Assignment 1 Basic Science

Biology
Living Organisms

1.1.1. Excretion
 The removal of waste products of metabolism and products which are present in excess
amounts in the body. During excretion carbon dioxide is produced in the cells, and must
be removed during the process of exhalation. Waste products like carbon dioxide and
urea should be excreted, due to the feat that if it accumulates in the body, it can cause
poisoning.

Respiration
 It is the production of energy from glucose in all cells of the body 24/7.

1.1.2.
Dead organisms
 These organisms are no longer live but
it have lived once.
 When it was alive exhibited all the
characteristic of living organisms, as
death can only happen to living thing.
Non-living organisms
 These organisms were never alive.
 Facts is these organisms were never
alive, and never dead too. They never
exhibited the 7 characteristics of living
organisms.

1.1.3. Although we can’t witness their movement, plants do move in a controlled way as only
parts of their bodies carries out the characteristics. Their bases towards sunlight in order
to carry out the process of photosynthesis and the movement that occurs within all plants
cells. Their roots also grow into the soil.

Why scientific
1.2. Many organisms have got local names, which may differ from one place to another around
the world, which results in confusion as people in different places do not know that they are
talking about the same organisms. The binomial/scientific name allows everyone,
anywhere that they find themselves has knowledge on which organisms is being refused for
as this names are used globally and internationally.
1.3. Fungi and plants are not classified in the same kingdom. Even fungi are plant like
organisms, and multicellular as well as eukaryotic they do not contain chloroplast with
chlorophyll meaning they do not carry out photosynthesis. Their cells walls are made of
chitin while plants cells walls are of cellulose. Fungi feed on dead organic material that are
externally digested making them saprotrophic organisms, while plants are heterotrophic
feeders.

Question 2
2.
2.1.
Gymnosperms (non-flowering plant) Angiosperms (flowering plants)
 Exposed seeds  Seeds are protected by ovary
  Do not have flowers or fruits  Produces flowers and fruits
 Evergreen  Seasonal

2.2.
Features Monocots Dicots
Seeds It has only one seed lobe It has two seed lobe
Leaves It’s long, narrow strap shapes Broad leaves
Veins Parallel veins running along the length Has a branching pattern of veins on leaves
Roots Adventitious fibrous roots system Has tap roots system
Flowers Are in multiple of three (3). Are in multiples of fours or fives.

2.3. Viruses possess genetic materials (DNA or RNA) and proteins

 Only possess one characteristic of living organisms.

Question 3
3.
3.1. Abiotic and Biotic factor are the component needed for an essential functioning ecosystem.
Abiotic factors refer to the non-living things in an environment, they are the properties of an
environment and Biotic factors are all the living things or their materials that directly or
indirectly an organism in its environment.

3.2. Endangered, to be endangered refers to when a certain species is in the danger of

becoming extinct, while to be extinct refers to when there to be extinct refer to when there
are no living members of a certain species.
3.3. Decreasing population of certain animals
 Predation increases
 Leads to hunger within an ecosystem as energy levels decreases.

Section B Chemistry
Question 4
4.
4.1.1. Melting
Refers to the change of a solid to a liquid as the temperature increases.

4.1.2. Freezing
Refers to the change that occurs when a liquid changes to a solid as the temperature decreases.

4.2.1. Intensive physical property

4.2.2. Intensive physical property
4.2.3. Extensive physical property
4.2.4. Extensive physical property

4.3.1. Substance
4.3.2. Element an element refers to a pure chemical substance made of the same type of atom.
4.3.3. Compound – is an atom that contains atoms of different elements that are chemically
combined together.

4.4. Solid are tightly packed together in a pattern arrangement. The particles in solid are not free
to move around and solids retain their shape. With gases are composed of particles that are so
loosely packed together, particles are far away from each other’s and are free to move around, so
gases do not have a defined or fixed shaped compared to solid.

4.5. It absorbs heat, because generally the same amount of energy taken in when a substance
melt, is released when the same amount of a substance freezes. Since the phase transition is solid
to gas, energy will be absorbed.

4.6. Salt is a homogeneous mixture

Because the dissolved salt is evenly distributed throughout the entire salt solution.

4.7. Made up of Sodium and Chlorine

Its chemical name is NaCl

4.8Condensation and Evaporation

Question 5

5.
5.1. Measurement is the determination or estimation of ratios of quantities.
5.2.1. oF=(1.8x0C) +32 K= oC+273
= (1.8x63.5) + 32 = -63.5oC+273
o
= -82.3 F = 209.5 oK

5.2.2.
o
C = oF -32 K=337..872

1.8
=148.5oF -32

1.8
o
= 64.7 C

5.3.1. litre (s)

5.3.2. oC
5.3.3. Calorie (Cal)
5.4.1. 2Gm= 1000 000 000m
5.4.2. 2km x 1000 = 2000m

5.5.1. 3.8x105
5.5.2. 3.8x10-5
5.6.1. 6 significant figures
5.6.2. 3 significant figures
5.6.3. 1 significant figure

5.7. Speed = distance

Time
=75km to m
= 75km x 1000
= 75000m
=75000m
=7200s
=10.42m/s

5.8.1. 621.90
5.8.2. 10.3
5.8.3. 414

Section C – Physics
Question 6

6.1. An independent variable that is changed or controlled in an experiment. It stands alone and
is not changed by other reliable while a dependent variable is something that depends on other
variables for change.

6.2.Interval is the difference between your graph values and scale is the basic units you are going
to use

6.3. when you are investigating more than one variable.

6.4.1. 30cm

6.4.2. gradient = 𝑑𝑦
dx
29−10 19
= M= 100−40 = 60 = 0.3166 = 0.32

6.4.3. gradient =
180−30 150
= M= 120−20 = 100 =1.5
6.4.4. ) 1.5-0.32= 1.18 cm
6.5. Yes
Blue shirts = 11
Red shorts = 6

Question 7
7.1. The chemical energy of coal is converted to the electrical power in the coal power plant.
7.2. solar energy
Wind energy

7.3. try to use public transport whenever it is possible and do not use your private car
extensively. Use other made of transport apart from coal.
7.4. hydroelectric energy

Question 8
8.1. Yes, it is correct

1 1 1 1
8.2. + =( + )
𝑅2 𝑅3 50 100

1 1 3
= 1𝑂𝑂 + 50 ) = (100)−1 = 33.3 Ω

1 1 1
8.3. 𝑅𝑇 = 𝑅 + 𝑅1
+
𝑅2
3

1 1 1 −1
=( + + ) = 23.5Ω
50 80 100

8.4. I = V
R
4𝑉
= = 0.174 A
23.5Ω