CAVITE STATE UNIVERSITY

Imus Campus
Cavite Civic Center Palico IV, Imus, Cavite
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www.cvsu.edu.ph

ITEC 55 - Platform
Technologies

GIELYN T. FERNANDEZ
Name: _________________________ 12/02/22
Date:_____________________

Yr./Sec: 2nd YEAR BSIT-2B

_________________________ by. Sr. Mike Bael Hayag

Assignment No. 1

Instructions: Define the following Operating Systems.

WHAT IS

 OPERATING SYSTEM

 Operating System lies in the category of system software. It basically manages all the
resources of the computer. An operating system acts as an interface between the
software and different parts of the computer or the computer hardware. The operating
 system is designed in such a way that it can manage the overall resources and
operations of the computer. It is a fully integrated set of specialized programs that
handle all the operations of the computer. It controls and monitors the execution of all
other programs that reside in the computer, which also includes application programs
and other system software of the computer. Examples of the operating system are
Windows, Linux, Mac OS, etc.

WINDOWS

Windows Operating system

It is a GUI-based operating system that is developed and marketed by Microsoft
Corporation. The main objective of Microsoft company regarding this operating system
is to make it an all-rounder and easy-to-use OS that has everything So that any normal
user who doesn’t have knowledge about coding can easily use this operating without
any issue.
It comes up with a clean desktop environment that looks minimal and easy to use. It
also comes up with a pre-loaded application like Microsoft Excel, PowerPoint, Microsoft
Edge browser, Microsoft store, some basic games, and many other applications come.
It allows the user to do multitask, play games, watch videos, browse the internet, chats
with friends/family, and even you can install any software without any issue.
Features in Windows Operating System
As such there are many features in the windows are:

 Desktop  Setting
 Taskbar  Registry Editor
 Task Manager  Cortana
 Control Panel  System Information
 Command Prompt  Start Menu
 Recycle Bin

Desktop

Desktop is a by-default GUI-based Screen provided by the Microsoft in windows OS. It is a

place where all the software applications icons are available on a screen, so the users can do
their work by clicking on these applications. You can also customize it according to your
preferences like you can change the background, you can delete your application’s icons, you
can create a folder, and also you can customize your taskbar.
Taskbar

Tasker is an area where you can check which application in your PC/laptop is currently open
or which is not. Like in the given image, you can see that the only chrome application is
currently open.

Task Manager

Task manager is a “system monitoring program’ where you can monitor your system what’s
currently running on your computer. It shows your system resource information, what number
of resources can be used by each application.

Control Panel
It is a management tool where you can manage all the resources on your system like you can
make some changes on Hardware resources (Printer, Mouse, keyboard, etc), networks,
programs, personalization, etc.

Command Prompt

Command Prompt is a terminal where you can operate your computer by writing Some
commands like cd, cls, dir, exit, find, hostname, shutdown, etc, and many others. It is mostly
known for “cmd”.
Recycle Bin

It is a place where all the deleted files and applications are stored. It provides a facility of
restore point where we can restore any deleted files or applications of our system. If you delete
any files or applications from the recycle bin then you will no longer restore them, they will be
permanently deleted. In a given image you can see that my Linux command PDF file has been
deleted and is now showing in the recycle bin folder.

Setting

The word “setting” you better know, this is available in all the devices smartphones, tablets,
PC, etc. setting allows us to make some changes like we can customize our window desktop
by adding different types of wallpapers, pictures to the background, we can adjust the icon size
and also we can change the time and date of your system.
Registry Editor

It is the place where we can fix any error which will be happening in windows OS and for any
applications.

Cortana

Cortana is an assistant which helps us to execute our program by hearing our voice, it saves
our time and focuses attention on what matters most.
System Information

System information shows our PC information of hardware resources, components, and of the
software environment.

Start Menu

Start Menu shows all the applications and programs of our system. It also shows the history of
what application was currently open.
 History of Windows Operating System

1983 was the year where the first window operating system was developed which is done by
the multi-technology software company “Microsoft” and it was founded by the two popular
electronics magazines friends “Bill Gates” and “Paul Allen” in 1975. After some years Paul
Allen left the Microsoft company (In 1983) and right now the Bill Gates was the only person
who owns Microsoft and there are many shareholders who invest in Microsoft.

