FINAL Report

VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
“Jnana Sangama”, Belagavi-590018, Karnataka
An Internship Report
on
“PLC AND INDUSTRIAL IoT”
Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the degree for
professional development in innovation for the course
of
ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
For the Academic Year 2023-24

Submitted By
VANISHREE U
4AD21EC093
Under the Guidance of

Ms. MYTHRI R,
Asst. Professor
Department of ECE
13th Kilometer, Mysore – Kanakapura – Bangalore Road,

Mysore – 570 028, Karnataka
Phone: +91-821-25 93 335
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS ANDCOMMUNICATION
ENGINEERING
CERTIFICATE
Certified that the Internship work entitled “PLC AND INDUSTRIAL IoT” carried out by
VANISHREE U [4AD21EC093] students of ATME College of Engineering, Mysuru in partial
fulfilment of the requirements for the award of the degree for professional development in
innovation for the course in Electronics and Communication Engineering, of the Visvesvaraya
Technological University, Belagavi during the year 2022-23. It is certified that all
corrections/suggestionsindicated for Internal Assessment have been incorporated in the Report
deposited in the departmental library. The Internship report has been approved as it satisfies
the academic requirements in respect of Internship work prescribed for the said Degree.
Name & Signature Name & Signature

Guide HOD
Internship Viva-Voce
Name of the Examiners Signature with date

1.
2.
DEPARTMENT VISION AND MISSION
• To develop highly skilled and globally competent professionals in the field of

Electronics and Communication Engineering to meet industrial and social requirements
with ethical responsibility.
MISSION
• To provide State-of-art technical education in Electronics and Communication at

undergraduate and post-graduate levels, to meet the needs of the profession and society
and achieve excellence in teaching- learning and research.
• To develop talented and committed human resource, by providing an opportunity for
innovation, creativity and entrepreneurial leadership with high standards of
professional ethics, transparency and accountability.
• To function collaboratively with technical Institutes/Universities/Industries, offer
opportunities for interaction among faculty-students and promote networking with
alumni, industries and other stake-holders.
Program Specific Outcomes (PSOs)

At the end of Graduation, the student will be able,
• To have the capability to understand and adopt the technological advancements with
the usage of modern tool to analyze and design embedded system or processes for
variety of applications.
• To work effectively in a group as an independent visionary, team member and leader
having the ability to understand the requirement and develop feasible solutions to
emerge as potential core or electronic engineer.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We would like to express our immense gratitude to Dr. A K Murthy, Principal,

ATMECE, Mysuru for his timely help and inspiration during the tenure of the course.
We would like to express our deep gratitude to Dr. L Basavaraj, Professor and Head,
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, ATMECE, Mysuru for his timely
co-operation while carrying the Internship work. His friendliness made us learn more.
We also extend our sincere thanks to the Internship Coordinator Dr. Shalini Hanok
and Ms. Anupama Shetter, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering,
ATMECE, Mysuru who have encouraged us throughout the course.
We would like to express our sincere thanks to the Internship Guides Ms. Mythri R,
Assistant Professor, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, ATMECE,
and External Trainer Mrs. Yashaswini, GTTC, Mysore for their guidance, encouragement and
suggestions that helped us a lot in completion of the internship.
Last but not the least, we express our heartfelt gratitude to Almighty, our parents for
their love and blessings that helped us complete the Internship work successfully.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Chapter No. Title Page No.
Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 About the Company 1
1.2 About the domain Specification and software 2
used
1.3 Objectives of the Internship 13
Chapter 2 TIA Portal Software Environment
2.1 Salient feat1ures of TIA Portal software and 14
Datonis cloud platform
Chapter 3 Tasks performed during the internship
3.1 Steps to be followed to perform the task on 16
PLC
3.2 Steps to be followed to perform the task on 18
IoT
3.3 Task 1 21
3.4 Task 2 24
3.5 Task 3 28
3.6 Task 4 31
3.7 Task 5 33
Chapter 4 REFLECTION NOTES
4.1Application 39
4.2Advantages 40
CONCLUSION 41
REFERENCES 42
PLC AND INDUSTRIAL IOT
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
This chapter brief about the history of the organization, major milestones, overall organization
structure Products and services offered, number of people working in the organization,
operation of different departments and their functions.
1.1 About the Company

GTTC was established in 1972 at Bangalore with the participation of the Karnataka State
Government, in collaboration with the Government of Denmark under the Bilateral
Development Co-operation Agreement. GTTC is an autonomous society, and a recognized
scientific and research organization by the Government of India. Government Tool Room and
Training Centre (GTTC), is serving- industry by way of precision tooling and providing in well
trained craftsmen the area of tool and die making.
Today, the GTTC has acquired mastery in mould and die making technology and have
blossomed into an epitome of precision and quality in the development and manufacture of
sophisticated moulds, dies and tools. Fully aware of the rapid advancement in technology the
world over, the GTTC is periodically adding new technologies to the existing set of advanced
equipment like CAD/CAM, CNC machines for tooling, precision components, laser for
industries, rapid prototyping, vacuum casting etc. [1].
Fig 1.1 Infrastructure of GTTC company
Department of ECE, ATMECE, Mysuru Page 1

