Sociology Planner

SOCIOLOGY
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THE RIGHT APPRAOCH TO

SOCIOLOGY OPTIONAL PREPARATION
by Vikash Ranjan
Civil Services MAINS examination – has undergone tremendous changes in terms of SYLLABUS Pattern as
well as QUESTION pattern. It was believed that with the change in Main examination pattern GENERAL STUDIES
will gain importance as it consists of 1000 marks out of 1750. But the MAINS SCORE of Successful Candidates tells
us different story. If we analyse their Mains MARKS-SHEET we ind that it is the Marks of the OPTIONAL PAPER
that helped them inding a place in the inal list. Hence, we can say that choosing a right optional is crucial to get
good marks in Main examination.
Choosing OPTIONAL subjects in Civil Services Examination is one of the most debated topics among the
beginner IAS aspirants. Students believe that certain Optional subjects are more scoring than others, more
performing than other subjects in past Few years, help more in General Studies than other subjects etc. But choosing
Optional Papers should not be based on these subjective aspects. Rather it should be based on some objective
criterion, Nature, Scope and Size of the Syllabus, Uniformity and stability in Question Pattern, Relevance of
the Syllabic content in day today life in Society, availability of study material and guidance etc. Remember,
approach of UPSC is different from your academic studies, before choosing the optional you need to do a careful
analysis of SYLLABUS, PREVIOUS YEARS PAPERS, REQUIREMENTS of SUBJECTS (Ideal, visionary, Numerical,
Conceptual Theoretical), COMFORT LEVEL with the subject and PAST TRENDS should be done. A wrong decision
may prove to be disastrous hence you should be careful while choosing your Optional. The basis for the selection of
any optional subject could be :
• Speci ically de ined and comparatively small syllabus,
• Interesting and short subject,
• Uniformity and stability in Question Pattern,
• Relevance of the Syllabic
• Scoring nature of the subject
• Easy availability of study material
• Availability of experienced guide.
The syllabus of Sociology is relatively short as well as well de ined. The study material is easily available
and compact in nature. Being a popular and scoring optional subject has got easy availability of experienced
guides. The scienti ic and logical nature of the subject helps to prepare the subject for main examination within
comparatively less time. Three months preparation is suf icient to cover the whole syllabus with proper
understanding and well knit writing skill. This helps the candidates for the preparation of Essay and General Studies
papers with “extra time”. Thus the Sociology is a popular and successful optional subject for the main examination.
IN THE CHANGED SCENARIO of Civil Services Examination, SOCIOLOGY has emerged as most suitable
subject that is attached in all the four papers of General Studies. Out of the total topics mentioned in general studies
syllabus, at least one- third is covered under sociology. It is, of course, more scoring. The portion Indian Society is
very much related to the day to day observation. So the study of Sociology as an optional subject is very much
helpful for the Social Issues portion of General Studies in the Preliminary and Main examination as well.
The study of Indian Society, speci ically the units of Population Dynamics, Challenges of Social
Transformation, Visions of Social Change in India, Rural and Agrarian transformation in India,
Industrialization and Urbanization in India, Politics and Society, Impact of colonial rule on Indian society,
Tribal communities in India, Religion and Society etc, help the candidates to prepare the ESSAY PAPER with
better understanding of problems and solution aspects with practical approach with difference. Of course, the
practical understanding gives them an edge in INTERVIEW as well, which makes the space sure in the success list.
One of the most important aspect of Sociology is that it has got relevance is the in interview (Personality Test). The
conceptual nature of the subject helps the candidates accommodating and retaining the facts easily.
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Similarly, the syllabus of main examination has got only 13 UNITS in two papers.T he strategic
preparation of the subject requires only 60-70% of the syllabus prepared for writing the answers in the
examination. The strategic preparations with the proper and experienced guidance make the candidates
preparation comparatively effective and easy.
The experienced guidance helps the candidate’s analytical approach to prepare properly in right
direction. These help the candidates to score more in less consumption of time and ensures the WONDER
SPACE in the inal success list. As it has been well said: “Winners do not do different things rather they do
things differently”
Last but not the least and most importantly, the study of Sociology makes you and your performance
more SYSTEMATIC, PRACTICAL, ORGANISED, RELEVANT AND WELL ARTICULATED, in every walk of your
life. As the study Sociology is related to those phenomenon which are commonly re lected in our lives. So the
study of Sociology brings the “difference differently in you which is the REAL WIN”. Your selection is just
the by product of your serious efforts with the Sociology.
SCIENTIFIC APPRAOCH TO SOCIOLOGY

At the Elementary Level…..
• Read the basic (NCERT) books irst, rather than going for guide books journals and foreign authors etc.
What is required as irst step is the mastering of thBeASICS of the subject. So, irst step requires
mastering NCERT BOOKS.
• While reading focus has to be on CONCEPTUAL UNDERSTANDING rather than simply memorizing the
STUDIES AND VIEWS. The Facts are easier to memorize if the concepts are clear.
• Make your lashcard or one register in which all STUDIES AND VIEWS are intact and you can revise
them anytime. Rather than simply collecting new information everyday, focus should be on revising
what you have read so far. Only when that is memorized thoroughly move on the new.
• Even when you are reading the new material, keep in touch to the older study material as well.
This is very important, else during the examination, you will remember that you have read something
like this but “what was it exactly” might not come to your mind except a faint imagTeh. is has to be
checked. The ultimate success depends on not ‘what all you have read’ but ‘how much you retain’. How
far you have practiced by making maps & diagrams as well organizing the matter is very crucial and
should not be neglected at all.
• Analyse the previous years UPSC question patpheorrsoughly and try to chalk out the areas of
the question. Also write down answers of these questions topic wise and identify the mistakes, which
you commit while writing these questions. Do not overlook them and do not lie to yourself that “it was
a careless mistake”. Even if it was a careless mistake like overlooking the word “not” in the question, be
cautious that you should not repeat it in the examination hall. Also analyze your mistake thoroughly
whether it was due to lack conceptual understanding or it was forgetting the studies. Master your
weakness after analyzing them.
• Last but not the least, discuss with your friend. Discussion helps a lot provided it is honest discussion
with the motive to help the other and in turn getting help. Else it can be disastrous as well.
These are broadly some tips, which shall help you in the BASIC PREPARATION. However, what matters
most is the mental calmness and cool, which you maintain in the examination hall. Do not panic if you do not
know any question. Apply your mind. Though not always, bum t ost of the times the question can be
rightly solved if one maintains cool and analyses it logically.

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Vikash Ranjan
At the Advance Level……..

I would like to reiterate what I have said earlier also – “Winners do not do different things, they do
things differently’.
The funda is putting you in the shoes of examiner. A little understanding of the psychology of the examiner,
this can be done by putting yourself in the examiner’s place. What you would like in any answer sheet? Clarity
of thought, lucidity, good content, well expressed language. In short, good Communication Skill (Written
Communication) so that the answer script could speak itself.
The reason why I began with writing skill is that it is the most important in the preparation
for the Mains Examination. There are many intelligent students, well versed with knowledge about
their subject matter and yet they do not score in the Main Examination. Why? Of course, luck and
destiny is there, but another reason is faulty writing skill.
Thus Civil Services Examination requires a two-pronged strategy to hit the target Content and Writing
Skill. Now I will take up both these components in detail.
CONTENT :
• Conceptual (Theoretical) understanding- clarity of thought.
• Factual –Observational Understanding.
• Manipulating the facts and observation and theories- power of assimilation.
• Something new, in terms of the knowledge base or linkages or diagrams etc.
• Sensitivity towards society- interpersonal skill etc.
• Conceptual understanding – of the subject is most important. Give a smart interpretation to the concepts
and relate it with mundane example for long term memory.
• Facts and observations – After conceptual understanding, the second step is memorizing the important
facts. For example – some important theoretical aspects are to be memorized to attempt any question
related to the spatial analysis of the matter.
• Manipulating the facts and theories: Facts and Theories should be used according to the requirement
of the question.
• Something New – New diagrams, new ideas, original ideas, new content, latest studies, inter linkages
etc. must be provided. However, one has to be cautious that a balance is maintained and the ideas are not
too radical. Also it should be well integrated with the answer.
• Sensitivity towards society: Give examples from society.
WRITING SKILLS :
• Be short and precise and effective.
• Writing should be legible and neat.
• Grammatical errors must not be committed.
• Simple and expressive language
• Neat diagrams, whenever it is required to give precision to your answer.
• Writing skill does not mean a decorative language, having extra-ordinary vocabulary. It means that
the ideas should be well expressed in a lucid manner. Simple but a speaking Language is the demand
i.e. the answer sheet should speak out everything for itself with requisite words, depends on the nature
of the subject matter. There should be no ambiguity in the answers.
• Writing Skill comes through practice. Writing skill is also based on your knowledge treasure and
conceptual understanding. This only can give low and lucidity to your answers. The conceptual
understanding will make you answer well organized and well integrated.

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Thus, writing skill and content both should complement and supplement each other. Writing skill has its
base in content and content needs writing skill to be well expressed. There are few rules for Effective
Presentation (Principles) of Answers. These are:
• Underline the Key words and the latest studies that you have incorporated in your answer.
• Highlight the Theories, Sociological studies, Facts, Thinkers name and approaches in the ield, etc. if
you have quoted them in you answer.
• Make some lucid diagrams to make your presentation effective. But remember that the diagrams need
to be well integrated with the answer. You can do this by simply incorporating a statement like – this
can be diagrammatically represented as follows. The diagrams must be explained.
• Each topic has some key words and the examiner expects you to write them.
• Another, crucial factor which many of us tend to overlook is the selection of the irst question.
Remember. “FIRST IMPRESSION IS THE LAST IMPRESSION”, hence your irst answer should be your
best answer, i.e. one in which you have command and also have SOMETHING NEW to give – in the form
of linkages, social relevance, diagrams, etc.
• Try to integrate the statement of the question, somewhere in you answer. Either begin with it or end
with it. This makes your answer FOCUSSED and well knit.
• Last, but not the least, just before examinations give your precious three to four hours to those
things which are the dynamic aspects of your preparation. This includes the latest SOCIAL ISSUES,
STUDIES, and Theories etc. Even glancing over these things at the last moment makes them alive and
fresh in your memory (provided you have read them earlier) and they can be reproduced more
authentically in the examination. This will de initely make the Difference.
These are the few ways for fetching good marks in SOCIOLOGY. These are not merely to be memorized
and retold to others, these need to be applied in writing answers. So the thrust should be on writing
answer and evolve and getting them evaluated. The more you practice the better answers you would be
able to write.
Now, I come to the reading list. But remember. “It is not wide reading but useful reading that tends
to excellence”.
USEFUL READINGS FOR SOCIOLOGY:
• NCERT BOOKS
• FUNDAMENTALS OF SOCIOLOGY {golden peacock publication}
• APPLIED SOCIOLOGY {golden peacock publication}
• IGNOU study material.
• SOCIOLOGY (HARLAMBOS)
• INDIAN SOCIAL SYSTEM-RAM AHUJA
• MODERNIZATION OF INDIAN TRADITION-YOGENDRA SINGH
• SOCIALCHANGE IN INDIA-M.N. SRINIWAS
• SOCIAL BACKGROUND OF INDIAN NATIONALISM-A.R. DESAI
• INDIA AFTER INDEPENDENCE: Bipin Chandra or INDIA AFTER GANDHI : Ram Chandra Guha

