sieve

0.3mm
✔ Lemon leaves – dried, powdered, passing through sieve 1.6mm

Brick powder Lemon leaf

 METHODOLOGY 10

• Water sample collection

• Choosing suitable adsorbents
• Analysis of water quality after treatment
• Determining the optimum amount of adsorbents required for
defluoridation
• Preparation of spatial map indicating fluoride concentration in the
study area
 11
REFERENCES
1. Defluoridation of groundwater using brick powder as an
adsorbent Yadav AK , Kaushik CP, Haritash AK,Kansal A , Rani
N, Journal of hazardous materials ,17 Oct 2005
2. Defluoridation of water using adsorbents - A concise review
N. Sivarajasekar, T. Paramasivan,S Muthusaravanan, P.
Muthukumaran, S. Sivamani, January 2017
3. Defluoridation of Ground Water Using Low Cost Adsorbents
Gayathri G, Kumar Raju B C, Dinesh Shankar Reddy and Beulah
M, International Journal of Earth Sciences and
Engineering,October 2017
4. Defluoridation of water using inexpensive adsorbents, A. V.
Jamodei , V S Sapkal and V S Jamode, J. Indian Inst. Sci.,
Sept.–Oct. 2004
 12

Conts....
1. 5) Defluoridation of Groundwater using Low Cost Adsorbent
like Bagasse Dust, Aluminium Treated Bagasse Flyash, Bone
Powder and Shell Powder, Gupta N, International Journal of
Industrial Engineering and Management Science,May 2014