GTTC is concentrating on the Integrated Development of the related segments of

industries by way of providing international quality tools, trained personnel and consultancy in
tooling and related areas. In future, the focus would be more on turnkey projects in Tooling,
Aerospace components & their assemblies, and also to support the development of small and
medium scale enterprises.
1.1.1 Vision of the Company

"Engineering Manpower to provide global solutions".
To emerge as an International Centre of Excellence in Training production, R&D and

Consultancy Services related to Manufacturing Technology – from Concept to End Product. To
continuously improve the skills in training, develop innovative process to optimize product
ionization using latest facilities or methodologies, trends, techniques meet all stake holder needs
and be the leader.
1.1.1 Company Product & Services

• CNC programming and job settings
• Auto CAD, Solid works, CATIA, Uni Graphics
• Creo, CAM, Filter
• Tuner, Miller, Grinder, Manufacturing Filters
1.2 About the domain specification and software used
1.2.1 Programmable Logic Controller (PLC)

Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs) are the microprocessor controller devices
situated at the remote sites of the plant or at the field of the process systems. PLCs purpose is
to monitor the process parameters located at the field and adjust the outputs based on the inputs
received by the PLCs. It will operate on any systems which will have input field devices that
are the On-Off type (discrete or digital) or analog input devices. Similarly, it will operate on the
field devices which will be discrete or analog output type.
In simple words, Hence PLC acts as the interface between the input and output devices
at the process side of the industries. It monitors the inputs received from the input devices and
takes necessary output control functions by executing the programs stored in its memory.

PLC is an industrial computer control system that continuously monitors the state of
input devices and makes decision based upon a custom program to control the state of output
devices. These controllers are specially designed to survive in harsh situations and shielded
from heat, cold, dust and moisture etc.
The main hardware components of PLC system are CPU, Memory card, Input/Output
modules, Power supply module, and Programming Device (PC). The program will be written
using different PLC programming languages with the help of PC.
Fig 1.2: Block Diagram of PLC
Main Important Parts of a PLC System are
• Input Module
• Output Module
• Central Processing Unit (CPU)
• Memory
• Power Supply Module
CPU (Central Processing Unit): It is the main part of the PLC. It processes all the instructions
required for the working of the circuit. First, we store the program or instruction in memory. In
the operation time, the CPU takes the commands from the input module and then process and
ultimately gives the output to the output module. The common functions of the CPU in a PLC
system are Program Execution, Data Processing, Communication, Memory Management,

Diagnostics and Fault Handling, Real-Time Control, Timing, Synchronization, Security and
Access Control, etc.
Memory: It is a storage device that stores all data, programs, and instructions. There are
different types of memory in a PLC system such as Program Memory (it stores the PLC's
operating system, firmware, and the user-defined PLC program or logic), Data Memory (it
stores variables, counters, timers, and other data required for the PLC program's execution), I/O
Memory (It is used to exchange data between the PLC and the connected input and output
modules). Some PLC systems offer the ability to expand memory capacity by using external
memory modules or memory cards. These external memory modules provide additional storage
for programs, data, and configuration information. This helps the PLC system to handle larger
and more complex applications.
Programming Device: It is the device where the program or instruction is written and then
using this device the program or instruction is stored in the PLC Memory. The programming
device may be a computer, laptop, etc. PLC programming is performed using specialized
software provided by the PLC manufacturer. The PLC programming software is designed to
run on a computer operating system, such as Windows. The software provides an interface for
creating, editing, and organizing the PLC program, configuring I/O modules, setting
communication parameters, and performing other programming-related tasks. So, you need to
run the software on your computer and it will allow you to create, edit, and transfer the PLC
program to the PLC hardware for execution.
Input and Output Module: The CPU or Microprocessor can work with a 5V DC supply and
it can deliver a very small output current. But the input devices or sensor may not work with
the same voltage that is 5V DC. So, to interface real-world input devices and sensors with the
microprocessor, the input module is used. Here the input module always gives a 5V DC input
signal to the CPU.
Another important point is that the microprocessor can work with only the digital signal
but all the input devices or sensors may not produce a digital signal. In fact, most of the sensors
create an analog signal. So, another important function of the input module is to convert the
analog signal into a digital signal. The Microprocessor or CPU can deliver a very small amount
of current (in a few mA) at 5V DC as output. So, we cannot drive the loads directly with the
microprocessor. Here the output Module solved this problem.