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SYLLABUS of SOCIOLOGY as per UPSC Noti ication

PAPER-I
FUNDAMENTALS of SOCIOLOGY
1. Sociology - The Discipline: • Dimensions – Social strati ication of class,
• Modernity and social changes in Europe and status groups, gender, ethnicity and race.
emergence of sociology. • Social mobility- open and closed sys-tems,
• Scope of the subject and comparison with types of mobility, sources and causes of
other social sciences. mobility.
• Sociology and common sense. 6. Works and Ec onomic L ife:
2. Sociology as Science: • Social organization of work in differ-ent
• Science, scientific method and critique. types of society- slave society, feu-dal
society, industrial /capitalist soci-ety.
• Major theoretical strands of research
methodology. • Formal and informal organization of work.
• Positivism and its critique. q Fact value and • Labour and society.
objectivity. 7. Politic s and Society:
• Non- positivist methodologies. • Sociological theories of power.
3. Research Methods and Analysis: • Power elite, bureaucracy, pressure groups,
• Qualitative and quantitative methods. q and political parties.
Techniques of data collection. • Nation, state, citizenship, democracy, civil
• Variables, sampling, hypothesis, reliabil-ity society, ideology.
and validity. • Protest, agitation, social movements, col-
4. Sociological Thinkers: lective action, revolution.
• Kar l Marx- Histor ical mater ial ism, mode 8. Religion and Society:
of production, alienation, class struggle. • Sociological t heories of religion.
• Emile Durkheim- Division of labour, social • Types of religious practices: animism,
fact, suicide, religion and society. monism, pluralism, sects, cults.
• Max Weber- Social action, ideal types, • Religion in modern society: religion and
author i ty, bureaucracy, protestant ethic science, secularization, religious reviv-
and the spirit of capitalism. alism, fundamentalism.
• Talcott Parsons- Social system, pattern 9. Systems of Kinship:
variables. • Family, household, marriage.
• Robert K. Merton- Latent and manifest • Types and forms of family.
functions, conformity and deviance, ref- • Lineage and descent.
erence groups. • Patriarchy and sexual division of labour.
• Mead - Self and identity. • Contemporary trends.
5. Stratification and Mobility: 10. Social Change in Mod ern Soc iety:
• Concepts- equality, inequality, hierar-chy, • Sociological theories of social change.
exclusion, poverty and deprivation • Development and dependency.
• Theories of social strati ication- Struc-tural • Agents of social change.
functionali st theory, Marxi st theory, • Education and social change.
Weberian theory. • Science, technology and social change.

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PAPER-II
INDIAN SOCIETY : STRUCTURE AND CHANGE
A. INTRODUCING INDIAN SOCIETY: (ii) Rura l a nd Ag ra ria n tra nsforma tion in
(i) Perspectives on the study of Ind ia n Ind ia:
society: • Programmes of rural development,
• Indology (GS. Ghurye). Community Development Programme,
• Structural functionalism(M.N Srinivas). cooperatives, poverty alleviation schemes.
• Marxist sociology (A R Desai). • Green revolution and social change. q
(ii) Impact of colonial rule on Indian society: Changing modes of production in Indian
• Social background of Indian national-ism. agriculture.
• Modernization of Indian tradition. • Problems of rural labour, bondage,
• Protests and movements during the migration.
colonial period. (iii)Ind ustria liza tion a nd U rba niza tion in
• Social reforms. Ind ia:
• Evolution of modern industry in India. q
B. SOCIAL STRUCTURE:
Growth of urban settlements in India. q
(i) Rural and Agrarian Social Structure:
Working class: structure, growth, class
• The idea of Indian village and village studies.
mobilization.
• Agrarian social structure - evolution of land • Informal sector, child labour.
tenure system, land reforms. • Slums and deprivation in urban areas.
(ii) Caste System: (iv) Politic s and Soc iety:
• Perspectives on the study of caste sys-tems: • Nation, democracy and citizenship.
GS Ghurye, M N Srinivas, Louis Dumont, • Political parties, pressure groups , social
Andre Beteille. and political elite.
• Features of caste system. • Regionalism and decentralization of
• Un touch ability forms and perspectives. power.
(iii)Tribal communities in India: • Secularization
• De initional problems. (v) Social Movements in Mod ern Ind ia:
• Geographical spread. • Peasants and farmers movements. q
• Colonial policies and tribes. Women’s movement.
• Issues of integration and autonomy. • Backward classes & Dalit movement. q
(iv) Social Classes in India: Environmental movements.
• Agrarian class structure. • Ethnicity and Identity movements.
• Industrial class structure. (vi) Population Dy na mic s:
• Middle classes in India. • Population size, growth, composition and
(v) Systems of Kinship in India: distribution.
• Lineage and descent in India. • Components of population growth: birth,
• Types of kinship systems. death, migration.
• Family and marriage in India. • Population policy and family planning.
• Household dimensions of the family. • Emerging issues: ageing, sex ratios, child
and infant mortality, reproductive health.
(vi) Religion and Society:
(vii) Challeng es of Soc ia l Tra nsforma tion:
• Religious communities in India.
Crisis of development :
• Problems of religious minorities.
Displacement, environmental problems
C. SOCIAL CHANGES IN INDIA: and sustainability.
(C) SOCIAL CHANGE • Poverty, deprivation and inequalities.
(i) Visions of Social Change in India: • Violence against women.
• Idea of development planning and mixed • Ethnic con licts, communalism, religious
economy. revivalism.
• Constitution, law and social change. • Illiteracy and disparities in education
Education and social change.
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PREVIOUS YEARS QUESTION PAPERS
SOCIOLOGY PAPER-I
FUNDAMENTALS OF SOCIOLOGY
(1995-2016)
I. SOCIOLOGY - THE DISCIPLINE 18. Is sociology common sense? Give reasons in
1. Write short note on Soci ology as an support of your argument. (10 Marks)(2016)
interpretative discipline. (97/20)
2. Write short note on Sociology as a by II. SOCIOL OGY A S SCIEN CE
product of Industrial Revolution. (99/20) 1. Write short note on Methods of science and
3. Write short note on Sociology and social sociology. (95/20)
anthropology. (00/20) 2. Write short note on sociology.
4. Write short note on Soci ology as an 3. Is it possible to study social phenomenon
interpretative discipline. (0/20) scientifically? Give a critical answer. (97/60)
5. Write short note on Sociology and its 4. Write short note on A good hypothesis. (97/20)
relationship with economics and Political 5. Write short note on Value neutrality in social
science. (05/20) science. (98/20)
6. Write short note on Intellectual background for 6. Write short note on Problem of objectivity in
the emergence of sociology. (06/20) social research. (00/20)
7. How is emergence of sociology linked with 7. Write short note on Sociology as a science. (02/20)
modernization of Europe? (08/60) 8. Write short note on Theory and Fact. (02/20)
8. Comparison Economics. between Sociology 9. Highlight the problem of objectivity and value-
and (09/20) neutrality in Social Research. Elaborate, with
9. “Sociology without History is rootless and suitable examples, the limitations associated
History without Sociology is fruitless.” with the tools of measurement in Social
Elaborate. (10/30) Science Research. (03/60)
10. Emergence of sociology is an outcome of 10. Objectivity and Value Neutrality in Social
modernity and social change in Europe. (11/12) Research. (04/20)
11. What can Sociology show us about our 11. Write short note on Social research design(05/20)
actions? Discuss the practical significance of 12. Write short note on Sociology as a science of
sociology. (11/30) society. (07/20)
12. How d id the French revolut ion and 13. Write short note on Role of values in
Industrial revolution play an important role sociological enquiry. (08/20)
in the emergence of Sociology? (12/ 30) 14. Problems of objectivity in sociological
13. Sociology Emerged in Europe and lourished research. (09/20)
to begin with on social reformist orientation in 15. Comment on the reasons why neoidealists and
the USA. (13/10) symbolic interactionists are critical of
14. Compare and Contrast Sociology with positivism’ in Sociology. (09/30)
Anthropology. (13/10) 16. Fact and Value. (11/12)
15. How is sociological approach to human 17. Interpretative Sociology. (12/12)
actions different from that of psychological 18. Fact Value and Objectivity (12/12)
approach? (10 marks) (2014) 19. Critically Examine positivistic approach in
16. How had Enlightenment contributed to the sociological studies. (13/10)
emergence of Sociology? (10 Marks)(2015) 20. Critically examine the functionalist tradition
17. “Sociology is pre-eminently study of modern in sociology. (13/20)
societies.” Discuss (10 Marks)(2016)
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21. How is objectivity diff erent from value 14. Differentiate between the qualitative and
neutrality? Discuss with reference to Weber’s quantitative methods in Research. (12/20)
views on methodology. (10 marks) (2014) 15. Analyze the limitations of quantitative method
22. In what way ‘interpretative’ method is in social research. (13/20)
different from ‘positivist’ approach in the 16. In what way biographies could be used to
study of social phenomena? study social life? (10 marks) (2014)
(20 marks)(2014) 17. Which research technique would be most
23. Is Sociology a Science ? Give reasons for your suitable for the study of consumer behaviour
answer. and its social correlates? Explain.
24. Examine the problems of maintaining (20 marks)(2014)
objectivity and value neutrality in Social 18. Discuss the relevance of historical method in
Science research. (20 Marks)(2015) the study of society. (10 marks) (2015)
25. “Non-positivistic methodology is essential for 19. What are variables? Discuss their role in
understanding human behaviour.” Discuss. experimental research. (10 marks) (2015)
(20 Marks)(2015) 20. Why is random sampling said to have more
26. What is ‘value-free sociology’? Clarify. reliability and validity in research?
(10 marks) (2016) (20 Marks)(2015)
27. Describe the basic postulates of scienti ic 21. Analyze the importance of qualitative method
method. How far are these followed in in social research. (10 marks) (2016)
sociological research? (20 Marks)(2016) 22. “Hypothesis is a statement of the relationship
III. RESEARCH METHODS AND ANALYSIS between two or more variables.” Elucidate by
1. Write short note on Reliability of a sample giving example of poverty and illiteracy.
(98/20) (10 marks) (2016)
2. Write short note on Limitations of 23. “Participant observation is the most effective
questionnaire as a technique of data collection. tool for collecting facts.” Comment.
(99/20) (20 marks) (2016)
3. What are the uses of Bogardus’ social distance IV. SOCIOLOGICAL THINKERS
scale and of Likert scale? Discuss (02/60) A. KARL MARX
4. Utility of Reliability and Validity in Social 1. “Subjective perception of the objective
Research. (03/20) real ity prepares the context for the
5. What is the importance of sampling in articulation of class antagonism.” Evaluate
sociological studies? Distinguish between this statement with reference of Karl Marx’s
simple random sampling and strati ied random contribution. (95/60)
sampling. (08/60) 2. Write short note on Mode of production.
6. Write short note: Importance and sources of (96//20)
hypotheses in social research. (08/20) 3. Explain the concept of social change.
7. Distinguish between probability and non Critically examine the contribution of Karl
probability sampling methods. How many Marx’s theory of social change. (97/60)
types of sampling designs are there? (09/30) 4. “It is not the consciousness of men that
8. Write short note on Content Analysis.(10/20) determines their being, but on the contrary it is
9. Write short note on Homothetic and their social being that determines their
Idiographic Methods. (10/20) consciousness.” Examine Karl Marx’s notion
10. Write short note on Serendipity. (10/20) of mode of production in the light of this
11. Write short note on Cybernetic Hierarchy of statement. (98/60)
Control. (10/20)
5. Write short note on Alienation. (00/20)
12. Reliability and Validity. (11/12)
6. Explain Karl Marx’s conception of
13. What is subjective method in social research?
class-antagonism. How have the
Examine Focus Group Discussion (FGD) as
technique for data collection, with suitable functionalists reacted to his views? (01/60)
examples. (11/30) 23-B, 3rd Floor Pusa Road, Metro Pillor No. 115,
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7. Write short note on Class-in-itself and 22. Evaluate Marx’s ideas on mode of production.
class-for-itself. (03/20) (10 marks) (2016)
8. Analyze socio-cultural consequences of B. E MI LE DURKHEI M
corruption and suggest remedial measures for 1. Write short note on Social fact. (95/20)
curbing it. (04/60) 2. Write short note on Anomie. (97/20)
9. Write short note on Class struggle a 3. Write short note on Division of labour and
conceived by Karl Marx. (05/20) the differentiation of social structure. (99/20)
10. Explain Karl Marx’s ‘theory of social change’. 4. “Not all facts about human behavior are
What are the reactions of functionalists to necessarily social facts.” State the meaning of
his views? (06/60) ‘social facts’ and the methods of studying
11. Explain Karl Marx’s analysis of capitalistic them with reference to this statement.
mode of production and class-struggle. What (96/60)
are the intellectual reactions to his views? 5. Write short note on Gemeinschaft and
(07/60) Gesellschaft types of communities. (99/20)
12. Comment on the responses of the 6. Emile Durkhei m had argued that the
functionalist-school to Karl Marx’s views on function of division of labour in society is that
social change. (09/30) of the promotion of social solidarity.
13. “Work in capitalism is reduced to mere labour Elaborate the statement and analyze the
in which the individual does not develop distinction between two forms of solidarity
freely his physical and mental energy but discussed by him.
mortifies his body and ruins his mind.” (00/60)
Critically evaluate the assertion. (10/30) 7. What is the focus of sociological analysis in
14. Compare Karl Marx with Emile the contributions of Emile Durkheim? Give
Durkheim wi th reference to the your answer with the help of any one of his
framework of ‘division of labour’. (10/30) contributions. (01/60)
15. Examine Karl Marx’s views on ‘class-in-itself’ 8. Examine the nature of social facts as
and ‘class-for-itself ’ with reference to understood by Durkheim. (02/60)
proletarians. (10/30) 9. Write short note on the sacred and the
16. Sometimes workers do not feel attachment for profane. (02/20)
their work. Marx formed a theory for this 10. Give a Critical Review of Emile Durkheim’s
situation discuss that theory. (12/20) Theory on Religion and Society. To what
17. In Marxian classification of Society, feudal and extent does it explain the contemporary
slave societies are very important. How are scenario in Asia? (04//60)
they different from each other? (12/20) 11. What according to Emile Durkheim is the
18. Analyse Sali ent Features of Historical nature of relationship between the individual
Materialism. (13/10) and society? Explain this with the help of his
19. Compare Karl Marx with analysis of division of labour in society.
Emile Durkheim with reference to the frame (06/ 60)
work of Division of Labour. (13/20) 12. Write short note on Social facts . (07/20)
20. For Marx, class divisions are outcomes of 13. Elaborate Emile Durkheim’s analysis of the
‘exploitation’. Discuss. (10 marks)(2014) Elementary Forms of Religious Life and role
21. According to Marx, capitalism transforms of religion in society. How does the explain
even the personal relationships between men existence of religion in modern industrial
and women. Critically examine with societies? (07/60)
illustrations from the contemporary Indian 14. Subject-matter of Sociology, according to
context. (10 marks) (2014) Emile Durkheim. (09/20)

