Full Capacity Analysis of Professional B PDF

2009
FULL CAPACITY
ANALYSIS OF
PROFESSIONAL
BADMINTON PLAYER
Peter Mikkelsen
The document also consist a full annual planning with determined goals, peaks,
strength and running programs and many more
Stefan Ljutzkanov
Aalborg Sportshojskole Badminton Coaching Education
1/21/2009
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Aalborg Sportshojskole ©
Before everything I would like to say a BIG THANKS to:
Kenneth Larsen – for inspiring me to finding the “new” truth, helping me to by myself
Claus Poulsen – for showing us his practical experience and being opened to us
Kim Lynge – for opening his library for me
Stefanos – for provoking me searching the “truth” and asking myself am I on the right track
And to all my colleagues for the opportunity to work together during the whole year.
Stefan Ljutzkanov, all rights reserved ©

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Contents
Introduction of the analysis..................................................................................................................5
Introduction of the player ....................................................................................................................9
Analysis of the goals and the vision of the player ................................................................................9
Technical analysis .............................................................................................................................. 10
High service ....................................................................................................................................... 12
Short forehand service ...................................................................................................................... 13
Forehand spin shots (sliced) .............................................................................................................. 14
Forehand spin shot (reversed) .......................................................................................................... 15
Backhand spin shot (top spun) .......................................................................................................... 16
Backhand reverse spin shots ............................................................................................................. 17
Forehand pull drop shot with two footed jump(straight) ................................................................. 18
Backhand pull drop shot (straight) .................................................................................................... 20
Forehand smash with two footed jump ............................................................................................ 21
Forehand full power jump smash...................................................................................................... 22
Full power smash from around the head corner with scissor jump ................................................. 23
Forehand smash return – straight ..................................................................................................... 25
Backhand smash return – straight..................................................................................................... 26
Conclusion of the technical part........................................................................................................ 27
Physical analysis ................................................................................................................................ 27
Introduction ....................................................................................................................................... 27
Aerobic system capacity .................................................................................................................... 35
Aerobic endurance ............................................................................................................................ 35
Aerobic power ................................................................................................................................... 35
Anaerobic system capacity ................................................................................................................ 35
Anaerobic power ............................................................................................................................... 35
Anaerobic endurance ........................................................................................................................ 35
Strength capacity ............................................................................................................................... 36
Speed ................................................................................................................................................. 36
Conclusion ......................................................................................................................................... 38
Tactical analysis ................................................................................................................................. 40
Analyzing of the tactical skills – recognition and decision making.................................................... 43
Conclusion ......................................................................................................................................... 43
Mental analysis (awareness of own mental skills) ............................................................................ 44
Conclusion ......................................................................................................................................... 45

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Annual planning ................................................................................................................................. 46

Overview of the used methods for analysis and tracking of the progress ........................................ 46
Non-linear periodization ................................................................................................................... 46
Setting the goals ................................................................................................................................ 52
Real Annual planning: overview ........................................................................................................ 52
Preparation phase 1 .......................................................................................................................... 55
General preparation period 1 ............................................................................................................ 55
Macro 1.............................................................................................................................................. 55
Strength program – Macro 1 ............................................................................................................. 56
Conditioning program – Macro 1 ...................................................................................................... 56
Micro 1 – example of training micro cycle ........................................................................................ 56
Specific preparation period 1 ............................................................................................................ 65
Macro 2.............................................................................................................................................. 65
Competition phase 2 ......................................................................................................................... 75
Precompetition period 1 ................................................................................................................... 75
Macro 3.............................................................................................................................................. 75
Micro 3 – example of restitution micro cycle.................................................................................... 76
Competition period 1 ........................................................................................................................ 84
Macro 4.............................................................................................................................................. 84
Micro 4 – example of competition micro cycle ................................................................................. 84
Preparation phase 2 .......................................................................................................................... 88
General preparation period 2 ............................................................................................................ 88
Macro 5.............................................................................................................................................. 88
Macro 6.............................................................................................................................................. 88
Specific preparation period 2 ............................................................................................................ 89

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Macro 7.............................................................................................................................................. 89
Macro 8.............................................................................................................................................. 90
Competition phase 2 ......................................................................................................................... 90
Precompetition period 2 ................................................................................................................... 91
Macro 9.............................................................................................................................................. 91
Strength program - Macro 9 ............................................................................................................. 91
Competition period 2 ........................................................................................................................ 91
Macro 10............................................................................................................................................ 92
Strength and conditioning program – Macro 10 ............................................................................... 92
Transition phase ................................................................................................................................ 92
Transition period ............................................................................................................................... 92
Macro 11............................................................................................................................................ 92
Specific strength program – Macro 11 .............................................................................................. 92
Conditioning program – Macro 11 .................................................................................................... 93
Conclusion for the capacity analysis.................................................................................................. 93
References ......................................................................................................................................... 94
Strength program .............................................................................................................................. 96
Conditioning program ....................................................................................................................... 97
APP1 - Notational analysis to compare the 21 scoring system to 15 scoring system ....................... 98
APP2 - Steininger and Wodick’s sport specific test ........................................................................... 99
APP3 – Conconi test ........................................................................................................................ 100
APP4 - The Borg CR10 scale, 2004 ................................................................................................... 101
APP5 – VO2max rating and test ...................................................................................................... 102
APP 6- Wingate test rating and test ................................................................................................ 103
APP 7- Contact ground time – rating ............................................................................................... 104
APP8 – MAS point rating ................................................................................................................. 105
APP9 – Test for mental awareness .................................................................................................. 106
APP10 – Test for tactical awareness................................................................................................ 107
APP11 – Borg scale 0-20 .................................................................................................................. 108

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Introduction of the analysis

As reading the analysis it is very important to understand that most of the methods used inside are
new and they represent a new way of thinking and understanding how the “truth” can be
observed, analyzed and presented. I’ve tried to combine everything what we learned during the
year with everything what I believe it is very important during my career as professional coach.
The first method I’ve used for a better visualization of what the situation can be and what it is radial
diagram (See below).
This one is example of what

can be a realistic players
The circle represents the profile.
combination between all the As you can see, the areas
four areas – technical, are not full up. This
TECHNICAL tactical, physical and mental difference between what is
TECHNICAL
now and what can be shows
the areas which should be
work with.
TACTICAL The rhomboid represents the profile MENTAL TACTICAL MENTAL

of the player – it is connection
between the level of the player of
each one area. This one represents
the perfect player.
PHYSICAL PHYSICAL
As you can see they are very easy to be read and very easy shows what and where is the area for
development. They are widely used for a fast recognition for which priority is more important than other.
Everyone of the area – technical, tactical, mental or physical has its own diagram. (See below – the
diagrams are an example, the real are into the analysis)

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TECHNICAL TACTICAL
Forehand spin shots Recognition controlled
High service reversed defensive situatin Recognition of
Backhand spin shots Recognition total offensive uncontrolled defensive
Short service forehand situation
situation
Backhand reversed spin
Recognition of middle
shots
Forehand spin shots Recognition constructive court game
offensive situation
Forehand pull drop
shots
Forehand smash return Fighting for the initiative
straight Backhand pull drop Decision making at
shots constructive offensive s.
PML jump Forehand smash with

two footed jump Decision making between Decision making at total
controlled and constructive s.
Backhand smash return Forehand full power uncontrolled defensive sit.
cross smash Decision making between
Decision making at constructive offensive and
Backhand smash return Backhand smash uncontrolled defensive sit. total offensive sit.
straight
Forehand smash return Decision making at
corss controlled defensive sit.
PHYSICAL MENTAL
Aerobic endurance Self confidence
Anaerobic endurance Attantional focus
Productive thinking
Aerobic power
Self - awareness Energy management
General strength
Anaerobic power
Identity
Achievement drive achievement
Aerobic speed
Nutrition before, during

and after competition Anaerobic speed Interpersonal
competence
Cohesion
Daily base nutrition Leadership

Specific strength
Communication
Contact ground time Team confidence
To use such diagrams everything should be compared to the basic theory or a related theory which
we assume is “perfect” – described as 1 – which represents 100% correctness. So there are 0.1 –
10%, 0.2 – 20%, 0.3 – 30%, etc. This is used to be determined where exactly on the line of the specific
element should the point line on. The priority of each one element is determined individually. This
means that if we have technical stroke, the stroke is break down to: starting position, backward
swing, pronation, supination, and forward swing, time of impact, follow through. If the main reason
for making not correct stroke is because of the starting position, then the highest percentage is going
to be over the starting position. If everything is perfect at some of the stage of performing the stroke,
then it has 0% for correctness. So it can looks like this: stroke X – starting position (30%), backwards
swing (10%), time of impact (10%), forward swing (0%), follow through (0%) – in total 50% or 0.5 of 1
– half on the line. This has been made for each one of the analyzed strokes.

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Of course at the specific points I am giving my opinion as coach, but the relation to the theory is very
important and it is one of the topics in this assignment.
Also is important to mention that there are subjective parts, as the tactical part. Practically is very
hard to be made accurate measurement of the player. It is more general, partly specific as the
viewed points are at recognition area and decision making area. Again it is related to the basic
theory.
The second method I’ve used is video analysis by specific software. There are two basic programs I’ve
used for video analysis – Kinovea (www.kinovea.org ) and Dartfish (www.dartfish.com ).
Kinovea is a specific video player, which use slow motion video preview, usage of plane (very
comfortable for specifying where the court is), calculation of the angle of the specific strokes, etc.
Dartfish is software which helps to compare players at the same time, at the slow motion with
determine different angles.
For finding the necessary energy gain for food intake I’ve used CRON-O-METER (it can be found at
www.sourceforge.net – open source community)
At the analysis of physical capacity I’ve used a combination of tests – on court and off court. The
purpose of this developed combination of series of tests is to shows the realistic physical capacity at
game like atmosphere. The combination of these tests was defended at my scientific assignment, but
also you will see explanation with references and here (for reference – see the assignment).
At the building up of the annual planning I’ve used specific software for it – Optimo
(www.optimobadminton.com ), as software for periodization, planning, analysis, tracking the results
(diary) and nutrition and health. The software is used by many world famous players in deferent
sports. At the part of the periodization I am using linear periodization, but I also compare it with non-
linear periodization. The reason why I compare it is a research of Sean Sturgess, MS and National
Sport Council of Malaysia, Robert Newton, PhD, of National Sport Institute and Edith Cowan
University Australia, which shows that traditional linear periodization strategies will not be suitable
for badminton athletes. Linear periodization looks to build hypertrophy, then maximum strength and
doesn’t work for athletes that compete in more than 8 tournaments a year (it can be found as article
at www.nsca-lift.org ). Also I observe some of the problems which are showed if the linear
periodization is used.
For describing specific exercise which I use in the strength and run programs, also at some of the
training sessions I’ve used Visual Coaching Pro software (VCP – www.visualcoaching.com ), which has

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a data base with more than 6500 specific exercises and a wild glossary and also as the software
where I built the linear periodization.
To determine the mental skills related to badminton I use questionnaire developed from OMSAT – 3
tests, which are developed by Ottawa University of Psychology (Durand-Bush, N., Salmela, J. H.,
Green-Demers, I., 2006). I’ve used them in a simple way to determine the necessary qualities. Again
the usage of questionnaire like that of non expert, as me, can lead to a wrong conclusion. To avoid
this, I didn’t give any percentage of what is now, but I show what can be developed. The only one
relation is, is it under the minimum necessary or not. I took the minimum from the OMSAT-3 date
base. (The Ottawa Mental Skills Assessment Tool, School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa,
ON, K1N 6N5, Canada).
My purpose of making this assignment so complex (and complicated) is to make it as foundation

which can be used for analyzing of elite badminton players. During the development of it, I found out
that some of the theory is far away from the practical side – even famous physiological researches
and studies are still referring to analysis based on the old scoring system and over notational analysis
which show great differences between each other.
That why I had to modify some of them or even to update some of them.
I understand that by doing analysis as this, trying to observe all the areas in a scientific way there is a
dangerous the assignment to be understood as “the truth”, which is not the purpose, but to show a
different way and new perspectives of the analysis.

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Introduction of the player
Peter Mikkelsen is professional badminton player from Denmark, right now with ranking 50 in the
World in men single as his only one discipline. At the last national championship he played final
against Peter Hoeg Gade where he lost 1:2. At the last 3 years a number of coaches who’ve been
working with him reported a great development.
He is born at 9th of august 1982, height 180 cm and the last season he played for Horsens under the
coaching of Leon Roy.
Here are some of the International results which he has the last few years in men single:
2009 – Viktor Dutch International – Quarter – Finalist
2009 – Finnish International Championship – Winner
2009 – Croatian International Open - Winner
2008 – Scottish International Championship – Semi – Finalist
2008 – Bit burger Open Grand Prix – Semi – finalist
2007 – Yonex Irish International Championship – Winner
2007 – XX Spanish Open – Winner
2007 – Portuguese International Championship – Winner
As the best played tournament till now he reported Spanish Open, as a second tournament won in a
raw with a lot of very strong international players.
Analysis of the goals and the vision of the player

At this part we are going to take a look over the goals which Peter has the last season.
We assumed that each goal should be S.M.A.R.T – specific, measurable, attainable, realistic, timely.
At the interview with the player he reports a general vision to become in the top 10 players in the
World but as a vision this is still not specific goal comparing it with the characteristics of the
S.M.A.R.T goal.
For the last session, he reports a goal for playing semifinals at the National Games, as he succeeds to
play even final. This goal is very specific and into the characteristics of S.M.A.R.T goals.

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Technical analysis
As I mention in the introduction I’ve develop a specific point system, which I visualized, as using
radial diagrams, as comparing the specific element to the “perfect” one based on the basic theory
and the book of Kenneth Larsen for Badminton Development.
I have to mention that I’ve been prioritized the specific phase of the strokes in a different way. I am
going to continue to work to determine a way for prioritizing the importance of the mistakes in very
best way.
Here is the general table with its explanation bellow:
Elements of the Importance Coefficient % of Absol Real points Changes to

stroke for the of influence ute be made to
stroke * importanc * Points fit the basic
e theory
1 Grip handle 1 3 12.51 % 0.13 0.13 To be
changed
2 Starting position 2 2 8.34 % 0.08 0
3 Change of grip 3 1 4.17 % 0.04 0
4 Pronation 1 3 12.51 % 0.13 0
(inward
rotation)
5 Supination 1 3 12.51 % 0.13 0
(outward
rotation)
6 Backswing 2 2 8.34 % 0.08 0
7 Forward swing 2 2 8.34 % 0.08 0
8 Time of impact 1 3 12.51 % 0.13 0.13 To be
changed
9 Fallow through 2 2 8.34 % 0.08 0.08 To be
changed
10 Contact ground 1 3 12.51 % 0.13 0.13 To be
timing changed
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In total: 16 24
1 = 4.17% 100 % 1 0.47 0.53
Incorrectness Correctness
of the stroke of the
stroke
Elements of the stroke:

1. Grip handle: the way the player handle the grip
2. Starting position: as he define it
3. Change of grip: if he use a deception, so the change of the grip is necessary to perform the
stroke.

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4. Pronation (inwards rotation): inwards rotation used in the stroke.

