UNIT 1

Reading Comprehension

UBUNTU: SIMPLIFIED SYSTEM MATERIALIZED by Ultro Consulting Ltd

5 Every person with a computer dreams of a simple operating system. We always want it
versatile, complete, high performing and of course, affordable.
Ubuntu is all of the above. It is versatile as you may use it in your school or office for
whatever purpose. It is so simple that even a 7-year old may use it. Its contents are limited to
those that are actually useful. It already has OpenOffice 2, photo editing software, mind mapping
10 software, database creation and management tools, content management tools, graphics creation
and drawing software. Music enthusiasts and radio stations alike will enjoy its audio editing and
software and hardware mixing. There is no need for separate installation for each.
Its high performance is guaranteed by Linux. It will not crash on you when you are in the
middle of something important. The most fascinating thing about Ubuntu is that it is totally free
and requires minimal maintenance requirements.
15 UBUNTU vs. WINDOWS
"Old habits don't die", they say. What would make an old Windows-user migrate and be an
Ubuntu convert? The following are among Ubuntu's salient selling points:
- Ubuntu is way much easier to install. You can run it directly from the CD and right
away try it without losing the previously installed programs and stored files. In fact,
you can browse the internet, chat, or play a game while installing the same. There is
21 also a selection of applications and services from which you choose to install in just one
click. Windows does not afford such kind of convenience as its installation always
involves several separate procedures.
- It has an auto-update system. You will never be left behind as it automatically installs for
25 you anything that is new. Windows does not offer the same features.
- It comes with a highly reliable Ubuntu guide which aids you in case you forget a command
line syntax.
- Ubuntu has OpenOffice, firefox and the gimp as standard programs and are already installed
for you. They also run much faster as they require smaller memory spaces and processor
time. In Windows, installing the same programs will cost you so much time.
- It gains you instant access to over 21,000 software packages for free.
- The best part is that it is free. It will save you or your company from those costly licensing
fees that the Windows system entails. This alone will propel the switch to Ubuntu.

Exercise I. Answer the following questions!

1. What are the differences between UBuntu and Window? (3 differences)
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
2. What software are installed in UBuntu?
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
3. Why is installing UBuntu much easier than installing window?
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
4. What does ‘auto-up date system’ (line 21) mean?
 __________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
5. What are the fascinating facts about UBuntu?
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
6. Translate the sentences (in bold) in line 15-19 into Indonesia!
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________

GRAMMAR

Exercise II. “Fill in the blanks using Degree of Comparison!”

1. Sofia is __________________________________ ( large ) city in Bulgaria.
2. English is ______________________________ ( easy ) than German.
3. Vera is ___________________________ ( smart ) than Mila.
4. This poem is _______________________________ ( hard ) than that one
5. I know Jakarta is a beautiful city, but I like Solo _______________________ ( good ) than Jakarta.
6. She came to school _______________________________________ ( late ) than I
7. John ________________________________ ( old ) than Lisa
8. The Wisma Nusantara building is ____________________________ ( tall ) building in Jakarta.
9. An elephant is ____________________________________ ( big ) animal nowadays.
10. Today is __________________________________ ( happy ) day for me. It’s my birthday.

Exercise III. Use Degree of Comparison!

1. The giraffe ____________________ ( tall ) than an elephant
2. River Ganga ____________________ ( large ) than River Yamuna.
3. You should be ______________ ( careful ) when you walk on the road.
4. That temple is a ______________ ( large ) building.
5. Diamond ______________ ( hard ) than any other substance in the world
6. The cheetah _____________ ( fast ) animal on the earth.
7. Rose is a beautiful flower. I find the lotus ________________ ( beautiful ) than the rose.
8. Vatican City _____________ ( small ) city in the world.
9. I find Dickens' books ___________________ ( wonderful ) than Ruskin Bond's books.
10. This poem ___________________ ( hard ) than that one.
11. Sofia ___________ ( large ) city in Bulgaria.
12. Of the two spa hotels, the Bankya Spa Palace ________________ ( friend ).
13. The Boyana Church ________________ ( old ) church in Mount Vitosha near Sofia.
14. The Lom River ___________________ ( shallow ) than the Iskar River.
 UNIT 2
Reading Comprehension

Biography of Samuel Morse

SAMUEL FINLEY BREESE MORSE, the inventor of the magnetic telegraph, was the eldest son
of the Rev. Jedediah Morse, D.D., geographer, and was born at Charlestown, Massachusetts, April 27th,
1791. He graduated at Yale College in 1810, and visited England with the American painter, Washington
Allston, to study painting with him and Benjamin West. In 1813, he received the gold medal of the Adelphi
Society of Arts for his first effort in sculpture, the "Dying Hercules." Returning to New York, he became
the first president of the National Academy of Design, and was appointed Professor of the Arts of Design
in the university of the city of New York. He did not give his entire attention to art, but was interested in
chemistry, and especially in electrical and galvanic experiments; and on a voyage from Havre to New York,
in 1832, he conceived the idea of a magnetic telegraph, which he exhibited to congress in 1837.