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15. De ine sect cult and religion. In What way do methods did he suggest for social science
Weber’s views or religion differ from those research? Illustrate your answer with his
of Durkheim? (11/20) sociological contributions. (07/60)
16. Comparative Method. (12/12) 9. Using Max Weber’s theory, discuss what
17. Sacred and Profane. (12/12) ethical and religious ideas produced capitalism
18. Show how Durkheim through the study of in certain societies and how? (08/60)
totemism demonstrates the reality of religion. 10. What, according to Max Weber, is the role of
(12/30) “particular religious ideas” in the emergence
19. ‘Social fact is to be treated as a thing. of Modern capitalism? (09/30)
‘Discuss. (12/20) 11. The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of
20. Identify the similarities and diff erences Capitalism. (11/12)
between Marx’s theory of ‘alienation’ and 12. De ine Ideal Type and explain Weber’s concept
Durkheim’s theory of ‘anomie’. of Verstehen for understanding social
(20 marks)(2014) phenomena.
21. “According to Durkheim, the essence of 13. ‘Power and authority go together.’
religion in modern society is the same as Examine. Explaine the various types of
religion in primitive society.” Comment. authority also. (12/30)
(10 marks)(2014) 14. Examine how Weber’s characterization of
22. Elaborate the views of Durkheim on “The capitalism is different from those of Marx.
Elementary Forms of Religious Life”. (12/30)
(10 Marks)(2015) 15. Examine the salient features of Weberian
23. How is Durkheim’s theory of religion different bureaucracy. (13/10)
from Max Weber’s theory of religion? 16. “According to Max Weber, ‘class’ and ‘status’
(20 Marks)(2016) are two diff erent dimensions of power.”
Discuss. (20 marks) (2014)
C. MAX WEBER
17. How does Weber use the notion of ‘ideal types’
1. Critically examine the role of formal and
in his theory of bureaucracy?
informal structures of bureaucracy in
economic and social reconstruction of the (20 marks)(2014)
developing societies. (95/60) 18. In what way ‘interpretative’ method is
2. Explain the origin and characteristics of different from ‘positivist’ approach in the
bureaucracy according to Max Weber. study of social phenomena?
Illustrate the structural sources of (20 marks)(2014)
dysfunctions of bureaucracy. (96/60) 19. Which concepts did Weber use to analyse the
3. Critically examine Max Weber’s theory of forms of legitimate domination?
social action and its limitations. (97/60) (10 marks)(2015)
4. State the meaning and characteristics of an 20. Discuss the role of Calvinist ethic in the
ideal type. What, according to Max Weber, is development of Capitalism.
the use and signi icance of the ‘ideal type’ in (20 Marks)(2015)
social science research? (01/60) 21. Examine Max Weber’s method of maintaining
5. Critically examine Weber’s theory of Protestant obfectivity in social research.
Ethic and Spirit of Capitalism. (02/60) (20 Marks)(2016)
6. Discuss Max Weber’s ideal types and the role D. TALCOTT PARS ONS
of authority in bureaucracy. (05/60) 1. Write short note : The idea of functional
7. Write short note on Concept of Ideal Type and indispensability. (96/20)
its limitations. (06/20) 2. Discuss Talcott Parsons’ contribution to the
8. What is the subject-matter of Sociology analysis of social change. (96/60)
according to Max Weber? Which major
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3. Discuss Talcott Parsons’ contribution to the 7. Write short note on Manifest and latent
analysis of social system. (97/60) functions. (01/20)
4. Write short note on Functional problems of 8. Critically analyze the concept of Anomie.
the social system. (99/20) Elaborate, with suitable examples, the
5. Write short note on Social system and the theoretical relationship between nature of
Pattern Variables. (03//20) Anomie and types of Social Deviations as have
6. Bring out a comparative analysis of Marxian been formulated by R.K. Merton. (03/60)
and Parsonian views of social change and 9. Write short note on Primary and Reference
examine the relevance of each view for social groups. (03/20)
development in the contemporary India. 10. What are the reactions of Robert Merton to
(04/60) the functionalism pioneered by social
7. Write short note on Talcott Parsons’ concept anthropologists? Indicate the Limitations of
of social system. (07/20) his idea of latent functions. (06/60)
8. Write short note on Relevance of pattern 11. Write short note on Robert Merton’s’ views
variables in the study of social change. on manifest and latent functions. (07/20)
(08/20) 12. What is Merton’s view of relationship
9. Talcott Parsons idea of‘moving equilibrium’. between social structure and deviance?
(09/20) In what sense is a deviant also conformist?
10. Give conceptual meaning of social system. (08/60)
What is cognitive consonance between 13. To Robert Merton, deviant behavior is a result
pattern variables and paradigm? (11/30) of anomie. Analyse his sociological theory of
11. Universalism vs. Particularize. (12/12) deviant behavior, with a special reference to
12. Examine the relevance of Parson an Social his formulation of types of deviance (09/60)
System in the present society. (13/ 10) 14. How can we use reference group theory to
13. How is social equilibrium maintained in understand fashion in society?
Parsonian framework? (20 Marks)(2015) (10 marks) (2014)
14. Describe the functional prerequisites of social 15. How could one use Merton’s concept of
system as given by Talcott Parsons. Examine deviance to understand the traf ic problem in
in the context of a university as a social system. urban India?
(20 Marks)(2016) (10 marks)(2014)
E. ROBERT K. MERTON 16. Using Merton’s concepts of ‘manifest’ and
1. Bring out the strength and the weakness of ‘latent’ functions, explain the persistence of
Robert Merton’s advancement over the corruption in Indian society.
classical functionalism. (95/60) (10 marks)(2014)
2. Write short note on Middle-range theories. 17. “Anomie is rooted in social structure.” Explain
(95/20) with reference to R.K. Merton’s contribution.
3. Write short note on Pattern variables. (98/20) (10 Marks)(2015)
4. Write short note on Social structure and 18. Analyze the manifest and latent function of
Anomie. (99/20) ‘security of the tenure of bureaucrats’ in the
5. Write short note on Relative Deprivation. light of merton’s theory.
(00/20) (20 Marks)(2016)
6. How does social structure produce a strain F. G.H. MEAD
toward anomie and deviant behaviour? 1. Critically analyse the contributions of G.H.
Examine it with reference to Robert K. Mead to ‘symbolic interactionism’. (10/30)
Merton’s contribution to this ield of stud
(00/60)
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2. Critically analyse the contributions of G. H. 15. Brie ly discuss the Conflict Perspective on
Mead to ‘symbolic interactionism’. (13/20) social strati ication and examine the View
3. Using Mead’s theory of symbolic that social inequality in India is the function
interactionism, discuss the stages in the of rigid social strati ication System. (04/60)
formation of gender identity. 16. Write short note on Class within Caste and
(10 marks)(2014) Caste within Class. (04/20)
4. “Self and Society are twin-born.” Examine the 17. ‘Socialization and social control are
statement of Mead. (10 Marks)(2015) complementary to each other in
V. STRATIFICATION AND MOBILITY maintaining social Order.’ - Elucidate you
1. Write short note on Social class and social answer with appropriate illustrations.
status. (95/20) (04/60)
2. Write short note on Role-Conflict and its 18. How is vertical and horizontal social
resolution. (96/20) mobility problematic in society? Suggest
solutions. (05/60)
3. Write short note on Types of mobility.
19. Write short note on Vertical social mobility.
(97/20)
(06/20)
4. Write short note on Vertical and horizontal
20. Write short note on Caste-system as a
mobility. (98/20)
principle of social strati ication. (06/20)
5. Write short note on Caste as a class.
21. Write short note on Role-conflict and its
(98/20)
resolution. (07/20)
6. Analyze critically the functional theory of
22. Write short note on Social mobility in open and
social strati ication. (98/60)
closed systems. (08/20)
7. Write short note on Role con lict as a source
23. How does hierarchy get built into the
of deviation. (99/20)
systems of natural and social inequalities?
8. How would you distinguish between the (08/60)
strat i ied and the unstrati ied social
24. What are the reasons for calling Kingsley
Positions? What explanation would you prefer
Davis and Wilbert Moore’s theory of social
for the universal existence of the social
strati ication a functional theory?
strati ication in human society? (99/60)
(09/30)
9. Discuss the nature and characteristics of
25. Ethnicity and Development. (09/20)
social mobility. Can the nature and the rate
26. Examine how open and closed systems of
of social mobility be treated as an index of
economic development? Comment. (99/60) strati ication are undergoing
transformation in the emergence of new
10. Write short note on Role conflict. (00/20)
hierarchical social order in societies. (10/30)
11. Write short note on Inter-generational
27. Distinguish between people being socially
mobility. (00/20)
excluded and people excluding themselves
12. Write short note on Social Mobility and social socially in societies. (10/15)
change. (02/20)
28. The problem of gender. (11/12)
13. Explain Melvin Tumin’scritique related to
29. What is class? Do you think that Weber’s
the theory of social stratification. (02/60)
contributions to social strati ication are
14. Examine the conceptual d ist inct ion different from that of Marx? (11/30)
between social i neq ual ity and social
30. What do you mean by social mobility?
Stratification. How do the nature and forms
Discuss the major sources and causes of
of the social stratification system determine
mobility. (11/30)
the Patterns ofsocial mobility? (03/60)
31. Strati ication of Classes. (12/12)