5. Supination (outwards rotation): outwards rotation used in the stroke.
6. Back swing.
7. Forward swing.
8. Time of impact.
9. Contact ground timing: the time when the foot/feet lends.
All together there are 10 elements which I took a look over the technique. All of them are
taken of the book of Kenneth Larsen for technical development.
Importance of strokes:
The importance of the strokes is individual for each stroke. Above you can see an example of
how the importance can be. 1 (one) means the highest importance for the specific stroke. 2 (two)
means the second highest importance for the stroke and 3 (tree) means the third importance of the
stroke. According to the importance is given a percent of incorrectness.
Percentage of influence: The percent of influence shows how much an element influence the specific
stoke. When the percentage exists this means that this element of the stroke is incorrect comparing
to the basic theory. To find out how much each one element has as percentage of influence is (%),
I’ve divide 100% to the sum of coefficients which are given according to the importance, so if the
importance is the highest (1) the coefficient is the highest (3), and so on (2 – 2, 3 - 1). You can see it
into the table. So simply – 100% divided to SUM (coefficients for 1, 2, 3 priorities).
Points (for visualization): The points are equal to the percentage of incorrectness, but in decimal drop
– so 10% is equal to 0.1. It is important to mention that when the total of the points is sum up, to
visualize it, it is draw from the end of the circle to the middle. By doing this we guarantee that the
radial diagram really shows what is the performance or the correctness of the stroke (not the
incorrectness)
Changes to be made to fit the basic theory: depending on the phase that has to be change, this
column consist what should be changed and in which direction, if we want to change the technique
to fit the basic theory. It is important to be mentioned, that all the comparison is regarding the basic
theory and this doesn’t mean that the stroke is wrong or incorrect in general, but to the basic theory.
It is very important to be understood that if there are elements which are perfectly performed they
are going to have 0% of incorrectness compared to the BT (basic theory), regardless of the
importance. Why? Because for us is not interesting what is perfectly performed, but what is not and
can be improved (to fit the basic theory). So according to the example up, we have to put a point at

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0.45 points from the end of the circle to center, which shows performance (or correctness) of the
stroke of 0.55 of 1 or 55% of a perfect stroke which will be 100%.
Specific
stroke
0.55 correct
As you can see for the whole technical area, each one of the following strokes are going to have own
description, table of the element with the calculation of the % correctness to BT.
This is the point which is going to connected with the other similar point for the other strokes, so at
the end the whole diagram is going to show the correctness of whole technique.
Every one stroke is video typed from two view points. By using Dartfish Software I’ve put them
together so the same stroke is observed from two directions. By using Cyberlink Power Director for
video editing I’ve combined all the strokes with explanation in the video.
High service
The grip is forehand grip and the grip position is at the bottom of the racquet. The starting position is
about 0.75 m from the service line with the left foot in front pointing to the net and the right food at
the back pointing at the right poll. The racquet is tilled upwards to the left as it is almost at the eye
height. The elbow is around 90 degrees. The left arm is tilled upward to the right as holding the
shuttle and also is bent around 90 degrees. The weight of the starting position is over the right food.
He starts the back swing as stretching and the elbow shortly backwards and downwards while
rotating the hips and the body and shifting the weight from the right food to the left. The supination
while the stretching almost doesn’t exist. He compensates the supination by bending the wrist. The
forward swing starts immediately after the backswing is over. The bent wrist now is stretching while
the forward swing is performed as moving the racquet forward and a little upwards towards the
shuttle. The time of impact is around half a meter away from the left food. In the fallow through the

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arm is continue to pronate, just a little more and its ends pointing backwards and upwards behind
the left ear.
Elements of the Importanc Coefficient of % of influence Points Changes to be

stroke e for the importance * made to fit the
stroke * Basic theory.
1 Grip handle 2 2 0
2 Starting position 2 2 0
3 Change of grip None
4 Pronation 1 3 14.29 % 0.14
(inward
rotation)
5 Supination 1 3 14.29 % 0.14
(outward
rotation)
6 Backswing 1 3 14.29 % 0.14
7 Forward swing 1 3 14.29 % 0.14
8 Time of impact 1 3 0
9 Fallow through 2 2 0
10 Contact ground None
timing
In total: 11 21 57.14 % 0.57 0.33
1 p = 4.77 Point of Points of
incorrectness correctness
Short forehand service

The grip is forehand grip a little bit turned anticlockwise. He is positioned around half a meter away
from the service line with the left foot in front pointing forward and a little at right and left foot point
around the right poll. The grip position is closer to the end of the racquet.
The starting position is with racquet pointing downwards and a little bit forward around his left foot,
as the elbow is bent around 120 degrees. The left arm is holding the shuttle as the elbow is bent
around 90 degrees and points to the right side.
From here he starts the backswing as supinating the forearm backwards without stretching the
elbow. As doing the backswing he shift the weight from the right foot to the left foot and at the same
time he moves the left arm while holding the shuttle in semi circle backwards till reach his right hip.
From there he starts the forward swing as supinating and bending the elbow more till reaching
around 90 degrees till he reach the time of impact, which is around the high of his left hip and around
30 cm away from his body. The movement is performed as moving the arm around the shoulder join
in semicircle, without to change the degrees of the wrist or the elbow. At the same time he rotates
his hips as the weight is already shifted to the left foot.

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The follow through is continuous of the semi circle movement till he reach his left hip and then he
supinates continuing the semicircle till he reach around the height of his right shoulder.
Elements of Importance Coefficient % of Points Changes to be

the stroke for the of influence * made to fit the
stroke * importance Basic theory
1 Grip handle 1 3 0
2 Starting 3 1 5.26 % 0.05 Higher racquet
position position *
3 Change of grip None
4 Pronation 1 3 0
(inward
rotation)
5 Supination 2 2 0
(outward
rotation)
6 Backswing 1 3 0
7 Forward swing 2 2 0
9 Fallow through 2 2 10.52 % 0.1 Continues *
10 Contact ground None
timing
In total: 19 15.78 % 0.15 0.85
Forehand spin shots (sliced)

The grip is forehand grip turned anticlockwise around 10-20 degrees. It is more close to normal
forehand grip than to the “frying pen” grip. The starting position is with the racquet in front pointing
to the net a little bit upwards and to the left. The left hand is bent around 90 degrees and it is
pointing around the left poll. The right foot is in front pointing straight and a little bit to the left and
left foot at the back pointing almost to the left poll.
From this starting position the racquet goes upwards and to the right while supinating the forearm
and the elbow is stretching. This cause the racquet to make a movement from left to right as starting
with forward swing end with backswing with racquet pointing to right and a little up.
Than starts the second forward swing, as making a semi circle with the racquet while moving it from
right to left. The wrist is a little bit bent as cause the racquet to point a little downwards.
The time of impact is in front the wrist when the racquet moves in the semi circle from left to right. It
is visible that he hits the shuttle at the right site of the cork which causes the spin together with
movement from right to left. He makes a little fallow through as continues movement of the semi
circle.

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After starting the first forward swing he start and the step with the right foot, as the contact ground
timing is a little bit before the time of impact.
Elements of Importanc Coefficient % of Points Changes to be made

the stroke e for the of influence to fit the Basic
stroke * importance theory
1 Grip handle 1 3 12.5 % 0.13 More to frying pen

grip
2 Starting 1 3 12.5 % 0.13 The racquet to be
position more higher
3 Change of grip
4 Pronation 2 2 0
(inward
rotation)
5 Supination 1 3 0
(outward
rotation)
6 Backswing 1 3 0
9 Fallow through 2 2 0 0
10 Contact ground 1 3 12.5 % 0.13 To be after the time
timing of impact
In total: 12 24 0.39 0.61
1 p = Point of Points of
4.17 incorrectness correctness
Forehand spin shot (reversed)

The grip he use is forehand grip turned anticlockwise around 10-20 degrees. The grip position is
closer to the end of the racquet. The starting position is with the racquet in front pointing to the net
a little bit upwards and to the left. The left hand is bent around 90 degrees and it is pointing around
the left poll. The right foot is in front pointing straight and a little bit to the left and left foot at the
back pointing almost to the left poll.
From this starting position starts the forward swing as the racquet goes upwards while supinating
and a little bit to the left (it is almost straight to the shuttle), then makes a shorter pronation which
cause the racquet to move from left to right in a semi circle, as under a balloon. The follow through is
continues movement caused by the pronation and it is very short after the hit of the shuttle.
The time of impact is in front and to the right of the right shoulder, when the racquet is making the
semi circle. At the time of impact, the racquet is pointing forward and downwards and a little bit to
the right.

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The footwork is a push step which is performed from left to right. This shuttle is hit at the left side of
the cork which causes the spin to be reversed. The contact ground timing of the right foot is again a
little bit before the time of impact.

1 Grip handle 1 3 0
2 Starting 2 2 10 % 0.1 The racquet to be
position higher
3 Change of grip
4 Pronation 1 1 0
(inward
rotation)
5 Supination 1 3 15 % 0.15 A little bit more
(outward supination
rotation)
6 Backswing
7 Forward swing 1 3 15 % 0.15 To go more to the
left
8 Time of impact 1 3 15 % 0.15 To be in front of
the bent wrist
10 Contact ground 1 3 15 % 0.15 To be after the
timing time of impact
In total: 12 20 0.7 0.3
1p= 5 Point of Points of
Backhand spin shot (top spun)

The grip he uses is normal backhand grip. The starting position is with the right foot in front pointing
a little to the left and left foot pointing at the left side of the court. The racquet is pointing
downwards and to the left, almost to the left poll of the court. The elbow is slightly bent. The wrist is
also slightly bent. The left arm is bent around 90 degrees and point to the left side of the court and a
little downwards.
From this starting position the arm is starting to move forward, making the forward swing, as
pronating the arm and stretching fully the elbow and lifting it up together with the wrist making a
movement from left to right, till the racquet points forward the net and a little bit downwards. The
cause the racquet to be enough turned to hit the shuttle at the right side of the cork which makes the
spin of the shuttle to increase. Then there is a short and fast supination with movement of the
racquet from right to left in a semi circle as under a small balloon. The time of impact is in front of
the left shoulder and around a meter and a half away from it, when the racquet is making the semi

16
circle under the shuttle, as the racquet is pointing forward and downwards and a little bit to the left.
The fallow through is caused because of continues pronation after the time of impact.
The footwork is started when the arm is started to be lifted, as he makes a push step as the left foot
pushes forward and a little to the left side of the court. The left arm is moved backward immediately
after the right arm is started to be lifted and it is used for balance. The contact ground timing for the
right foot is again before the time of impact.
Elements of the Importan Coefficient % of Points Changes to be

stroke ce for the of influence * made to fit the
1 Grip handle 1 3 0%
2 Starting position 2 2 8.7 % 0.09 Higher racquet
position
3 Change of grip
4 Pronation 1 3 13 % 0.13 Bigger pronation
(inward rotation)
5 Supination 2 2 0
(outward
rotation)
6 Backswing 2 2 8.7 % 0.09 Longer
8 Time of impact 1 3 13 % 0.13 In Front of the
wrist
9 Fallow through 2 2 8.7 % 0.09 Continues of the
balloon and longer
10 Contact ground 1 3 13 % 0.13 To be after the
timing time of impact
In total: 13 23 0.66 0.34
Backhand reverse spin shots

The grip he uses is normal backhand grip. The starting position is with the right foot in front pointing
a little to the left and left foot pointing at the left side of the court. The racquet is pointing
downwards and to the left, almost to the left poll of the court. The elbow is slightly bent. The wrist is
also slightly bent. The left arm is bent around 90 degrees and point to the left side of the court and a
little downwards.
From the starting position he starts the first forward swing as lifting the racquet upwards and to the
left together with the elbow and the wrist till the head of the racquet is on the net level and pointing
upwards and to the left, where ends the back swing. At this stroke the forward swing and the
backswing are almost at the same movement and it is very hard to say where exactly the first
forward swing ends and starts the backswing. As the racquet is pointing upwards and to the left he

17
starts the second forward swing, as moving the racquet from left to right in a semi circle as pronating,
as under balloon, till he reach the time of impact, which is in front of the wrist, as the racquet is
pointing forward and downwards around 30 degrees according to the net. The fallow through is
continues short movement because of the fast pronation. Immediately after the fallow through he
gets back to the starting position.
The footwork is started when the arm is started to be lifted, as he makes a push step as the left foot
pushes forward and a little to the left side of the court. The left arm is moved backward immediately
after the right arm is started to be lifted and it is used for balance. The contact ground timing for the
right foot is again before the time of impact.

1 Grip handle 1 3 0
2 Starting 1 3 13.6 % 0.14
position
3 Change of grip
4 Pronation 1 3 0
(inward
rotation)
5 Supination
(outward
rotation)
6 Backswing 2 2 0
10 Contact ground 1 3 13.6 % 0.14
timing
In total: 10 22 27.2 0.28 0.72
Forehand pull drop shot with two footed jump(straight)

The grip he uses for this stroke is forehand grip slightly turned till backhand grip around 10-15
degrees. The starting position is with arm positioned at the right side of the body as the elbow is
around 90 degrees, as the racquet is pointing upwards and a little bit forward. The left arm is in front
of the body, bent around 70-80 degrees and pointing upwards and to the right. As he uses two
footed jump to perform this stroke the weight of the body before the stroke is over the right foot
pointing almost directly to the right site of the court and the left foot in front to the body, but also
closer to the center of the court and pointing almost to the right poll of the court. The whole body is

18
turned with the left shoulder in front and the feet are making a line which is around 45 degrees
according to the site line.
From this starting position starts the backswing as moving the racquet a little bit backwards and
supinating the forearm till the racquet starts to point backwards. At the same time when the
backswing starts, he starts to move the elbow forwards, which together with the supination of the
racquet cause the racquet to make semicircle till the forward swing starts by pronating the arm till
the racquet reach the point of impact, which is around a meter away from the right shoulder at the
right side and diagonally and a little bit at the back. As he reached the time of impact he stops the
pronation and performs a pulling movement of the whole arm which continues till the racquet ends
before the left foot pointing downwards and forward, which also is the fallow through.
He uses a two footed jump to perform the stroke, as from the starting position described, he makes a
small step only with the right foot, so the weight of the body lies mostly over it, he starts the jump as
preloading the right foot and pushing upwards, as the both of the feet are in the air and still in the
same line as in the starting position. In the air, he starts shifting the weight from the right to the left
foot, so before the time of impact, the weight of the body is in front but also balanced between the
feet, which cause easy lending over the both of the feet , as the body weight also is over the both of
the feet.

1 Grip handle 1 3 0
2 Starting 2 2 9.10 % 0.09
position
3 Change of grip 3 1 0
4 Pronation 2 2 9.10 % 0.09
(inward
rotation)
5 Supination 2 2 9.10 % 0.09
(outward
rotation)
6 Backswing 1 3 13.64 % 0.14
7 Forward swing 2 2 9.10 % 0.09
10 Contact ground 2 2 0
timing
In total: 18 22 0.5 0.5

19
Backhand pull drop shot (straight)

The grip for this stroke is backhand grip turned over the “frying pen” grip around 15-20 degrees. The
starting position is close to the center of the court with the both feet parallel to the net and the
racquet in front of the body pointing the net and downwards. From this starting position he makes a
step with the left foot and rotating the body as the hand goes upwards till the elbow is around 90
degrees again in front of the body. When the body is almost parallel to the left site line, he makes a
step with the right foot as the racquet starts the backswing with semi circle movement together with
the elbow till the racquet reach the left shoulder, where the backswing is over. From this position
starts the forward swing, as stretching the elbow almost fully and at the same time supinating the
arm till he reach the time of impact which is around a meter and a half away from his right shoulder
upwards and diagonally and a little bit at the back. At this position his right foot is pointing almost
directly to the back left corner and the body weight is laying over it. From this position, he continues
the supination, but around the elbow join as in the same time he makes a pulling movement till the
racquet is pointing downwards and forward to the net. When the pulling movement is completed he
shifts the body weight from the right foot to the left, as rotates the body and bring it in the starting
position, as making another step with the right foot. The follow through is together with the
rotational movement of the body and the last step with the right foot. The contact ground timing of
the stroke is a bit before the time of impact.

1 Grip handle 1 3 0
2 Starting 2 2 8.34 % 0.08 The racquet head
position to be higher
3 Change of grip 3 1 0
4 Pronation 2 2 8.34 % 0.08 There should not
(inward be any pronation
rotation)
5 Supination 2 2 8.34 % 0.08 There should not
(outward be any supination
rotation)
6 Backswing 1 3 12.5 % 0.13 Not to go to the
shoulder
7 Forward swing 1 3 12.5 % 0.13 Shorter and not
from the shoulder
9 Fallow through 2 2 8.34 % 0.08 Continues of the
pull movement
10 Contact ground 1 3 12.5 % 0.13 When the pull
timing movement starts

20
In total: 16 24 0.71 0.29

Forehand smash with two footed jump

As the forehand pull drop shot, the forehand smash with two footed jump is a modification of a basic
stroke, applied in a specific tactical situation, where the time of impact with the shuttle is lower than
comparing to the basic stroke. I’ve analyzed these strokes as modified but still keeping into the
borders of the basic theory.
The grip he uses for this stroke is forehand grip slightly turned till backhand grip around 10-15
degrees. The starting position is with arm positioned at the right side of the body as the elbow is
around 90 degrees, as the racquet is pointing upwards and a little bit forward. The left arm is in front
of the body, bent around 70-80 degrees and pointing upwards and to the right. As he uses two
footed jump to perform this stroke the weight of the body before the stroke is over the right foot
pointing almost directly to the right site of the court and the left foot in front to the body, but also
closer to the center of the court and pointing almost to the right poll of the court. The whole body is
turned with the left shoulder in front and the feet are making a line which is around 45 degrees
according to the site line.
From this starting position starts the backswing as moving the racquet a little bit backwards and
supinating the forearm till the racquet starts to point backwards. At the same time when the
backswing starts, he starts to move the elbow forwards, which together with the supination of the
racquet cause the racquet to make semicircle till the forward swing starts by pronating the arm till
the racquet reach the point of impact, which is around a meter and a half away from the right
shoulder at the right side and diagonally and a little bit in front. After the time of impact he continues
the pronation till the racquet became parallel to the site line, which is and the follow through and he
finish the stroke as bringing back the racquet to the starting position.
He uses a two footed jump to perform the stroke, as from the starting position described, he makes a
small step only with the right foot, so the weight of the body lies mostly over it, he starts the jump as
preloading the right foot and pushing upwards, as the both of the feet are in the air and still in the
same line as in the starting position. In the air, he starts shifting the weight from the right to the left
foot, so before the time of impact, the weight of the body is in front but also balanced between the
feet, which cause easy lending over the both of the feet , as the body weight also is over the both of
the feet.