Power Supply: The power supply unit provides the power supply to all devices such as the
CPU, Memory, Input module, and output module. PLC power supplies typically operate within
specific voltage ranges, such as 24V DC, 120V AC, or 240V AC, depending on the system's
design and application. When the PLC uses 24V DC, you need a 24V DC power converter to
operate the PLC.
1.2.2 Applications of PLC
• PLC is used in civil applications such as washing machine, elevators working and
traffic signals control. It is used in aerospace for Water tank quenching system and used
for reducing the human control allocation of a human sequence given to the technical
equipment that is called Automation.
• It is used in a batch process in chemical, cement, food and paper industries are
sequential in nature, requiring time or event-based decisions.
• PLC is used in the burner management system to control the process of purging, pilot
light off, flame safety checks, main burner light off and valve switching for changeover
of fuels.
• It is used in the printing industry for multistage screen washing system and Offset web
press print register control system. It is used in the travel industry for escalator
operation, monitored safety control system.
Fig 1.2 Siemens PLC training kit

1.2.3 Software used: TIA (Totally Integrated Automation)

Siemens TIA Portal is a highly Integrated Engineering framework that allows users to
design, configure, program and commission automation systems. It provides a user-friendly
environment for a variety of Siemens devices and systems including PLCs, HMIs, drives and
other industrial automation equipment.
Fig 1.3 Totally Integrated Automation (TIA) portal
User program with TIA Portal Software

Three programming languages:
• Function Block Diagram (FBD)
• Statement List (STL)
• Ladder Logic (LAD)
Function Block Diagram (FBD): FBD is one of the official and widely used PLC
programming languages, described in the IEC 61131-3 standard. It provides a graphical way to
program functions together in a PLC program. Some key points are
• Graphical Representation: FBD allows you to put functions (written with many lines
of code) into boxes. These boxes represent function blocks.

• Inputs and Outputs: Each function block has one or more inputs and outputs. The
block’s functionality relates to the state of its inputs and outputs.
• Combining Blocks: You can connect the output of one function block to the input of
another, creating a larger program.
• Common Usage: Engineers often use FBD to describe systems graphically, putting
different functions into boxes.
• Function Blocks: Standard function blocks (such as bit logic, bistable, timers, counters,
etc.) are provided in FBD. You can also create custom function blocks for repetitive
tasks.
Statement List (STL): Statement List (STL): STL is another PLC programming language
defined in the IEC 61131-3 standard. Some key points are
• Text-Based: Unlike FBD, STL is a text-based language.

• Instruction List: STL resembles an instruction list, where each line corresponds to a
specific instruction.
• Low-Level Control: It provides fine-grained control over PLC operations.
• Used by Manufacturers: Many PLC manufacturers utilize STL for programming.
Ladder Logic (LAD): Ladder Logic is a visual programming language, and the simplest form
of PLC programming. It is also known as “relay logic”. The relay contacts used in relay-
controlled systems are represented using ladder logic.
The below figure shows a simple example of a ladder diagram.
Fig 1.4 PLC Ladder logic
In the above-mentioned example, two pushbuttons are used to control the same lamp
load. When any one of the switches is closed, the lamp will glow. The two horizontal lines are

called rungs and the two vertical lines are called rails. Every rung forms the electrical
connectivity between the Positive rail (P) and the Negative rail (N). This allows the current to
flow between input and output devices.
1.2.4 Advantages of PLC
• Reliability: PLCs are designed to be rugged and reliable, and they can operate in harsh
industrial environments. They are less likely to fail than other types of control systems,
and they can be programmed to perform a wide range of tasks.
• Flexibility: PLCs can be programmed to perform a wide range of tasks, and they can be
easily reprogrammed to perform new tasks as needed. This makes them very flexible
and adaptable to changing conditions and requirements.
• Ease of use: PLCs are relatively easy to use, especially when compared to other types
of industrial control systems. They can be programmed using a simple, specialized
programming language, and they often come with user-friendly software that makes it
easy to program and troubleshoot them.
• Cost-effectiveness: PLCs are generally more cost-effective than other types of
industrial control systems, especially when the cost of installation, maintenance, and
repair is considered.
1.2.5 Disadvantages of PLC
• Complexity: PLCs can be complex to program and maintain, especially for those who
are not familiar with the specialized programming language that is used to program
them. This can be a barrier to entry for those who want to use PLCs, and it may require
additional training and resources.
• Limited processing power: PLCs are not as powerful as some other types of systems
like DCS, and they may not be able to handle complex tasks or large amounts of data.
• Limited expandability: PLCs are designed for specific tasks and processes, and they
may not be able to be easily expanded or modified to perform new tasks.
• Cost: While PLCs are generally more cost-effective than other types of industrial
control systems, they can still be expensive to purchase and maintain.
• Dependence on programming: PLCs are programmed to perform specific tasks, and
if the program is not written correctly, the PLC may not function properly. This can lead
to errors and downtime, which can be costly for businesses.