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32. In our society Hierarchical relations are 6. Write short note on Emerging pattern of sex-
in luenced by social mobility. Explain how? roles in modern society. (0l/20)
(12/20) 7. Write short note on Types of Exchange. (01/20)
33. How are open and closed systems of 8. Write short note on Industrialization and
stratification undergoing transformation in social change. (02/20)
the emergence of new hierarchical social 9. Write short note on Social determinants of
order in societies? (13/20) Economic Development. (03/20)
34. Distinguish between people being socially 10. Examine in detail the impact of new global
excluded and people excluding themselves economy on work organization and family
socially in societies. (13/10) structure in India. (04/60)
35. How do Karl Marx and Max Weber differ in 11. Write short note: Social determinants of
terms of their analysi s of social economic development. (05/20)
strati ication? (13/20) 12. Write short note: Features of Pre -Industrial
36. What do you understand by gender? How does economic system. (07/20)
it shape ‘male ‘identity? (20 marks) (2014) 13. Indicate social determinants of economic
37. “No society can either be absolutely open or development. Discuss any one sociological
absolutely closed.” Comment. perspective analyzing backwardness and
(10 marks) (2015) poverty in the developing societies.(07/ 60)
38. Differentiate between Marxian and Weberian 14. Feminization of Labour in Informal Sector.
theories of Social Strati ication. (10/20)
(20 Marks)(2015) 15. Human Relations School of Thought by Elton
39. “Vertical mobility brings structural change Mayo as a social organisation of work
even in a closed social system.” Comment. process in industry. (10/30)
(10 marks) (2016) 16. There has been a substantial decline in
40. Elucidate the basic premises of Davis’ labour class and increase in labour force in
structural-function theory of social nonmanual jobs with the advent of new
strati ication. How far is its relevant in technological revolution.” Critically examine
understing contempory India society? (10/30)
(20 Marks)(2016) 17. Analyse the social impact of market
41. Discuss the relationship between poverty and economy on traditional societies. (10/15)
social exclusion. (10 marks) (2016) 18. Self Hel Group (SHG) as an informal
42. “Education is a major source of social mobility organization of work. (11/12)
in contemporary society.” Explain. 19. What is formal organization? “The growth of
(10 marks) (2016) bureaucracy has resulted in extreme
VI. WORK AND ECONOMIC LIFE concentration of power at larger levels of
social organization.” Discuss (11/20)
1. Write short note on Social consequences of
economic development. (95/20) 20. Industrial Democracy. (12/12)
2. Write short note on Types of exchange. 22. How do formal and informal organization of
work in luence labour’s mobility? Explain
(96/20)
with example. (12/20)
3. Write short note on Industrialization and
23. Examine the social impact of globalization on
social change. (97/20)
labour and society. (13/20)
4. Write short note on Features of
24. What are the distinctive features of social
pre -industrial economic system. (98/20)
organization of work in slave society? How is
5. Write short note on Social determinants of it different from feudal society?
economic development. (00/20)
(10 marks) (2014)

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25. Distinguish between the social organization 14. Explain the meaning and modes of political
of work in feudal society and in capitalist, participation. What are the factors
society . preventing people’s participation in politics
(10 marks) (2015) in India? (07/60)
26. The increasing importance of the tertiary 15. Write short note on Social movement as an
sector has weakened the formal organization expression of protest. (08/20)
of work in recent times. Examine the 16. C.W. Mills’ Power Elite. (09/20)
statement. (20 Marks)(2015) 17. Structure of a social movement. (09/20)
27. Describe the nature of social organization of 18. Write short note Identity Politics. (10/ 20)
work in industrial society. 19. List the sources of power and explain the
(20 Marks)(2016) various indicators based on which power can
28. “ Globalization has pushed the labour into be measured. (10/30)
informal organization of work.” Substantiate 20. Evaluate how civil society and democracy
your answer with suitable examples. mutually reinforce each other. (10/30)
(20 Marks)(2016) 21. Power Elite. (11/12)
VII. POLITICS AND SOCIETY 22. Cultural Pluralism. (11/12)
1. Write short note: Social disorganization. 23. Highlight prerequisites of social movement.
(95/20) Bring out the difference between social
2. Discuss the meaning and role of voluntary movement and revolution.
organizati ons in the eff orts of 24. “Collective action in politics can bring
transformation of society through state- integration and disintegration in society.”
action. (96/60) Comment. (11/20)
3. Explain the concept of power. Distinguish 25. Citizenship and Civil Society. (12/12)
between power and authority. (98/60) 26. Millenarian Movements. (12/12)
4. Impact of the democratic political system on 27. What do you understand by nation? Is the
the traditional social structure. (99/20) nation same as the state ? Discuss. (12/20)
5. Write short note on Role of pressure groups 28. Are social movement always influenced by
in democracy. (00/20) ideologies? Discuss. (12/20)
6. Write short note on Sources of legitimacy of 29. Examine the role of pressure group in
power. (0l/20) parliamentary Democracy. (13/10)
7. Write short note on Informal structure of 30. De ine Social Movement. Elucidate the role of
Bureaucracy. (01/20) reformist movement in social change.
8. Write short note on Community Power. (13/10)
(02/20) 31. Evaluate how do civil Society and democracy
9. Write short note on Social Structure and mutually reinforce each other (13/20)
Political Participation. (03/20) 32. Critically examine society the role of civil
10. Write short note on Bureaucracy in New (13/10)
Capitalist Economy. (04/20) 33. Discuss T. H. Marshall’s views on citizenship.
11. Write short note on Authori ty and (10 marks) (2014)
Legitimacy. (04/20) 34. Distinguish between Political Parties and
12. Write short note on Power elite in society and Pressure groups. (10 marks) (2014)
the emergence of new elite in power 35. “Power is not a zero-sum game”. Discuss with
Structure. (05/20) reference to Weber’s and Parsons’s views.
13. Discuss modes of political participation and (20 marks) (2014)
voting behaviour in India. (05/60)

