Mamata Banerjee

Mamata Banerjee (Bengali: [mɔmota bɔndoˈpaddʱˈae̯ ] born 5 January 1955[2]) is

Mamata Banerjee
an Indian politician who has served as the 8th and current Chief Minister of West
Bengal since 2011 being the first woman to hold the office. She founded the party
All India Trinamool Congress (AITC or TMC) in 1998 after separating from the
Indian National Congress, and became its chairperson.[3] She is often referred to as
Didi (meaning: elder sister in Hindi and Bengali).[4][5]

Banerjee has previously served twice as theMinister of Railways, the first woman to
do so.[6] She is also the first female Minister of Coal, and Minister of State for
Human Resource Development, Youth Affairs, Sports, Women and Child
Development in the cabinet of the Indian government.[7] She rose to prominence
after opposing the erstwhile land acquisition policies for industrialisation of the
Communist government in West Bengal for Special Economic Zones at the cost of
agriculturalists and farmers at Singur.[8] In 2011 Banerjee pulled off a landslide 8th Chief Minister of West Bengal
victory for the TMC Congress alliance in West Bengal, defeating the 34-year-old Incumbent
Communist Party of India (Marxist)- led Left Front government, the world's longest-
[9][10][11]
Assumed office
serving democratically elected communist government in the process.
20 May 2011
In 2012, Time magazine named her as one of the 100 Most Influential People in the Governor M. K. Narayanan
World.[12] Bloomberg Markets magazine listed her among the 50 most influential Devanand Konwar
people in the world of financein September 2012.[13] In 2018, she was conferred the D. Y. Patil
Skoch Chief Minister of the Year Award.[14] Keshari Nath
Tripathi
Preceded by Buddhadeb
Contents Bhattacharjee
Chairperson of the All India
Early life and education Trinamool Congress
Early political career, 1984–2011 Incumbent
Political career with Congress
Founding Trinamool Congress Assumed office
Railway Minister (first tenure) 1 January 1998
Alliance with NDA Preceded by Office established
Alliance with UPA
Minister of Railways
Nandigram protests
2009 Indian election In office
Railway Minister (second tenure) 22 May 2009 – 19 May 2011

Chief Minister of West Bengal Prime Minister Manmohan Singh

First term, 2011–16 Preceded by Lalu Prasad Yadav
Second term, 2016–present
Succeeded by Dinesh Trivedi
Controversies
Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha
Personal life
In office
In popular culture
1991–2011
See also
Preceded by Biplab Dasgupta
References
Succeeded by Subrata Bakshi
External links
 Constituency Kolkata Dakshin

Early life and education In office

1984–1989
Banerjee was born in Calcutta (now Kolkata), West Bengal to a Bengali
Preceded by Somnath
family.[15][16] Her parents were Promileswar Banerjee and Gayetri Devi.[17]
Chatterjee
Banerjee's father, Promileswar died due to lack of medical treatment, when she was
17.[18] She identifies herself as aHindu.[19] Succeeded by Malini
Bhattacharya
In 1970, Banerjee completed the higher secondary board examination from Constituency Jadavpur, West
Deshbandhu Sishu Sikshalay.[18] She did her Bachelor's in History from the Bengal
Jogamaya Devi College, Kolkata.[20][21] Later she earned her Master's degree in
Member of West Bengal
Islamic history[22] from the University of Calcutta. This was followed by a degree in Legislative Assembly
Education from the Shri Shikshayatan College and a Law degree from the Jogesh Incumbent
Chandra Chaudhuri Law College, Kolkata.[23] She also received an honorary
Assumed office
doctorate from Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology, Bhubaneswar.[24] She
28 September 2011
was also honoured with a Doctorate of Literature (D.Litt.) degree by the Calcutta
University.[25]
Preceded by Subrata Bakshi
Constituency Bhabanipur
Banerjee became involved with politics when she was only 15. While studying at the
Personal details
Jogamaya Devi College she established Chhatra Parishad Unions, the student's wing
of the Congress (I) Party, defeating the Democratic Students’ Union of the Socialist Born Mamata Banerjee
Unity Centre of India.[18] She continued in Congress (I) Party in West Bengal 5 January 1955[1]
serving a variety of positions within the party and in other local political Kolkata, West
organizations. Bengal, India
Nationality Indian
Banerjee is a self-taught painter and a poet.[26][27] Her 300 paintings were sold for
Political party All India Trinamool
₹9crore.[28]
Congress (1998–
present)
Early political career, 1984–2011 Other political Indian National
affiliations Congress (Before
Political career with Congress 1998)

