Professional Documents
Culture Documents
LE6 - Layout & Line Balancing PDF
LE6 - Layout & Line Balancing PDF
KPP227
Layout refers to the configuration of The need for layout planning arises in
departments, work centers and the process of designing new facilities
equipment with particular emphasis on and redesigning existing facilities.
movement of work (customers or
materials) through the system.
Layout decisions:
• Require substantial investments
(money and effort)
• Involve long-term commitments
• Impact the cost and efficiency of
short-term operations
(1)
Customized process, Job
with flexible and unique process
sequence of tasks
Small batch
(2)
process
Disconnected line flows,
moderately complex Batch processes
work
Large batch
process
(3)
Connected line, highly
repetitive work Line
process
(4)
Continuous flows Continuous
process
• Hybrid layouts
• Warehouses
• Service layout
MTO: PD DD Consume
Make-to-Order Strategy OP
Demand Driven (DD)
Used by manufacturers that make
products to customer specifications in low
volumes.
• Line Process
A process with high volumes and standardized products => Resources
organized around the product
• Hybrid layout
Create flow lines in parts of the workshop to increase efficiency, e.g. One
worker – multiple machines, Cell/Group technology.
2. Social services ― 8 1 1
5. Education ― 1
and error)
6. Internal audit ―
The layout designer must tie space requirements to capacity plans, calculate the specific equipment and space needs
for each center, and allow circulation space such as aisles and the like.
2 4 3
15m
6 5 1
36m
Below is Salonen machining’s trip matrix, which gives the number of trips (or some
other measure of materials movement) between each pair of departments per day.
Department 1 2 3 4 5 6
Solution:
A good place to start is with the largest closeness ratings in the trip matrix (say, 70 and
above). Beginning with the largest number of trips and working down the list, you might Proposed Block Plan
plan to locate the departments as follows:
5 4 3
Departments 3 and 6 close together
Departments 1 and 6 close together 15m
Departments 2 and 5 close together 2 1 6
Departments 4 and 5 close together
Departments 3 and 4 should remain at their current locations because of the ”other 36m
considerations”.
If after several attempts you cannot meet all five requirements, drop one or more and
try again. If you can meet all five easily, add more (such as for interactions below 70).
The block plan in the figure shows a trial-and-error solutoion that satisfies all five
requirements. We started by keeping departments 3 and 4 at their current locaitons. As
the first requirement is to locate departments 3 and 6 close to each other, we put 6 in
the southeast corner of the layout. The second requirement is to have departments 1
and 6 close together, so we place 1 in the space just to the left of 6, and so on.
1-2 20 3 60 1 20 5 4 3
1-4 20 2 40 1 20 15m
1-6 80 2 160 1 80 2 1 6
2-3 10 2 20 3 30
3-6 90 3 270 1 90
4-5 70 1 70 1 70
Current Block Plan
Tot: 785 400
2 4 3
15m
6 5 1
36m
1. The work is separated into work elements (the smallest B Insert impeller shaft 30 A
C Attach axle 50 A
units of work that can be performed independently) D Attach agitator 40 B
E Attach drive wheel 6 B
2. A precedence diagram is constructed, which shows F Attach free wheel 25 C
4. Calculate the cycle time (the maximum time allowed for B 40
H
20
Also…
• Longest work element first
• Shortest work element first
• Etc…
Work Immediate
Element Description Time (sec) Predecessor(s) D
H
A Bolt leg frame to hopper 40 None
B 40
B Insert impeller shaft 30 A 20
C Attach axle 50 A 30 E
D Attach agitator 40 B
6
E Attach drive wheel 6 B A
F
F Attach free wheel 25 C
40 C
G Mount lower post 15 C 25
H Attach controls 20 D, E 50
I
I Mount nameplate 18 F, G
Total 244 18
G
15
Theoretical minimum no of stations = 5
Cycle time = 60 sec
Total 244
D
H
B 40
20
30 E
6
A
F
40 C 25 Theoretical minimum no of stations = 5
50 I Cycle time = 60 sec
18
G
15
KPP227 Antti Salonen 33
KPP227 Antti Salonen 34
Solution:
Station Candidates Choice Cumulative Idle time
time
S1 A A 40 20
S2 B,C C 50 10
S3 B, F, G B 30 30
E, F, G F 55 5
S4 D, E, G D 40 20
E, G G 55 5
S5 E, I I 18 42
E E 24 36
H H 44 16
When implementing this solution, we must observe precedence requirements within each station.
For example, the worker at station S5 can do element I at any time but cannot start element H until
element E is finnished.
A B E F H J K L
D G I
A B E F H J K L
D G I
Work Time RPW
element (minutes)
WS Candidates CT
A 2 41
B 3 39 1 A, B, C 6
C 1 31
2 D 5
D 5 35
E 5 30 3 E, G 6
F 4 18
4 F, H 6
G 1 15
H 2 14 5 I 6
I 6 14
6 J, K 6
J 4 12
K 2 8 7 L 6
L 6 6
A B E F H J K L
D G I
WS2 WS3 WS5
This implies that a worker with temporarily increased idle time can
assist other workers to maintain the flow of the line, so called
dynamic line balancing.
L L M M D D
D D
L L M M
Grinding
L L M M
G G
L L Assembly
G G
A A
Receiving and A A G G
shipping
Receiving L M G G
Cell 3
L M D
Shipping
Before: After:
Other considerations:
Aggregate planning
KPP227 Antti Salonen 61