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36. What do you understand by social movement? 10. Secularization of societies in the modern
How has the mobilization by Scheduled Castes world. (09/20)
helped them in constructing a new identity? 11. “Science without religion is lame. Religion
(10 marks)(2014) without science is blind.” Comment on this
37. “Ideology is crucial for social transformation statement critically in the light of emerging
in a democracy.” Discuss. (10 marks)(2015) sociological contexts is Europe, USA and
38. Explain the conditions under which a India. (10/30)
collective action transforms into a social 12. Examine the social dimensions of religious
movement. (20 Marks) revivalism and fundamentalism in the
39. Caste ideology appears to have strengthened context of globalisation. (09/60)
democracy. Comment. (10 Marks)(2015) 13. Positive Religion. (10/20)
40. “Globalization involves deterritorialization.” 14. “Science has empirical means to logical ends
Examine with reference to the nation-state. and religion has non-empirical means to
(20 Marks)(2015) logical ends.” Common.
41. Discuss the importance of ‘Power elite’ in 15. Discuss the factors leading to growing
democracy. (10 Marks)(2016) religious revivalism in the contemporary
42. Examine the role of protest movements in world. (12/20)
changing the status of Dalits in India. 16. “Science has empirical meansto logical
(10 Marks)(2016) ends and religion has non-empirical means
43. To what extent revolution replaces the to logical ends.” Comment. (13/10)
existing order of society? Discuss. 17. Is religion antithetical to science? Comment.
(10 Marks)(2016) (13/10)
VIII. RELIGION AND SOCIETY 18. How is religious revivalism different from
1. Write short note on Fundamentals of communalism? Elaborate with suitable
religion. (97/20) examples from the Indian context.
2. Write short note on Religious pluralism. (20 marks)(2014)
(98/20) 19. Distinguish between sects and cults with
3. Elaborate on the social necessity of religion. illustrations. (10 marks)(2015)
Discuss the relationship between religion and 20. De ine Secularisation. What are its major
science. (99/60) dimensions in the modern world?
4. Critically examine functional and (20 Marks)(2015)
dysfunctional aspects of religion. (00/60) 21. Is religion playing and important role in
5. Write short note on Religion and Science. increasing fundamentalism? Give reasons for
(01/20) your answer. (10 marks)(2016)
6. Examine the f uncti onal as well as 22. “Religious pluralism is the order of present-
dysfunct ional aspects of reli gi on in a day societies.” Explain by giving suitable
pluralistic Society taking India and the examples. (20 Marks)(2016)
United States of America as illustrative
IX. SYSTEMS OF KIN SHIP
models. (04/60)
1. Write short note on Role of culture. (95/20)
7. Write short note on Origins of religious
beliefs and practices in premodern societies. 2. Write short note on Primary group. (95/ 20)
(05/20) 3. What has been the impact of
8. Write short note on Religion and Science. industrialization on family and kinship
(06/20) organization? Illustrate the significance of
9. In what important ways can religion be a force kinship organization in the industri al
both for social stability and social change? societies. (95/60)
Discuss. (08/60)
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4. Write short note on Impact of changes in sex- 22. Write short note on Kinship and Social
role on family. (96/20) Capital. (10/20)
5. Compare the role of custom as an agency of 23. Lineage and Descent. (11/12)
social control in primitive and modern 24. What you mean by marriage and family?
Industrial societies. (96/60) Discuss the structural and functi onal
6. ‘Socialization is a process by which all of us changes family in modern society? (11/20)
acquire the culture that we transmit to the 25. Is patriarchy a universal phenomenon?
next generation’. Elaborate the statement Critically examine how patriarchy affects
and discuss its various stages. (98/60) sexual division of Labour in Societies.
7. Social control is more a matter of conviction (13/20)
than that of coercion. Comment. Discuss the 26. Analyse the gender bias in the present
role of ideology in social control. (99/60) society with examples. (13/10)
8. Discuss the factors responsible for the 27. Examine the emerging trends in marriage and
changing structure of family in modern family as a response to the changes in
Societies. (00/60) economic and social order. (13/20)
9. Write short note on Incest taboo. (01/20) 28. How did the emergence of industrial society
10. In what way is the process of socialization change the family life in Western Europe?
helpful in the development of personality? (10 marks) (2014)
Explain with suitable examples. (02/60) 29. Critically examine the functionalist views on
11. Distinguish between Sex and Gender issues the institution of family. How do those help us
with suitable examples. (02/60) in understanding family in the present times?
12. Elaborate on the concepts of Family and (20 marks)(2014)
Lineage. Discuss the relationship between 30. What do you understand by institutionalization
Rules of descent and inheritance of property. of ‘live-in-relationship?
(03/60) (10 marks) (2014)
13. Discuss the meanings and significance of
31. Is male authority absent in matrilineal society?
culture in Human Society. Critically bring out
Discuss. (10 marks) (2015)
the role of Culture in the Development of
32. How do the-’ rules of descent and alliance in
personality. (03/60)
kinship differ from each other? Illustrate.
14. Write short note on Gender Roles in Changing
(10 Marks)(2015)
Structure of Family. (04/20)
33. To what extent is patriarchy a cause for the
15. Write short note on Role of Family in Social
problem of women? Discuss.’
Control. (05/20)
(10 Marks)(2016)
16. Elucidate changing structure of family and
marriage in modern society. (05/60) 34. Discuss the contemporary trends in family as
a response to social change in modern society.
17. Write short note on Nuclear family and
industrial society. (06/20) (20 Marks) (2016)
18. Write short note on changing structure of 35. Distinguish between family and household as
family. (07/20) sociological concepts. (10 Marks)(2016)
19. Write short note on new trends in the types X. SOCIAL CHAN GE IN MODE RN SOCIE TY
and forms of family in contemporary India. AND DEVEL OPMEN T
(08/20) 1. Explain the classical concept of soc ial
20. Industrialization and changes in the family’s change and crit ically examine the
functions. (09/20) contribution of the linear theories of social
change. (95/60)
21. Discuss the emerging forms of marriage and
family with examples from the West and the 2. Elaborate the meaning of the term ‘equality’
East. Can there be family without marriage? of educat ional opportunity’. Discuss
Examine. (09/60) 23-B, 3rd Floor Pusa Road, Metro Pillor No. 115,
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educat ion as a med ium of cultural examine the relevance of each view for social
reproduction andsocial transformation. development in the contemporary India.
(95/60) (04/60)
3. Critically examine the i mpact of 18. Write short note on Privatizat ion of
traditional soci al structures on the Education and Equality o Opportunity.
development and f unct i oning of a (04//20)
democratic policy. (96/60) 19. Discuss in detail impact of mass media and
4. Write short note on Education and social education on India Society. (04/60)
inequalities. (96 /20) 20. Write short note on Science and Social
5. Write short note on Rate of education in Responsibility. (04/20)
social development. (97/20) 21. Write short note on Social consequence of
6. What are the problems of universalization of science and technology in India. (05/ 20)
primary education? Discuss folly. (97/60) 22. Discuss mass education as an instrument of
7. “Education is an instrument of social control social change and modernization. (05/60)
and social change”. Critically examine the 23. Discuss mass education as an instrument of
statement. (97/60) social change and modernization. (05/60)
8. Write short note no Education and culture. 24. Human factors involved in directed social
(97/20) change. (06/20)
9. Examine social consequences of changes in 25. “Education is one of the basic activities for
technology. Illustrate your answer with the continued existence and development of
examples from new productive processes and a society”. Elaborate this statement. (06/60)
equipment. (98/60) 26. State significance of social policy in social
10. Elaborate on the concept of structural development. Under what conditions a social
change. Discuss the endogenic factors of pol icy fails to be eff ective in i ts
structural change in a society, with suitable performance? (06/60)
examples. (99/60) 27. Explain the idea of social responsibility of
11. Pitrim A. Sorokin sees the course of history science. Analyze the social consequences of
as a continuous but irregular fluctuation development of science and technology in the
between two basically different kinds of context of removal of backwardness in
culture. While explaining this stand of development societies. (06/60)
Sorokin, analyze whether it is appropriate to 28. Write short note on Education as an
characterize such a notion of change as a instrument of social change. (07/20)
cyclical theory of social change. (00/60)
29. Write short note on Education as an agent of
12. De ine ‘social pol i cy’. Evaluate the social change. (08/20)
performance of social pol icy in
30. Comment on the crit ics’ charge the
modernization of developing societies.
Immanuel Wallerstein’s dependency theory
(01/60) is simplistic and wrong. (09/30)
13. Distinguish between the process of formal 31. Examine the social d inensions of
educat ion and social izati on. Examine displacement induced by development.
eff ectivity in formal educat ion as an
(10/15)
instrument of social change. (01/60)
32. Development and Dependency. (11/12)
14. Write short note on Ethos of Science.(02/ 20)
33. “Social support mechanism needs to be
15. Write short note on Social Impact of New
strengthened for effective implementation of
Technologies in India. (03/20)
development programme.” Comment(11/20)
16. Write short note on Education and Social
34. Discuss World System theory in the context
Development. (03/20) of modern society. (11/20)
17. Bring out a comparative analysis of Marxian
and Parsonian views of social change and 23-B, 3rd Floor Pusa Road, Metro Pillor No. 115,
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35. “Science and Technology are major forces of 42. Explain the relevance of the idea of ‘cultural
acceleration the process of social change.” lag’ in understanding social change.
Comment (11/20) (10 marks)(2015)
36. Examine social dimensions of displacement 43. “Education helps in perpetuating social and
induced by development. (13/10) economic inequalities.” Critically examine the
37. Illustrate the con li cts and tensions statement. (20 Marks)(2015)
experienced by societies undergoing social 44. Examine the dialectical relation between
change. (13/20) tradition and modernity in the study of social
38. Critically examine the cultural theories of change. (20 Marks)(2015)
social change with suitable examples. (13/20) 45. “Social con lict is both a cause and a
39. Education is often viewed as an agency of consequence of social change.” Explain.
social change. However in reality it could also (20 Marks)(2016)
reinforce inequalities and conservatism. 46. “Social change can be brought about through
Discuss. (20 marks) (2014) development.” Illustrate from the
40. How is the increasing use of technology contemporary situation of India.
changing the status of women in Indian (20 Marks)(2016)
society? (20 marks)(2014)
41. Write a short essay on the Latin American
perspective on ‘dependency’.
(20 marks)(2014)

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PREVIOUS YEARS QUESTION PAPERS
SOCIOLOGY PAPER – II
INDIAN SOCIETY : STRUCTURE AND CHANGE
(1995-2016)
A. INTRODUCING INDIAN SOCIETY on the suitability of applying this perspective
I. Perspectives on the study of Ind ia n to the study of Indian society. (09/60)
society: 15. A.R. Desai’s characterization of
II. Impact of colonial rule on Indian society: leadership of Indian freedom movement.
1. Explain the signi icance of empirical (10/20)
approach to the study of Indian society. How 16. The Parsi community and its contribution to
does the use of historical approach enrich Indian society. (10/20)
empirical orientation? (95/60) 17. The heterogenic features that influenced
2. “Trad ition and moderni ty co-exist in Indian tradition, according to Yogendra
contemporary Indian society’. Discuss the Singh. (10/20)
factors responsible for this continuity and 18. Perspective on the study of caste by M.N
change. (96/60) Srinivas and Andre Beteille. (11/15)
3. Write short note on Impact of Islam on Indian 19. Limitations of the dialectical approach to the
society. (97/20) study of Indian society. (12/12)
4. Write short note on Response of Indian
20. M. N. Srinivas’s Concept of Westernization.
society to the early impact of West. (98/20)
(13/10)
5. Write short note on Impact of Buddhism on
21. Satya Sodhak movement of Mahatma Jyotiba
Indian society. (00/20)
Phule. (13/10)
6. Write short note on Impact of West on Indian
society. (01/20) 22. Modernisation of Indian traditions
7. Examine the ways in which Indian society can (10 marks) (2014)
be strengthened as multi-cultural society. Is 23. G.S. Ghurye’s Indological approach to
the dominance of single culture a hindrance to understand society in India
multiculturalism in India? (02/60) (10 marks) (2014)
8. Discuss the metaphysical and ethical basis of 24. Discuss the social background of Indian
Hindu social organization. (02/60) nationalism. (20 marks)(2014)
9. Describe the major aspects of traditional 25. Discuss the paradigm of modernization of
Hindu social organization. How far are they Indian tradition in analyzing social change in
relevant for present day Indian society? India. (20 Marks)(2015)
(06/60) 26. Discuss Marxist approach to the analysis of
10. How has the Marxist Perspective been Indian nationalism. (20 Marks)(2015)
applied to explain social background of Indian
27. Salient features of A.R Desai’s Marxist
nationalism?(08/60)
Sociology. (10 Marks)(2016)
11. How do you differentiate between social
28. Anti-Brahmanical movements during the
change and modernization? Explain with
examples from Indian society. (08/60) colonial period. (10 Marks)(2016)
12. Colonial hangover and its social impact. B. SOCI AL STRUTURE
(09/20) (I) RURA L & AG RA RIA N S OC IA L
13. Indological perspective of G.S. Ghurye. STRUC TURE
(09/20) 1. Write short note on Agrarian soci al
14. What are the mai n pri nci ples of the structure . (95/20)
structural-functionalperspective? Comment 23-B, 3rd Floor Pusa Road, Metro Pillor No. 115,
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2. Write short note on Peasant Society. (99/20) 2. Write short note on Equality and social
3. Write short note on Agrarian class structure justice. (95/20)
in India. (01/20) 3. Write short note on Avenues of caste
4. Write short note on Characteristics of Neo- mobility in traditional Indian society. (96/20)
Rich agrarian class. (02/20) 4. Write short note on Varna - asrama dharma.
5. Write short note on Feudalism and Semi (96/20)
Feudalism. (04/20) 5. Do you think that caste and democracy are
6. Write short note on Characteristics of compatible with each other? Discuss with
peasant societies. (05/20) reference to some studies conducted on this
issue in India. (96/60)
7. Is Indian peasant society a non-modern
society? Evaluate with suitable examples in 6. ‘Caste is becoming weaker and stronger at the
support of your answer. (06/60) same time in present day India.’
8. Write short note: Agrarian Unrest. (07/20) Discuss the factors responsible for
continuity and change. (97/60)
9. Write short note Sociology. Village studies in
Indian. (08/20) 7. Write short note on Role of caste
associations. (98/20)
10. Changes that the agrarian social structure in
India is undergoing. (09/30) 8. Write short note on Modes of contents of
expression of Dalit consciousness. (98/20)
11. With reference to their understanding of the
9. Write short note on Social Justice. (99/20)
Indian village, comparethe perspectives of
M.N. Srinivas and S.C. Dube. (10/30) 10. Write short note on Caste among Indian
Christians. (00/20)
12. The book view and the ield- view in Indian
11. Which means of social mobility were
sociology. (11/15)
available in the traditional caste system?
13. Comment on the factors responsible for the Describe the form of social mobility in
growth and consolidation of middle level contemporary Indian society. (00/60)
peasantry in rural in India. How is it related 12. Write short note on Caste and Indian Polity.
to capitalism in Indian agriculture?(11/30) (0l/20)
14. Changing rural power structure. 13. Write short note on Emergence of Dalit
15. ‘Indian society may be understood as a system Consciousness. (02/20)
of cognitive structures.’ How far do you agree 14. Discuss the Louis Dumont’s concept of
with this statement? (12/30) purity and pollution. How far these concepts
16. How have social reform movements in are relevant in explaining the Hindu Caste
colonial India contributed to modernization system? (02/60)
of Indian society? (12/20) 15. Describe the characteristics of dominant
17. Andre Beteille’s de inition of class. (13/10) caste. Discuss its role in village politics in India
18. Classes in agrarian society in India. (13/10) (03/60)
19. Other Backward Class (13/10) 16. Write short note on Caste among Muslims.
20. What is the idea of ‘Indian village’? Explain. (03/20)
(10 marks)(2015) 17. Write short note on Impact of Muslims on
21. Signi icance of Village Studies in Indian Indian Society. (04/20)
Sociology. (10 marks)(2016) 18. Write short note on Caste mobilization in
(II) CASTE SYSTEM North India. (04/20)
1. Write short note on Cultural and structural 19. Write short note on Racial Theories of origin
of caste. (05/20)
aspect of caste. (95/20)
20. Discuss the social factors responsible for the
emergence of Dalit consciousness in India.