21

1 Grip handle 1 3 0
2 Starting 2 2 0
position
3 Change of grip
4 Pronation 1 3 0
(inward
rotation)
5 Supination 2 2 8.7 % 0.09 Bigger
(outward
rotation)
6 Backswing 1 3 13 % 0.13 Bigger
7 Forward swing 1 3 13 % 0.13 Bigger
8 Time of impact 1 3 13 % 0.13 Closer to the body
timing
In total: 13 23 0.48 0.52
Forehand full power jump smash

The grip for this stroke is normal forehand grip. The starting position is with the left site turned
towards the net with the left foot in front pointing to the right site and right foot at the back also
pointing to the right site line of the court. The both of the knees are slightly bent. The left hand is in
front pointing to the right upwards and diagonally and the right hand is at the back, with elbow bent
around 90 degrees and the racquet pointing again to the right upwards and diagonally and a bit
forward. From this start position he preload the muscles even more by bending the knees around 90
degrees, so the preloading is enough to produce quality jump. After preloading the muscles there is a
jump vertically upwards till the knees are fully stretch. After it he bent the knees backwards and
starts the backswing, together with the left hand which starts to stretch aggressively as helping the
balance and produces even more power. The backswing starts with fast and powerful supination till
the racquet points backwards and a little bit downwards and it is parallel to the site line, which is the
end of the backswing. From here starts the forward swing with powerful pronation till the time of
impact which is around meter and a half away from the right shoulder upwards and diagonally to the
right, also around 50 cm in front of the body. The pronation continues till the racquet is parallel to
the site line which also is the fallow through. After the lending which is performed over the both feet,
he brings back to the starting position. While he is in the air he makes a rotation of the body around
90 degrees, so from feet parallel to the site line at the moment of preloading the muscles for the
jump, he ends with feet parallel to the net in the moment of the lending.

22
Elements of the Importan Coefficient % of Points Changes to be

stroke ce for of influence * made to fit the
the importance Basic theory
stroke *
1 Grip handle 1 3 0
2 Starting position 2 2 0
3 Change of grip
4 Pronation (inward 1 3 0
rotation)
5 Supination 1 3 12 % 0.12 Bigger supination
(outward rotation)
6 Backswing 2 2 7.7 % 0.08 Bigger and longer
8 Time of impact 1 3 12 % 0.12
timing
11 Rotation of body 1 3 12 % 0.12
In total: 13 26 0.44 0.56
The rotation of the body is very important during the performance of the full power smash.
Comparing to the basic theory there should be rotation of 180 degrees, which means that the right
part of the body should be in front at the moment of lending.
Full power smash from around the head corner with scissor jump
This stroke also I specific as a modification of a full power smash, but performed from around the
head corner and over head. The specific of this stroke is coming from the scissor jump, which is used
to reach the shuttle. One of my assignments shows a great difference between the performances of
this stroke, in combination with the scissor jump, of some of the best players in the World. This is
also the reason why I took a closer look of it, as I assume it very important for the level of which
Peter Mikkelsen is part of.
The stroke is performed with normal forehand grip. For the purpose of the analysis I will define two
starting positions. The first is in the Playing center of the court from where Peter Mikkelsen is
performing the footwork till the second starting position, which is exactly before the scissor jump to
be performed. I made this definition mostly because the first starting position is important for how
the scissor jump is performed, according to the footwork used.
So, the first starting position is with the right foot slightly in front of the left foot. The racquet is in
front of the body, as pointing downwards and slightly diagonally to the net. The hands are slightly
bent and positioned slightly away from the body.

23
From this starting position, he performed small push jump with the both feet together as staying at
the same position. As the jump is performed, he starts to rotate the body as putting the right foot
backwards and diagonally, so he formed the second starting position, with the left foot in front and
pointing to the net and the right foot at the back pointing to the right site of the court. The balance is
over the both feet as the knees are preloaded, so to be able to perform the jump. Still having the
momentum from the footwork before, he starts the jump as making it upwards and backwards and
rotating the body around the hips and changing the right foot in front of the left in the air. At the
same time when the changing of the feet start, he starts the backswing, as the racquet makes a
powerful and fast supination, till it is parallel to the site line. Together with the rotation of the body
and the supination of the forearm, the elbow goes forward and upwards.
When the backswing is over he starts the forward swing with short and powerful pronation of the
forearm, till the racquet reaches the time of impact, which is around a meter in front and up of the
head. The pronation continues till the racquet is parallel again to the site line, which is also the fallow
through of the stroke.
When the fallow through is over, he lends first on the left foot, which is at the back and close to the
left back corner of the court, then he lends and over the right foot, which is in front and closer to the
playing center.

1 Grip handle 1 3 0
2 Starting 2 2 0
position
3 Change of grip
4 Pronation 1 3 0
(inward
rotation)
5 Supination 1 3 12.5 % 0.13
(outward
rotation)
6 Backswing 1 3 12.5 % 0.13
timing
In total: 12 24 0.26 0.74

24
Forehand smash return – straight

The grip for this stroke forehand grip slightly turned till backhand grip. The starting position is with
the knees slightly bent and the feet parallel to the net. The racquet is pointing forwards and a bit
diagonally with the head down. From here starts the backswing as doing a supination of the forearm,
which cause the racquet to move in a semi circle from left to right, first upwards and then
downwards and backwards.
The backswing is over when the racquet is pointing backwards and a little downwards to the site line
with around 45 degrees between the racquet and the site line. From here starts the forward swing,
as pronating the forearm towards the shuttle till the time of impact which is around a bit before the
right foot. The arm continues the pronation straight forward a bit after the time of impact, which is
the follow through. After the follow through he brings the racquet back to the starting position.
The footwork he uses for this stroke is a chasse push step after the preloading jump from the left foot
to the right, as making the movement a little bit diagonally to the net, so the right foot is in front
towards the left, which stays closer to the playing center. The contact ground timing is before the
time of impact, a bit before to finish the backswing.

1 Grip handle 1 3 0
2 Starting 2 2 0
position
3 Change of grip
4 Pronation 1 3 0
(inward
rotation)
5 Supination 2 2 8.7 % 0.09
(outward
rotation)
6 Backswing 2 2 8.7 % 0.09
8 Time of impact 1 3 13 % 0.13
9 Fallow through 2 2 8.7 % 0.09
10 Contact ground 1 3 13 % 0.13
timing
In total: 13 23 0.53 0.47

25
Backhand smash return – straight

The grip for this stroke is backhand grip slightly turned till “frying pen” grip. The starting position is
with feet parallel to the net, with knees slightly bent and the racquet in front of the body pointing to
the net, downwards and a little bit to the backhand site.
From this starting position, the backswing starts as pronating the forearm and at the same time he
stretches the elbow, so at the end of the backswing the racquet is pointing backwards and diagonally
to the site line. From here starts the forward swing as supinating the forearm till he reach the time of
impact, which is around half a meter away from the right foot and a bit diagonally to the backhand
site. The supination continues after the time of impact a bit more, which is the follow through. After
it, he goes back to the starting position.
The used footwork is a push step, from the starting position and the knees bent around 90 degrees,
he make a small preloading jump as landing first to the right foot, which pushes after it in front of the
left while rotates the body, so the right shoulder goes in front of the left and he ends on the lunge on
the right foot. After the follow through of the stroke, he uses the preloading of the muscles of the
lunge, so to go back in the starting position. The contact ground timing is exactly when the backswing
is over.

1 Grip handle 1 3 0
2 Starting 2 2 8.7 % 0.09
position
3 Change of grip
4 Pronation 1 3 0
(inward
rotation)
5 Supination 2 2 8.7 % 0.09
(outward
rotation)
6 Backswing 1 3 0
7 Forward swing 2 2 8.7 % 0.09
timing
In total: 13 23 0.27 0.73

26
Conclusion of the technical part

As having points of correctness of all analyzed strokes, I made the real radial diagram, which targets
to shows the general technical condition, according to the basic theory. It is important to say that the
comparison is made comparing to the level of the player.
TECHNICAL
Forehand spin shots
Short service forehand sliced
High service Forehand spin shots -

reversed
Backhand smash return

straight Backhand spin shots –
top spon
Backhand spin shots -

reversed
Forehand smash return

straight
Forehand pull drop
shots straight with two
footed jump
Overhead full power
smash with scissor jump Backhand pull drop
shots straight
Forehand full power Forehand smash with
smash two footed jump
Of course always there can be discussion about the priorities and the importance of the elements of
the strokes, so the general result can be different. The written priorities are how I see them and how
I understand them. And again, they are marked and compared according the basic theory, which also
can be discussed.
2. Physical analysis
Introduction
There are many studies for what are the dimensions of the badminton. I’ve took a closer look over
few of them. All of them determine the characteristics of badminton differently. There are
differences between the working time (rallies) the resting time, the VO2max of the players, the
lactate concentration, the unforced errors, the pattern of play etc. Why? One of the studies is
notational analysis to compare the 21 scoring system to 15 scoring system (APP 1), shows that there
is significant difference between the two scoring system as played rallies and number of strokes per
match, but also that there is no big difference between the VO2max of the players before and after,

27
as the aerobic capacity and anaerobic capacity. Why the demands of the sport by itself has changed,
but the players remains the same? And is this true?
I don’t argue with the validation of the studies, but I have to say that all of them are performed with
different level of players, as simulating matches between players which know each other very well.
As badminton coach and badminton player I know that there is a big difference from player to
players and from match to match. So if we make any comparison shouldn’t be more specific (level of
the players, style of game, difference between the levels of the players if they play against each
other)?
Normally as badminton coaches we first test our players, as all the studies has done first. Some of the
studies are testing the players with badminton not related test. I will take a closer look over tests
made on court, which we can consider as badminton specific. First of all I have to say that there are
not many tests to test badminton players on court. The most used test (BJMJ classification) is a
modified version of Steininger and Wodick’s sport specific test (APP2). Also the Conconni (APP3) test
is wildly used, as VO2max related test on court again. The interesting parts of the tests are the results
performed with different players of different levels. The Steininger and Wokick’s test is firstly
developed for testing squash players and the modification for badminton is made during the old
scoring system, where as we saw before the working time and the resting time was quite different
then the new scoring system. My question is: is there difference of the performance of the players
according to the level? Is it different even the notational analysis? Even if we have the same top
players, playing against each other at different tournaments?
To test my theory I made a notational analysis of Lin Dan (CHN) and Lee Chong Wei (MAS) using
specific video software (Dartfish and Kinovea). The main factors which I take a closer look were the
length of the rallies, rests, the unforced errors and the number of the strokes. The first match is final
of All England 2009 and the next is the final Swiss Open 2009. The second final is 2 weeks after the
first. The results are published in the table:
All England final Swiss open final

Match duration 41.06 min 52.01 min
Average game duration 23 min 25.5 min
Rally time (seconds) 10.69 sec – average 17.36 sec – average
Rest time (seconds) without the rests 17.30 sec – average 19.72 sec – average
between the sets and at 11p.
Number of shots per match 819 shots/m 1304 shot/m
Numbers per rallies per match 73 rallies 74 rallies

28
Average shots per rally 11.23 av.sh/r 17.63 av.sh/r

Shots per rally time (s-1) 1.05 1.01
Effective playing time (EPT %) 13.007 min 21.41 min.
As we can see from the numbers, the situation at the both of the matches was too different. The first
one, the real working effort (strokes per time per EPT) is much less then the second one. For sure the
turn point for the switching between the anaerobic and aerobic systems is at different time. The
density (rallies per shots) of the match is too different – at the first one – 0.089 and at the second –
0.056. This show that the intensity of the both of the matches was quite different – at the first – the
both players had much more rest comparing to the second, where the rest is almost as the working
time.
So now, if we have to make any conclusions of what badminton is, looking at these matches, the
situation is really confusing. If we look the first, we have to conclude to develop the aerobic system,
so to be faster enough to recover the anaerobic system, but if we take a look over the second, we will
say, that we have to work much more at the anaerobic system, so we can be sure that our player can
keep working without enough oxygen. Which is right?
Of course badminton is sport where we use and the both of the systems, as we saw quite different
from match to match. I didn’t mention, but the winners of the both matches are the two players –
one at all England the other at Swiss Open. So we can make conclusions, who is better prepared
where.
After the tests, we are going to use the results to prepare training program for our player. To be able
to do this (to track it) most of the studies are looking at types of measurements – Heart Rate (HR) and
Rate of Perceived Effort (RPE).
As good coaches, we want to be sure that by using HR and RPE we can specify where exactly our
athlete is working at (Working zones). That’s good, but is it realistic?
Uitsalo, Hoffman and Tummavavuori (1998) have proved in a study that the HR differs to different
type of endurance training. On other hand we have a study from Davison, Smith and Coleman (2000)
which shows that HR is not good for indicate pacing (tempo). So can simply say, that everyone day
doing the same activity, but at different time and different mood, we are going to have different HR,
as the difference can be between 5 to 20 bpm (Coleman, 2000), which for sure can put us working in
different Working Zone.

29
Smith and Chang (1999) publish an article that Badminton training is harder than the game (mean the
game at the competition). They’ve analyzed elite badminton players, during training sessions and
during competitions, as they found that there is no significant correlation between HR and lactate.
HR and lactate levels was indicated to be significantly higher at training than at the game, as the
game is determine at competitions where the levels of the players are quite the same. They actually
proved that the players train at different zones, than the definition of the game is by itself.
Stephen Seiler (1996 – see ref.) defines few HR changes, very important to understand how the HR
works: 1. the maximum HR defers in different activities. So if we play badminton and we run, we are
going to have different max HR. 2. Body position influences the HR. Simply because of the circulation
of the blood into the body. 3. Temperature will greatly influence HR. Of course if we play badminton
at 45 degrees and at 10 degrees, the HR will be very different. 4. Humidity also influences the HR.
The reason is because the humidity influences the hydration of the body, so when dehydrating we
performance less (1% to 5%, till the first 50%), which cause to higher HR. As we can see it is not so
easy to use HR into badminton practices.
On other hand some of the coaches are using RPE (based on some of the studies) as method to
determine where the players are working right now. But is it also realistic?
Tyllian, Whalay and Kaminsky (1998) shown at study that the RPE varies of the different activity. This
simply means that doing two different sports, we are going to identify how hard we are working at
different types of load. Badminton is sport which requires high attantional focus (focus over external
object. Also relates to application of specific technique or tactics into the game.) (Wealley, 2002 – see
ref.), so the badminton player can achieve a higher RPE during the badminton game, then during
running at treadmill.
On other side, we have to be able to use RPE on a daily base. But is it possible? Skemp, Gaskill,
Sanzchez and Walker (1998 see ref.) proved in a study that the RPE varies from day to day for the
same activity, as the same activity means, exactly the same type of practice which was performed the
day before. We also have studies of Nesser, Gaskill, Skemp and Walker (1998 – see ref.) and of
Snyder, Naik, (1998 – see ref.) which show that RPE might be related more to general rather than
specific perceptions of work and RPE is not simple as thought originally. How many times, we
produce the some practice?
Wealley (2002 – see ref.) also shows that RPE effort is different if some of the mental skills are
stronger. He is also talking about training our perception of effort or pain.