1.2.6 IoT (Internet of Things)
IoT stands for Internet of Things. It refers to the interconnectedness of physical devices,
such as appliances and vehicles, that are embedded with software, sensors, and connectivity
which enables these objects to connect and exchange data. This technology allows for the
collection and sharing of data from a vast network of devices, creating opportunities for more
efficient and automated systems. Internet of Things (IoT) is the networking of physical objects
that contain electronics embedded within their architecture in order to communicate and sense
interactions amongst each other or with respect to the external environment. In the upcoming
years, IoT-based technology will offer advanced levels of services and practically change the
way people lead their daily lives. Advancements in medicine, power, gene therapies,
agriculture, smart cities, and smart homes are just a few of the details examples where IoT is
strongly established.
IOT is a system of interrelated things, computing devices, mechanical and digital

machines, objects, animals, or people that are provided with unique identifiers. And the ability
to transfer the data over a network requiring human-to-human or human-to-computer
interaction.
Fig 1.4 Internet of Things (IoT)

Benefits of the IoT
So far, devices could only collect and share information with human interaction. Today, the IoT
enables lower operational costs, increased safety and productivity, and overall improved
customer experience. Here are a few notable pros of the IoT
• Automation: Removing the need to perform mundane tasks like turning the thermostat
on and off or locking doors increases efficiency and quality of life.
• Conservation: Automation makes it easier to manage energy consumption and water
usage without human oversight or error.
• Big data analytics: Information that was previously difficult to collect and analyze can
be tracked effortlessly with the Internet of Things.
Main Components Used in IoT
• Low-power embedded systems: Less battery consumption, high performance are the
inverse factors that play a significant role during the design of electronic systems.
• Sensors: Sensors are the major part of any IoT application. It is a physical device that
measures and detects certain physical quantities and converts it into signal which can be
provided as an input to processing or control unit for analysis purpose. The Different
types of Sensors used are Temperature Sensors, Image Sensors, Gyro Sensors, Obstacle
Sensors, RF Sensor, IR Sensor, MQ-02/05 Gas Sensor, LDR Sensor, Ultrasonic
Distance Sensor.
Ways of Building IOT: There are two ways of building IoT:
• Form a separate internet work including only physical objects.

• Make the Internet ever more expansive, but this requires hard-core technologies such
as rigorous cloud computing and rapid big data storage (expensive).
Working with IoT Devices
• Collect and Transmit Data: For this purpose, sensors are widely used they are used as
per requirements in different application areas.
• Actuate device based on triggers produced by sensors or processing devices: If
certain conditions are satisfied or according to user’s requirements if certain trigger is
activated then which action to perform that is shown by Actuator devices.

• Receive Information: From network devices, users or devices can take certain
information also for their analysis and processing purposes.
• Communication Assistance: Communication assistance is the phenomenon of
communication between 2 networks or communication between 2 or more IoT devices
of same or different networks. This can be achieved by different communication
protocols like: MQTT, Constrained Application Protocol, ZigBee, FTP, HTTP etc.
Characteristics of IoT
• Massively scalable and efficient. IP-based addressing will no longer be suitable in the
upcoming future. An abundance of physical objects is present that do not use IP, so IoT
is made possible.
• Devices typically consume less power. When not in use, they should be automatically
programmed to sleep.
• A device that is connected to another device right now may not be connected in another
instant of time.
• Intermittent connectivity – IoT devices aren’t always connected. In order to save
bandwidth and battery consumption, devices will be powered off periodically when not
in use. Otherwise, connections might turn unreliable and thus prove to be inefficient.
1.2.7 Advantages of IoT
• It can assist in the smarter control of homes and cities via mobile phones. It enhances
security and offers personal protection. By automating activities, it saves us a lot of
time.
• Information is easily accessible, even if we are far away from our actual location, and
it is updated frequently in real time. Electric Devices are directly connected and
communicate with a controller computer, such as a cell phone, resulting in efficient
electricity use. As a result, there will be no unnecessary use of electricity equipment.
• Personal assistance can be provided by IoT apps, which can alert you to your regular
plans.
• It is useful for safety because it senses any potential danger and warns users. For
example, GM OnStar, is an integrated device that system which identifies a car crash
or accident on road. It immediately makes a call if an accident or crash is found. It
minimizes human effort because IoT devices connect and communicate with one
another and perform a variety of tasks without the need for human intervention.

• Patient care can be performed more effectively in real time without the need for a
doctor’s visit. It gives them the ability to make choices as well as provide evidence-
based care.
1.2.8 Disadvantages of IoT
• Hackers may gain access to the system and steal personal information. Since we add so
many devices to the internet, there is a risk that our information as it can be misused.
• They rely heavily on the internet and are unable to function effectively without it.
• With the complexity of systems, there are many ways for them to fail.
• We lose control of our lives—our lives will be fully controlled and reliant on technology.
• Overuse of the Internet and technology makes people unintelligent because they rely on
smart devices instead of doing physical work, causing them to become lazy.
• Unskilled workers are at a high risk of losing their jobs, which could lead to
unemployment. Smart surveillance cameras, robots, smart ironing systems, smart
washing machines, and other facilities are replacing security guards, maids, ironmen, and
dry-cleaning services etc.
• It is very difficult to plan, build, manage, and enable a broad technology to IoT
framework.
• Deploying IoT devices is very costly and time-consuming.
1.2.9 Benefits of tools
The TIA Portal software offers several benefits for industrial automation and engineering
projects, including:
• Integrated environment: TIA Portal provides a centralized platform for engineering
tasks, allowing users to work on PLC programming, HMI design, diagnostics and
visualization in one seamless environment. This integration leads to greater efficiency and
smoother workflow.
• Time savings: The software enables faster project development, commissioning and
maintenance through its comprehensive set of engineering tools and user-friendly
interfaces.
• Reduced engineering complexity: It simplifies engineering tasks by providing a unified
interface and common data management across different automation components.