Banerjee began her political career Residence Kolkata, West

in the Congress party as a young Bengal, India
woman in the 1970s She quickly Alma mater Jogamaya Devi
rose in the ranks of the local College, University
Congress group, and remained the of Calcutta
general secretary of Mahila Occupation Politician
Congress (I), West Bengal, from
Profession Politician
1976 to 1980.[29] In the 1984
general election, Banerjee became Website Government
Banerjee assumes the charge of the one of India's youngest website
Minister for Coal and Mines in New
parliamentarians ever, defeating
Delhi on January 9, 2004
veteran Communist politician Somnath Chatterjee, to win the Jadavpur
parliamentary Constituency in West Bengal. She also became the general secretary
of the Indian Youth Congress. Losing her seat in the 1989 general elections in an anti-Congress wave, she was reelected in the 1991
general elections, having settled into the Calcutta South constituency. She retained the Kolkata South seat in the 1996, 1998, 1999,
2004 and 2009 general elections.[30]
Banerjee was appointed the Union Minister of State for Human Resources
Development, Youth Affairs and Sports, and Women and Child Development in
1991 by prime minister P. V. Narasimha Rao. As the sports minister, she announced
that she would resign, and protested in a rally at the Brigade Parade Ground in
Kolkata, against the Government's indifference towards her proposal to improve
sports in the country.[31] She was discharged of her portfolios in 1993. In April
1996, she alleged that Congress was behaving as a stooge of the CPI-M in West
Bengal. She claimed that she was the lone voice of reason and wanted a "clean
Congress".[32]
Mamata Banerjee at Ramakrishna
Mission Vivekananda Centre for
Human Excellence and Social
Founding Trinamool Congress
Sciences, Rajarhat, New Town,
In 1997, Banerjee left the Congress Party in Kolkata
West Bengal and established the All India
Trinamool Congress. It quickly became the
primary opposition party to the long-standing Communist government in the state. On 11
December 1998, she controversially held a Samajwadi Party MP, Daroga Prasad Saroj, by the
collar and dragged him out of the well of the Lok Sabha to prevent him from protesting
against the Women's Reservation Bill.[33]

In 1999, she joined the BJP-led National Democratic Alliance (NDA) government and was
allocated the Railways Ministry.[30]

Mamata Banerjee speaking Railway Minister (first tenure)

to the elected members and In 2002, Banerjee presented her first Railway Budget. In it she fulfilled many of her promises
party workers at Bongaon to her home state West Bengal.[34] She introduced a new biweekly New Delhi-Sealdah
stadium after the West
Rajdhani Express train and four express trains connecting various parts of West Bengal,
Bengal panchayat elections.
namely the Howrah-Purulia Rupasi Bangla Express, Sealdah-New Jalpaiguri Padatik Express,
Shalimar-Adra Aranyak Express and the Sealdah-Amritsar Superfast Express (weekly).[34]
She also increased the frequency of the Pune-Howrah Azad Hind Express and the extension of at least three express train services.
[35]
Work on the Digha-Howrah Express service was also hastened during her brief tenure.

She also focused on developing tourism, enabling the Darjeeling Himalayan Railway section to obtain two additional locomotives
and proposing the Indian Railway Catering and Tourism Corporation Limited. She also commented that India should play a pivotal
role in the Trans-Asian Railway and that rail links between Bangladesh and Nepal would be reintroduced. In all, she introduced 19
new trains for the 2000–2001 fiscal year.[35]

In 2000, she and Ajit Kumar Panja resigned to protest the hike in petroleum prices,[36] and then withdrew their resignations without
providing any reasons.[37]

Alliance with NDA

In early 2001, after Tehelka's exposure of Operation West End,[38] Banerjee walked out of the NDA cabinet and allied with the
Congress Party for West Bengal's 2001 elections, to protest the corruption charges levelled by the website against senior ministers of
the government.[39]