Versions of Windows Operating System

There are too many versions were released by Microsoft are:

 Windows 1 It is was the first Windows from Microsoft which is released on 20 November
1985. This was the first step from the Microsoft to produce a GUI-based operating system.
After that, they sold it in the market at $100.
 Window 2 After two years, Microsoft released the second version of the window which is
released on 9 December 1987. It was sold for $100.
 Window 386 The release date of window 2, “Window 386” was released on the same day
(on 9 Dec 1987). And, it was also sold at $100.
 Window 286 In June 1988 the window 286 were released and also sold for $100.

 Window 3 It was released on 22 May 1990 and this was the first version of windows that
required an HDD (Hard Drive Disk). It was initially sold at a price of $149.95 and the upgraded
version was sold for $79.95.
 Window 3.1 It was released on 6 April 1992. It was the most loved version in the market,
within 2 months the millions of copies of this version were sold in the market.
 Windows 95 Windows 95 was released on 24 August 1995. This was the time where the
windows craze started, within a few days the millions of copies were sold.
 Windows 98 Windows 98 was released in 1998. This was the updated version of windows
95 where the Microsoft added some new feature which was not available in windows 95
 Windows 2000 Windows 2000 was launched on 17 Feb 2000. This version was based on a
business-oriented system.
 Windows XP Windows XP was released on 25 October 2001 and this was the best version
of Windows OS because it is a stable OS which is built on a Windows 2000 kernel.
 Windows Vista In January 2006 this version was released and it is the updated version of
Windows XP where the vista added some additional features with its looks and feel.
 Window 7 Window 7 is a successor to window vista which was released on 22 July 2009.
This version of windows aims to fix all those bugs which was faced in windows vista and make
it user-friendly OS.
 Window 8 Window 8 was released on 26 October 2012 and this version of windows comes
with some news features like faster booting speed, web store, improved search function, USB
3.0 supported device, etc., and many others.
 Window 8.1 Window 8.1 was released on 23 august 2013 and it is the little upgrade of
window 8.
 Window 10 Window 10 was released on 29 July 2015. This version comes up with some
improvements and with news features.
 Window 11 Well, we all know window 11 is recently released by microsoft. It is released on
5 Oct 2021. It is also comes up with some improvements and with some features like Apple
mac-like interface, Integrated android apps, splitting the screen, Better virtual desktop support,
etc. and many other things.

LINUX
Linux-Based Operating system
Linux is a UNIX-based “Linux kernel” that is also known for Operating systems. It is an
Open-source software just like a Windows OS and a Macc OS. The main difference
between Linux and the Windows/ Macc OS is that Linux is freely available, we can use
this OS for free which means that any programmer can make changes to this OS by
doing some codes and makes new distros to make this OS useful for the commercial as
well as for Personal purpose. on the other hand, the Window and the Macc is a paid OS
that means we have to purchase this OS for use.
In an earlier period, this OS was made for personal purposes But After that This can be
used for both Commercial and Non-Commercial purposes. From 90s Linux can be used
for every device which we are using in our daily life Examples: Linux is used in PC,
Laptops, Mobile Phones, Watches, Home appliances (TV, Camera, Refrigerator, cars,
router…), and it is mostly used in a highly computerized system ( SuperComputer,
Mainframe, embedded…), etc. . This OS was developed on September 17, 1991 by
“Linus Torvalds”.

Components of Linux

There are mainly three types of components:

 Kernel
 System Library
 System Utility

Kernal

It is the lowest level of system software that directly communicates with the system hardware.
Kernal is the main core of the Linux Operating system that means it is responsible for
executing all the programs of major activities to this operating system. The kernel is one of the
first programs loaded on the startup. It can handle the Memory, Peripherals, and I/O Devices
of a system by communicating with the software, After that, it can translate and Process the
instructions for the CPU.

System Library

System libraries are special programs that are generally used in all Operating systems, It helps
Linux to access the kernel features. System libraries are responsible for most of the
functionalities of the Operating system. To accessing these libraries so you don’t need any
permission from the kernel module.

System Utility

It is the program that executes individual, particular, and specialized functions which can be
utilized from the system utilities.

Features of Operating system

 It is an Open-Source software: Linux is a freely available OS to everyone which means it

is a community-based development. Anyone can work on Linux to make a new Linux distro
which makes it helpful to the public.
 Secure: Linux provides us the security of password protection/2 factor authentication.
which makes our data safe n secure.
 GUI: It has a graphical user interface that makes it easy to use and provides a better user
experience.
 Multi-Tasking: In Linux, also has a multitasking feature that means we can use more than
one application in the same period of time.
 Portable: In Linux, portability means it can work on different types of hardware.
 Live CD/USB: Live Cd/USB means the Linux OS can run without installing any Linux on a
system. we can use it with the help of a CD/USB. For use with CD/USB firstly we have to
make these devices bootable and then put an ISO file of that Linux which you want to run in
a CD/USB.
 Hierarchical File System: Linux provides a file system in which all the files and directories
are arranged.