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What have been the social consequences of as a change from symmetrical to asymmetrical
this phenomenon? (06/60) one. (20 Marks)(2016)
21. Write short note on Concept of Hierarchy in 38. Different forms of Dalit asseration.
Louis Dumont’s writings (08/20) (10 Marks)(2016)
22. In the context of the caste system, critically (III) TRIBAL COMMUNITIES IN IND IA
examine Louis Dumont’s concept of purity and 1. Write short note on Tribal integration.
pollution. (09/30)
(95/20)
23. Dumont’s concept of homohierarchicus.
2. Describe the socio-cultural consequences of
(10/20)
tribals’ contacts with the non-tribals. What
24. Crit ically assess the forms in which measures would you suggest to bring the
untouchability continues to be practiced.
tribals in the national mainstream? (96/60)
(10/30)
3. What changes have taken place in the tribal
25. Protective discrimination not only protects social strati ication pattern in recent times?
but also discriminates Comment. (11/30) Describe the factors responsible for these
26. Analyze the term dalit and the evolution of changes. (97/60)
the related concept as a re lection of the
4. Write short note on Issues of tribal identity.
changing consciousness and self assertion of
(97/20)
the dalit community.( 1 1 / 30)
5. Analyze critically the Government of India’s
27. Interaction of ‘little tradition’ and ‘great
tribal policy. (98/60)
tradition’ (12/12)
6. Critically examine various tribal policies.
28. What are the main features of Dr. B.R.
Which tribal policy would you advocate for
Ambedkar’s views on annihilation of caste?
tribal development in India any way? (00/60)
(13/20)
7. Write short note on Integration of Tribes in
29. Critically evaluate Louis Dumont’s Homo
Hindu Culture. (02/20)
Hierarchies. (13/20)
8. Write short note on Emergence of classes
30. What are the features of M. N. Srinivas’s
among tribes. (03/20)
concept of dominant caste? How effective is
it in understanding today’s reality? (13/10) 9. Write short note on Isolation approach in
tribal policy. (03/20)
31. Features of caste system.(10 marks)(2014)
10. Write short note on Migration and tribal
32. Write some of the important social reforms in communities. (04/20)
India for the removal of untouchability.
11. Describe the distinctive features of tribal
(10 marks) (2014) communities in India. Discuss the factors
33. Louis Dumont’s perspective on Indian caste affecting tribal identity. (05/60)
system (10 Marks) (2015) 12. Discuss the various problems of tribal
34. How far Gandhi was trusted by the communities in India and assess the impact
untouchables? (10 Marks) (2015) of tribal development efforts after
35. Is caste system changing, weakening or Independence. (07/60)
disintegrating in India? (20 Marks)(2015) 13. Unity and diversity among the tries in India
36. How has B.R Ambedkar identi ied the features (11/15)
of caste system? How is it different from the 14. Analyze the changing nexus between caste
mainstream treatment of caste featurs? and tribe. (11/20)
(20 Marks)(2016) 15. Tribe and Caste. (12/04)
37. Discuss Andre Beteill’s account of the 16. Has geographic and economic mobility
relationship between caste, class and power impacted the tribal culture and soc ial
structure? Give examples. (12/30)

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17. What are the features that distinguish tribes 10. What accounts for the growth and
from the rest of the population? (13/ 20) consolidation of the middle classes in modern
18. Write a Note on ethnicity and integration in India? (10 marks)(2016)
the context of tribes. (13/20) V) SYSTEMS OF KINSHIP IN IND IA
19. How does the new forest act affect tribals? 1. “Nuclear families grow into joint families and
(13/10) then break into nuclear families. The change
20. Analyse the different views on integration and from nuclear to joint and from joint to
autonomy of tribes in India. nuclear families is fairly frequent in India.”
(20 marks)(2015) Explain the changes in the structure and
21. Tribal con licts based on ethnic differences functions of joint family in this context
often camou lage a struggle for political and (95/60)
economic advantage.’ Substantiate with
2. Outl ine the social factors related to
examples. (20 marks)(2014)
generation gap. How has the generation gap
22. Verrier Elwin’s views on freedom for the
led to the problem of youth unrest?
tribals. (10 Marks)(2015)
23. Main objectives of Tribal Sub Plan (TSP). (97/60)
(10 Marks)(2015) 3. What factors are responsible for the
24. ‘Isolationism’ as a dominant feature of colonial instability of the Indian family? Will the family
tribal policy. (10 Marks)(2016) survive the present crisis in modern society?
25. How is the tribal question related with the (01/60)
issues of integration and autonomy in modern 4. Discuss the in luence of socio-cultural
India? (20 Marks)(2016) factors on age of marriage in India. (04/60)
(IV) SOCIAL CLASS STRUCTURE IN INDIA 5. Write short note: Generation Gap. (05/20)
1. Write short note on Industrial class structure 6. Write short note: Industrialisation and
in India. (97/20) family change in India, with examples.
2. Examine the causes and consequences of (06/20)
growing size of urban middle class. (98/60)
7. Discuss the impact of legislation and socio
3. Describe the process of emergence of the
economic changes on marriage and family
middle class in India. What role has the middle
institutions. Ar e these inst itut i ons
class played in nat ional development?
(05/60) weakening in contemporary India?
4. Emergence of middle class in India. (09/20) (07/60)
5. Discuss the inter-relationship between 8. What is Patriarchy? How have the women’s
caste, class and power. (10/30) movements confronted the norms of
Patriarchy? (08/60)
6. Bring out the relationship between social
class and morality. (11/20) 9. What has been the impact of globalization on
the cultural aspect(s) of the family? (09/30)
7. Discuss the Salient features of Indian Middle
Class. (13/10) 10. Comment on the changes in the household
d imensions of family under modern
8. Discuss the status of women among the
economic reforms. (09/30)
emerging urban middle class.
11. Linkages between Patriarchy and honour
(20 marks)(2014)
killings. (10/20)
9. How do caste and class come together in
12. Distinction between the concepts of family and
creating the category of extreme poor ?
household. (11/15)
(10 marks)(2014) 13. Challenges to institution of marriage.

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(12/12) 6. Write short note on Religi ous

14. Affinal kin and Consanguineous kin. fundamentalism. (00/20)
(12/04) 7. Explain the concept of secular state and
15. Marriage as sacrament and marriage as discuss the problems of India as a secular
contract. (12/04) state. (01/60)
16. Comment on the social and cultural 8. Write short note on Inequality among
determin-ants of sexual division of labour. Brahmins. (02/20)
9. Write short note on Problems of Hindu
(12/14)
minority in Kashmir. (02/20)
17. Has nuclear family existed in traditional India?
10. Is Secularism a weak Ideology? Critically
Discuss with reference to the views of I.P.
analyze the reasons for anti-secular trends in
Desai. (12/20)
India. (02/60)
18. Types of kinship systems in India.
11. Describe the socio-economic factors
(10 marks) (2015) responsible for communal tensions in India.
19. Give some of the important studies relating to What suggestions will you give to control
the structural changes in the Indian family them? (03/60)
system. ( 20 Marks)(2014) 12. Write short note on Role of religion in civil
20. Broadly compare the kinship system of North society. (04/20)
and South India. (10 Marks)(2015) 13. Write short note o n R e l i g i o u s
21. What is patriarchy? How does it affect the child fundamentalism. (05/20)
socialization pattern in India? 14. Describe the indicators of secularism. In your
(20 Marks)(2015) opinion, is it being practiced in letter and
22. Patriarchy as a form of dominance. spirit in present day Indian society?(06/60)
(10 Marks)(2016) 15. Write short note on Problems of religious
23. Bring out the signi icance of the difference minorities. (07/20)
between family and household. 16. Discuss the major problems of religious
(20 Marks)(2016) fundamentalism in contemporary India. Give
suggestions to tackle these problems. (07/60)
24. Examine the impact of industrialization and
17. Can religion form a suf icient basis of
urbanization on family structure.
forming cultural identity in India? (09/30)
(20 Marks)(2016)
18. Distinguish between secularism and
(VI) RELIGION AND SOCIETY secularization Analyse the nature and extent
1. Write short note: Pattern of secularism in of secularization in contemporary India.
India. (96/20) (11/30)
2. Write short note: Communal tensions in 19. Examine the impact of secularization on
India. (97/20) various religious communities in India.
3. Discuss the constitutional safeguards for (12/30)
religious minority groups and account for 20. Discuss the problems of religious minorities
increasing religious fundamentalism in in India. (20 marks) (2014)
India. (98/60)
21. What are the basic tenets of Hindu religion?
4. Write short note on Secularism. (99/20) Is Hinduism based on monotheism or
5. De ine religious minority. Discuss the polytheism? (20 Marks)(2015)
problems of religious minorities in India. 22. What extent the Muslim Personal Law Board
(99/60) is in agreement with Islamic feminist agenda?
(10 Marks)(2015)

