ARCH 423

PLANNING 03

INTRODUCTION TO URBAN
AND REGIONAL PLANNING
MODULE 1b

Prepared by Ar. John Paul B. Arellano

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TOPICS CODE
TO DISCUSS

✓ Review of last meeting’s discussion

✓ Land Use Planning
✓ Urban Land Use Planning
✓ Definitions
✓ Urban Agglomeration
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LAND USE PLANNING
✓ Land use – an activity performed on a parcel of land,
expressed by category, through color or black and white
hatch pattern.

✓ Land use planning is basically concerned with location and

amount of various land use areas such as residentials,
commercial, religious, cultural and other activities engaged
in by the residents of a city in conduct of their other life.

✓ It takes into consideration the economic, social and

environmental conditions while selecting and adopting best
option for future land use and structure to built upon land.
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Comprehensive Land Use Plan of Metro Manila

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Comprehensive Land Use Plan of Naga City

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Comprehensive Land Use Plan of Naga City

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LAND USE PLANNING
✓ Land use planning aims to make the best use of land
resourced by:

• Assessing present and future needs and matching it

with supply;

• Identifying and resolving conflicts between competing

uses, between the needs of individuals and those of the
community, and between the needs of the present
generation and those of future generations;

• Seeking sustainable options the best meet identified

needs and bring about desired changes;
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LAND USE PLANNING
✓ General Principles

• Location Requirements – identify three major functional

areas in the urban complex:

1. The work areas;

2. The living areas;
3. The leisure-time areas;
4. Distributing them in space as per their locational
attributes.
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URBAN CODE
LAND USE PLANNING
✓ Land use planning should aim at integrated and
comprehensive planning.
• Integrated development of residence, work and
recreation areas.
Folk (Organism)

Work (Function) Place (Environment)

GEDDESIAN TRIANGLE
 “ Rural development, Urban Planning and
City Design are not the same and adopting a
common planning process is disastrous”

- Sir Patrick Geddes

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URBAN CODE
LAND USE PLANNING
✓ Comprehensive Planning
• It is not merely a physical activity but of multi
disciplinary nature covering economic and social aspects
• Integration of old with the new.

✓ Patrick Geddes – the founder of modern town and regional

planning.
✓ The theoretical ideas of Patrick Geddes have influenced
much subsequent planning practice, regional economic
development and environmental management.
✓ In particular his focus on the triad “Place-Work-Folk” is
fundamental to land use planning.
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DEFINITIONS
✓ Accessibility – available means of communicating i.e. roads,
rails, etc.

✓ Base map – map serving as the foundation for subsequent

planning showing all physical features and existing land-
use/built-up area of the area or city.

✓ Density of Population – population divided by the areas

occupied by houses.

✓ Gross density – population divided by the area layout

including roads and open spaces.

✓ Net density – population divided by the plots, excluding

roads and open spaces.
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DEFINITIONS
✓ Recreation Areas – an area designated for recreational
activities – open spaces, play grounds, parks, botanical
gardens, golf course, etc.

✓ Water bodies – river, lakes, ponds, open drains

✓ Ring road – a circular road on all side of the proposed

development or settlement

✓ Bye pass – a road designated to carry heavy vehicular traffic

to operate without entering the built u area of the city.

✓ OD Survey – Origin and Destination Survey conducted to

count vehicles coming from and going to another area or
city.
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DEFINITIONS
✓ Public land– the land vested with the government

✓ Residential Land use– the land category in a development

or layout plan devoted to residential activity which maybe
further sub-divided into zones/clusters by
• Nature (e.g. Primary residential, mixed residential,
informal residential).
• Intensity (e.g. high, medium, or low density)
• Type (plotted or flatted)
• Ownership (individual or group housing)
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DEFINITIONS
✓ Topo-sheet – map prepared by Survey of India for the entire
city, indicating every details, e.g. road, rail, forest, river,
canal, built-up area etc.

✓ Catchment area or drainage basin – area drained by a

stream /river or other body of water (the area and
population from which a facility or region attracts visitors or
customers/clients)
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TOPOSHEET

Topo sheet of India

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AGGLOMERATION (UA)
✓ The out growth of urban areas have also been incorporated
in larger urban areas and are designated as “urban
agglomeration”, which comprise:

• An urban area with continuous urban outgrowth which

is outside the statutory (legal) urban limits but falling
within the boundaries of the adjoining village or
villages;

• Two or more adjoining urban areas with their

outgrowth, so as to form a continuous urban spread;

• Two or more adjoining area without outgrowth, but

which form a continuous urban spread.
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URBAN AGGLOMERATION (UA)

The coupling relationship between urbanization and the eco-environment in urban agglomeration
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TIMELINE

January 10
✓ Written Output (10%)
✓ Lecture on human settlements
✓ Quiz 2 (20%)

January 17
✓ Midterm Exam
✓ Topics under Prelims – 40%
✓ Topics under Midterms – 60%

✓ Orientation to Case Study 1 (20%)

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TO DISCUSS

✓ Basic Concept of Human Settlement

✓ Settlement Patterns and Shapes
✓ Settlement Functions
✓ Short Quiz (20 min)
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BASIC CONCEPT OF
HUMAN SETTLEMENT
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WHAT ISCODE
SETTLEMENT?
✓ It is a place where people live

✓ They vary in terms of their size, composition,

location, arrangement, organization, function, and
history.
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COMPONENTS
✓ Nature – the biosphere and environment that provides the
basic needs.