30
So how should be done? As we saw from the analysis there can be a great difference as in the HR
and as in RPE of the some person, depending on the mood, time, temperature, etc.
As we can analyze the badminton related studies, first there is great difference of determine what
the sport is (the dimensions of the sport), comparing to the level. Even international level can vary a
lot.
So first of all I think there should be determination of the level of the players, so to be possible to
define the dimensions of the sport for the specific level.
Right now we are observing elite players, but if we go to junior players and kids, the notational
analysis is going to be much more different.
As determine the dimensions we can perform the tests better. As talking about testing in sport
played with external object as badminton, I believe that there is need for more relevant tests.
After notational analyze we are going to know what are the working time and the resting time. It is
very hard to say how should be compared, but it is always good to compare the tests only for the
player, which they are performed with.
If we take Conconi test (on court) and Steininger and Wodick’s modified for badminton test, easily we
can produce a test, which of course we have to consider the notations from the new scoring system.
Also the sport specific fitness testing of elite badminton players, made by Ching, Wong, Steininger
and Lo (1995), shows that the Max HR, eventually the VO2Max are reached at the end of the second
game, if the match was with 3 sets and very closed result in the second set.
If I combine the tests and modified them, it will looks like:

1. Simulation of 1st set – based on notational analyze is very easy to say, how many rallies, should be
played and what type of the rally (offensive or defensive). Also we can program the rest, to be as
close as possible, again according to the notational analyze of the level. When testing we collect
information about HR, at the beginning and at the end of each one really, the RPE of the players and
lactate produce (if it is possible). The best way to do this is by using a HR monitor with wireless, so it
can be automatically transferred to computer. The court looks like:

31
As the circles at corners of the court are tubes, which should be touched with racquet when the type
of the rally is defensive. When the rally is offensive, the player perform imitation of smash with
killing the shuttle at the net, as many time as necessary (depending of notational analyze).
The court is separated at specific zones, all of the rectangle. The zones also are setup up, to be close
to specific tactical zones – constructive offensive, total offensive, defensive controlled, controlled
defensive at the net, so the test can also show how the player is performing the technical movement
on court. Of course the test is taped by 2 cameras. One is at the top of the court, as observing the
markers from the best position. The second camera is in front of the net, on the left or at the right,
depending do we have left handed or right handed player. The purpose of that camera is to record at
the best viewpoint the contact ground time, when the player perform the PML jump (specific
preloading muscle jump, used for changing the direction) or at the push step (lunges) where the
contact time, normally is greater (notational analyze Ming (2002)).
2. VO2 max and Wing test. The best way is if the VO2 max is on court, but I think that also normal
VO2Max on the treadmill can be used. The best is if at all time, we also take lactate, so we can be
relate the perception of the player with the HR in the best way.

32
By performing the VO2max test we can relate the changes of the VO2 to the HR and to the max HR.
Then by observing the changes of the HR during the set simulation we can make a simple table,
where we can calculate the HRTP (Heart Rate turn point) by relating it with the specific HR and
specific RPE of the player.
3. Simulation of the 3rd set. The purpose of the simulation of the 3rd set is to see all weak links. After
reaching the VO2max and the max Anaerobic power, it would be very easy to see how the HR relates
to badminton specific movement, when the time table of the test is develop to have a few turn over
points (from anaerobic system to aerobic and the other way around) so we can see how fast the
person recovers during the game.
When the test is finished, we can start measure the working effort by using the relation of the HR and
RPE of the player. If I have to make it simple I will use example: if our body is a car where we can
understand the condition of the car by observing the visual consequences of the practice (red chicks,
sweating, tiredness, etc) and the cyclometer of the car in Heart rate beats, we can also say the our
brain is the driver of the car, where the RPE depends a lot of how do we feel and determine how hard
our brain percept that we work (The Borg CR10 scale, 2004 – APP4). So from one site we have our
body – “the car” which we can observe by HR and on other site we have “the driver” – our perception
of what hard mean for the exact moment. By my opinion we have to train and the both of them and
to observe and the both of them.
I’ve used this test as also at the same time I videotaped with two cameras (on in front and at the side
of the court and another at the back of the court), so to be able to track very correctly how the
contact ground time is changed in milliseconds, by determine how many frames are passed (one
frame is fixed time of milliseconds – we have 25 frames per seconds – so one frame is 0.04 or 40 ms).
By observing the contact ground time and its change of the first and the third set I can track the
strength capacity (anaerobic and aerobic) – depending on what was the HR and the length of the
rallies played after the rests. At the same time I can track very well the changes of the lunge (when
making the push step) - how deep it is, how long it is, the balance, the time that it is needed for
getting up after it and also the changes connected with the PLM jump for starting – is it getting
slower, how much time is needed to redirect the body weight, etc.
So we can also take a closer look at the VO2 max test as a test that measures the aerobic
characteristic off court and the Win Gate test as a test that measures the anaerobic characteristics.
At the VO2max test we take a closer look at: volume of oxygen intake (VO2), aerobic endurance,
aerobic speed and at Win Gate test we take a closer look at: anaerobic endurance, anaerobic power,
and anaerobic speed.

33
Here are the results:
VO 2 Max test
Total L/v-t Ml/v-t Condition Minute Ml/S - Energy
oxygen (ml/min/kg) volume minuteV./puls (kcal) 4.9
(l/min) 21% (l/min) of A- kcal/l
of V difference
ventilation
31.9 3.0 105.8 74.5 26.5 139 156
21 % Vent Vent. Freq. VO2:freq VO2/kg VO2/AV MiV/HR kcal
Wingate test
Body weight Calculated Real load Number of Test tal Effect Relative effect
load repetition
71 5.3 5.0 71 681 9.6
Kg Kp Kp r/min Watt Watt/kg
Here is the relation between the Volume Oxygen Uptake and the HR. It is calculated by the method of
David Swain (Target HR for the development of CV fitness' - Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise,
26) - %MHR = 0.64 x %VO2max + 37. I’ve use the both of the methods – by the measurement of the
VO2max, where I track the HR at every moment and the Calculation, to assure that the table is
validated.
The relation between the VO2 and the HR and RPE is in the following table.
% percentage Working HR Working Training RPE Predominant power

VO2 zones system
l/min
60 % 136 2.36 T1 Very easy aerobic lipolytic

65 %
70 % 156 3.02
75 % 159 3.44 T2 Light, easy aerobic slow
80 % glycolityc, lipolytic
85 % 175 3.88 T3 Easy -Somewhat aerobic slow
90 % hard glycolityc, lipolytic
90 % 179 4.32 T4 Hard aerobic slow
92 % glycolityc
92 % 183 4.65 T5 Very hard aerobic slow
95 % glycolityc

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97 % 185 4.95
97 % T6 Maximum anaerobic
100 % 190 >5.29 exertion phosphagen fast
glycolityc
The table is developed based on the predominant power systems, described at VCP glossary and
developed by Australian Institute of Sports.
It is important to mention that without the 100% are ONLY for the connection of the Max pulse
measured during the VO2max test and the Wingate test. By the theory shown above, we can assume
that the Maximum HR pulse during the badminton match and the VO2Max during the badminton
match can be higher, because of perception of effort is getting lower during a game focused over the
external object as badminton is (Stephen Seiler - 1996).
Aerobic system capacity

i. Aerobic endurance: (VO2max): comparing the reference table for
VO2max in ml/kg/min token by Sports medicine Peter Mikkelsen is excellent
(74.1 ml/kg/min).Also the max frequency show that the effect of each one
breath is very high, so the consumption of oxygen of each breath is close to
the maximum possible (150 l/min for 190 pulse and 5.29 l/min oxygen) (74.1
from 94.1 max possible for badminton players)
ii. Aerobic power: the aerobic power is observed between the working
zones T2 till T5, where he still uses mostly aerobic slow glycolityc power
(energy) system. To measure it we observe the step length and contact
ground time (around 150-170 ms) with speed 5 km/min during the test and
interval changes of the speed during on court test shows that even he has
enough power to produce the same length of the steps with the same
frequency. There is very little slow down exactly before the power systems
(before the HRTP – heart rate turnover point) to change completely between
aerobic to anaerobic. (5 from 6 scale – APP5)
Anaerobic system capacity

iii. Anaerobic power: the Wingate test shows a result of 681 watts/min
with 71 repetitions per minute, which comparing to World Train athletes is
very good, but still can be developed more till around 750 to 800 watts. (5
from 6 scale – APP 6)
iv. Anaerobic endurance: The anaerobic endurance mainly is observed
by the Wingate test, after the HRTP (Heart Rate Turn Point), which in this

35
case was at 18 seconds after the test. Generally effective relative load during
the test almost didn’t change – 9.6 watts/kg. Comparing again with the
World athletes it is close to 8 with a scale of 10 (APP6 again), so the
anaerobic power can be improved by increasing the effective watts/kg with
around 20% more.
Strength capacity
The strength capacity is observed on court during the test on court. I make a compression between
the contact ground time (time available for force development) over the lunges (push step) at
defense and at the net. The contact ground time is the time necessary to step and to get away from
the step. This time is very important parameter which shows very well the functional strength
(Science and Practice of Strength Training – Zatsiorsky, Kraemer – 2006), especially the plyomethrical
strength (including the exclusivity immediately after the plyomethrical movement as all badminton
jumps). If the contact ground time after a jump smash (as example) is getting over 250 ms, this
means that the strength is not enough (in this case eccentric strength) for redirecting the body
weight in the necessary direction. At the lunges the time is bigger, but also in parameters between
450 to 500 ms. It is bigger because of the time where the knee continues to bend till its reach the
level of the toes.
At the 3th set there is a change of the contact ground time comparing to the first set. When working
offensive the difference is around 100 ms (from around 480 ms till 560-580 ms for lunges). This is
around 20% of the time and also the inside angle at the knee join in the 1st set is around 90 degree,
while at the 3rd around 110 degrees. This shows that the specific functional strength can be
improved. Also the strength endurance can be improved. Because the normal time is over 480 ms we
can make a conclusion that the GPP (general physical preparedness) also can be improved. Also the
motor coordination for performing a ballistic movement (the synchronization between stopping and
redirecting the body weight at the same time) can be improved. It is very hard to say how much is the
functional strength of the ankles, so to perform a higher starting position than the position now, for a
better energy management and a shorter starting time. (3.5 from 5 possible points, APP7 – contact
ground time)
Speed
The speed is defined as length for time. Of course the technique of the performed movement
especially on court in a sport with strongly specific movement, the “real speed” (the frequency of
how fast the nervous system contract or relax a specific group of muscles, again and again, making it
to perform the same movement) is very hard to be measured. That’s why we can measure more the
changes which accurse over the speed, than the speed by itself. Again the comparison is over the 1st

36
and the 3rd set, counting in milliseconds from the playing center, coming from the same corner and
going towards the same measured corner. We measure generally the time for going to the corner
and coming back to the playing center.
Again there are differences in around 150 ms, between the 1st set and the 3rd set. As the speed also is
depending on the functional strength is normal there to be a change of the speed too. (4 from 6 –
subjective)
Let’s take a look over the aerobic and anaerobic max speed. By definition max speed means
maximum possible and it should be available at the anaerobic system and more specifically at
anaerobic phosphagen fast glycolityc predominant power system. But when working aerobically
there is also a speed that allows the player to keep working with the aerobic system. Of course this
max aerobic it will be always lower than the anaerobic max speed, which is equal to the max speed.
Also one of the purposes to try to move the anaerobic threshold closer to the lactate turn point is
that we actually increase the speed which we can produce while working with the aerobic system. So
by observing the aerobic speed, we are also observing how close the anaerobic threshold to the
aerobic threshold is.
The best way to observe the aerobic threshold by using the data which we have, is to observe the
maximum speed at the on court test, where he is working maximum at the border between T4 and
T5 – where getting very hard – but still working at the aerobic system, which we can see from the
table for the relation of the VO2, HR and RPE. Also there is available method for calculating the MAS
HR (maximum aerobic speed) of (Dr. Philip Maffetone, Training for Endurance, (Barmore Productions,
). In the table bellow you can also view the correlation between the MOS, HR and RPE and HRTP.
MAS HR RPE HRTP HRTP RPE
Around 15 Around 175 – 179 Getting Hard Around 185 Getting very hard
Generally we can say that it is good index for the MAS, but also can be improved. (4 from 6 point
scale – APP 8)
The anaerobic speed is the maximum possible, but exactly after the HRTP, but for a very short time,
after the HRTP the speed goes down with around 20% less in the moment of the VO2Max – as shown
above at on court test. (4 from 6 point scale – connected with APP8)

37
Conclusion
On the diagram below I’ve made the connection between all above characteristics, which I found
during the tests. The most important for the practical work of the player is the MAS and the HRTP
Heart rate and Rate of Perceived Effort.
We can conclude that Peter Mikkelsen is fast player, but can be faster, especially by improving the
MAS. The VO2max is excellent for International player, but can be improved also to go into the World
class level. The strength as a base for development of the speed and for the development of power
has to be improved and to be applied on court. The contact ground time, can be shorten, so to be
able to apply maximum power for a short amount of time, which is going to help for many aspects of
the game from optimizing the time till energy saving.
HR SPEED
SPEED
MAS
190 BPM
HEART RATE
180-185 BPM
175-179 BPM VO2MAX

THRESHOLDS
HRTP
ANAEROBIC
THRESHOLD
136 BPM
AEROBIC THRESHOLD
WARM UP
RATE OF PERCEIVED
EFFORT
BETWEEN HARD AND

TIME VERY EASY WHEN IT IS STARTING
BEFORE GETTING VERY
TO BE VERY HARD
HARD
And on the diagram below I made a generalization of the physical capacity of the player.
As generally comparing to the International players level, the physical capacity is very good, but comparing
to the World class level the physical capacity has to be improved. As the long term goal is to become a player
in top 10 of the World, the physical part plays important priority from all necessary to achieve this goal.

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PHYSICAL
Aerobic endurance
Anaerobic endurance
Aerobic power
General strength
Anaerobic power
Nutrition before, during

and after competition – not Anaerobic speed
reported
Daily base nutrition – not

reported Specific strength
Contact ground time

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3. Tactical analysis
In the tactical area I am measuring more the skills necessary for applying tactical skills, than the effect
of applying it. The two main skills of the basic tactical process (diagram 1 bellow) – recognition and
decision making.
Recognition
Reflection
Probably If NOT AWARED Decision If AWARED

GOOD decision
Not good decision TACTICALY making TACTICALY
This process is used in a study by Finland University – 2002 – for finding out how the pedagogic
approach can influence the decision making (Minna - 2002)
The first test is to analyze the recognition skills or how the players is recognizing the specific zones –
constructive offensive, total offensive, controlled defensive, uncontrolled defensive, middle court
game as they are defined in the book of Kenneth Larsen – Badminton Tactics – for men single.

40
So to be able to define where the zones (the situations) are I’ve made some simple tactical exercises:
1. Recognition and determine of the borders between constructive offensive and total offensive.
- High lob, as changing the high and the length of the stroke. If he feels comfortable for attack he
should attack, if not he has to make a choice of deceptive clear or drops;
2. Recognition and determine of the borders between controlled and uncontrolled offensive.
- He is in defensive situation, as expecting drop shots, stick smashes, smashes;
3. Recognition and determine of the borders between controlled defensive and middle court game.
- he is again in defensive situation, as expecting drop shots, stick smashes, smashes and flat shots;
4. Recognition and determine of the borders between middle court game and constructive offensive.
-He is fighting for the initiative. If the shuttle goes into the constructive situation, he has to change
the choice (clear, drops);
5. Recognition and determine of the borders for some specific strokes:
- spin shots: he is expecting drop shots, if the shuttle possible for a spin shots, he has to make
it, if not he has to make a lob;
All the exercises are videotaped and watched in slow motion and analyzed.
Based on the exercises I’ve made a diagram but for his case:
SPIN SHOTS
Zones which we can

TRANSPORTATION SHOTS consider as at
CONSTRUCTIVE zone,
even that they should be
TOTAL OFFENSIVE
TOTAL OFFENSIVE
CONSTRUCTIVE OFFENSIVE

41
The main problem which I had during the analysis of Peter Mikkelsen which starts from the Danish
National last session where he succeed to play final against Peter Gade and defeat players as Jan
Jorgensen and Pedersen, till a team match where he defeat Scott Evans, I see really great difference
of his entire game. Tactically at the same situation he takes different choices, even that the test for
tactical awareness shows generally that he is aware how to play comparing the basic rules with some
modifications. On the diagram above I’ve put some points (marked with green) which I consider
much more as Constructive offensive, than as Total offensive situation. It looks like that also at the
net, there are some points like that but I can’t consider them as consistent, because I don’t have
enough data. I consider them as technical, because of the footwork, which doesn’t change normally
according to his place and the place of the shuttle (the time of impact).
At the Danish nationals, I observed that he was able to change his game a lot, but during the team
matches I can’t say that he succeed it. I believe that one of his long term purposes might be making
his game consistent. I can’t say that he is specific type of player – primarily offensive of defensive,
again his game change a lot during only one competition. But I observed that as he tries to be more
offensive player, he succeeds much more than if he starts to tries to contra attack or playing
defensively. At the final of DN, against Peter Gade, he succeed to taka the first game mainly because
he was much more offensive and as being enough fast to cover the whole court, he didn’t gave a lot
of opportunities to his opponent to win. But the second and the third game, the tactical game of
Peter Gade changed a lot, especially the initiative fight and keeping the offense, so Peter Mikkelsen
starts to be much more defensive. I observed that at some situations he succeed very well to contra,
but he was not able to finish the rally. Also many time, because Peter Gade is using many deceptive
strokes from all the corners of the court, for Peter Mikkelsen was problem to keep the rally going on,
not even to contra or get the initiative.
At the receiving situation, he is also very different, showing that he has a lot of different deceptions
which sometimes used very well, sometime he didn’t. I didn’t succeed to make a logical connection
between the same tactical situations.
At the service situation, he is very fast at the net, by moving his PC closer to the net, but playing
against an opponent as Peter Gade, who has very good deceptive receiving’s, it was very hard to
keep the net, as he was strongly pressed at the back part of court and Peter Gade was closing the net
and anticipating a lot.
As a deceptive game, I can say that he is mostly deceptive at the net, at the controlled defensive
situation. As going at the constructive offensive situation, it doesn’t seem to have the technical tools

42
for making many deceptive strokes, which allows for the opponents as Peter Gade to anticipate very
fast, as he being at the constructive offensive situation. Again it is very hard to conclude this, because
also he showed that he can make it, but most of the time, he doesn’t.
Almost the same is the situation is when anticipating. When is closed the net, it looks like that he
feels much comfortable to anticipate, than if he is fighting for the initiative and when the opponent is
at the constructive situation. In these cases, it looks like that he count much more at his speed.
I’ve tried to give a subjective mark (from 1 to 6) for each one of the areas, as I calculated how many
times, he can recognize and make a right choice, during all of observed matches. The recognition is
made by the tests, which I described in the beginning of the section. Also I consider his tactical
awareness (APP10).
Analyzing of the tactical skills – recognition and decision making

v. At constructive offensive situation (building up the rally) – 4 from 6
vi. Between constructive offensive and total offensive – 4 from 6
vii. At total offensive situation – 5 from 6
viii. At controlled defensive situation – 3 from 6
ix. Between controlled defensive situation and uncontrolled defensive situation
– 3 from 6
x. At uncontrolled defensive situation – 4 from 6
xi. Fighting for the initiative – 3 from 6
xii. Service/receiving situation – 4 from 6
xiii. Anticipating – 3 from 6
Conclusion
On the level, which Peter Mikkelsen is playing we can say that the Tactical area is may be the most
important. Many players in our times are showing very good recognition and decision making skills, I
believe that this is one of the areas, which can helps him to achieve a new level of success. I
personally don’t see a reason why not to achieve a bigger success as playing Super Series, but as
playing a World Top tournament as the Super Series, he has to succeed to show the same level as he
showed at Danish Nationals.