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C. SOCIAL CHANGES IN INDIA 16. Discuss in detail impact of mass media and
(I) VISION OF SOCIAL CHANGE IN INDIA education on India Society. (04/60)
17. Critically evaluate education as a tool for
1. Discuss the main problems of national social justice. (04/60)
integration in India and delineate the role of 18. Discuss in detail impact of mass media and
education in tackling these problems. (95/60) education on Indian Society. ( 0 4 / 60)
2. Write short note on Sanskritisation.(95/ 20) 19. Write short note on Social Consequences of
3. Write short note on Problem of education Globalisation. (04/20)
among ‘Backward classes’. (96/20) 20. Write short note on Inequality in Education.
4. Write short note on I ndi cators of (05/20)
modernisation in Indian society. (96/ 20) 21. Write short note on Obstacles to change in
5. Describe the role played by education in social Indian society.(05/20)
mobility. Do you think that education has 22. Discuss the paradoxical nature of change in
been the most important factor in contemporary Indian society. Describe the
accelerating social mobility in modern Indian factors responsible for it. (05/60)
society? Give arguments in favour of your 23. Write short note on Continuity and change
answer. (97/60) in Indian society. (06/20)
6. Write short note on Prob lem of adult 24. Write short note on Education and social
illiteracy in India. (98/20) mobility. (07/20)
7. Write short note on Total Literacy Campaign 25. Write short note on Sanskritisation.(07/ 20)
(TLC). (99/20) 26. Write short note on Disparities in education.
8. Write short note on Sanskritisation.(99/ 20) (08/20)
9. How is modernisation an agent of change? 27. Write short note on Law and social change.
Discuss its positive and negative aspects. (09/20)
(99/60) 28. Positional Change and structural change.
10. Write short note on Educat ional (12/04)
inequalities in India. (00/20) 29. Education and Dalit empowerment. (12/12)
11. Critically examine the protective 30. Constitution as a living document of social
discrimination poli cy for the change. (12/12)
disadvantaged groups in India. Would you 31. Education and removal of inequality. (12/12)
suggest any change in this policy? (00/60) 32. Five Year Plans. (13/10)
12. Write short note on Education and social 33. Discuss the Salient features of right to
mobility. (01/20) Education. (13/10)
13. Examine the impact of mass media on 34. Why is it necessary to implement PCPNDT Act
Indian society. Whether in India? (10 Marks)(2015)
western consumerism and materialistic 34. Empowerment through “Right to Education”.
culture, creeping in through mass media, are
(10 Marks)(2016)
adversely affecting the traditional Indian
(II) RURA L A ND AG RA RIA N TRA NSFORMA TION
culture? (02/60)
IN IND IA
14. Write short note: Educational problems of
1. Write short note on Faction in rural life.
weaker sections. (03/20)
(95/20)
15. Describe the process of modernization in
2. How far did the Community Development
India. Discuss the factors that have impeded
Projects help in realizing the goals of planned
this process. (03/60)
change Examine critically? (95/60)

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3. What do you mean by ‘Green Revolution’ and 19. Bring out the impact of the declining
what are its socio-economic consequences? signi icance of the agrarian economy.
Discuss. (99/60) (20 Marks)(2016)
4. Critically evaluate the child welfare (III) IND USTRIA LISATION & U RBA NISA TION
programmes in India. Have they bene ited all IN IND IA
sections of children in India? (00/60) 1. Write short note on Industrialisation and
5. Write short note on Poverty alleviation occupational diversi ication. (95/20)
programmes. (01//20) 2. Write short note on Social basis of trade
6. Write short note on Social consequences of unions. (95/20)
green revolution. (03//20) 3. Discuss the salient features of urbanisation
7. Outline the factors responsible for unrest in in India. What steps would you suggest to
agrarian communities of India. What tackle ? Negative aspects of urbanisation?
suggestions will you give to arrest this (95/60)
trend? (03/60) 4. Write short note on Social consequences of
8. Write short note on Strategies of rural market economy. (96/20)
development. (04/20) 5. Write short note: Urban neighborhoods.
9. Describe the salient features of the poverty (96/20)
alleviation programmes. What modi ications 6. Write short note: Social pro ile of slums.
would you suggest to make them more
(97/20)
effective? (07/60)
7. Give a sociological analysis of the problems of
10. Impact of Green Revolution on rural class
migrant urban poor. (20 marks)(2014)
structure. (11/15)
8. Write short note on Social consequences of
11. Rapid urbanizat ion and sustainable green revolution. (03//20)
development do not go together. Discuss with
9. Outline the factors responsible for unrest in
argument. (11/20)
agrarian communities of India. What
12. Bring out some positive and negative social
suggestions will you give to arrest this
consequences of green revolution. How has
trend? (03/60)
green revolution changed the rural social
10. Write short note on Strategies of rural
structure? (12/20)
development. (04/20)
13. Discuss the Salient features of right to
11. Describe the salient features of the poverty
Education. (13/10)
12. Assess the impact of market economy on the
14. Describe the impact of land reforms on the
traditional rural economic structure. (98/60)
peasants of Indian society. (20 marks)(2014)
13. Write short note: Social consequences of
15. Jyotirao Phule as an agrarian radical.
unplanned urban growth. (98/20)
(20 Marks)(2015)
14. What is meant by privatization and how
16. Analyse the major components of Land
could it affect economic reforms in India?
Reform acts. Show their effectiveness in
(99/60)
curbing rural inequality. (10 Marks)(2016)
15. Slums are scars on the social fabric. How can
17. Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment
these scars be removed? (99/60)
Guarantee Scheme for rural development.
16. Write short note on Consequences of
(10 Marks)(2016)
globalisation for India. (00/20)
18. Write a note on the uneven impact of ‘Green
17. Do you agree with the view that slums are
Revolution’ on rural society. areas of darkness and despair? Give reasons
(20 Marks)(2016) in support of your answer. (00/ 60)
18. Write short note on Privatization and
globalization. (01/20)
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19. Discuss how occupational diversi ication has the salient features of new industrial class
affected the pattern of social strati ication structure? (12/20)
in India. (03/60) 36. Distinguish between formal and informal
20. Write short note on Social Consequences of sectors in India. (13/20)
Globalisation. (04/20) 37. Examine the influence of Industrialization on
21. Describe var ious aspects of urban caste. (13/ 20)
environment in India and assess the impact 38. Child Labour (13/10)
of urban development programmes 39. Write an analytical note on Slums in cities.
on it. (05/60) Discuss the impact of globalisation on the
22. Write short note on Social Consequences of workers in the Informal sector.
Privatization. (06/20) (10 marks) (2014)
23. Write short note on Programmes for urban 40. Issues relating to the informal labour market
development. (07/20) in urban India. (10 marks) (2015)
24. Write short note on Market economy and its 41. Comment on the factors behind the changing
social consequences. (07/20) status of women in urban India.
25. Discuss the social consequ ences of (20 marks) (2016)
economi c reforms l ike l ib erali zation, 42. Write a detailed note on the effects of growing
privatization and globalization. (07/60) slums in urban areas. (20 marks) (2016)
26. Write short note on Informal sector in the 43. Discuss the changing nature of the problems
urban economy in India. (08/20) of working class in the informal sector of the
27. What is the impact of Globalization on the economy. (20 marks) (2016)
structure and mobilization of the working (IV) POLITIC S AND SOC IETY
class in India? (08/60) 1. It is often alleged that the social situation in
28. Write short note on Possibilities of slum India is not conducive to the efficient
reform. (09/20) functioning of a democratic polity. Comment.
29. Comment on the sociological impact of (95/60)
globalization on people working in the 2. Write short note on changing social origins of
Informal sector. (09/30) political elites in India. (94/20)
30. Women in the I.T. sector. (10/20) 3. Write short note on Role of pressure groups
31. Evaluate the pol icy of SEZ (special in Indian politics. (96/20)
economic zones) and the nature of social 4. Describe the traditional power structure in
response to it. rural India. Discuss the factors that have
(10/30) contributed to its changing pattern in recent
32. From a sociological perspective, examine the years. (96/60)
effects of the BPO industry on the youth. 5. Write short note on Pluralism and national
(10/30) unity. (97/20)
33. What are the l inkage poi nts b etween 6. Describe the socio-cultural background of the
globalization and the growth of the informal political elites of contemporary India. What
sector? How have these affected the nature has been the in luence of the background on
and functioning of the working class? their political orientations? (97/60)
(11/30) 7. Write short note on Implicati ons of
34. Westernization and institutional changes in emergence of regional political parties.
India. (12/12) (98//20)
35. Discuss the factors which contributed to 8. Write short note on National Unity. (99/20)
industrial modernization in India. What are

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9. Discuss 73rd and 74th Constitutional 27. Gandhi’s efforts on communal harmony
Amend-ments with reference to (10 marks)(2014)
decentralization of power. (99/60) 28. Discuss B. R. Ambedkar as a wise democrat.
10. What have been the functions of democracy (20 Marks)(2015)
in India? Has democracy been successful in 29. Analyze Gandhi as a moralist, ascetic and man
eliminating some of the traditional social of action through his Hind Swaraj.
inequalities? (00/60)
(20 Marks)(2015)
11. What is meant by democratic de-
30. Comment on the increasing signi icance of
centralization ? Assess the working of
caste in politics. (10 marks)(2016)
Panchayati Raj in India. (01/60)
(V) SOCIAL MOVEMENTS IN MOD ERN IND IA
12. Elaborate the concept of political elite.
1. Describe the factors related to social
Explain how social structural origins of
movements. In the light of these factors
political elites in luence their political
explai n the emergence of peasant
orientations. (01/60)
movements in India. (97/60)
13. Write short note on Reservat ion and
2. Write short note on Revivalist soci al
Panchayat Raj institutions. (02/20)
14. Write short note on Regionalism. (03/20)
3. Write short note on Naxalbari Movement.
15. Differentiate between pressure groups and (99/20)
interest groups. Describe the role of some
4. Write short note onSelf-respect movement.
prominent pressure groups in contemporary
(00/20)
Indian politics. (03/60)
5. Write short note on Satya Sodhak Samaj.
16. “The 73rd and the 74th constitutional
amend-ments have mot ivated social (01/20)
mobilisation in rural India.”- Discuss. (04/60) 6. Examine the role of Arya Samaj and
17. Write short note on Pluralism and national Rama-krishna Mission asreform movements
unity. (05//20) in India (01/60)
18. Discuss the social base of political parties in 7. Analyses the ideological and strategically
India. What has been its impact on Indian features of Naxalbari movement. (02/60)
democracy? (05/60) 8. Write short note on Caste mobilisation in
19. Write short note on Regionalism. (07/20 North India. (04/20)
20. Write short note on New rural elite and 9. Write short note on Self-respect movement.
leadership. (09/20) (05/20)
21. Factors responsible for increasing demands 10. Describe the process of social mobility
for the formation of separate states. (10/20) among lower castes and discuss the role of
the Backward Classes Movement in
22. Ethnic movements. (10/20)
strengthening this process. (05/60)
23. Identify the reasons for the resilience of
11. Write short note on Backward Classes
democratic system in India. (10/30)
Movement. (06/20)
24. How are the i ssues of ethni city and
12. Write short note on Self Respect Movement.
nationalism related? Discuss in the context of
(06/20)
the emergence of ethno-nationalism in India.
(11/30) 13. Discuss the role of various reform
25. Regional political elites and the democratic
process. (12/12) 14. What factors account for the resurgence of
ethnic identity movements in India? What,
26. Analyse the role of communal ism in
according to you, is the proper strategy of
undermining democracy in India. (13/20)
integration of ethnic groups in the
mainstream? (08/60)
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15. Dynamics of Dalit movement. (09/20) (VI) POPULA TION DY NA MIC S

