EXPERIMENT 1: PHYSICAL QUANTITIES AND MEASUREMENT

OBJECTIVE

1. To expose students to use measurement equipment and right measurement techniques.

2. To obtain derived quantities from base quantities.

INFERENCES

1. Base quantities are the quantities that cannot be defined in terms of the other quantities.

2. Derived quantities are physical quantities derived from base quantities through

multiplication, division or both.

𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑚
3. Density of substance, 𝜌 = =
𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑣

4. Relative Density

HYPOTHESIS

1. To measure physical quantities precisely.

2. To compare the different between base and derived quantities.

EXPERIMENT 1a

APPARATUS

1. Wooden Block

2. Ruler

3. Vernier Caliper -1 4.
PROCEDURES

1. Measure the dimension of the wooden block by using ruler and Vernier Caliper.2.

2. Weight the mass of the wooden block by using Beam Balance/Electronic Balance.3.

3. Record all the data in the Table 1a

.4.Calculate density by using formula

𝑚 𝑘𝑔
𝜌= ( )
𝑉 𝑚3
DATA

Table 1a

DIMENSION READING

Ruler Vernier Caliper

ZERO ERROR NO ZERO ERROR NO ZERO ERROR

Height, h 25 mm 62.8 mm

0.025 mm 62.8 x 10−9 mm

Width, w 62 mm 25.1 mm

0.062 mm 25.1 x 10−9mm

Length, ι 119 mm 120.35 mm

0.119 mm 120.35 x 10−9mm

Mass, m 129.2 g

129.2 x 10−3kg

Volume, V 184450 mm 208.25 mm

184450 x 10−9 mm 208.35 x 10−9mm

𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑘𝑔 𝑘𝑔
Density, ρ = 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 700.46 𝑚3 6.20408𝑚3
EXPERIMENT 1b

APPARATUS

1.Coin 20 cent

2.Micrometer Screw Gauge

PROCEDURES

1.Measures the dimension of the coin 20 cent by using Micrometer Screw Gauge

2.Record all data in Table 1b

𝜋𝑑 2 𝑙
𝑉=
4
DATA

Table 1b

MICROMETER SCREW GAUGE

ZERO ERROR : 0.11 mm

READINGS Average Actual value = average – zero

error

1 2 3

Diameter,d 23.81 23.80 23.81 23.81 23.7 mm

23.81 x 23.80 x 23.81 x 23.81 x 10−3 23.7 x10−3 m

10−3 10−3 10−3

Thickness,l 1.89 1.90 1.90 1.90 1.79 mm

1.89 1.90 x 1.90 x 1.90 x 10−3 1.79 x10−3m

x10−2 10−3 10−3

Volume, 841.87 845.61 846.32 844.60 844.49 𝑚𝑚3

𝜋𝑑2 𝑙 844.49 x 10−9 𝑚3

v= 4

ANALYSIS

From the experiments, we have found that the reading of the Vernier Caliper is different when

wecompared with the reading of the ruler. This is because, the Vanier Caliper is enables to detect

a veryaccurate reading the ruler. In this experiment, we also found that no zero errors when

carried outthe experiment.

QUESTION

1.State the precautionary steps to avoid errors in the experiment.

Avoid the parallax error by placing the eye such that the line of view is perpendicular to the scale

of the measurement equipment.2.

2.From the experiment 1(a), is there any difference between using ruler and Vernier

Caliper?Give your reason.3.

Yes. Because Vanier Caliper is enables to detect a very accucate readings than ruler.3.

3.What do you understand with consistency and accuracy from experiment 1(b)?

Consistency is the state of being consistence and the thickness or viscosity of a

substance.Accuracy is the capable of or successful in reaching the intended target.

CONCLUSION

From the experiments, we have found that the experiments about the physical quantities and

measurement was successful done according to the procedures.The objective of experiments was

achieved to obtain derived quantities from base quantities.From the result, we have found that

the Vernier Caliper readings are more accurate than the ruler.As the conclusion, the hypothesis

is accepted. Based quantities and derived quantities can bedifferentiated.