She returned to the NDA government in January 2004, and held the Coal and Mines portfolios till the Indian general election of 20
est Bengal.[30]
May 2004, in which she was the only Trinamool Congress member to win a Parliamentary seat from W
On 20 October 2005, she protested against the forceful land acquisition and the atrocities perpetrated against local farmers in the
name of the industrial development policy of the Buddhadeb Bhattacharjeegovernment in West Bengal. Benny Santoso, CEO of the
Indonesia-based Salim Group had pledged a large investment in West Bengal, and the West Bengal government had given him
farmland in Howrah, sparking protests. In soaking rain, Banerjee and other Trinamool Congress members stood in front of the Taj
Hotel where Santoso had arrived, shut out by the police. Later, she and her supporters followed Santoso's convoy. A planned "black
[40][41]
flag" protest was avoided, when the government had Santoso arrive three hours ahead of schedule.

Banerjee suffered further setbacks in 2005 when her party lost control of the Kolkata Municipal Corporation and the sitting mayor
defected from her party. In 2006, the Trinamool Congress was defeated in West Bengal's Assembly Elections, losing more than half
of its sitting members.

On 4 August 2006, Banerjee hurled her resignation papers at the deputy speaker Charanjit Singh Atwal in Lok Sabha. She was
provoked by Speaker Somnath Chatterjee's rejection of her adjournment motion on illegal infiltration by Bangladeshis in West
Bengal[42][43][44] on the grounds that it was not in the proper format.
[45][46]

In November 2006, Banerjee was forcibly stopped on her way to Singur for a rally against a proposed Tata Motors car project.
Banerjee reached the West Bengal assembly and protested at the venue. She addressed a press conference at the assembly and
announced a 12-hour shutdown by her party on Friday.[47] The Trinamool Congress MLAs protested by damaging furniture and
microphones in the West Bengal Assembly.[47][48] A major strike was called on 14 December 2006.

Alliance with UPA

Before the 2009 parliamentary elections she forged an alliance with the United
Progressive Alliance (UPA) led by Indian National Congress. The alliance won 26
seats. Banerjee joined the central cabinet as the railway minister (second tenure). In
the 2010 Municipal Elections in West Bengal, TMC won Kolkata Municipal
Corporation by a margin of 62 seats. TMC also won Bidhan Nagar Corporation by a
seven-seat margin.[49] In 2011, Banerjee won a sweeping majority and assumed the
Mamata Banerjee, Chief Minister
position of chief minister of the state of West Bengal. Her party ended the 34-year
Government of West Bengal
rule of the Left Front.
speaking at an event in London.
TMC threatened to withdraw support from UPA in protest at the government's
decision to allow foreign direct investment(FDI) in retail markets, and also against a
hike of petrol diesel prices and gave a deadline of 72 hours to withdraw the reforms. On 18 September 2012, Banarjee declared her
party had withdrawn support from the UPA and ran independently. The TMC's minister submitted her resignation on 21 September
2012.

Nandigram protests
The Nandigram violence was an incident in Nandigram, West Bengal where, a battalion of armed police stormed the rural area in the
district of Purba Medinipur with the aim of quashing protests against the West Bengal government’s plans to expropriate 10,000 acres
(40 km2) of land for a Special Economic Zone (SEZ) to be developed by the Indonesian-based Salim Group. At least 14 villagers
were shot dead and 70 more were wounded. This led to a lar .[50][51][52]
ge number of intellectuals to protest on the streets.

Banerjee wrote letters to Indian Prime Minister Manmohan Singh and Union Home Minister Shivraj Patil to stop what she called
"state sponsored violence" promoted by CPI(M) in Nandigram. Her political activism during the movement is widely believed to be
one of the contributing causes to her landslide victory in 201
1.

The CBI report on the incident clearly vindicated CPI(M)'s stand that Buddhadeb did not order the police to open fire. They did so
[53][54]
only to disperse the unlawful assembly after every other standard operating procedure had failed.

2009 Indian election

Trinamool Congress performed well in the 2009 parliamentary election, winning 19 seats. Its allies in congress and SUCI also won
six and one seat respectively marking the best performance by any opposition party in West Bengal since the beginning of the Left's
regime. Until then, the Congress victory of 16 seats in 1984, was considered their best show in opposition.