16. Evaluate the success of Indian peasant 1. Write short note on increasing economic
movements in achieving their goals. (09/30) d isparit ies between rural and urban
17. Assess the contribution of contemporary populations. (98/20)
women’s movements in women’s 2. Examine the socio-economic consequences of
empowerment. (10/30) the changing age-structure of India’s
18. Stages of the Women’s movement in India. population. (98/60)
(11/15) 3. Write short note on Socio-cultural factors
19. Critically examine D.N Dhanagare’s on related to declining proportion of females in
agrarian movement in India. (11/20) sex ratio. (00/20)
20. Critically examine the concept of nation and 4. Write short note on Socio-cultural factors
citizenship in the context of (12/20) influencing infant mortality rates. ( 0 3 / 20)
21. Have the new economic poli cy and 5. Discuss the salient features of the population
economic reforms led to weakening of policy of Government of India. What
labour class movements? Explain your views modifications would you suggest to make it
with examples. (12/30) more effective? (06/60)
22. Bring out mai n features of farmer’s 6. Write short note on Social factors related to
movement in Modern India. (13/20) declining sex-ratio. (06/20)
23. Discuss the soci ologi cal aspect of 7. Write short note on Reproductive Health.
movements for separate states. (13/20) (08/20)
24. What is the Dalit Movement? Examine the 8. Write short note on Fertility and population
Issues highlighted by it. (13/20) growth. (09/20)
25. Dynamics of Contemporary Dalit movements. 9. Comment on the influence of social and
(10 marks) (2014) cultural factors on family planning in India.
26. What are the main features of the second wave (09/20)
of Women’s movement in the Indian context? 10. Discuss the socio-cultural factors for the
(20 marks) (2014) declining sex-ratio in some states of India.
27. Discuss the ‘Chipko movement’ as an example (10/30)
of eco-feminism. (20 marks) (2014) 11. Social security measures for the elderly.
28. Discuss the impact of post-1970 feminist (10/20)
movement on Indian middle class. 12. Bring out the relationship between fertility
(20 Marks) (2015) and social structure as viewed by Davis and
29. What are the major concerns of ethnic identity Blake. (11/30)
and religious identity in India? 13. Infant Mortality Rate is the most sensitive index
(20 Marks) (2015) for measuring development. Comment.
(11/15)
30. Discuss the main features of farmers’
movements in Independent India. 14. Explain the interface between population,
(20 Marks) (2015) ecology and environment in the context of
India. (11/20)
31. Discuss the various forms of environmental
15. Demographic perspective of Indian youth.
movements waged in India.
(12/12)
(10 Marks) (2016)
32. What is the factor accounting for the
resurgence of ethnic identity movements in
India? (10 Marks) (2016)
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Vikash Ranjan
16. Discuss some social and cultural 10. How do you de ine development? What are
determinants of infant mortality rate. Give your suggestions to resolve the issues of
your suggestions to prevent. displacement and environment related to
17. Trends of Infant Mortality Rate among females development? (08/60)
(10 marks)(2014) 11. Do you think that poverty, deprivation and
inequalities are the major challenges in the
18. What are the demographic projections for the
process of social transformation? What are
ageing population (60+) for the next decade? your suggestions to address and resolve these
What are the implications for formulating problems? (09/60)
policy for them ? (20 marks)(2014) 12. Highlight the important dimensions of inter-
19. Discuss the problems of elderly in India. What caste con lict in India. (10/30)
are the different perspectives to solve their 13. Structural factors behind violence against
problems? (10 Marks)(2015) women. (11/15)
20. Why is it necessary to implement PCPNDT Act 14. Casteism is the modern edition of the caste
in India? (10 Marks)(2015) system.’ Do you agree with this statement?
21. Differential sex-ratio and its implications. Discuss with arguments. (11/20)
(10 Marks)(2016) 15. “Tradition and modernity are misplaced
22. How is ageing becoming an emerging issue in polarities in the study of social change in India”
Indian society? (10 Marks)(2016) Elucidate. (11/30)
(VII) CHALLENGES OF SOCIAL TRANSFORMATION 16. Describe those social changes which have
1. Describe the factures responsible for contributed to increase of violence against
increasing economic inequalities in India and women. What are the emerging forms of
discuss their social consequences. (96/60) violence against women? Suggest suitable
2. How far has education of women led to an measure to contain this problem? (12/30)
improvement in their social status in the 17. Do you think that some policies and laws
modern Indian society? Which other factors relating to environment have retarded the
are related to the status of women in India? development process? Give examples. How can
(96/60) an ideal balance between environmental
3. “Political and economic empowerment of protection and development goals be brought
women is necessary but not a suf icient about? (12/30)
condition for improving social of women in 18. Domestic Violence Act, 2005
India”. (98/60) (10 marks)(2014)
4. Critically evaluate the existing welfare 19. Impact of privatisation on educational
programmes for women in India. Have they disparities. (10 marks)(2014)
bene ited all sections of women in India? 20. Rural landless labourers and development
(01/60) induced Displacement . (10 marks)(2014)
5. Write short note on Nature of atrocities on 21. What are the possible underlying causes of the
married. (02/20) spurt of increased violence against women in
6. Discuss in detail atrocities women and suggest public spaces in the last decade ?
annihilative measures for them. (04/60) (20 marks)(2014)
7. Write short note on Discrimination against 22. Many caste con licts are between castes which
women. (06/20) are close to each other on the hierarchical
8. Write short note on Problem of dowry. scale.’ Give a sociological explanation for this
(07/20) phenomenon. (20 marks) (2014)
9. Write short note on Religious revivalism. 23. Feminization of poverty. (10 marks) (2015)
(08/20) 24. Effect of displacement through development
on the rural landless and marginal farmers.
(10 marks) (2015)

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Vikash Ranjan
25. How serious is the problem of traf icking 28. Elucidate the concepts of
against women and children in India? ‘majoritarianism’ and ‘minoritarianism’ in
(20 Marks)(2015) accentuating communal tensions in India.
26. Human development approach af irms that (20 Marks)(2016)
education and health-care growth are more 29. Privatization of education and
important than economic growth. Discuss this increasing inequalities.
issue in the light of post-liberalized Indian (10 Marks)(2016).
society. (20 Marks) (2015) 30. Discuss the emerging forms of
27. Write a brief note on the freedom of press. “inequalities” and ‘acute poverty’ as
(10 Marks)(2015) major challenges of social
transformation in India.
(10 Marks)(2016)

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ABOUT ESSAY IN CIVIL SERVICES EXAMINATION
With the change in the Civil Services Main pattern and syllabus in 2014, ESSAY paper acquired more
importance than earlier. Earlier a candidate had to write on one topic for 250 marks. With the change in the
syllabus, now, candidates have to write on two topics for 250 marks. This has helped the students in scoring
good marks. And overall EFFECTIVE Contribution of ESSAY Marks has increased many fold in their final
selection.
Writing a good essay requires an art of ACQUIRING KNOWLEDGE, and SKILL to write through
ELABORATION, EXPLANATION & EXEMPLIFICATION. And this skill can be acquired through
ACQUISITION of KNOWLEDGE practice of WRITING under an expert guidance.
Writing an essay in school is different from writing in Civil Services Examination. The reason being, an
evaluator of UPSC looks for an in-depth ELABORATION, EXPLANATION & EXEMPLIFICATION in precise
and coherent manner. UPSC wants to ensure candidates' ability to comprehend the topic analytically. The
evaluators while evaluating the papers takes into account-the comprehension, originality of thought, clarity of
expression and integrated thinking with assimilation of ideas on temporal & sectoral scales.
The UPSC notification reads as, “Candidates will be expected to keep closely to the subject of the essay to
arrange their ideas in orderly fashion and to write concisely. Credit will be given for effective and exact
expression.”

Old Rajender Nagar, New Delhi-110060
TO ALL
150+
SELECTION
ACHIEVERS OF CSE-17
Under the Personal Guidance of
CSE - 2017
Vikash Ranjan
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Prudhvitej Rishi Raj Aparna Gupta Bipasha Kalita Adityavikram Hirani Aditya V. Yadav Pratibha Rani Manish Kumar Prateek Jain Benson S. Ninan Ketan Garg
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Arpit Upadhyaya Rahul Pandey Ankita Mishra Priyanaka Bothra Deepika Deepanshu Khurana Akash Bansal Saurbh Sameer Abhinav Chouksey Aman Vaishnav Yatish Deshmukh Anshu Kumar
Ram Prakash Indra Badan Jha Mudit Jain Umesh P. Gupta Vaibhav Sharma Ankit Yadav Kritika Jain Pryank Mahr Charu Sharma Nikita Khattar Smit Santosh Deepak Kedia
GUPTA
IN
H
SAC
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Ankit Jain Karnati Varunreddy Advash Mishra Harsh Singh RANKKartik Kr Singh Harveer Singh Neetu Bharat Mittal Ranawat Pooja
RE
E HARSHA 3
S
KOYA
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Shalesh Jain Govind Mohan Shreyas P. Singh Brij Shankar Shiv Narayan Sharma Lavanya Gupta Aman Bisla
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6
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Pratik Khamatkar
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Harikesh Singh
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Priynaka Singh TOP
ACHIEVERS
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Shivin Goyal
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Rubika Goyal
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Nishant Krishna
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Abhinav Kumar
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Himanshu Garg
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Anuibhuti
353 2017 RANK
Amit Kumar
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Amrit Pal Kaur
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Suryavanshi
373
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Rushikesh Reddy
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Vijay Taneja
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Rituraj
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Krishan Lalchandani
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Swapnil
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Shah Jay
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18 RANK 449 RANK 475 RANK 481 RANK 485 RANK 505
Himanshu Srivastava Abhishek Khanna Tejas Pawar Shashank S.Pandey Arun Suraj Patel Sushil Kumar Gaush Alam Mukul Jamloki
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Manesh K. Gupta Abhishek Bharti Chandan Samir Kumar Jena Siddharth Kataria Kshitiz Saini Kumar Ambrish Kundan Kanwaria Tambe Nilesh Raunak Ranjan Harshit Saini Rajesh Kr. Punia
Dr. G. Monika Prince Kumar Akash Agrawal Shivraj Sayabin Urwashi Kumari Promoth Bhumika Saini Diksha Bhoria Navin Sreejith Arif Khan Abhinav Gopal Rohit Singh
Sidharth Gautam Priyanka Rani Vinod Meena Nidhi Chouhan Sahil Sarangal Pratibha Vijay Kumar P. Ashok B Gopala Krishna Rajkesh Meena Ashish Kumar Akshay S. Markam Kumar Saumya
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SOCIOLOGY

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