• Streamlined project management: TIA Portal provides tool for efficient project
organization, device configuration and consistent data management, which leads to
improved project management and collaboration.
1.3 Objectives of the Internship
The objectives of doing an internship on PLC (Programmable Logic Controller) and IoT
can vary depending on the specific goals of the internship program and the needs of the intern
and the organization. However, some common objectives are:
• Hands-on experience: One of the primary objectives of an internship in PLC and IoT is
to provide us with practical, hands-on experience working with industrial automation
systems ant IoT technologies. This can help us to develop technical skills and gain a
deeper understanding of how PLCs and IoT devices are used in real-world applications.
• Application of knowledge: We have gained theoretical knowledge of PLC and IoT
concepts through their academic studies, and the internship provides an opportunity to
apply this knowledge in a practical setting. This can help us to see how these technologies
are used in industry and understand the challenges and best practices for implementation.
• Problem-solving skills: Internships in PLC and IoT can help us to develop problem-
solving skills by allowing them to work on real-world projects, troubleshoot issues with
automation systems, and find innovative solutions to technical problems.
• Networking and professional development: Internships provide an opportunity for us
to network with professionals in the industry, learn from experienced engineers and
developers, and gain insights into potential career paths in the fields of industrial
automation and IoT.
• Project experience: Internships often involve working on specific projects related to
PLC and IoT, allowing us to gain valuable projects management experience, contribute
to the development of new technologies, and see the results of their work in a real-world
context.
• Exposure to industry standards and practices: We can gain exposure to industry-standard
programming languages, communication protocols, and best practices for designing and
implementing PLC and IoT systems. The exposure can help us to understand the requirements
and expectations of the industry.

CHAPTER 2
TOTALLY INTEGRATED AUTOMATION PORTAL

SOFTWARE ENVIRONMENT
This chapter gives the detailed description of company, and about TIA (Totally Integrated
Automation) Portal software environment.
Government Tool Room and Training Centre (GTTC) is working on following domains:
GTTC graduates have underlined their presence around the world in various domains
like Tool and die maker, Tool Designers, CNC programmers and Mechatronics and Electronics
technicians diploma graduates of GTTC due to their excellence in skill are most sought after in
many countries such as Australia, Canada etc.
2.1 Salient Features
2.1.1 TIA Portal
• Integrated engineering: TIA Portal brings together various engineering tasks such as
PLC programming, HMI configuration and drive commissioning into a single, integrated
environment. This helps to streamline the engineering process and improve efficiency.
• Scalability: TIA Portal is scalable and suitable for a wide range of automation
applications, from small machines to complex production lines. It can accommodate the
needs of different industries and project sizes.
• Consistent data management: This software ensures consistent data management

across different components and engineering tasks, facilitating transparency, traceability
and efficient project organization.
• Future-Proof technology: TIA Portal is continuously updated to keep up with the latest
technological advancements and industry trends, ensuring that users have access to the
most advanced automation capabilities.

2.1.2 Datonis cloud platform
• Real-time Data Acquisition: Datonis enables real-time data acquisition from connected
devices, providing instant insights into industrial processes.
• Analytics and Reporting: The platform offers advanced analytics tools to process and
analyze collected data, generating meaningful reports for informed decision-making.
• Connectivity and Integration: Datonis supports seamless integration with a variety of
industrial devices and protocols, ensuring connectivity across the IOT ecosystem.
• Scalable Architecture: It is designed with scalability in mind, accommodating the
growing number of connected devices and adapting to changing business requirements.
• Security: Datonis prioritizes security with features like data encryption, access controls,
and regular updates to protect against potential cyber threats
These features collectively contribute to the efficiency, reliability, and adaptability of both TIA
Portal and Datonis IoT Portal in their respective domains.

CHAPTER 3
TASKS PERFORMED DURING THE INTERNSHIP

This Chapter contains the detailed description of steps to be followed to perform PLC and IoT,
and task on PLC and IoT.
3.1 Steps to be followed to perform the following task on PLC

1. First, install the TIA Portal software on your computer.
2. Once installed, open the Siemens Automation License Manager to transfer the license from
the license stick to your programming machine.
3. After that, start the TIA Portal and create a new project.
4. Give the project a name and click on “Create”.
5. In the next window, to create hardware station, select “configure a device” and then “add
new device” now select the type of PLC that needed to program.
Fig 3.1 Creating a hardware station
6. Now on the device window called project tree select “program blocks” then “main OB1”,
this is done to open a ladder logic program.
7. On the right-hand side, we have “basic instructions”, where we obtain general, bit logic
operations, timer operations, counter operations, comparator operations, math functions,
move operations, conversion operations, program control operations, word logic operations,
and shift and rotate.
8. In bit logic operations we have NC, NO, Assignment switch, Reset and Set output, and so
on.
9. In counter operations we have Up counter, Down counter, and Up down counter.