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TACTICAL
Between the constructive
and the offensive
situations
At the constructive At the total offensive
offensive situation situation
At the controlled defensive

situation
Anticipation
Between the controlled

defensive and uncontrolled
Service/ receiving situation defensive
Fighting for the initiative At the uncontrolled

defensive situation
Mental analysis (awareness of own mental skills)

For the purposes of the mental analysis I’ve develop a specific test (APP9), which is based over the
OMSAT 3 tools for analyzing the necessary mental skills for a higher performance according to Veleay
2002 (Handbook of Sport Psychology, 2006). Again the test is only an basic overview of the mental
skills. The only accurate way of measurement of the mental skills is by professional sport psychologist
at the real time (match like situation) and only after a long period of time, working together with the
athlete.
Each one skill is described with a set of question, which are connected with the characteristics of the
skill by itself at the framework for understanding mental skill training at sports (Figure 13.2 –
page291). The connection is described at the Hand book of Sports psychology (Tanenbaum, Gershon
and Eklund, 2007, 3rd edition). The mark is on the scale from 1 to 5.
b. Foundational skills
i. Achievement drive – 4 from 5
ii. Self – awareness – 4 from 5
iii. Productive thinking -3 from 5
iv. Self – confidence – 3 from 5
c. Performance skills

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i. Attention focus – 3 from 5

ii. Energy management – 3 from 5
d. Personal development skills
i. Identity Achievement – 4 from 5
ii. Interpersonal competence - 4 from 5
e. Team skills
i. Leadership – 2 from 5
ii. Communication – 4 from 5
iii. Cohesion – 2 from 5
iv. Team confidence – 3 from 5
Conclusion
The purpose of analyzing mental skills awareness is to understand how the player sees the World.
This might give us as coaches, some directions about how to build up the practice, how to coach him
better and how to understand and communicate better.
In no way, the data of the tests, should be understood or conclude as the “real”, that’s why also the
test is named a test for mental awareness.
MENTAL
Productive thinking
Self awareness Self confidence
Achievement drive Attantional focus
Team confidence
Energy management
Team cohesion Identity Achievement
Interpersonal competence
Communication
Leadership

45
Also should be considered that as badminton is mostly developed as individual team in many
countries as Denmark, the team skills are not so developed, but also the team as structure is
different (I’ve observed this at my assignment for pedagogic and psychology).
Annual planning
Overview of the used methods for analysis and tracking of the progress
As working over the assignments (including the scientific one) I found out, as I mention it in the on
court test research, that if we want to be adequate measured we have to relate the HR with VO2 and
the perception of effort, as I showed it in a diagram above. When we are using different types of
practices, it is very hard to calculate the intensity together, but also separately for each one practice,
we have to consider incredible amount of parameters involved in the intensity (as we start from
physiological – temp, altitude, etc and the mental, tactical and technical) we can say that the
calculation of all parameters is near impossible. But then how we can calculate and keeps the
intensity in the specific measurement during the whole annual planning? What kind of
measurements we have to do to keep analyzing and tracking the results all the time?
In the book of Gunnar Borg – Borg’s perceived exertion and pain scales, I’ve seen a model, which
allows us to keep the intensity over the perceived exertion, which means that the RPE is a sum of all
the intensity, and allow us to track it very correct (Gunnar Borg - 1998). As we already have the
relation between the HR, RPE and VO2, we can build up the entire annual plan following the intensity
of the Borg’s scale – from 0-20 (APP 11). On other hand by doing this we can also find out very easy
which training zone we are working at – T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6 as we have it in the table for the
relations between the HR, RPE and VO2. So we are using a self regulation method of the intensity
(Borg, 1998), which allow us to focus very well over the specific training focuses – technical, tactical,
physical and mental. I’ve also develop a simple table for defining what is the priority into the practice,
so we can implement all the focusing areas, without problem, by prioritizing them.
Non-linear periodization
On other hand, we have a study, which show us that the liner periodization, leads to the hypertrophy
development (Sean Sturgess, MS and National Sport Council of Malaysia, Robert Newton, PhD, of
National Sport Institute and Edith Cowan University Australia), which we don’t want to happened,
but we would like to work over the dynamic effort and max effort zones (Science of Strength
practice,2002).
So how we are going to apply the non-linear periodization into the specific badminton practices, still
using the progression for the specific training focuses? I am giving a solution of this question together
with how to apply the self regulation intensity method which I mention above.

46
I am also going to compare this solution with the normal linear periodization, to show the differences
and to conclude the results.
1. Calculating the intensity of badminton practice (multi parameter practice)
Definition 1: An individual’s level of effort, compared with their maximal effort, which is usually
expressed as a percentage - NASM Research Institute at UNC, 2008
Definition 2: The intensity of badminton is combination of the intensities of all areas included in
badminton – tactical, technical, mental and physical. As the intensity of each one area is a percentage
of the workload of the maximum of the specific area (Physical demands of badminton, Bo
Omoosgard, 2002)
So, as I said above, it is a combination of the intensities of specific elements, but also from the max.
But how we know what the max is? When there are so many parameters, which are changing
nonstop – the hall temperature, the mood of the players, the opponents, etc. So we need a
parameter, which is a combinational parameter or a sum of all intensities. Gunner Borg in his book –
Borg’s perceived exertion has develop a specific scale for measuring the perception as a self
regulating method of a sum of all intensities – this simply means, that we can measure each practice
how hard we work as a sum of the all intensities. From other site, we would like as coaches to be
sure, that our players are working in the specific area – how? As we make the connection of the RPE
(rate of perceived effort) and the HR as I did it in the table in the chapter of the physical capacity. To
be sure that we know when are changing the training zones for each of our players (of course talking
about elite badminton players), I am also making the relation and between the VO2, where we are
actually tracking how the HR changes over a specific VO2 volume intake. When we make all the
relations – RPE, HR and VO2, we are going to know all the time and most important, we can check it
all the time is it true or not, as many coaches reports to be afraid if the players are not working in the
specific areas and they don’t want to say the truth about it (as saying that it is more hard than they
really feel it).
2. Find out how to use it into the annual plan together with the other practices
Most of the time the coaches are using the HR as a tool to measure where the athlete is working at
(which zone). But as I show in the research for developing the combinational on court test, the HR by
itself it is not enough adequate measurement. There are also so many parameters, which change can
change it, so at the end we can work at totally different zone, than we think we work at.
As understanding the relation between the HR, RPE and VO2, we can substitute the HR percentage
with its perceived effort shown within the tests. The really good part of it is that it is self regulation

47
method. This means that we don’t have to think about all parameters which are changing the HR, but
we can focus over the training focuses which we have for the practice.
There is a method called DALDA (daily analysis of life demands for athletes - Rushall, B. S. (1999).
Foundational principles of physical conditioning. Spring Valley, CA: Sports Science Associates) – which
monitors the daily physiological/psychological training response to help indentify that the athlete is
staying in the specific zone and also if there is a development of the physical capacity, which
development actually changes the zones.
3. Finding out the problems with the methods of the periodization and determining which
method is going to be used in the case of elite badminton player as Peter Mikkelsen.
Linear periodization: the linear periodization is developed in the early 60s, by the Russian professor
called Metveyev. The periodization is developed in two main phases – preparation and competition,
as each one has its own sub phases, for the preparation – general and specific and for competition –
precompetition and competition and transition phase. So during each one of the stage, there is rule
for determine the intensity. In the general we are working with high volume and low intensity, as the
focuses show is development of new technical skills and very formal tactical exercises. As much we
go close to the competition phase, we are increasing the intensity and decreasing the volume. The
target is to make a “peak” using the principle of super compensation.
By using this method we are mainly targeting the peak. By theory we can have max 4 peaks, because
of the necessary time for building from general till the competition sub phase. But there are also
some other problems:
- We are working with new technique only in the beginning;
- As much as we go close to the competition sub phase, we work as much functional and the qualities
of the GPP (general physical preparedness) are degreasing, which increase the risk of injuries
(Kreamer, 2002 – science of strength development). What we don’t use we lose.
- During the whole annual plan, we are working over something what we succeed (or not) to develop
over the general preparation phase. Many times, there is not enough time for building up enough, so
we have to satisfy with a “small” peak.
- Practically the intensity is first developed during the whole annual plan, but normally the factors
which changed the intensity as we saw above, are too many, so many time we have to change again
and again the plan, because of not finalizing the stage before. Or worst, we go ahead with the next
stage, without finalizing the stage before with the necessary success.
- There are only 4 types of micro cycles, which have to be implemented in the macro cycles, phases
and the sub phases.

48
Ok, let’s talk about the non linear periodization.

- Again there are the specifying the peaks, but the general principle is that the body can adapt to
different types of stress and to the change of them. Of course again there are working with
progression, but this time there are many progressions together.
- On other hand it is very hard to track the utilizing, because it is more important to make a success in
the stage, before to continue to the next stage. The annual plan is separating to macro cycles,
without to be specified as general preparation, specific and competition, etc.
- it is very used a different types of high intensity, but by stressing and observing the different types
of muscles groups and muscle fibers.
- You can do all kind of micro cycle, by changing the intensity and the volume, by observing the rests
and understating how the body adapts over a specific training load.
- Practically to achieve a success over the non-linear periodization the coaches has to go much into
the details and to tracking the athlete on a daily bases, than comparing to the linear periodization.
Conclusion: and the both of the methods have the pluses and the minuses. I am going to use a
modified non-linear periodization, with tracking the RPE, HR and VO2 development by the DALDA
method.
How? Les take a look over an example of annual plan developed in a way like that.
On the next page, you can see the full table, made by the usage of Optimo Software. As you can see
the training load is general as sum of the intensity and the volume, which is given by each week.
The software also uses DALDA method of tracking the daily changes of the development and the
perceived effort.
It is also possible to set up specific training focuses and to track them all the time, during the
different macro and micro cycles. For me personally it is very important to track all the time the
direction which I am moving the players, which I coach. From the view point of project manager, I
think it is very important to utilize everyone available hour, which each player (elite players).
To be able to do this, we have to set up specific goals, before the competitions, to use the “break
down and back” technique, which means to start planning from the specific tournament backwards
till the date today (Project management tool – Prince, 2002). When we set up the goals, we set up
also and the priorities of the goals. Practically the goals in the specific training areas are the training
focuses broke down in details. As we know how many hours we have per week, it is very easy to set
up hours for each tasks.
I understand clearly that the development or the applying of a periodization technique like this is not
the purpose of this assignment, but I found out many practically areas, of doing “the normal”

49
periodization. Anyway, after describing the problems I am using a annual plan, developed by VCP
software.

50
51
Setting the goals
Before starting up we have to set up general and specific goals for the season. General means for the
whole season and specific goals are applicable for a period of time – phase, sub phase, macro or even
micro cycle.
1. General goal: keeping the high level performance during the whole season.
2. Specific goal: achieving maximum peaks over the Denmark super Series October – 2009 and the
European championship – April 2010, as we are looking for effect of a quarter final for the both
of them.
3. Technical focuses:
- general: development of specific playing style.
Definition: playing style – set of technical and tactical tools, to achieve success. To play the
specific style, there is also a need of specific physical and mental skill, which also should be
developed.
Definition of the specific style: set up of strongly offensive style, with a lot of deceptions from all
tactical zones. To choose this kind of style, the player should be very fast as normal – as Peter
Mikkelsen is.
- Physical: improving the explosiveness, the strength (GPP, specific strength and strength
endurance), and the anaerobic capacity and moving the MAS point, by increasing the VO2 max.
- Mental: increasing the specific mental skills necessary for achieving the purposes: achievement
drive, productive thinking, self confidence and energy management.
- technical: - improving the positioning to the shuttle and the getting a better time of impact of
all offensive strokes, by improving the specific footwork, by increasing the rotations of the
offensive strokes at the back line ; - adding deception for all strokes, when it is possible
tactically to apply the deceptive stroke; -
- tactical: development of specific tactical combinations for protecting the weak points and
increasing the possibility of using the strong points;
f. Setting the peaks:
- Denmark Super Series 2009
- European Championships 2010
Real Annual planning: overview

To make the plan I’ve used VCP as software for development of it. The goals are described and
implemented into each one program. The strength program and the conditional program (running
program) are developed in advanced mode, so each one exercise and the set of it can be easily
overviewed.
52
In the program there are 11 Macro cycles separated in the specific phases and sub phases. As mesocycle, should be understand macro cycle. The raw with the blue
Macro cycles, is described the strength program and at the row with the purple fill is described the conditioning program with details.
53
As we describe above there are going to be two major peaks – Denmark Open 2009 and the European
Championships 2010. For the first peak there are 17 week and for the second peak there are 25 weeks
to be succeeded to build up a peak. As you can see there is a small 3rd peak after the main one, which is
for Spain open, where Peter Mikkelsen has won already and he can win again.
Only at the last small peak I use a method which is closer to the non linear periodization, than to the
linear periodization – to go down with the intensity and to increase the volume and then very fast to
switch them again so at the tournament he should has this small peak. Comparing to the linear
periodization I don’t have enough time to do this.
As I mention above the main goal for the strength program is going to be: improving the explosiveness
(max strength for minimum time), generally the strength (GPP, specific strength and strength
endurance and for the conditioning program is going to be: ) and the anaerobic capacity and moving
the MAS point, by increasing the VO2 max.
To achieve this I use according to long term development of athlete (LTD) I’ve choose to have most of
the weeks specific time for focusing over this area. So some of the weeks even that he is into the
competition period and everything should be connected with the functional on court practice, at my
opinion he should go out at the stadium and develop first the general necessary quality and then to
apply it on court. Of course I’ve consider when to do it – at the not important competition and when he
is targeting the highest peak, his entire conditioning program is on court.
I would like also to mention, that when planning the entire year it is very hard in my eyes to consider
how the volume and the intensity are going to be specifically during the weeks, because the planning is
made forward (considering the linear periodization) not backwards – which I normally am going to use
for the planning (I will explain more at my presentation).
Specific consideration during the planning:

- weekly hours of training: for each one micro cycle there are specific hours planned and sessions.
Because of the adaptation I am keeping the duration of the session, even if the intensity goes high and
the volume is not enough for covering the time. The reason why I do this is one of the main principles of
physiological adaptation – the body adapts to hours of training, as to the intensity and the volume
(Sports science, 2002), so this develops different perception of effort during the practices and is one of
the methods to develop a higher RPE (Borg’s scale, 1998).
- Weekly plan of training: optimizing the performance: again because of a principle of adaptation I keep
the hours of the training at the same hours and at the same days. Of course during the competitive
weeks there is a change.
- Competition week: as the purpose of this week is max performance I am changing the training load
54
Aalborg Sportshojskole 2007©
(sum of the intensity and the volume) considering the feedback of the player and the perception of the
load during the last week. This is the week where I start specific carbohydrates loading for 3 days before
the competition. Also according when and what time are the matches which are going to be played I
change the time of the practice. Also for most of the tournaments there is a traveling time.
- Tracking the training load (sum between the intensity and the volume): again this is the feedback of
the planned vs actual achieved success. As I use DALDA method (as explained above at the physical
section) I can track the performance of the player and to understand how actual the planed training
load was and if it is necessary to change the load for the coming week according to the feedback.
- GPP element at all strength practices: even that for most of the micros cycle I am using volume and
intensity exactly according the linear periodization I am keeping a GPP element (specific exercises or a
series of exercise). The reason why I do this is that I don’t want to lose what I gained in the previous
period and one of the ways to do this is exactly to keep a GPP element in the practice, even that the
focus of this practice is different than developing the GPP (Science of strength practice, 2002).
- Specific combinations during the badminton practice: I am implementing the principle which I
mention above for keeping a general focus of each practice. So even that the practices focus in the
micro cycle it might be different then the focus of the macro cycle, I still use a basic combinations of
exercises according to the macro cycle. For more details take a closer observation at the micro cycles.
- Set of development of the specific priorities for achieving the success of the planned technical
focuses: as you are going to see down I’ve made a table with described hours, hours per focused
element, and priorities of the elements for this period.
At the structure you are going to see an overview of the strength and conditioning programs, but the
programs by themselves are as applications at the end of the assignment.
Preparation phase 1
General preparation period 1

General preparation period of 4 weeks where the volume is getting high, especially at the end and the
intensity starts to increase. At this period we are going to target all the necessary technical strokes and
footwork which has to be changed according to the style of game which we want to achieve.
i. Macro 1 – it is with the same length as the general preparation period.
Macro planner
N Elements of Priority Training h/week % spend time of active

practice time
1. Physical 1 30 working hours per week – 40%
2. Technical 1 12 practices x 2.5 hours 40%
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3. Tactical 2 10 %
4. Mental 2 10%
At this macro cycle we are focusing on building up the footwork over the positioning for all offensive
situations, also building up the attack and follow up on the net pure technically. The physical part as
working for aerobic power, we do it outside. As you will see from the micro planner, all the elements
are implemented in each one practice.
Strength program – Macro 1

The focus is building up the necessary qualities so to be able to work for building up the main strength
focus – explosiveness. Mainly here are bilateral exercises and implementation of unilateral exercises as
lunges and one leg squat. Also at this period the coordination is going to be important, so to develop
also the nervous system at the level necessary when the exercises are on court.
Conditioning program – Macro 1

As normal linear periodization we start with development of aerobic power training mainly for
expanding the VO2: so long distance, distance and long interval training.
Micro 1 – example of training micro cycle

As you can see the intensity of the micro cycle is changed 2
twice, as the intensity ends very low. At the table on the next
page, you can see the micro planner with all exercises of this
micro cycle. Also you can see the type of strength and conditioning practice, but if you want to see the
details you have to open the applications with them. The applications are by macro cycles.
56
Micro cycle planner – 12 practices, 2.5 hours a practice – badminton practice
Type of training Elements in training Prio Exercises Planned Target HR of Target RPE Notes
rity ActiveTime max
Monday 1 Conditioning training Long distance training See the applications for details
2 Badminton practice Warm up Normal N 1. Easy running with specific badminton footwork 20 min Easy
2. Half court game with tactical restriction – after
smash, the defense is short at the net – on the
forehand half straight
Physical Footwork for 1 1. Imitational footwork – PC (playing center)->FBC 48 min 70 – 75 % of Easy
getting under (forehand back corner)->smash->follow up – 20 max
the right point seconds work/20 sec rest – easy tempo
of impact 2. Multifeeding - From BC (backhand corner)
Defense->FBC -> smash ->follow up- only one shuttle
for smash (easy) – target – how he is placed before
the smash – 5 shuttles/easy tempo, the quality
matters
Technical Smash and 2 1. Multifeeding – from FBC -> smash - > on the net – 48 min Easy
fallow up spin shots – 10 shuttles x 5 times
2. Multifeeding – from FBC->smash -> high on the net
->flat straight – 10 shuttles x 5 times
3. Multifeeding –from FBC->smash ->high on the net
– but short cross on the net – deceptive – 10 shuttles
x 5 times
Tactical Simple offensive 3 1. Recognition – High serve -> if at constructive 12 min + Easy
tactic situation, deceptive clear ->if at total offense -> 12 min
Mental Achievement 4 smash straight with fallow up Easy
drive Implementation of high focus and till success of each
exercise – if he is not ready NO mistakes, we wait till
he is ready –MAX FOCUS
57
Cool Normal N Active stretching PNF 10 min
down
Tuesday 3 Badminton practice Warm up Normal N 1. Easy running with specific badminton footwork 20 min Easy
smash, the defense is short at the net – the players
are playing cross at the backhand cross sides
Physical Footwork for 1 1. Imitational footwork - PC->BBC (backhand back 48 min 80-85% of Easy- Smash but
getting under corner)->smash->follow up – 20 seconds work/20 sec max somewhat with
the right point rest – easy tempo hard rotation –
of impact 2. Multifeeding - From FC (forehand) Defense->BBC - not with
> smash ->follow up- only one shuttle for smash scissor jump
(easy) – target – how he is placed before the smash –
5 shuttles/easy tempo, the quality matters
Technical Smash and 2 1. Multifeeding – from BBC -> smash - > on the net – 48 min Easy-
fallow up spin shots – 10 shuttles x 5 times somewhat
2. Multifeeding – from BBC->smash -> high on the hard
net ->flat straight – 10 shuttles x 5 times
3. Multifeeding –from BBC->smash ->high on the net
x 5 times
Tactical Simple offensive 3 1. Recognition – High serve -> if at constructive 12 min + Easy-
tactic situation, deceptive clear ->if at total offense -> 12 min somewhat
smash straight with fallow up hard
Mental Achievement 4 Implementation of high focus and till success of each
drive exercise – if he is not ready NO mistakes, we wait till
down
4 Badminton practice Warm up Normal N 1.Easy running with specific badminton footwork 20 min Easy
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forehand half straight
Physical Footwork for 1 1. Imitational footwork - PC->FBC->smash->follow up 48 min 90-95% of Getting
getting under – 20 seconds work/20 sec rest – easy tempo max Hard
the right point 2. Multifeeding - From BC Defense->FBC -> smash -
of impact >follow up- only one shuttle for smash (easy) – target
– how he is placed before the smash – 5
shuttles/easy tempo, the quality matters
Technical Smash and 2 1. Multifeeding – from FBC -> smash - > on the net – 48 min Getting
fallow up spin shots – 10 shuttles x 5 times Hard
2. Multifeeding – from FBC->smash -> high on the net
->flat straight – 10 shuttles x 5 times
3. Multifeeding –from FB->smash ->high on the net –
but short cross on the net – deceptive – 10 shuttles x
5 times
Tactical Simple offensive 3 1. Recognition – High serve -> if at constructive 12 min + Getting
tactic situation, deceptive clear ->if at total offense -> 12 min Hard
smash straight with fallow up
Cool Normal N Active stretching PNF 10 min Easy
down
Wednesday 5 Strength training Basic and max strength N See the applications for details
6 Badminton practice Warm up Normal N 1. Easy running with specific badminton footwork 20 min Easy
smash, the defense is short at the net – the players
are playing cross at the backhand cross sides
59
Physical Footwork for 1 1. Imitational footwork - PC->BBC->smash->follow 48 min 80-85% of Easy-
getting under up – 20 seconds work/20 sec rest – easy tempo max somewhat
the right point 2. Multifeeding - From FC Defense->BBC -> smash - hard
of impact >follow up- only one shuttle for smash (easy) – target
– how he is placed before the smash – 5
Technical Smash and 2 1. Multifeeding – from BBC -> smash - > on the net – 48 min Easy-
fallow up spin shots – 10 shuttles x 5 times somewhat
2. Multifeeding – from BBC->smash -> high on the hard
net ->flat straight – 10 shuttles x 5 times
3. Multifeeding –from BBC->smash ->high on the net
x 5 times
Tactical Simple offensive 3 1. Recognition – High serve -> if at constructive 12 min + Easy-
tactic situation, deceptive clear ->if at total offense -> 12 min somewhat
smash straight with fallow up hard
down
Thursday 7 Conditioning training Long interval running See the applications for details
forehand half cross. Playing on the forehand half of
the cross court.
Physical Footwork for 1 1. Imitational footwork - PC->FBC->cross smash- 48 min 70 – 75 % of Easy
getting under >follow up – 20 seconds work/20 sec rest – easy max
60
the right point tempo
of impact 2. Multifeeding - From BC (backhand) Defense->FBC -
> cross smash ->follow up- only one shuttle for smash
(easy) – target – how he is placed before the smash –
5 shuttles/easy tempo, the quality matters
Technical Smash and 2 1. Multifeeding – from FBC ->cross smash - > on the 48 min 70 – 75 % of Easy It is
fallow up net – spin shots – 10 shuttles x 5 times max important
2. Multifeeding – from FBC->cross smash -> high on the way he
the net ->flat straight – 10 shuttles x 5 times goes as
3. Multifeeding –from FB->cross smash ->high on the position to
net – but short cross on the net – deceptive – 10 the spin
shuttles x 5 times shots
Mental Achievement 4 smash cross with fallow up
down
Friday 9 Badminton practice Warm up Normal N 1.Easy running with specific badminton footwork 20 min Easy
forehand half cross. Playing on the backhand half of
the cross court.
Physical Footwork for 1 1. Imitational footwork - PC->BBC->cross smash- 48 min Hard
getting under >follow up – 20 seconds work/20 sec rest – easy
of impact 2. Multifeeding - From FC Defense->BBC -> cross
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smash ->follow up- only one shuttle for smash –
target – how he is placed before the smash – 5
shuttles, the quality matters
Technical Smash and 2 1. Multifeeding – from BBC ->cross smash - > on the 48 min 90 – 95 % of Hard
fallow up net – spin shots – 10 shuttles x 5 times the max
2. Multifeeding – from BBC->cross smash -> high on
the net ->flat straight – 10 shuttles x 5 times
3. Multifeeding –from BBC->cross smash ->high on
the net – but short cross on the net – deceptive – 10
shuttles x 5 times
Tactical Simple offensive 3 1. Recognition – High serve -> if at constructive 12 min + Hard
Mental Achievement 4 smash cross with fallow up Hard
down
the cross court.
Physical Footwork for 1 1. Imitational footwork - PC->FBC->cross smash- 48 min 80 – 85 % of Getting
getting under >follow up – 20 seconds work/20 sec rest – easy max hard
of impact 2. Multifeeding - From BC Defense->FBC -> cross
smash ->follow up- only one shuttle for smash (easy)
– target – how he is placed before the smash – 5
62
Technical Smash and 2 1. Multifeeding – from FBC ->cross smash - > on the 48 min Getting
fallow up net – spin shots – 10 shuttles x 5 times hard
2. Multifeeding – from FBC->cross smash -> high on
3. Multifeeding –from FB->cross smash ->high on the
net – but short cross on the net – deceptive – 10
shuttles x 5 times
Tactical Simple offensive 3 1. Recognition – High serve -> if at constructive 12 min + Getting
tactic situation, deceptive clear ->if at total offense -> 12 min hard
down
Saturday 11 Strength training Basic and max strength See the applications for details
the cross court.
Physical Footwork for 1 1. Imitational footwork - PC->FBC->cross smash- 48 min 70 – 75 % of Easy
getting under >follow up – 20 seconds work/20 sec rest – easy max
of impact 2. Multifeeding - From BC Defense->FBC -> cross
smash ->follow up- only one shuttle for smash (easy)
– target – how he is placed before the smash – 5
63
Technical Smash and 2 1. Multifeeding – from FBC ->cross smash - > on the 48 min Easy
fallow up net – spin shots – 10 shuttles x 5 times
2. Multifeeding – from FBC->cross smash -> high on
3. Multifeeding –from FB->cross smash ->high on the
net – but short cross on the net – deceptive – 10
shuttles x 5 times
down
Sunday 1 Rest
Legend:
FBC – forehand back corner
BBC – backhand back corner
FC – forehand (corner)
BC – backhand (corner)
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Specific preparation period 1
Specific preparation period is from 5 weeks, where we are continuing to build up over the offensive situation,
this time start implementing more the tactical recognition and decision making process.
If at the general period we succeed to build up good smash and good positioning with fallowing up the shuttle
on the net, now is time to build up one level up – getting from the net very fast, again for keeping the
initiative and succeeding to put full pressure over the opponent.
Physically we are getting from general strength and developing the maximum more into the development of
explosiveness, to apply this what we succeed to build up during the general period. Also at this period, we are
working to develop more the agility skills and the combination between them and the strength – which is the
PML jump, the start after the jump and to shorten the ground contact time at the lunges.
I believe that the general period also is going to be enough to have the achievement drive at a better level –
so to start building up more the productive thinking together with the achievement drive. We are going to do
this primarily with developing the tactical decision making process and putting the stress at the right choice
and the quality more than the quantity.
Macro 2
Macro planner
N Elements of practice Priority Training h/week % spend time of active

time
1. Technical 1 30 working hours per week 40%
2. Physical 2 – 12 practices x 2.5 hours 30%
3. Tactical 3 20 %
4. Mental 4 10%

Building up the explosiveness by changing the tempo of the exercises and changing the methods as including
the Perceived effort, so to be sure that we are going to achieve success. Also we start to implement more
badminton specific exercises as specific type of lunges and forearm development – as wrist rotation.

Still keeping the running program out of the hall and targeting primarily the short and short –short interval
running, but more preparing the body for them, as we are going to continue using them at the
precompetition and competition period.
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Micro 2 – example of development micro cycle
At the development micro cycle we are trying to use the super