History of Linux

As I mentioned that the Linux is a UNIX-based Operating System. So, now what is UNIX?

UNIX is also known as “UNICS” which stands for “UNiplexed Information Computing
System“. UNIX is a Multi-User that is mostly used in Mainframe Computers, Workstations, and
for Servers. This Operating System was developed by two computer scientists whose names
were “Dennis Ritchie” and “ken Thompson” in 1969. This is the most powerful and most
popular multitasking operating system. In the 1960s, Unix OS was used by the command line,
but after that, it was upgraded to a GUI (Graphical User Interface) so that it becomes easier to
use. This operating system is made for commercial purposes, not for non-commercial
purposes. It is only used by large Organizations.

Now Let’s talked about Linux,

In 1990, a Swedish-speaking Finnish student named “Linus Torvalds” starts a project to

create a new operating system which is for free. The project was based on “Kernal” with GNU
Tools. When his project was completed then he named it “Linux”. The word Linux is a
combination of two words first his own name “Linus” and second is “UNIX” (Linus + Unix =
Linux).
Linus Torvalds started this project is just for fun and ended up with the large Project. Now, In
all over the world, Linux is everywhere e.g. In Mobile Phones, desktops, Laptops, Modems,
routers, cars, fridges,s, and many others…
Evolution of Linux

 In 1991, Linus released the first freely distributable version of Linux (Linus 0.01). He
provides it for free on the internet under his license.
 In 1992, Linus released the next version of Linux (Linux 0.12) under GNU General Public
License
 In 1993, Net BSD 0.8 and Free BSD 1.0 were released. In 1994, Red Hat Linux was
introduced. In 1996, Linux 2.0 was released. In 1998, Sun Solaris OS was released. In
2000, Red hat release his first version of red hat enterprises.
 In 2004, on October 20 the first version of Linux was released. In 2011, A new update for
Linux Kernal version 3.0 was released.
 In 2014, The fourth version is released 4.0 of Linux Kernal.

 In 2019, The fifth version is released of Linux Kernal.

Today we have over 600 Linux distros that are freely available for use. But today I am going to
tell you about the top Linux distributions where the people loved a lot to use this Linux:

 Ubuntu  Fedora
 Linux Mint  Arch Linux
 Gentoo  Kali Linux
 Zorin OS  Open SUSE
 Elementary OS  Manjaro Linux
 Pop OS  Slax Linux
 Cent OS

Macc OS
MacOS Operating system
Macc OS is a macintosh Operating system which is developed by the American computer
company “Apple Inc.” and it was introduced in 1984. It is a GUI-based Operating system
that comes up with some amazing preloaded applications like Safari, Apple app store,
Apple TV, iTunes, calendar, gallery, etc., and many other applications.
The main thing about this OS is that it provides us a lot of security than the Windows
operating system, this is because it provides us some restrictions like it doesn’t allow to use
third-party applications or Software in it. You can only use those applications or software
which Macc OS allows you to use. Because Apple knows if you use third-party applications
or software then you’ll face some viruses, data leaks, and lag issues in it.
Also, It does not support third-party hardware because Macc OS is specially designed to
run only in a Apple’s Computers.

Advantages of Macc OS

 Stable OS It is a very stable Operating System that has no lag, no bug, no error issue in it
which provides us a smooth experience without any issue.
 Faster than other OS If we talk about the speed of mac OS is insane, it is too faster than
other OS. Boot time, Application opening time, animations all are fast.
 Longer Life Macc OS is designed to run only in an Apple computer, The hardware quality
of apple’s computer is more premium than the other computer manufacturers so that
means apple’s computer has a longer life than the other brand’s computers.
 Neat and Clean Desktop Environment The Desktop environment of the Mac OS is too
beautiful which has a clean and minimal design.
 Fewer Malware attacks than other OS attacks If we talk about Windows OS, the attacks
of the virus are larger in Windows OS. But in Macc, it has fewer attacks than windows.