Fig 3.2 Portal view
10. Implement the logic on the main OB1.Tag the input switches from i0.0 to i0.7 and the output
switches from q0.0 to q0.7. Save the project then compile and download, then load the
program to PLC kit using LAN connection.
Fig 3.3 Loading program to PLC
11. After loading the program to PLC, go online then using monitoring view observe the output
by turning on/off the respective switches for the given conditions.

3.2 Steps to be followed to perform the following task on IoT
1. First, install the TIA Portal software on your computer.

2. Once installed, open the Siemens Automation License Manager to transfer the license from
the license stick to your programming machine.
3. After that, start the TIA Portal and create a new project.
4. Give the project a name and click on “Create”.
5. In the next window, to create hardware station, select “configure a device” and then “add
new device” now select the type of PLC that needed to program.
6. Click on PLC Ethernet address IP address.
Fig 3.4 Set IP address
7. Right click on PLC Security and Protection allow permit access with PUT/GET
communication from remote partner.
Fig 3.5 Allowing permit access

8. Now click on main OB1, then implement the logic.

9. To add data block to the output given right click on add new block properties click
on data block.
Fig 3.6 adding data blocks

10. Save the project then compile and download, then load the program to PLC kit using LAN
connection.
11. By using Datonis cloud we will make the connection where we can operate the logic circuit.
For example: Home automation.
12. In Datonis cloud we have two ports which are
(i) Ethernet protocol and
(ii) Profinet protocol, where we will read and write the tags
Fig 3.7 To read and write the tags

13. In cloud we will add the Thing and Thing template as an input by which cloud will easily
read.
Fig 3.8 Adding Thing template
Fig 3.9 Adding Thing
14. At last, in the cloud, it will show the result in the true (or) false condition and also in graphical, pie
chart representation.

3.3 Task 1: When someone approaches the escalator and turns on pass detection switch 1, the
illumination lamp lit and escalator motor starts to move. When person moves off and turns on
pass detection switch 2, the illumination lamp and escalator motor will be off.
Fig 3.10 Task 1
An escalator is a moving staircase which carries people between floors of a building or

structure. Escalators have the capacity to move large numbers of people. They have no waiting
interval (except during very heavy traffic). A non-functional escalator can function as a normal
staircase, whereas many other methods of transport become useless when they break down or
lose power.
Escalators are often used around the world in places where lifts would be impractical, or
they can be used in conjunction with them. Principal areas of usage include department stores,
shopping malls, airports, transit systems (railway/railroad stations), convention centers, hotels,
arenas, stadiums and public buildings.
3.3.1 Working principle of escalator
The escalator's core components are two chains that rotate around two pairs of gears.
At the top of the escalator, there is an electric motor driving the gear to turn the chain. A typical
escalator uses a 100-horsepower engine to turn gears. Engines and chain systems are installed
in trusses, which refer to metal structures extending between two floors.
Unlike a conveyor belt moving a plane, the chain moves a set of steps. The most
interesting thing about escalators is how they move. When the chain moves, the steps keep level.

At the top and bottom of escalator, steps are folded together to form a platform. This makes the
escalator up and down easier.
Each step on the escalator has two sets of wheels, which move along two separate orbits.
The upper device (the wheel near the top of the step) is connected with the rotating chain and
is pulled by the driving gear located at the top of the escalator. The wheels of other groups only
slide along the track, following the first group of wheels.
The two tracks are separated from each other so that each step can be kept horizontal.
At the top and bottom of the escalator, the track is horizontally positioned to flatten the steps. A
series of grooves are arranged inside each step to connect the front and back steps in the course
of flattening.
Besides rotating the main chain ring, the motor in the escalator can move the handrail.
The handrail is just a rubber conveyor belt that revolves around a series of wheels. The conveyor
belt is precisely configured so that the moving speed of the step is exactly the same and the rider
feels smooth.
Unlike elevators, escalator systems can lift people up dozens of floors, but they are very
suitable for short-distance transportation. This is due to the high load rate of escalators. After
the elevator is full, it must wait for it to reach the designated floor and return to the elevator. On
the escalator, as long as one person reaches the upper level, he will make room for others.
3.3.2 Advantages of Escalator
Moves large crowds quickly: Escalators help in transporting lots of people fast, especially in
busy places like shopping malls or subway stations, making movement more efficient.
Operates continuously: Unlike elevators, escalators don’t have waiting times as they are
always moving, so people can step on and off without delay.
Requires minimal user effort: They are easy to use because they don’t require any special
skills or physical effort; users just stand and are carried to their destination.
Accessible for luggage transport: Escalators make it easier to move heavy bags up and down
floors without carrying them, which is handy in airports and train stations.