✓ Man – makes the decision on what to do with the resources

around them.

✓ Society – agglomeration of people that creates an

interaction and relationships governed by social artifacts
such as economic, cultural, political, or spiritual.

✓ Shells – contain human activities and provide protection.

✓ Networks – these are channel through which people,

energy and information flow. (e.g. roads, railways, skyways,
bridges, pipelines, drainage, and telecommunications.)
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KINDS OF HUMAN SETTLEMENT
✓ RURAL SETTLEMENT

✓ The majority of its inhabitants are involved in

activity like farming, fishing, forestry, mining.

✓ The pattern of rural settlement can vary from a

single farm to cluster of houses. (dispersed,
linear and nucleated.)
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CHARACTERISTIC OF RURAL SETTLEMENT
✓ In a form of village, surrounded by farms

✓ Small population

✓ Occupation such as forestry, farming, fishing, mining,

tourism.

✓ Services provided are in limited range and mostly for every

day needs.

✓ Close knit communities and the atmosphere is quiet.

✓ Dominance of community feeling.

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RURAL SETTLEMENT

Rural Settlement: Sagada Village, Mountain Province, Philippines

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KINDS OF HUMAN SETTLEMENT
✓ URBAN SETTLEMENT

✓ The majority of people are engage in non-rural

activity.

✓ They work in office, shops and factories,

operate machinery, provided health care or
other services.

✓ Urban settlement can be small like 1000

peop0le or can be as large as Tokyo-Yokohama
in Japan with over 30 million people.
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CHARACTERISTIC OF URBAN SETTLEMENT
✓ In the form of town and cities.

✓ They are large, both in population and area.

✓ Has function such as business, manufacturing,

government cultural center.

✓ Wide range of services offered including specialized

service.

✓ Unlike rural settlement, neighborhood is separate with

limited knowledge of others.

✓ Traffic and pollution problem.

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URBAN CODE
SETTLEMENT

Urban Settlement: Manila, Philippines

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CLASS CODE IN SERVICES
DIFFERENCES
DIFFERENCES IN SERVICES BETWEEN RURAL AND URBAN
SETTLEMENT

✓ Services listed are those of the highest level likely to be

provided in the different settlements:

Service Rural Settlements Urban Settlements

Health Medical clinic Hospital

Education Primary School University

Shopping General Store, Market Shopping Mall

Moneylender,
Finance International Bank
cooperative

Transport Bus service International Airport

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THE SETTLEMENT HIERARCHY
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ISOLATED DWELLING
✓ An isolated dwelling would only have 1 or 2 buildings or
families in it. It would have negligible services, if any.
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ISOLATED DWELLING
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HAMLETCODE
✓ A hamlet is settlement with a tiny population (<100) and
very few (if any) services, and few buildings.

Batad Rice Terraces, Ifugao Province, Philippines

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VILLAGE
✓ A village generally does not have many services, possibly
only a small corner shop or post office. A village has a
population of 100 to 1000.

Gawad Kalinga Village, Talisay, Negros Occidental

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SMALL TOWN
✓ A town has a population of 1,000 to 20,000.

✓ A town is a type of settlement ranging from a few

to several thousand (occasionally hundreds of
thousands) inhabitants.

✓ Usually, a “town” is thought of larger than a village

but smaller than a “city”
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SMALL TOWN

El Nido, Palawan, Philippines

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LARGE TOWN
✓ A large town has a population of 20,000 to 100,000

Calle Crisologo, Vigan, Ilocos Sur, Philippines

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CITY CODE
✓ A city would have abundant services, but not as
many as a large city. The population of a city is over
1000,000 people.

✓ A city is an urban area with a large population and

a particular administrative, legal, or historical
status.
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CITY CODE

Pagadian City, Zamboanga Del Sur, Philippines

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CONURBATION
✓ A conurbation is an urban area or agglomeration comprising a
number of cities, large towns and larger urban areas that,
through population growth and physical expansion, have
merged to form one continuous urban and industrially
developed area.

✓ A conurbation can be confused with metropolitan area. As the

term is used in North America, a metropolitan area consists of
many neighborhoods, while a conurbation consists of many
different metropolitan areas that are connected with one
another and are usually interdependent economically and
socially.

Agglomeration – cluster, group, mass, collection

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CONURBATION

Puerto Madero on the Rio Plata, Buenos Aires Argentina

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CLASS
SITE CODE
✓ Site refers to the actual piece of ground on which the
settlement is built.

✓ The site of a settlement is its exact location.