compensation principle at max, by getting the intensity high at the beginning, than bringing it down, a little
high again and than going very high again. As all type micro cycles, we can use and this in all stages, but we
have to be careful where exactly we implement it and which type of micro cycle we have after it, because the
player might not be restored at the beginning of the next micro cycle and we have to consider this if the next
is let say competition micro cycle.
Again at the micro builder we can see all focused areas implemented in priorities and in time. Again the active
working time is the time which we calculate the percentage of. And again we are trying to keep one element
which is general for the macro cycle into the practice.
66
rity ActiveTime max
Monday 1 Conditioning training Primarily short and short – See the applications for details
short training
2 Badminton practice Warm up Normal N 1. Footwork on court – shadow badminton – 20 min
explosive start and easy coming back to the PC
2. Game – half court single, tactical restrictions –
game till 5 points – short service and fighting for the
initiative till winning.
Physical Footwork – 2 1. Multifeeding – 12 shuttles – 3 series – from FFC – 36 min 70-75% of easy Purpose is
starting from the spinshot -> high lift at the TOS at BFC -> smash -> max the
net to smash spin shot again footwork
position, 2. Multifeeding – 12 shuttles – 3 series – from BFC –
explosive turn spinshot ->high lift at the TOS at BFC -> smash -> spin
Technical Deceptive net, 1 shot again 48 min Easy
getting to the 3. Multifeeding – 12 shuttles – 3 series – from FFC –
right position to cross net ->high lift at the TOS of BBC -> smash with
smash and follow up->kill at the net
follow up 4. Multifeeding – 12 shuttles – 5 series – short serve
receiving deceptive-> fighting for the initiative at the
site of the service -> high lift at the TOS at the site of
the service -> smash with fallow up
5. One shuttle (one player in offense, other defense)
- Short service – deceptive receiving from the
opponent -> fighting for the initiative ->high lift at
TOS anywhere at the BC ->smash with fallowing on
the net with spin shot
Tactical offensive tactic 3 1. Multifeeding – 21 shuttles – high service – if the 24 min + Easy
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Mental Productive 4 shuttle is in the TOS – smash or cut drop shot with 12 min Easy The choice is
thinking fallowing on the net, if the shuttle is at the COS – connect with
deceptive clear or pull drop shots. The feeder moves the position
after he serves in specific defensive situation. of the
feeder also.
Cool Normal N Active stretching – PNF 10 min easy
down
Tuesday 3 Badminton practice Warm up Normal N 1. Footwork on court – shadow badminton – 20 min
2. Game – half court English doubles – each time he
wins a fight for the initiative 2 points.
Physical Footwork – 2 1. Two against one – he plays offensive, they 36 min 80-85% of Easy to
starting from the defensive. Every time he plays on the net, there max somewhat
net to smash should be high lift, which he should attack and follow hard
position, up – 3 min x 6 series
explosive turn 2. Two against one – short service and fighting for
Technical Deceptive net, 1 the initiative – games till 5 points. If he alone wins a 48 min Easy to
getting to smash fighting of the initiative – he wins the game somewhat
and follow up immediately – 20 min. hard
Tactical offensive tactic 3 3. Two against one – games till 3 points - high service, 24 min Easy to
they attack, he has to succeed to change to offense somewhat
and to win the rally – if he succeed – he win the hard
Mental Productive 4 game. 12 min Easy to
thinking 4. One against one – whole court – one plays without somewhat
back zone defensive, the other plays without net hard
zone – offensive. Starting of short service. 3 min
change.
Cool Normal N Active stretching and coordination 10 min
down
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Physical Footwork – 2 1. Multifeeding – 12 shuttles – 3 series – from FFC – 36 min 90-95% of Hard to
starting from the spinshot -> high lift at the TOS at BFC -> smash -> max very hard
net to smash spin shot again
Technical Deceptive net, 1 shot again 48 min Hard to
getting to smash 3. Multifeeding – 12 shuttles – 3 series – from FFC – very hard
and follow up cross net ->high lift at the TOS of BBC -> smash with
follow up->kill at the net
4. Multifeeding – 12 shuttles – 5 series – short serve
Tactical offensive tactic 3 1. Multifeeding – 21 shuttles – high service – if the 24 min + Very hard
Mental Productive 4 shuttle is in the TOS – smash or cut drop shot with 12 min
thinking fallowing on the net, if the shuttle is at the COS –
deceptive clear or pull drop shots. The feeder moves
after he serves in specific defensive situation.
Cool Normal N Active stretching – PNF 10 min
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down
Wednesday 5 Strength training Explosive strength and N See the applications for details
maintenance of max strength
Physical Footwork – 2 1. Two against one – he plays offensive, they 36 min 70-75% of easy
starting from the defensive. Every time he plays on the net, there max
net to smash should be high lift, which he should attack and follow
Technical Deceptive net, 1 the initiative – games till 5 points. If he alone wins a 48 min Easy
getting to smash fighting of the initiative – he wins the game
and follow up immediately – 20 min.
Tactical offensive tactic 3 3. Two against one – games till 3 points - high service, 24 min Easy
Mental Productive 4 they attack, he has to succeed to change to offense 12 min easy
thinking and to win the rally – if he succeed – he win the
game.
4. One against one – whole court – one plays without
back zone defensive, the other plays without net
change.
down
Thursday 7 Conditioning training Primarily short and short – See the applications for details
short training
70
Physical Footwork – 2 1. Multifeeding – 12 shuttles – 3 series – from FFC – 36 min 80-85% Getting
starting from the spinshot -> high lift at the TOS at BFC -> smash -> hard
Technical Deceptive net, 1 shot again 48 min Getting
getting to smash 3. Multifeeding – 12 shuttles – 3 series – from FFC – hard
and follow up cross net ->high lift at the TOS of BBC -> smash with
Tactical offensive tactic 3 1. Multifeeding – 21 shuttles – high service – if the 24 min + Getting
shuttle is in the TOS – smash or cut drop shot with hard
fallowing on the net, if the shuttle is at the COS –
Mental Productive 4 12 min
thinking
71
down
Friday 9 Badminton practice Warm up Normal N 1. Footwork on court – shadow badminton – 20 min
Physical Footwork – 2 1. Two against one – he plays offensive, they 36 min 70-75% Easy
starting from the defensive. Every time he plays on the net, there
Technical Deceptive net, 1 the initiative – games till 5 points. If he alone wins a 48 min Easy
getting to smash fighting of the initiative – he wins the game
Tactical offensive tactic 3 3. Two against one – games till 3 points - high service, 24 min Easy
Mental Productive 4 they attack, he has to succeed to change to offense 12 min Easy
thinking and to win the rally – if he succeed – he win the
game.
change.
down
Physical Footwork – 2 1. Multifeeding – 12 shuttles – 3 series – from FFC – 36 min 80-85% Getting
72
starting from the spinshot -> high lift at the TOS at BFC -> smash -> hard
shot again
3. Multifeeding – 12 shuttles – 3 series – from FFC –
cross net ->high lift at the TOS of BBC -> smash with
Technical Deceptive net, 1 48 min Getting
getting to smash hard
and follow up
Tactical offensive tactic 3 1. Multifeeding – 21 shuttles – high service – if the 24 min + Getting
shuttle is in the TOS – smash or cut drop shot with hard
fallowing on the net, if the shuttle is at the COS –
Mental Productive 4 12 min
thinking
down
73
Saturday 11 Strength training Explosive strength and N See the applications for details
maintenance of max strength
Physical Footwork – 2 1. Two against one – he plays offensive, they 36 min 90-95% of Hard to
starting from the defensive. Every time he plays on the net, there max very hard
Technical Deceptive net, 1 the initiative – games till 5 points. If he alone wins a 48 min Hard to
getting to smash fighting of the initiative – he wins the game very hard
Tactical offensive tactic 3 3. Two against one – games till 3 points - high service, 24 min Hard to
they attack, he has to succeed to change to offense very hard
Mental Productive 4 and to win the rally – if he succeed – he win the 12 min Hard to
thinking game. very hard
change.
down
Sunday 1 Rest
Legend:
TOS – total offensive situation
COS – constructive offensive situation
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Competition phase 2
Precompetition period 1
The precompetition period is 4 weeks as at the last week there is international tournament Russian Open
2009. The specific part is at the transition between the precompetition and the competition period, as the
beginning of the competition period also there is the Bit burger International 2009 Germany. That why at this
period I’ve chose to make the second week an example of restitution period, because of the coming
tournament, so after the restitution micro cycle is going to be a Competition micro cycle.
Macro 3
Macro planner

practice time
1. Technical 2 30 working hours per week – 12 30 %
2. Physical 3 practices x 2.5 hours 15 %
3. Tactical 1 40 %
4. Mental 3 15 %

The target is still to develop more explosive strength and to maintain the maxim strength. For achieving this
I’ve made at each session implementation of at least one exercise made in MAX effort, not in the Dynamic
effort. Even that it is very hard to exclude the hypertrophy phase effort, because it is linear periodization
which results at hypertrophy, I’ve succeed it by using a RPE method again for measurement of how hard is
the strength program.

The purpose is anaerobic power; again primarily short a short-short interval running. Starting to develop the
lactic acid capacity with long anaerobic capacity training. I’ve used implementation of different skills into the
interval running with purpose of developing also the agility skills especially at acceleration and deceleration.
75
Micro 3 – example of restitution micro cycle
As I explained the purpose of this restitution cycle especially in this

macro cycle is to prepare the player for entering the competition macro cycle. At one of the days the training
load reach the maximum but because of the principle of super compensation, at the end of the micro cycle,
the player is going to be ready to go again for the max, which is going to be during the competition micro
cycle, by building it on two phases. The exercises are becoming much more functional than they were at the
specific preparation phase.
76
rity ActiveTime max
Monday 1 Conditioning training Anaerobic power training: See the applications for details
primarily short and short-
short
2 Badminton practice Warm up On court N 1. Two against one with two shuttles – each shuttle, 20 min The both are
should be keeping in one of the halfs. Change of each only
40 sec. clearing. The
2. Two against one – one shuttle – playing with 4 alone can do
tactical zones, changing them each one really. 3 everything.
min/per person
Physical Anaerobic 3 1. On court – Multifeeding – 100% speed, but not till 18 min 60-65% of Easy to
capacity exhaustion – max 5-6 shuttle – offensive game max Somewhat
training 2. On court – Multifeeding – 100% speed, but not till hard
exhaustion – max 5-6 shuttle – defensive game
Technical Defense, 2 1. Two against one with tactical restrictions – two are 36 min Very Easy
contra attack playing offensive (one at the net, the other at the
till success back), if the one make a tactically right contra attack,
Tactical Defensive and 1 they goes side by sides in the halfs, and he has to 48 min Very Easy
contra finish the rally. They defense without contra – 5
situations min/each
Mental Energy 3 2. Two (side by side) against one – they press him at 18 min Very Easy
management middle court game, he has to succeed to contra
attack and then they goes in defense and he finished
the rally.
3. Games – one against one – with real coaching.
During the game there is very lowed music.
4. Normal set – max focus – each point made by
77
contra attack and finishing the rally is 3 points.
Cool down Active stretching with short starting sprints 10 min

Tuesday 3 Badminton practice Warm up On court N 1. On court game – English doubles but each finished 20 min Easy
contra attack – plus 2 points, each straight smash,
cross defense
Physical Anaerobic 3 1. Two against one – both are at the net, he is whole 18 min 70-75% of Hard The focus is
capacity court, tempo high speed – 10 strokes and change. max till success
training 2. One is Multifeeding – 5 shuttles at the TOS, after of each one
Technical Defense, 2 finishing the shuttles, second player continues 36 min Easy exercise
contra attack fighting but a little defensive for the initiative on half
till success court – till success of the player who is alone – 10
Tactical Defensive and 1 series per person 48 min Easy
contra 3. One is multifeeding – 5 shuttles from the net from
situations chair offensively, the player alone defense short
Mental Self confidence 3 cross if it is not possible to contra, but if it is possible, 18 min easy
the other player plays a rally after the contra, as he is
defensive and the alone player is attacking and it is
again till success. The alone player is not allowed to
contra. – 10 series per person
4. Game where one is playing “loser” he is defending,
without contra attack and he is without smash. The
other is full attack and full pressure. Change each
rally.
Cool down Active stretching with sprints 10 min easy
4 Badminton practice Warm up On court N 1. On court game – English doubles but each finished 20 min easy
contra attack – plus 2 points, each cross smash,
straight defense
Physical Anaerobic 3 1. Two against one – both are at the net, he is whole 18 min 80-85% of hard
78
capacity court, tempo high speed – 12 strokes and change. max
training 2. One is Multifeeding – 7 shuttles at the TOS, after
Technical Defense, 2 finishing the shuttles, second player continues 36 min Easy
contra attack fighting but a little defensive for the initiative on half somewhat
till success court – till success of the player who is alone – 7 hard
Tactical Defensive and 1 series per person 48 min Easy
contra 3. One is multifeeding – 7 shuttles from the net from somewhat
situations chair offensively, the player alone defense short hard
Mental Self confidence 3 cross if it is not possible to contra, but if it is possible, 18 min Easy
the other player plays a rally after the contra, as he is somewhat
defensive and the alone player is attacking and it is hard
rally.
Cool down Active stretching and a little bit of rope skipping 10 min
Wednesday 5 Strength training Explosiveness See the application for details
6 Badminton practice Warm up On court N 1. On court game – English doubles but each finished 20 min
contra attack – plus 2 points
Physical Anaerobic 3 1. Multifeeding – 20 shuttles – speed 100% max – all 18 min 95-100 % of Very Very
capacity over without to see where the shuttles are coming max hard
training (cover the net with clothes) – 5 series
Technical Defense, 2 2. Games match like situations – one set of match 36 min Very hard
contra attack everyone against everyone – min 5 set matches with
till success different players.
Tactical Defensive and 1 3. Two against one – speed endurance till anaerobic 48 min Very hard
contra capacity training – 10 shuttles – rest max 35 sec. – 5
79
situations sets
Mental Self confidence 3 18 min Very hard
Cold down N 10 min
Thursday 7 Conditioning training Anaerobic power training: See the applications for details
primarily short and short-
short
8 Badminton practice Warm up On court 1. On court game – English doubles but each finished 20 min easy
contra attack – plus 2 points, each cross smash,
straight defense
Physical Anaerobic 1. Two against one – both are at the net, he is whole 18 min 80-85% of hard
capacity court, tempo high speed – 12 strokes and change. max
training 2. One is Multifeeding – 7 shuttles at the TOS, after
Technical Defense, finishing the shuttles, second player continues 36 min Easy
contra attack fighting but a little defensive for the initiative on half somewhat
till success court – till success of the player who is alone – 7 hard
Tactical Defensive and series per person 48 min Easy
contra 3. One is multifeeding – 7 shuttles from the net from somewhat
situations chair offensively, the player alone defense short hard
Mental Self confidence cross if it is not possible to contra, but if it is possible, 18 min Easy
the other player plays a rally after the contra, as he is somewhat
defensive and the alone player is attacking and it is hard
rally.
Cool down Active stretching and a little bit of rope skipping 10 min
Friday 9 Badminton practice Warm up On court N 1. Two against one with two shuttles – each shuttle, 20 min The both are
80
min/per person
Technical Defense, 2 exhaustion – max 5-6 shuttle – defensive game 36 min Very Easy
contra attack 1. Two against one with tactical restrictions – two are
till success playing offensive (one at the net, the other at the
Tactical Defensive and 1 back), if the one make a tactically right contra attack, 48 min Very Easy
contra they goes side by sides in the halfs, and he has to
situations finish the rally. They defense without contra – 5
Mental Energy 3 min/each 18 min Very Easy
management 2. Two (side by side) against one – they press him at
middle court game, he has to succeed to contra
the rally.

10 Badminton practice Warm up On court N 1. Two against one with two shuttles – each shuttle, 20 min The both are
81
min/per person
exhaustion – max 5-6 shuttle – defensive game
Technical Defense, 2 1. Two against one with tactical restrictions – two are 36 min Easy
contra attack playing offensive (one at the net, the other at the
till success back), if the one make a tactically right contra attack,
Tactical Defensive and 1 they goes side by sides in the halfs, and he has to 48 min Easy
contra finish the rally. They defense without contra – 5
situations min/each
Mental Energy 3 2. Two (side by side) against one – they press him at 18 min Easy
management middle court game, he has to succeed to contra
the rally.

Saturday 11 Strength training Explosiveness See the application for details
12 Badminton practice Warm up On court N 1. On court game – English doubles but each finished 20 min Easy
contra attack – plus 2 points, each straight smash,
cross defense
Physical Anaerobic 3 1. Two against one – both are at the net, he is whole 18 min 70-75% of Hard The focus is
capacity court, tempo high speed – 10 strokes and change. max till success
training 2. One is Multifeeding – 5 shuttles at the TOS, after of each one
82
finishing the shuttles, second player continues exercise
Technical Defense, 2 fighting but a little defensive for the initiative on half 36 min Easy
contra attack court – till success of the player who is alone – 10
till success series per person
Tactical Defensive and 1 3. One is multifeeding – 5 shuttles from the net from 48 min Easy
contra chair offensively, the player alone defense short
situations cross if it is not possible to contra, but if it is possible,
Mental Self confidence 3 the other player plays a rally after the contra, as he is 18 min easy
defensive and the alone player is attacking and it is
rally.
Cool down Active stretching with sprints 10 min easy
Sunday 1 Rest Restitution run
83
Competition period 1
This competition period is 4 weeks and ends with the first peak – Denmark Open 2009 and it’s begin with
BitBurger International 2009. If the first week is competition micro cycle, the next week might be training one
and the third again restitution micro cycle, so to be sure that he is going to be max ready for the Competition
micro cycle, which we are going to see now – the last week for peaking at Denmark Open 2009.
Macro 4
Macro planner
N Elements of practice Priority Training h/week % spend time of active time

1. Technical 2 30 working hours per 20 %
2. Physical 2 week – 12 practices x 2.5 20 %
3. Tactical 1 hours 30 %
4. Mental 1 30 %

Working for keeping the explosiveness and maintaining of the maximum strength. One and a half week
before the peak the strength training is stopped till after the tournament.

Still maintaining short interval and short – short interval training out of the hall, but into the hall maintain the
anaerobic capacity training. Again the reason why we still go outside to develop specific qualities are the
second peak and the Long term athlete development. Also the hours of training generally are increased a lot
comparing the last season, so also from a point of mental restitution we still go outside (Vealley, 2002 –
mental skills during performance periods - article)
Micro 4 – example of competition micro cycle
As you can see the intensity is increased during the first 2 days, where
the days before the competition is a little lower and one day before the competition is increased and again so
to peak at the right moment – the competition. Here is the moment of implementing 3 days before the
competition the carbohydrates loading, so the glycogen stores at the body are filled up.
84
rity ActiveTime max
Monday 1 Conditioning training Short – short interval training See the applications for details
2 Badminton practice Warm up On court 1. As it is on at the competition. Individual worm up. 20 min
Using imaginary mental preparation.
Physical On court 2 1. Two against one – defense –long service, two are 24 min 60-65 % of Easy
Technical Game like 2 pressing all not full power over as they are side by 24 min max
side. The rally over till success when there is a high
Tactical Game like 1 36 min
defensive lob. 3 min x 5 sets
2. Two against one – offense – short serve, deceptive
Mental All of the 1 receiving, target the first 3 strokes to be offensive – 3 36 min
min x 5 sets.
qualities
3. Normal games – only 1 match
4. Service/receive for single – the first 3 strokes –
keeping the initiative
Cool down Active stretching 10 min

Tuesday 3 Badminton practice Warm up On court 1. As it is on at the competition. Individual worm up. 20 min
Tactical Game like 1 side. The rally over till success when there is a high 36 min
Mental All of the 1 defensive lob. 3 min x 5 sets 36 min
qualities 2. Two against one – offense – short serve, deceptive
receiving, target the first 3 strokes to be offensive – 3
min x 5 sets.
85

min x 5 sets.