3.3.3 Disadvantages of Escalator
High energy consumption: Escalators use more electricity than elevators or stairs, leading to
higher operational costs and a larger carbon footprint.
Potential safety hazards: There’s a risk of accidents, such as trips and falls, especially for
children or those with mobility issues. Clothing or shoelaces can get caught in the steps.
Limited to fixed locations: Escalators can’t be moved once installed; they’re stuck in one spot,
which may not be convenient for all users or building layouts.
Inaccessible during breakdowns: When an escalator stops working, it can’t be used at all,
unlike stairs, causing inconvenience and potential crowding near the stopped escalator.
Fig 3.11 Task on Escalator
NC stands for Normally Closed. NC is the contact of a relay or contactor switch that
remains closed until a certain condition is satisfied. It means that the wire connected to NC
contacts will be normally closed (ON) and current will flow when the relay is De-energized.
But when the relay is energized, the internal circuit of the relay will trigger and that
makes this contact open, and hence current will now stop flowing through this contact. That is
why it is called Normally Closed, because by default NC contact allows the flow of current
unless it is energized.

NO stands for normally open. It remains open and becomes closed once its coil is energized
and remains open until a certain condition is satisfied. NO contacts are used to send feedback
signals, whereas NC contacts are used to send trip commands.
Fig 3.12 NO and NC switch
coils are discrete programming elements, dealing with Boolean (1 and 0; on and off; true
and false) variable states. Each contact in a Ladder Diagram PLC program represents the
reading of a single bit in memory, while each coil represents the writing of a single bit in
memory.
3.3.4 Explanation about the task
Consider a person approaching towards the pass detector 1 of the escalator where it
detects the person entering the first block of the escalator then the lamp glows and starts moving.
When the person reaches the exit point, the pass detector 2 is turned ON and the escalator stop
moving and the person gets off the escalator like this, the process continues.
3.4 Task 2: Controlling the running state of the CNC machine motor by pressing start and
stop.... Checking If the CNC machine motor is running normally by pressing test push button.
CNC stands for computer numerical control and these machines play an important role
in the manufacturing industry. These complex machines are controlled by a computer and
provide a level of efficiency, accuracy and consistency that would be impossible to achieve
through a manual process.
In machining, numerical control, also called computer numerical control (CNC), is the
automated control of tools by means of a computer. It is used to operate tools such as drills,
lathes, mills, grinders, routers and 3D printers. CNC transforms a piece of material (metal,
plastic, wood, ceramic, stone, or composite) into a specified shape by following coded
programmed instructions and without a manual operator directly controlling the machining
operation.

3.4.1 Different Types of CNC Machines
CNC Mills: These are machining centers equipped with computer controls to cut various
materials. They interpret programs containing specific numbers and letters, enabling the spindle
to move to different locations and depths. These versatile machines are commonly used to create
3D prototypes, moulds, cutting dies, printing plates, and precision sights.
CNC Lathes: CNC lathes specialize in cutting metal at high speeds, making rapid and precise
cuts using indexable tools and complex programs. They excel at tasks that manual lathes cannot
handle. Equipped with up to 12 tool holders and coolant pumps, CNC lathes effectively reduce
tool wear and enable efficient metalworking.
Turning Center: Turning centers are remarkable for executing multiple types of lathe-cutting
operations simultaneously on a rotating part, allowing for enhanced efficiency and productivity
in the machining process.
CNC Grinder: CNC grinding machines utilize coated wheels to remove metal and shape parts
with high precision gradually. The incorporation of CNC technology has revolutionized the
grinding process, enabling greater accuracy and control.
CNC Drilling: Ideal for mass production, CNC drilling machines create or enlarge holes in
various materials. Two common types are the bench drill, suitable for drilling holes in raw
materials like wood, plastic, and metal, and the pillar drill, a larger version standing upright on
the floor, capable of drilling bigger holes in larger workpieces.
CNC Boring: The CNC boring process involves enlarging existing holes or internal cylindrical
surfaces. This can be achieved using lathes or specially designed machines like horizontal
boring machines.
Electrical Discharge Machines (EDM): Wire EDM machines employ a thin wire (.0008 to
.012 inches) as an electrode to cut parts. The wire, guided by diamond and carbide, conducts
current and erodes the material with sparks, similar to a band saw, allowing for intricate and
precise cuts.
Laser Cutting Machines: Utilizing an intense, focused beam of laser light, these machines
rapidly heat and vaporize materials, making precise cuts with minimal distortion and without
applying mechanical cutting forces. Laser cutting is widely used for a variety of applications
across different industries.