He struggled on with scanty means until 1843, when, as he had almost yielded to despair, congress,
at midnight, and the last moments of the session, appropriated thirty thousand dollars for an experimental
line between Washington and Baltimore. For his telegraphic inventions, Dr. Morse was rewarded by
testimonials, honors, orders of nobility and wealth. Several European states joined in presenting him a purse
of four hundred thousand francs, and banquets were given him in London and Paris. Dr. Morse died in New
York, April 2nd, 1872, at the age of eighty-one years.

Exercise I. Answer the questions based on the reading passage above!

1. Who is the inventor of magnetic telegraph? _________________________________

2. When was he born? _________________________________

3. What did Dr. Morse receive in 1813? _______________________________________

4. Was Dr. Morse interested in Art? __________________________________________

5. In New York, Dr. Morse became __________________________________________

6. What was his invention when he had his voyage from Havre to New York?
____________________________________________________________________

7. When he died? ________________________________________________________

8. Change these sentences using Magnetic Telegraph!

* I am happy _____________________________________________________
* She needs a compass _____________________________________________
* We sail at the sea ________________________________________________
* Dr. Morse invented magnetic telegraph _______________________________

Exercise II. Translate the following sentences into bahasa.

1. SAMUEL FINLEY BREESE MORSE, the inventor of the magnetic telegraph, was the eldest
son of the Rev. Jedediah Morse
___________________________________________________________________________

2. He did not give his entire attention to art, but was interested in chemistry
___________________________________________________________________________

3. For his telegraphic inventions, Dr. Morse was rewarded by testimonials, honors, orders of
nobility and wealth.
__________________________________________________________________________

4. Dr. Morse died in New York, April 2nd, 1872, at the age of eighty-one years.
___________________________________________________________________________

5. On a voyage from Havre to New York, in 1832, he conceived the idea of a magnetic telegraph,
which he exhibited to congress in 1837.
____________________________________________________________________________

UNIT 3
Reading Comprehension
Golden Gate Bridge

The Golden Gate Bridge has been called one of the

world’s most beautiful bridges. It is also one of the most visited
places in the world. Experts say about nine million people visit
the bridge each year. They say more than one thousand million
vehicles have used the bridge since it opened almost seventy
years ago.

The bridge has always been painted the color called

“International Orange.” The color was chosen because it went
well with the natural surroundings. It also is easier to see in the
heavy fog that often covers the area. But the Golden Gate Bridge
was not named for its orange color. It was named for the body of
water that it crosses, the Golden Gate Strait. The Golden Gate
Strait is the entrance to the San Francisco Bay from the Pacific Ocean. The Golden Gate Bridge
links the city of San Francisco with Marin County, California.

Planning for the bridge began in the nineteen twenties when the area around San
Francisco was growing. People living in the area needed another way to get to the city besides the
small ferry boats.

The chief engineer for the project was Joseph Strauss. Work began in nineteen thirty-
three. Mister Strauss demanded the strongest safety protections in the history of bridge building.
These protections included the first use of the hard hat and special glasses to protect the workers’
eyes. A special safety net was suspended under the bridge. This net saved the lives of nineteen
men during the construction. Still, eleven others were killed when they fell from the bridge
through the net.

The Golden Gate Bridge opened in nineteen thirty-seven. It extends one thousand two
hundred eighty meters across the water. It was the largest suspension bridge in the world until
nineteen sixty-four. That is when the Verrazano Narrows Bridge opened in New York City.

Exercise I. Answer these questions based on the reading text above !

1. Who was the chief engineer of Golden Gate ?

………………………………………………………………………………………………

2. What were the ideas to protect the workers ?

………………………………………………………………………………………………

3. What was the reason of using the name Golden gate ?

………………………………………………………………………………………………

4. What are the advantages of Golden Gate Bridges for the people ?
………………………………………………………………………………………………
5. What was the reason of planning for the bridge in the nineteen twenties ?
……………………………………………………………………………………….