Railway Minister (second tenure)

W Bengal.[55]
In 2009, Mamata Banerjee became the railway minister for the second time. Her focus was again on est

She led Indian Railways to introduce a number of non-stop Duronto Express trains connecting large cities[56] as well as a number of
other passenger trains,[57] including women-only trains.[58][59][60] The Anantnag-Qadigund segment of the Jammu–Baramulla line
that had been in the making since 1994[61] was inaugurated during her tenure.[62] She also declared the 25 km (16 mi) long line-1 of
the Kolkata Metro as an independent zone of the Indian Railways[63] for which she was criticised.[64]

She stepped down as railway minister to become the chief minister of West Bengal. She commented: "The way I am leaving the
railways behind, it will run well. Don’t worry, my successor will get all my support."[65] Her nominee from her party, Dinesh Trivedi,
succeeded her as railway minister.

Banerjee's tenure as railway minister was subsequently questioned as most of the big-ticket announcements made by her when she
held the post, saw little or no progress.[66] Reuters reported that "Her two-year record as railway minister has been heavily criticized
for running the network into more debt to pay for populist measures such as more passenger trains."[67] The Indian Railways became
loss-making during her two-year tenure.[68]

Chief Minister of West Bengal

First term, 2011–16

In 2011, the All India Trinamool Congress along with SUCI and the Indian National
Congress won the West Bengal legislative assembly election against the incumbent
Left Alliance by securing 227 seats. TMC won 184 seats with the INC winning 42
seats and the SUCI secured one seat. This marked the end of the longest ruling
democratically elected Communist party in the world.

Mamata Banerjee, Chief Minister
Government of West Bengal shown
at an event in London on 27 July
2015.
Banerjee was sworn in as chief minister of West Bengal on 20 May 2011. As the
first female chief minister of West Bengal, one of her first decisions was to return
400 acres of land to Singur farmers. "The cabinet has decided to return 400 acres to
unwilling farmers in Singur," the chief minister said. "I have instructed the
department to prepare the papers for this. If Tata-babu (Ratan Tata) wants, he can set
up his factory on the remaining 600 acres, otherwise we will see how to go about
it."[69]

She has also been credited in resolving the longstanding Gorkhaland related violence by setting up the Gorkhaland Territorial
Administration.[70]

She began various reforms in the education and health sectors. Some of the reforms in the education sector included the release of
teachers' monthly pay on the first of every month[71][72] and quicker pensions for retiring teachers.[73] In the health sector Banerjee
promised: "A three-phase developmental system will be taken up to improve the heath infrastructure and service."[74] On 30 April
2015, a representative ofUNICEF India congratulated the government for makingNadia the first Open Defecation Free district in the
country.[75] In a statement on 17 October 2012, Banerjee attributed the increasing incidence of rape in the country to "more free
interaction between men and women". She said that "Earlier if men and women would hold hands, they would get caught by parents
and reprimanded but now everything is so open. It’s like an open market with open options." She was criticised in the national media
for these statements.[76]
She was also instrumental in the rollback of the petrol price hikes[77] and the suspension of FDI in the retail sector until a consensus
is evolved.[78] In a bid to improve the law and enforcement situation in West Bengal, police commissionerates were created at
Howrah, Barrackpore, Durgapur-Asansol and Bidhannagar. The total area of Kolkata Municipal Corporation has been brought under
the control of the Kolkata Police.

Banerjee had shown a keen interest in making the public aware of the state's history and culture. She named several stations of the
Kolkata Metro after freedom fighters,[79] and plans on naming upcoming stations after religious leaders, poets, singers and the
like.[80] Mamata Banerjee has been criticized for starting controversial stipends to imams (Iman Bhatta)[81][82][83] which was ruled
unconstitutional by Calcutta High Court.[84][85][86]

On 16 February 2012, Bill Gates, of the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, sent a
letter to the West Bengal government praising Banerjee and her administration for
achieving a full year without any reported cases of polio. The letter said this was not
[87]
only a milestone for India but also for the whole world.