Wednesday 5 Condition training Restitution run See the applications for details
min x 5 sets.
86

Thursday, Friday, Saturday and Sunday – Denmark Open 2009
Sunday 1 Rest Restitution run
As you can see during the whole week there is the same practice, with changing the load. The purpose is mainly the mental preparation for getting in right mental
and emotional mood for the peak. During each warm up it is very important the use of imaginary method for increasing the mental performance. Also recognition of
the emotional anxiety – if too much, using the cool down music if too less using “pick me up” type of music.
87
Preparation phase 2
The phase consists two macro cycles. The both of them has almost the same purposes comparing the first
general period, but this time we start at higher level, using different types of methods during each one of the
practices.
General preparation period 2
Macro 5
Macro planner

practice time
1. Technical 1 30 working hours per week 45%
2. Physical 1 – 12 practices x 2.5 hours 45%
3. Tactical 2 20 %
4. Mental 3 10%
The macro cycle is 4 week, where again the focuses are for building up the specific playing style. This time we
are putting the focus over optimizing the movement on court, the footwork and the technical elements of the
attack. Here we start working over shortening the ground contact time, so some of the elements of the GPP
(general physical preparedness) are combined in a way for increasing the exclusivity.

We start working also for improving the length of the lunge at the push steps, by implementing specific
exercises for glutelus and the ham strings. Also working more for the core stability especially for the
rotational movements.

Again the focus is over the aerobic power training. At the beginning of the macro cycle, we have tests for
measurements of the aerobic power (VO2max) and the anaerobic power (Wingate test).
Macro 6
The purposes are the same as the macro 5, but some of the methods are changed. This is the second
macro cycle where the volume and the intensity are equalized. The Italian open, which is at the second
week of the macro is a training tournament for understanding how the development is going on. After
the tournament we are continuing to increase the volume.
88
Macro planner

practice time
1. Technical 1 30 working hours per week – 45%
2. Physical 1 12 practices x 2.5 hours 45%
3. Tactical 2 15 %
4. Mental 2 15%

Here we start to implement more and more unilateral exercises for the lower body and for the upper body.
Implementation of new coordination and balance exercises.

We continue to developing primarily the aerobe power by distance training, long interval training and only at
the end of the cycle, because it is enough long, we start a implementing the short interval running at the end
of macro 6, till we develop it fully at the Specific preparation period.
Specific preparation period 2

The second specific preparation period consist also 2 macro cycles of 4 and 3 weeks. The reason for this is
that I change the priorities over the elements as close as we go to the precompetition and the competition
period.
Macro 7
Macro planner
N Elements of Priority Training h/week % spend time of active time

practice
1. Technical 1 30 working hours per week – 30%
2. Physical 1 12 practices x 2.5 hours 30%
3. Tactical 2 10 %
4. Mental 2 10%
Even here I start to make more complex exercises, still enough formal, but closer to the functional comparing
to the specific period 1. I am trying to implement minimum 2 training focuses at the same exercises, so to be
able to achieve the complexity of the game earlier, so to have more time to work with more higher level of
functional exercises comparing the first training period.
89

I am starting implementation of the stabilizing exercises with balance effect – stability ball, specific deep
squats and lunges, unilateral exercises. I am targeting also to have the right preparation effect over the
nervous system, because of the future combination with sprints and accelerations and deceleration exercises.

As I mention above implementing the acceleration, deceleration short sprints as a part of short-short interval
running.
Macro 8
At macro 8 the volume reach 100% in the beginning and after it continues to drop down. To be sure that I
utilize the maximum at this period I use again the perception of effort for calculating the sets and into the
repetitions.
Macro planner
N Elements of Priority Training h/week % spend time H/elements/week

practice of active time
1. Technical 1 30 working hours 30% 12 hours
2. Physical 2 per week – 12 25% 12 hours
3. Tactical 1 practices x 2.5 30 % 3 hours
4. Mental 3 hours 15% 3 hours
I am starting to focus more over the tactical and technical elements of the practice as combinational exercises
between more than one training focus.

I continue to develop the explosiveness and to implement it into the badminton practice. Anaerobic power
and movement of the MAS point is the priority.

Continuing working short and short-short interval running. The focus is more to combine the effect of the
strength program with the short-short interval running program, for the future implementation of
plyomethric exercises.
Competition phase 2
Normally, by the theory of the linear periodization a macro cycle is from 2 to 6 weeks and in rarer cases up to
8 weeks. This is a case like this, where the macro 9 is at the same size as the precompetition period. The
competition period is again the same as the macro 10, there is coming the second peak – The European
championship. At the end of the competition phase is the Spain Open a tournament which Peter Mikkelsen
90
has won once and we are expecting that during this year the tournament is going to be very strong. One of
the purposes of making a small peak, as you can see it on the periodization curve is to work over specific
mental purposes – applying the achievement drive and the developed self confidence, so to win it again.
Precompetition period 2
Macro 9
If you take a closer look at the intensity and the volume, they are crossing exactly at the two tournaments
Austria and Croatia international. I use those tournaments for checking the development, so if there is a need
of changing the program or putting the focus over different element of the practices to do it and still to have
time for achieving the success for the second peak.
Macro planner

practice time
1. Technical 1 30 working hours per week – 12 30%
2. Physical 2 practices x 2.5 hours 20%
3. Tactical 1 30 %
4. Mental 2 20%
Strength program - Macro 9

For the first time, I am implementing acceleration/deceleration /sprints immediately after the explosive
training, so the strength program and conditioning program are overlapping over some areas, where the
purpose is to develop applied plyomethrical power.

Still developing the short interval and short-short interval training, as continuing to work with acceleration
and the decelerations.
Competition period 2
This is the longest period and it is the same length of all. It is like this because partly I am building up a small
peak immidiatelly after the major peak. I do this because on theory I can’t keep the peak for more then 2
weeks, so I have to break it down and to build it up again, as high as possible. Of course the peak is going to
be very small, but even theoretically it is possible to achieve a higher level, than the period of when the
training load goes down after the major peak.
91
Macro 10
Macro planner
N Elements of practice Priority Training h/week % spend time of

active time
3. Tactical 1 30 %
4. Mental 1 30%
Strength and conditioning program – Macro 10

The strength program is almost the same as the macro 9, but of course it is considered the two tournaments.
Still there are elements of the practices, where after the explosive exercise I use the
sprints/accelerations/decelerations to apply the power to specific quality, mostly trying to move the MAS
point.
Transition phase
Transition period
Macro 11
Macro planner

practice time
3. Tactical 1 25 %
4. Mental 1 25%
The entire phase and macro cycle is planned in specific way. As the intensity and the volume goes down, I am
going to use this phase for building up a specific qualities, which are very hard to be build at any other time.
As core stability, coordination, plyomethric combined with agility skills.
Specific strength program – Macro 11

As mention above, stability, coordination and plyomethric combined with agility. Also I still keep some of the
GPP exercises, as deadlift.
92

Implementation of new types of sprints, accelerations and plyomethrical jumps combined with agility
exercises .
Conclusion for the capacity analysis

Peter Mikkelsen is top elite player in Denmark, as he shown at the International tournaments, that he is also
one of the really good players from Denmark. He showed that he has the abilities to become in top 10 of the
World, as he report as his general purpose and if he succeed to stabilize his performance I believe that he is
able to achieve his goal.
On the following diagram, I’ve calculated the average points from the different areas.
TECHNICAL
PHYSICAL
TACTICAL
MENTAL
Again it is very important to be understood that this method is a method for guidance and understanding
where is the weak link and it has to be evaluated together with the player, so to be achieved a better result
for a shortest time.
In many sports, there is enough data for the first 20 in the world in the 4th areas, which we observed and also
there is developed a method for comparison, so if this method is used it can be understood very easy, what
should be develop in condition to become one of the top 20 in the World.
93
I believe that assignment like this is step closer to achieve a method like this to be available at least here in
Denmark and the World.
References
 Sean Sturgess, MS and National Sport Council of Malaysia, Robert Newton, PhD, of National Sport
Institute and Edith Cowan University Australia, 2007
 The Ottawa Mental Skills Assessment Tool, School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, ON, K1N
6N5, Canada
 Kenneth Larsen - Technical development book
 Uitsalo, Hoffman and Tummavavuori (1998)
 Davison, Smith and Coleman (2000)
 Tyllian, Whalay and Kaminsky (1998)
 Science and Practice of Strength Training – Zatsiorsky, Kraemer – 2006
 Dr. Philip Maffetone, Training for Endurance, (Barmore Productions)
 Minna – 2002
 Kenneth Larsen – Badminton Tactics
 Veleay 2002 (Handbook of Sport Psychology, 2006)
 Gunnar Borg – 1998
 Physical demands of badminton, Bo Omoosgard, 2002
 RPE IS RELATED DIFFERENTLY TO VARIOUS PHYSIOLOGICAL MEASURES
 Tyillian, T. A., Whaley, M. H., & Kaminsky, L. A. (1998). Reliability of regulating treadmill exercise using
ratings of perceived exertion. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 30(5), Supplement
abstract 181.
 RPE VARIES FROM DAY TO DAY FOR THE SAME TASK
 Skemp, K. M., Gaskill, S. E., Sanchez, O. A., & Walker, A. J. (1998). Relationship and reproducibility of
two RPE scales for cross country skiers compared to the Borg RPE Scale. Medicine and Science in
Sports and Exercise, 30(5), Supplement abstract 182.
 RPE MIGHT BE RELATED TO GENERAL RATHER THAN SPECIFIC PERCEPTIONS OF WORK

 Han, S-H., Whaley, M. H., & Kaminsky, L. A. (1998). Influence of inquiry frequency on ratings of
perceived exertion during graded exercise testing. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 30(5),
Supplement abstract 184.
 RPE MORE RELIABLE AT HIGHER EXERCISE INTENSITIES
 Nesser, T. W., Gaskill, S. E., Skemp, K. M., & Walker, A. J. (1998). Variance in the reproducibility of the
Borg RPE during exercise tests with cross country skiers. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise,
30(5), Supplement abstract 185.
 RPE INDEX NOT AS SIMPLE OR USEFUL AS ORIGINALLY THOUGHT
 Snyder, A. C., & Naik, J. (1998). Relationship of HLa:RPE to percent oxygen uptake. Medicine and
Science in Sports and Exercise, 30(5), Supplement abstract 624.
 RPE IS SPECIFIC TO THE EXERCISE AND INTENSITY LEVEL
 Katsanos, C. S., Cheuvront, S. N., & Haymes, E. M. (1999). Physiological responses at given ratings of
perceived exertion: Walking vs cycling. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 31(5),
 RPE DOES NOT REFLECT FATIGUE, ONLY HOW HARD THE INDIVIDUAL WORKED
94
 Pincivero, D. M., Gear, W. S., Moyna, N. M., & Robertson, R. J. (1999). The effects of rest interval on
quadriceps torque and perceived exertion in healthy males. Journal of Sports medicine and Physical
Fitness, 39, 294-299.
 HEART RATES NOT A VALID MEASURE OF ACTIVITY IN CHILDREN
 Dale, D. L., & Corbin, C. (2000). Using accelerometers and hart-rate monitors in elementary physical
education: findings and future challenges. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 32(5),
 HEART RATE FUNCTION RECOVERS SLOWLY AFTER EXHAUSTING COMPETITIONS AND IS
PARTICULARLY INDIVIDUAL
 Hautala, A. J., Tulppo, M. P., Makikallio, T. H., Laukkanen, R., Nissila, S., & Huikuri, H. V. (2000). Heart
rate dynamics before and after long-term maximal exercise. Medicine and Science in Sports and
Exercise, 32(5), Supplement abstract 720.
 RECOVERY HEART RATE RESPONSES DIFFER BETWEEN FORMS OF ENDURANCE EXERCISE
 Uusitalo, A. L., Hoffman, T. A., Tummavuori, E. A., & Rusko, H. K. (1998). Heart rate recovery after
typical endurance exercise session in athletes. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 30(5),
 HEART RATE IS NOT RELATED TO OVERTRAINING IN FEMALE RUNNERS
 Uusitalo, A. L., Uusitalo, A. J., & Rusko, H. K. (1998). Exhaustive endurance training for 6-9 weeks did
not induce changes in intrinsic heart rate and cardiac autonomic modulation in female athletes.
International Journal of Sports Medicine, 19, 532-540.
 HEART RATE NOT GOOD FOR INDICATING PACING
 Davison, R. C., Smith, M. F., Coleman, D. A., Baler, J., & Bird, S. R. (2000). Variability of power output
during 40-km outdoor time-trial cycling performances. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise,
32(5), Supplement abstract 1446.
 OVERTRAINING PRODUCES INDIVIDUAL HEART RATE AND VO2max RESPONSES
 Uusitalo, A. L., Uusitalo, A. J., & Rusko, H. K. (1999). Heart rate and blood pressure variability during
heavy training and overtraining in the female athlete. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 20,
45-53.
 OVERREACHING IS LIKELY TO BE CAUSED BY PERIPHERAL FACTORS
 Hedelin, R., Kentta, G., Wiklund, U., Bjerle, P, & Henriksson-Larsen, K. (2000). Short-term overtraining:
Effects on performance, circulatory responses, and heart rate variability. Medicine and Science in
Sports and Exercise, 32, 1480-1484.
 BADMINTON TRAINING IS HARDER THAN A GAME
 Smith, J. A., & Chang, C-C. (1999). Heart rate and blood lactate responses during training and
competition in elite badminton players. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 31(5),
 All articles can be found at: http://coachsci.sdsu.edu/csa/vol75/table.htm.
 Understanding Heart Rate and Exercises – Stephen Seiler -
http://home.hia.no/~stephens/hrchngs.htm
95
Strength program
96
Conditioning program
97
APP1 - Notational analysis to compare the 21 scoring system to 15 scoring system
98
APP2 - Steininger and Wodick’s sport specific test
99
APP3 – Conconi test
100
APP4 - The Borg CR10 scale, 2004
101
APP5 – VO2max rating and test
102
APP 6- Wingate test rating and test
103
APP 7- Contact ground time – rating
104
APP8 – MAS point rating
105
APP9 – Test for mental awareness
106
APP10 – Test for tactical awareness
107
APP11 – Borg scale 0-20
108

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2009

Before everything I would like to say a BIG THANKS to:

Kim Lynge – for opening his library for me

Stefan Ljutzkanov, all rights reserved ©

Stefan Ljutzkanov, all rights reserved ©

Annual planning ................................................................................................................................. 46

Stefan Ljutzkanov, all rights reserved ©

Stefan Ljutzkanov, all rights reserved ©

Introduction of the analysis

This one is example of what

TACTICAL The rhomboid represents the profile MENTAL TACTICAL MENTAL

Stefan Ljutzkanov, all rights reserved ©

PML jump Forehand smash with

Nutrition before, during

Daily base nutrition Leadership

Contact ground time Team confidence

Stefan Ljutzkanov, all rights reserved ©

Stefan Ljutzkanov, all rights reserved ©

My purpose of making this assignment so complex (and complicated) is to make it as foundation

Stefan Ljutzkanov, all rights reserved ©

Introduction of the player

2009 – Viktor Dutch International – Quarter – Finalist

2009 – Finnish International Championship – Winner

2009 – Croatian International Open - Winner

2008 – Scottish International Championship – Semi – Finalist

2008 – Bit burger Open Grand Prix – Semi – finalist

2007 – Yonex Irish International Championship – Winner

2007 – XX Spanish Open – Winner

2007 – Portuguese International Championship – Winner

Analysis of the goals and the vision of the player

Stefan Ljutzkanov, all rights reserved ©

Here is the general table with its explanation bellow:

Elements of the Importance Coefficient % of Absol Real points Changes to

Elements of the stroke:

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4. Pronation (inwards rotation): inwards rotation used in the stroke.

Stefan Ljutzkanov, all rights reserved ©

Stefan Ljutzkanov, all rights reserved ©

Elements of the Importanc Coefficient of % of influence Points Changes to be

Short forehand service

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Elements of Importance Coefficient % of Points Changes to be

Forehand spin shots (sliced)

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Elements of Importanc Coefficient % of Points Changes to be made

1 Grip handle 1 3 12.5 % 0.13 More to frying pen

Forehand spin shot (reversed)

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Elements of Importance Coefficient % of Points Changes to be

Backhand spin shot (top spun)

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Elements of the Importan Coefficient % of Points Changes to be

Backhand reverse spin shots

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Elements of Importance Coefficient % of Points Changes to be

Forehand pull drop shot with two footed jump(straight)

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Elements of Importance Coefficient % of Points Changes to be

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Backhand pull drop shot (straight)

Elements of Importance Coefficient % of Points Changes to be

Stefan Ljutzkanov, all rights reserved ©

In total: 16 24 0.71 0.29