Vocabulary
Exercise II. Fill in the blanks spaces with one of the following words!

A. Performance D. Similar G. Master J. Investigate

B. Value E. Strong H. Relieve
C. Common F. Considered I. Survive

1. The ability to speak was of a great ........

2. Tears ......... anger and tension naturally
3. The detective tried to ……. the causes of a murder in a small town.
4. After World War I, automobiles, buses, and trucks became the most ....... transportation.
5. Ludwing Van Beethoven is ........one of the greatest composers
6. Venus and Earth are ….. in size. However, the surface temperature of Venus is 600 degrees
Fahrenheit
7. People go to the Course, study English, and practice to speak everyday in order to …….. it.
8. Ballet dancers, same as actors, must spend many hours a day practicing before a ............
9. The low level class in a society needs a leader who has a ………… personality to raise the life.
10. How can you ……… in this world if you don’t work?

Exercise III. Match the words with the synonym and the antonym!

No Words Synonym Antonym

1 Ordinary k o a. boring k. common u. excited
2 Tiny b. forbid l. destroy v. make
someone do
something
3 Calm c. quiet m. make w. narrow
4 Complex d. n. x.
complicated interesting uncomplicated
5 Create e. huge o. unusual
6 Connect f. join p. small
together
7 Force g. unit q. separate
8 So far h. balance r. not yet
9 Broad i. consider s. actual
10 Fascinating j. until now t. wide

GRAMMAR
 Personal Pronoun and Reflexive Pronoun

Personal Pronoun Reflexive Pronoun

Me My Mine Myself
Him His His Himself
Her Her Hers Herself
You Your Yours Yourselves
Us Our Ours Ourselves
Them Their Theirs Themselves
it its its itself
Examples:
Personal pronoun
1. A student walked into the room. She was looking for the teacher.
2. A student should always do his assignments
3. That is my book. That one is yours
4. That is your book. This is mine
5. A: Do you believe in me
B: Yes, I believe in you
Reflexive pronoun
1. I don’t know what to tell you, Sue and Jack. You will have to take care of that problem
yourselves.
2. He looked at himself in the mirror
3. She lives by herself

Exercise IV. Use Personal Pronoun!

1. I have a wonderful family. I love _____ very much, and _____ love me
2. I looked up some information about the average American family. I found out that
______________ (consists, consist) of 2.3 children
3. The soccer team felt unhappy because _________ had lost in the closing moments of
the game
4. A basketball team is relatively small. __________ (doesn’t, don’t) have as many
members as a baseball team.
5. The audience clapped enthusiastically. Obviously ________ had enjoyed the concert.
6. The audience filled the room to overflowing. ________ (was, were) larger that I had
expected.
7. The class is too small. _______ (is, are) going to be cancelled.
8. A dog makes a good pet if _________ (is, are) properly trained
9. When a student wants to study, _________ should try to find a quiet place.
10. Hmm. Someone forgot ________ umbrella. I wonder whose it is.

Exercise V. Use Reflexive Pronoun!

1. Robert made this T-shirt _________
2. Lisa did the homework __________
3. I wrote this poem ______________
4. Tim and Gerry, if you want more milk, help __________
5. It is important for all of us to be honest with _______
6. I can’t help you. Bob. You’ll have to solve your problem by _______
7. Jane did not join the rest of us. She sat in the back of the room by ________
8. You may think Stan is telling the truth, but I _______ don’t believe him.
 9. Now that their children are grown. Mr. and Mrs. Emerson live by ______
10. You ________ have to make that decision, Ann. No one can make it for you.

Writing
Exercise 6. Translate the sentences into bahasa.

1. The Golden Gate Bridge has been called one of the world’s most beautiful bridges.
……………………………………………………………………………………………

2. The bridge has always been painted the color called “International Orange.” The color
was chosen because it went well with the natural surroundings.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………

3. The Golden Gate Bridge is also one of the most visited places in the world
……………………………………………………………………………………………..

4. My family went to San Francisco 2 years ago to visit The Golden Gate Bridge
……………………………………………………………………………………………

5. Joseph Strauss demanded the strongest safety protections in the history of bridge
building
……………………………………………………………………………………………

UNIT 4
Reading Comprehension
Thomas Alva Edison

Thomas Alva Edison lit up the world with his invention of the electric
light. Without him, the world might still be a dark place. However, the electric light was not his
only invention. He also invented the phonograph, the motion picture camera, and over 1,200 other
things. About every two weeks he created something new.