Priti Patel, Minister for Employment
and UK Indian Diaspora Champion
meeting Mamata Banerjee, Chief
Minister Government of West Bengal
in London.
In June 2012, she launched a Facebook page to rally and gather public support for
A.P.J Abdul Kalam, her party's choice for the presidential elections.[88] After he
refused to stand for the second time, she supported Pranab Mukherjee for the post,
after a long tussle over the issue, commenting she was personally a "great fan" of
[89]
Mukherjee and wishing that he "grows from strength to strength".
She is against calling bandhs (work stoppage) although actively supported them
when she was in opposition.[90]

Her tenure was also heavily marred by the Saradha Scam - a financial embezzlement
which led to the imprisonment of Madan Mitra - a former minister in her cabinet, Kunal Ghosh-a party MP, and rigorous grilling of
several party men holding important posts.

Second term, 2016–present

West Bengal Legislative Assembly election, 2016 was held for 294 seats (out of 295 seats) of the Vidhan Sabha in the state of West
Bengal in India. All India Trinamool Congress won the elections with a landslide two-third majority under Mamata Banerjee winning
211 seats out of total 293,[91] who has been elected as Chief Minister West Bengal for the second term.[92] All India Trinamool
Congress won with an enhanced majority contesting alone and became the first ruling party to win without an ally since 1962 in West
Bengal. In October 2016, the West Bengal government banned the Durga Puja festival immersion after 4:00 pm. Durga Puja was to
take place on 12 October andMuharram on 13 October. This was seen by a section of theWest Bengal population as another example
of the "Muslim Appeasement" policy of Banerjee's government. The Calcutta High Court overturned the decision and called it "a bid
to appease minorities".[93][94][95]

Controversies
The Saradha Group financial scandal and the Rose Valley financial scandal came to light during her tenure and some of her cabinet
ministers were accused of money laundering and have been incarcerated.[96] One of her paintings was also sold to Sudipto Sen
(central figure in the Saradha scam) for ₹1.8crore, while 20 more of her pictures were seized from other Saradha Group
shareholders.[97][98][99][100][101] She has been criticised by opposition parties for not taking adequate steps against her own ministers
who tried to cover-up their deeds.[102][103][104][105][106][107][108]

The Narada sting operation was carried out by Mathew Samuel in 2011 for the Indian newsmagazine Tehelka and published on
Naradanews.com just before the 2016 West Bengal Assembly elections. The sting targeted high-ranking officials and politicians of
Banerjee's political party All India Trinamool Congress (AITC).[109][110]
During her tenure she challenged the federal system of India when she ordered the arrest of CBI officials, who arrived in Kolkata to
investigate the Saradha Group financial scandal.[111]

Personal life
Throughout her political life, Banerjee has maintained a publicly austere lifestyle, dressing in simple traditional Bengali clothes and
avoiding luxuries.[112][113] In an interview in April 2019, Prime minister Narendra Modi claimed that despite their political
differences, Banerjee sends her own selectedkurtas and sweets to him every year.[114]

In popular culture
[115][116][117][118][119]
Baghini, a Bengali film, based on her life, is scheduled to release on 24 May 2019.

See also
Ma Mati Manush

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External links
Official website (Chief Minister's office)
Official page on Trinamool Congress Party's website
Profile at BBC News
 Lok Sabha
Member of Parliament
Preceded by Succeeded by
for Jadavpur
Somnath Chatterjee Malini Bhattacharya
1984 – 1989
Member of Parliament
Preceded by Succeeded by
for Kolkata Dakshin
Biplab Dasgupta Subrata Bakshi
1991 – 2011

Political offices
Preceded by Union Minister of Railways Succeeded by
Ram Naik 13 October 1999 - 15 March 2001 Nitish Kumar
Preceded by Union Minister without portfolio Succeeded by
N/A 15 March 2001 - 8 January 2004 N/A
Preceded by Union Minister of Mines Succeeded by
Ram Vilas Paswan 9 January 2004 - 22 May 2004 B.K. Handique
Preceded by Union Minister of Railways Succeeded by
Lalu Prasad Yadav 26 May 2009 – 26 May 2011 Dr. Manmohan Singh
Preceded by Chief Minister of West Bengal
Incumbent
Buddhadeb Bhattacharjee 20 May 2011 – present

Party political offices

President
Preceded by
All India Trinamool Congress Incumbent
office Established
1 January 1998 – present

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