Construction Planning, Equipment, and Methods log» Echoverry, director of the Construction Engineering and Man- ‘Zooment Graduate Area in the Dopartmont of Chill and Environmental Enpincring atthe Universidad de los Andes, Bogota, loriny wx killed by a stray bullet on August 24 2008 as he drove home from the sete, Tig tragedy cme Be shock Tomany ofr wha had “vied ad Diego had boon togcther atthe University of we atthe Bel E Webb School of Construction also fecl a deep loss. "Viking Eminent Scholar. He brought a special enthusiaem for com Suction to our stents 1 plead my deep sorow at his passing: he ‘was a trend who greatly Inftuenced my teaching both inthe States {roel Iwas in his nature to help others to succeed and his encour. ‘Sgemont wil be sorely missed. hit Schoxnaydor ‘Aviad ShapiraMachines Make It Possible 1 Bei Competitive 1 The Histor of Consoucon Equipment The Consveton Indy Satay tt 0 The Consatng Environment Planing Bqupment Uilzaion Summary 15 Problems 16 Resources 16 Equipment Economics Inportnt Questions 19 guipmen Recorls 20 The Rent Pi forthe Us of Money 21 Com of Capital 27 19 ‘Bent of Ownership Com 30 "laments of Operating Cost 37 Cot for Bing 40 Replcemen Decisions so Summary 56 Problems 56 Rewores 61 Website Resourses 6 st 28 3 CONTENTS enaeven & Planning for Earthwork Construction 62 Panning 62 (Gephical Presentation of Earthwork 67 anheek Quantities 70 Using the Mass Diagram 79 Pricing Eathwork Operations #7 Summary 89 Problems 59 Website Resouces 92 cuneren Soll and Rock 94 Inuoductin 94 Goss of Teams 95 Sol and Rock Propetics 95, Conticrion Srecinication nano Conon 108 Compaction Tests 106, Soil Prcesing 109 Summary 118 Problems 115 Resouroes 117 Website Resouces 117 cuarren S Compaction and Stat Equipment” 118. Compaction of Soll and Rock 118 essay ofTems 119 Types of Compacting Eauipment 120 Roller Production Etinaing 130 lizationStblizng Soils with Lime 133 Cement Soil Stailiztion 135 ‘Summary 138 Problems 139 Resources 139 ‘Webnite Resources 140 cnarren © ‘Mobile Equipment Power Requirements 141 Genera Information 141 Requted Powe 12 ‘Avalble Power 19 Usble Power 155 Performance Chars 159 ‘Summary 166 Problems 166, Resouces 170 Website Resouces 170 cuarten 7. Dozers 171 Toaroduction 171 Piste Mareen 177 Gene lformation 177 Project Employrent 182 Doser Preducdon Estmtng 184 ‘Dore Production Estimating Fmst 190 Dover Sates 195 ‘and-Clarng Operations 195 {and.Cleang Production Estimating 19) Rurnse Rock 208, Rippers 205, Ripper Atachments 208 ‘Rippon Production Estites 211 ‘Summary 214 Probleme 214 Resoures 218 Website Resouces 218 cuarren & ‘Scrapers 219 Gener Information 219 Scraper Types 220 ‘Scraper Operation 226 ‘Scraper Peformance Chats 227 ‘Scraper Production Cycle 230 ‘Scrsper Prodcton Estimating Format 231 Operational Considerations 245 Scraper Safety 247 Summary 248 Problems 248 Resoares 250 Website Resources 251 cuarren & Excavators 252 ideale Beavaors 282 Frost Shows 256 Genera Information Shovels 256 Hos 264 Genera nfrmaton: Hose 264 LLonnens 274 (Genera Information: Draglines snd Clashes om Dragloes 285 CClamsbell Exeavators 297 AAncttzany Excavsrons | 303 Backhoe Loaders 303 “Trench Safety 304 Sommary 36 Problems 307 Website Resources 310 cnarren 10 Trucks and Hauting Equipment Treks 312 [ight Frame RearDump Trucks 314Articulated Rear-Dump Treks 315 ‘Tracers with Botom-Dunp Tralers 316 (Cape of Treks and Hing Bgipment 317 “Track ize Affects Productivity 219 (Clealating Track Predactiy 320, Prdbetioe sues 327 Tires 328 “Truck Performance Calelons 330 “Tek Satey 336 ‘Summary 387 Probleme 337 Rewureer 359 Website Resouces 30 crarren 14 Finishing Equipment 341 Inodacion 34 ravens M1 Genel Iformation 3 Grater Operations 348 Tine Estimates 349 Fine Grading roducon 250 Grider GPS Control 35t (Geer Sey 352 Gmanis 33 (Genera Inoemstion 353 Safey 354 ‘Tennss 354 Genera Information 354 Operation 354 Production 356 Summary 356 Problems 356 Resources 357 Website Resorces 358 onarren 12 Drilling Rock and Earth 359 Inzoduction 359 Glory of riling Terms 360 Dail Bis 363 Rock Drill 264 Driling Methods and Production 368 stating Dring Proction 372 (GPS and Computer Monitoring Systems 380 Dring Sa" 38 Removsl of Cains 382 Trenchless Teclogy 383 Satay 388 ‘Summary 389 Problems 399 Rewurces 92 ‘Webnie Resoncees 392 cnarren 13, Blasting Rock 394 lasing. 