Disadvantages of Macc OS
  Too Expensive This is the main disadvantage of Macc OS, their prices are too much
greater than other OS. If I talked about the lowest price of macc is around1100 $ to 1500 $.
It is just the lowest price of macc, If I talk about the normal price is around 2500 $ to 5000
$, and their supported hardware is also expensive.
 It has Some restrictions and limited apps In Macc, it has some restrictions like you can’t
be able to install any third-party application and software in it. You can use only preloaded
apps and software which comes with preloaded in Macc OS and use those applications
which is available on the apple apps store.
 Not a Ideal Choice for gamers Macc OS is not an ideal choice for gamers as most of the
games are available to run in Windows operating system only, game developers want to
make their games for Windows operating system as the market share of Windows OS is
much larger than Macc OS. That’s why it’s not for gamers.

History Of MACC OS

1984 was the year when the first Mac OS was developed with the name of “Classic Macc
OS”. As I mentioned that the Macc OS developed by the American computer company
“Apple Inc.” which was established in 1976 by the three-founder named are Steve jobs,
Ronal Wayne and Steve Wozniak.
The first officially release of this OS is Macc OS X Public beta nick-named as “Kodiak”. It was
released for public as a beta version for $29.95 in year 2000. After that the public beta version
expired in 2001 and the new version was come with the name of Mac OS X 10.0 “Cheetah”.
Similarly, there are too many versions was released in the last 21 years. So, let’s see how
many…

 Mac OS X 10.1 Mac OS X 10.1 nicknamed as “PUMA” is the upgraded version of cheetah.
It was release after the 6 month of cheetah release in 2001.
 Mac OS X 10.2 Mac OS X 10.2 was released in August 23, 2002 with the name of
“JAGUAR”.
 Mac OS X 10.3 This version of Mac OS was released in October 25, 2003. with the name of
“PANTHER”.
 Mac OS X 10.4 The Mac OS X 10.4 was released in June 28, 2004 with the name of
“TIGER”.
 Mac OS X 10.5 Mac OS X 10.5 was released in October 26, 2007 with the name of
“Leopard”.
 Mac OS X 10.6 This version was released in June 8, 2009 with the name of” SNOW
LEOPARD”.
 Mac OS X 10.7 Released in July 20, 2011 with the name of “LION”.

 Mac OS X 10.8 Released in July 25, 2012 with the name of “MOUNTAIN LION”.

 Mac OS X 10.9 Released in June 10, 2013 with the name of “MAVERICKS”.

 Mac OS X 10.10 Released in June 2, 2014 with the name of “YOSEMITE“.

 Mac OS X 10.11 Released in June 8, 2015 with the name of “El Capitan”.

 Mac OS X 10.12 Released in June 13, 2016 with the name of “SIERRA”.
 Mac OS X 10.13 Released in June 5, 2017 with the name of “HIGH SIERRA”.
 Mac OS X 10.14 Released in June 4, 2018 with the name of “MOJAVE”.

 Mac OS X 10.15 Released in June 3, 2019 with the name of “CATALINA”.

 MacOS 11 Released in November 12, 2020 with the name of “BIG SUR”.

 MacOS 12 Released in October 25, 2021 with the name of “MONETEREY”.

ANDROID
Android Operating system
Android is a mobile operating system based on a modified version of the Linux kernel and
other open-source software, designed primarily for touchscreen mobile devices such as
smartphones and tablets. Android is developed by a partnership of developers known as
the Open Handset Alliance and commercially sponsored by Google. It was disclosed in
November 2007, with the first commercial Android device, the HTC Dream, launched in
September 2008.
It is free and open-source software. Its source code is Android Open-Source Project
(AOSP), primarily licensed under the Apache License. However, most Android devices
dispatch with additional proprietary software pre-installed, mainly Google Mobile Services
(GMS), including core apps such as Google Chrome, the digital distribution platform
Google Play and the associated Google Play Services development platform.

Features of Android Operating System

Below are the following unique features and characteristics of the android operating system,
such as:
Near Field Communication (NFC)

Most Android devices support NFC, which allows electronic devices to interact across short
distances easily. The main goal here is to create a payment option that is simpler than carrying
cash or credit cards, and while the market hasn't exploded as many experts had predicted,
there may be an alternative in the works, in the form of Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE).

Infrared Transmission

The Android operating system supports a built-in infrared transmitter that allows you to use
your phone or tablet as a remote control.

Automation

The Tasker app allows control of app permissions and also automates them.

Wireless App Downloads

You can download apps on your PC by using the Android Market or third-party options like
AppBrain. Then it automatically syncs them to your Droid, and no plugging is required.