A. Edison was born in Milan, Ohio, on February 11, 1847. His family moved to Port
Huron, Michigan, when he was seven years old. Surprisingly, he attended school for only two
months. His mother, a former teacher, taught him a few things, but Thomas was mostly self-
educated. His natural curiosity led him to start experimenting at a young age with electrical and
mechanical things at home.

When he was 12 years old, he got his first job. He became a newsboy on a train that ran
between Port Huron and Detroit. He set up a laboratory in a baggage care of the train so that he
could continue his experiments in his spare time. Unfortunately, his first work experience did not
end well. Thomas was fired when he accidentally set fire to the floor of the baggage car.

Thomas then worked for five years as a telegraph operator, but he continued to spend much
of his time on the job conducting experiments. He got his first patent in 1868 for a vote recorder
run by electricity. However, the vote recorder was not a success. In 1870, he sold another invention,
a stock-ticker, for $40,000. A stock-ticker is a machine that automatically prints stock prices on a
tape. He was then able to build his first shop in Newark, New Jersey.

Thomas Edison was totally deaf in one ear and hard of hearing in the other, but thought of
his deafness as a blessing in many ways. It kept conversations short, so that he could have more
time for work. He called himself a "two-shift man" because he worked 16 out of every 24 hours.
Sometimes he worked so intensely that his wife had to remind him to sleep and eat.

Edison died at the age of 84 on October 18, 1931, at his estate in West Orange, New
Jersey. He left numerous inventions that improved the quality of life all over the world.

Exercise I. Answer the question based on the reading above

1. Edison considered his deafness as a
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________

2. What is the main idea of the first paragraph

______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________

3. What is the main idea of the second paragraph

______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________

4. What did He do when he was 12 years old

______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________

5. What is the best title for the reading above

______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________

7. As the result, what is the most influenced invention that Thomas contributed to the world
- __________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________

7. Thomas Edison did things in this order:

(a).he became a telegraph operator, a newsboy, and then got his first patent
(b).he became a newsboy, got his first patent, and then became a telegraph operator
(c).he got a patent, became a telegraph operator, and then became a newsboy
(d).he became a newsboy, a telegraph operator, and then got a patent

Speaking
At the office Terry speaks to one of his friends at
Terry: Good morning, Mrs. Williams the office
Mrs. Williams: Good morning, Mr. Griffin Terry: Oh hi, Caroline
Terry: How are you this morning? Caroline: Hello, Terry. How’s
Mrs. Williams: very well, thank you everything?
Terry: Did you have a nice weekend? Terry: Fine, thanks.
Mrs. Williams: yes, thank you Caroline: How was your weekend,
Terry?
Terry; It was super, thanks. I went to
Terry sees a friend of his at the restaurant the beach
Terry: There’s Elizabeth Forbes. Do you know Caroline: Lucky you
her? Introducing a colleague
Peter: No, I don’t Mr. Grey: Mr. Silvers, this is Mr. Thomas
Terry: Hello, Elizabeth Mr. Silvers: How do you do?
Elizabeth: Hello, Terry Mr. Thomas: How do you do? It’s very
Terry: Elizabeth, this is a friend of mine, Peter nice to meet you
Elizabeth: Hi
Peter : Hello. It’s nice to meet you

Ways to say it
 Greeting friends A: Hi Tony
B: Hi
A: How’s everything with you?
How are you?
B: fine, thanks
Good, thanks

Greeting others A: Good morning, Sir

Good afternoon, ma’am
B: Good morning. How are you?
Good afternoon
A: Very well, thank you
Fine, thank you

Introducing a friend (informal) A: Tony, this is Anne

B: Hi, how are you?
C: Fine, thanks

Introducing others (Formal) 1) A: This is a colleague of mine, Frank

Hill
B: How do you do?
C: Nice to meet you
2) A: I‘d like you to meet Mr. Jones
B: How do you do, Mr.Jones? My
name is
Jim
C: Nice to meet you

Exercise II. Pair work. Use Greeting Expression!

1. You meet a friend of yours on the street

2. You meet the school principal in a department store in the afternoon
3. You are at a party with a friend. Most of the people at the party do not know your friend.
Introduce your friend to your to the people.