Rizal Memorial Sports Complex

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SITE FACTORS
✓ Water supply – a clean supply of water was needed
for drinking, cooking and cleaning. Water could be
taken from a river or well.

✓ Relief – the area needed to be high enough to be

safe from flooding, but low enough to be sheltered
from strong winds.

✓ Defense – a hilltop, or the inside of a river meander,

would provide protection from attackers.
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SITE FACTORS
✓ Transport – a site at a crossroads, on a river or at the
coast gave easier access to other settlements.

✓ Soil – deep fertile soil made it easier to farm crops

and rear animals.

✓ Resources – a source of timber or rock was needed

for building. Wood was needed as a fuel for heat and
cooking.
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SITUATION
✓ Situation or Position refers to the location of the
village or town in relation to surrounding areas.

✓ If a settlement had good access to natural resources,

and to other settlements, it would grow in size. Many
settlements with a good site and situation have
grown into large cities.
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CLASS CODEPATTERNS
SETTLEMENT
✓ When early settlements began to grow there were no
planning regulations.

✓ People built houses where they wanted to. Some houses

were built far apart from each other (dispersed). Other
houses were built close together, making villages.

✓ Some settlements became long and narrow (linear), others

stayed clustered together (nucleated).

✓ Today, people must have permission from the local

authority to build houses. Settlements now grow in a
planned way.
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CLASS CODEPATTERN
SETTLEMENT
4 SETTLEMENT PATTERNS
(1) Nucleated, (2) Dispersed, (3) Linear, (4) Planned

Planned
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DISPERSED SETTLEMENT
✓ A dispersed settlement refers to the scattering of
houses over a large area.

✓ Usually occurs in rural areas.

✓ Dispersed settlements are usually farms.

✓ They are spread out because of the space taken up

by fields. Other dispersed settlements are found in
mountainous areas where it is difficult to live.
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DISPERSED SETTLEMENT

Austria Salzburg State, Salzkammergut

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CLASS
LINEARCODE
SETTLEMENT
✓ A linear settlement pattern refers to the grouping of
houses along a line.

✓ Linear settlements sometimes follow the shape of

the land.

✓ Linear settlements provide good transport and

communication network.

✓ It is easier to build on the floor of a valley than on

the steep sides. Linear settlements also follow
features such as roads, railway lines or rivers.
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CLASS
LINEARCODE
SETTLEMENT

Batheaston, Bath and North East Somerset, England

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CLASS CODESETTLEMENT
NUCLEATED
✓ A nucleated settlement pattern refers to the
grouping of many houses around a center called a
nucleus.

✓ Nucleated settlements are where buildings are

clustered round a central point.

✓ The center of the settlement may be a crossroad, a

church, a water supply, or a market place. Nucleated
settlements also occur on hill tops.
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CLASS CODESETTLEMENT
NUCLEATED

Alston, Paris
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EXPLAIN THERE DIFFERENCES
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PLANNED SETTLEMENT
✓ Planned settlements often have a regular pattern.

✓ They may have a square shape, or a crescent shape

for example. Brasilia, the capital of Brazil, is planned
settlement in the shaped of an airplane.
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PLANNED SETTLEMENT

Aerial View of Brasilia, Brazil

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IDENTIFY
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CLASS CODESHAPES
SETTLEMENT

LINEAR PATTERN CROSS-SHAPED PATTERN STAR-LIKE PATTERN

T-SHAPE PATTERN CIRCULAR PATTERN DOUBLE PATTERN

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CLASS CODEFUNCTIONS
SETTLEMENT
✓ The functions of a settlement are the things that
happen there.

✓ The function of most early settlements was farming.

As settlements grew, the functions increased to
include things such as markets and inns. Today
settlements have many functions, which continue to
change over time.
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CLASS CODE FUNCTION
RESIDENTIAL
✓ The main focus of many settlements today is to give
people places to live. People may live in one
settlement and work in another.

Ferndale Villas, Metro Manila

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ADMINISTRATIVE FUNCTION
✓ Local authority offices run the local services, such as
road maintenance and waste disposal.

Senate of the Philippines

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CLASS CODEFUNCTION
INDUSTRIAL
✓ Goods are manufactured in factories. Today many
factories are located in business parks on the
outskirts of settlements. They are near to the places
where products are to be transported i.e. markets.

Philippine Handicraft Industry Ayala Seafoods Corporation

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CLASS CODE FUNCTION
COMMERCIAL
✓ Shopping centers and recreation facilities, such as
sports centers and cinemas, provide services for
people. Malls and parks nowadays have all these
recreational facilities.

SM Mall of Asia Agora Public Market, Pagadian City

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SERVICES FUNCTION
✓ Settlements contain public services, such as schools,
hospitals, old homes, orphan ages and libraries.

University of the Philippines Zamboanga del Sur Medical Center

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TOURISM FUNCTION
✓ Some settlements are attractive to tourists.

Boracay Beach, Philippines The Mansion, Baguio City