394 Glossary of Bstng Terms 396 {Commercial Explosives 397 NFO 400 Primers and Roosters 402 Inating Systems 02 Rock Fagen 40 Blast Design 45 Poder Factor 417 “Tench Rock 419 Breakage Contol Techniques 419 Vibration 422 Satay 423 Summary £25 Problems 425 Resources 28 Website Resouces 428 cuaeren 14 Aggregate Production 429 Tnueductien 29 Panricu: Size Reovcrion 431 General information 431 Jay Crosters 32 Gyrary Casess 438Rolt Craters 482 Innpact Crises 446 Special Agaregue Processing Units 448 Feeders 09 Serge Pile 450 Casing Equipment Selection 451 Seraration sy70 PARDCLE ‘Sie RaNoEs 454 Seaping Cashed Stone 454 Screning Agrezae 455 (Onnen AcouncaTe Process "sss 46 Lag Washers 460 Segregation 461 Salo 461 ‘Summary 462 Problems 463. Resources 465 Website Resorees 465 cuarren 15. Asphalt Mix Production and Placement. 466 neocon 405 GGowsary of Aspe Terms 487 Secure of phat Pavements 469 Flexible Pavements 470, ‘Asphalt Concrete 477 Asmar Pras 478 General ltormation 478 Buch Plans 478 Drom Mix Plants 486 Dist Collectors 485, ‘Apal Storage snd Heating 89 Reclaning and Reeycling 48) PAVING EQUIPMENT #92 SweepefBroom 482 aul Tracks 182 ‘Ahalt Disuibues 493 ‘Acphalt Pavers 496 Compaction Equipment 02 suey 508 Summary 509 Problems 509 Rewurces S11 Website Resouces $12 cuarren 16 Spperete and Concrete Equipment Intron Butchng Concrete Mtesals S16 ‘Minas Concerts $20 (Concrete Mixing Techniques $22 ‘Ready Mited Conte 527 Ceir-Mixed Concrete 531 PLAcNe Conenire 533 Basket 533 ‘Manual er Mew Propelled Buggies 53 (Chutes and Drop Pipes 535 Belt Conveyors” 535, Concrete amps 536 ‘Consonmarie AND Fisstine S45 Consolidating Concree 545 Faishing and Curing Concrete 549 Coxeusrs Pavers 352 Slinfor Paving 852 Paving Production 538 Avwrnions APPLICATIONS 1D CONSIDERATION. 560 Placing Cont in Cold Weather $60 ising Conte in Hot Weather 560 Seren S60 Pumping Concrete 560 Summary 561 Problems 562 Rescues 568 Website Resources 565cuavren 47, Cranes 567 Major Grane Types 567 Mom Crass 569 Crawler Cranes 569 “Telescoping Boom Truck-Mounts Cranes $72 Latics Bom Truck Monto! Cranes 573, Roug-Terain Cranes 572 Al-Tein Capes 575 Modified Cranes for Heavy Ling 576 Gate Boome 578 Ling Capacities of Cranes 578 Rated Loads for Late nd Telescoping Boom ‘Caner 579 ‘Working Ranges of Cranes 583 ‘Town Cranes S80 Classification 584 Operation 589 ‘Tower Crane Selection 597 Rated Lone for Tower Cates 599 acene «a2 Rigging Basics 2 Slings 605 Samer 66 Crane Accidents 606 Safety Plans end Programs 68, Zanes of Responsibility 60 Sammy 611 Probleme 612 Resour 613, Website Resources 614 cnarren 18, los and Pilo-Drving Equipment Iniodstion 616 Giomary of Teme 616, Purves 618 (Cusieaton of Piles 618 Timber Pies 619 Concrete Pes 621 Stel Pes 627 Compete Pls 628 ‘Shoot ies 629 Davin Puss 638 ‘The Reistince of Piles to Pension 634 Sie Investigation spd Test Pils Program 635 Pile Hammers 637 ‘Supporting and Postonng Pils duing Driving ‘or Jeuing Pies 650 Shudding and Presgeing 650 Hamme Selection 651 PieDrving Safety 653 Swany 654 Problems 655 Resources 655 WensiteResoarces 656 ouarren 19) ‘Air Compressors and Pumps 657 Suppor Euipment 657 Glonary of Air Compresor Terms 661 Ar Compasses 662 ‘Comprstd-AirDistibaton System 665 Dives Factor 671 Silay 672 guusazer ror Posen Waren 674 Tnteducton 673. Giossary of Pring Texms 674 Chasifiaion of Pamps 675 Cental Pumps 676 Lass of ead Dae o Friction in Pipe 682 Reber Hose 683 Sekcing Pam 684 Walia Syste 686 Deep Wels” 689Summary 689 Probiems 690 Revues 62 ‘Website Resoares 693 cuarren 20 Planning for Building Construction 694 Ineraction 694 Site Layout 696 Delivery of Structural Components 703 ‘Stel Erion 708 ‘ik-UpComsracion 706 Linn ano Scrront Tourvaee 710 Canes 710 Aerial Work Pstforms 714 Integrated Tool Cares 716 Telescope HapilersFodits 718 Generators 720 Welding Equipment 722 Coro oF Constavcrion Nuss 72S Constucton Noie 725, Noise Mitigation 727 Lighting 731 Dist 731 ‘Summary 732 Problems 733 Resources 734 Website Resources 735 24 Forming Systems 737 Former ad the Project Engineer 739 Formwork Design 741 Formwork Boonies 745 Verizal Systems 752 Horizontal Systems 760 Combined Vertical and Horizontal Systems “68 Shoring Towers 701 Sate 779 Summary 780 Problems 781 Resources 782 Website Resources 783 areewoin A Alphabotical List of Units with Their SI Names and Conversion Factors 785 Selected English-to-S! Conversion Factors 737 arrenpix © Selected U.S. Customary (Enalish) Unit Equivalents 788 srrewoix Selected Metri Equivalents Index 790