Storage and Battery Swap

Android phones also have unique hardware capabilities. Google's OS makes it possible to
upgrade, replace, and remove your battery that no longer holds a charge. In addition, Android
phones come with SD card slots for expandable storage.

Custom Home Screens

While it's possible to hack certain phones to customize the home screen, Android comes with
this capability from the get-go. Download a third-party launcher like Apex, Nova, and you can
add gestures, new shortcuts, or even performance enhancements for older-model devices.

Widgets
Apps are versatile, but sometimes you want information at a glance instead of having to open
an app and wait for it to load. Android widgets let you display just about any feature you
choose on the home screen, including weather apps, music widgets, or productivity tools that
helpfully remind you of upcoming meetings or approaching deadlines.

Custom ROMs

Because the Android operating system is open-source, developers can twist the current OS
and build their versions, which users can download and install in place of the stock OS. Some
are filled with features, while others change the look and feel of a device. Chances are, if
there's a feature you want, someone has already built a custom ROM for it.

Architecture of Android OS

The android architecture contains a different number of components to support any android
device needs. Android software contains an open-source Linux Kernel with many C/C++
libraries exposed through application framework services.

Among all the components, Linux Kernel provides the main operating system functions to
Smartphone and Dalvik Virtual Machine (DVM) to provide a platform for running an android
application. An android operating system is a stack of software components roughly divided
into five sections and four main layers, as shown in the below architecture diagram.

 Applications
 Application Framework
 Android Runtime
 Platform Libraries
 Linux Kernel
 iOS

iOS Operating system

iOS is an operating system developed by Apple Inc. It is used in nearly all of their devices,
including the iPhone and iPad.
While it may seem like a much simpler operating system than some others (such as
Windows or Linux), it is actually quite complex and has many advanced features that most
users are probably not even aware of.

Different Versions of iOS

 There have been ten major versions of iOS released since 2007. New hardware was
supported by each version, and public beta versions were available to developers
beforehand so that they could update their apps.
  The first version of iOS was iOS 1, which came out in 2007. It was revolutionary at the
time but had limited functionality. The next version of iOS was 2, which included the
iTunes App Store and iPhone 3G support. iOS 3 and 4 were major overhauls of the OS
and introduced some new features.
 Versions 5 through 9 were updates that mostly laid the groundwork for the next
iteration of iOS 10, which brought a wide variety of new features to the table alongside
some old favorites. The most recent version of iOS is 15, which introduced even more
features while still retaining many elements from previous versions.

Core Services in iOS

This is a list of core iOS services we think are important to know about. Let’s take a closer look
at each one.

 UI Design: From the beginning, Apple has stressed the importance of good User
Interface Design. The company’s Human Interface Guidelines have been a staple of iOS
since day one, and they provide a lot of information on UI design.
 Secure Authentication: Authentication has been a key part of iOS since the
beginning. While other systems don’t use two-factor authentication due to its
inconvenience, Apple has made this a central part of iOS in large part due to its partnership
with the Secure Token Service.
 Swift: Swift is Apple’s open-source programming language that is used to create apps for
the iOS platform. Since its introduction in 2014, it has become a favorite among iOS app
developers.
 Core Data: Core Data is a framework that manages data in iOS apps. Since the
beginning, data management in iOS has been a bit complicated, but with Core Data it’s
much easier.

iOS: A Short History

iOS was the first mobile operating system released by Apple, and it powers many Apple
products. The first public release of iOS was version 1.0, which was very limited in terms of
functionality. It was very barebones with no ability to send or receive text messages or access
the internet.
 The next major version of iOS brought many new features, including the iTunes App Store and
support for the iPhone 3G. This allowed third-party developers to create apps for the iPhone,
bringing with it a slew of new functionality that was not previously available. This is when iOS
really started to become the powerhouse OS it is today.

The iOS 5, 6, and 7 operating systems were major updates that brought many new features to
iPhones and iPads. iOS 7 was a major overhaul of the operating system that brought a new,
sleek design and many new features. The iOS 8 update added a few new features as well as
support for iPhone 6 and 6 Plus.

REFERENCES:

https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/what-is-an-operating-system/
https://computerstudypoint.com/windows-operating-system/
https://computerstudypoint.com/what-is-linux-operating-system-explain-in-detail-history-types-merits-demerits/
https://computerstudypoint.com/what-is-macc-os/
https://www.javatpoint.com/android-operating-system
https://planetproductsshop.com/what-is-iphone-operating-system/