3.4.2 Working Principle of CNC Machine
The process of CNC machining involves several integral components working

seamlessly in tandem. Initially, the part program is input into the MCU (Machine Control Unit)
of the CNC system. All data processing occurs within the MCU, and based on the prepared
program, it formulates precise motion commands, subsequently transmitting them to the drive
system. The drive system acts upon these motion commands from the MCU, taking charge of
controlling the movement and velocity of the machine tool. Simultaneously, a feedback system
comes into play, diligently recording the position and velocity measurements of the machine
tool and relaying this information back to the MCU via a feedback signal. These feedback
signals are meticulously compared within the MCU with reference signals, and any
discrepancies or errors are promptly corrected. The MCU then dispatches refined signals to the
machine tool, ensuring precise and accurate operations. To facilitate human interaction and
observation, a display unit serves as the machine's "eye," providing a comprehensive view of
commands, programs, and other essential data, thus enhancing the overall operational efficiency
of the CNC system.
3.4.3 Advantages of CNC Machines
Unmatched Accuracy and Precision: CNC machines excel in producing jobs with the highest
level of accuracy and precision, surpassing any manual machine's capabilities.
Continuous Operation: CNC machines can be operated 24 hours a day, enabling efficient and
uninterrupted production schedules.
Consistent Quality: The parts manufactured by CNC machines exhibit consistent accuracy,
eliminating variations in the final products.
Operator Skill Flexibility: Highly skilled operators are not mandatory for operating CNC
machines; even semi-skilled operators can achieve accurate and precise results.
Rapid Production of Complex Designs: CNC machines possess the ability to produce intricate
designs with remarkable accuracy in the shortest possible time.
Virtual Prototyping: Modern design software enables designers to simulate their ideas,
eliminating the need for physical prototypes or models, thereby saving time and resources.
Labour Efficiency: CNC machines require fewer workers to operate, resulting in reduced
labour costs and increased productivity.

3.4.4 Disadvantages of CNC Machine
High Initial Cost: One of the significant drawbacks of CNC machines is their high initial
investment compared to manually operated machines. The initial setup cost can be substantial,
making it challenging for some businesses to afford.
Expensive Parts: The components and parts used in CNC machines can be costly, adding to
the overall expenses for repairs and replacements.
High Maintenance Expenses: CNC machines often require specialized maintenance, and the
cost of servicing and repairs can be relatively high.
Tool Costs Persist: Despite the automation and precision of CNC machines, they do not entirely
eliminate the need for expensive cutting tools and tooling, which can still contribute to overall
production costs.
Fig 3.13 Task on CNC machine motor
In this task 2 we have used latches and memory.
LATCHES: Latches are an important part of PLC programming, they allow you to leave
something in a state of Persistence, even after the initial trigger event has passed. These come
in handy for a whole host of reasons, from interlocking through to status reporting.

MEMORY: A PLC memory unit stores all data such as user programs, I/O memory data,
comment information, and setting information of a CPU module or an advanced function
module in a PLC.
The CNC machine motor is turned ON by pressing the start button. We have used the
test button to check on the motor, when there is any fault in the motor, the error button is turned
ON while the motor is turned OFF. When the test button is pressed, the fault is cleared and the
CNC machine motor starts to run again.
3.5 Task 3: Objects are moving on the conveyor. we need to count the total number of objects
collected at the end of the conveyor & display it on the local control panel.
Fig 3.14 Task 3
3.5.1 Conveyor Belts
A conveyor belt is the carrying medium of a belt conveyor system (often shortened to
belt conveyor). A belt conveyor system is one of many types of conveyor systems. A belt
conveyor system consists of two or more pulleys (sometimes referred to as drums), with a closed
loop of carrying medium—the conveyor belt—that rotates about them. One or both of the
pulleys are powered, moving the belt and the material on the belt forward. The powered pulley
is called the drive pulley while the unpowered pulley is called the idler pulley. There are two
main industrial classes of belt conveyors; Those in general material handling such as those
moving boxes along inside a factory and bulk material handling such as those used to transport
large volumes of resources and agricultural materials, such as grain, salt, coal, ore, sand,
overburden and more.
3.5.2 How Do Conveyor Belts Work?
A conveyor system systematically carries and transports materials, typically in an

industrial or controlled environment. Conveyor belts are a tried-and-true energy saver designed
to increase efficiency. Let’s take a look at how conveyor belts work and why they’ve stood the
test of time. A conveyor belt works by using two motorized pulleys that loop over a long stretch
of thick, durable material. When motors in the pulleys operate at the same speed and spin in the
same direction, the belt moves between the two.
If objects are particularly heavy or bulky - or if the conveyor belt is carrying them for a
long distance or duration - rollers may be placed on the sides of the conveyor belt for support.
3.5.3 Parts of the Conveyor Belt System
The frame: The system’s framework holds all of the moving parts together for safe and secure
operation.
The belt: A long stretch of thick, durable material upon which materials are transported from
one place to another.
The driving unit: Motors may use either variable or constant speed-reduction gears to power
the conveyor belt. An efficient driving unit must continually assist the belt with continuous
running, smooth reversing and repeatedly adjusting direction.
The pulleys: The conveyor belt should loop over two or more strategically positioned pulleys.
The pulley controls the belt’s movement and performs critical functions such as driving,
redirecting, turning, tensioning and tracking the belt.
The clamping straps: Clamping straps are used on various machines to hold down fixtures and
work components.
Add-on modules: Most additional parts are installed for further reinforcement. While rollers
support the belt from within the system, stands and lateral guides support the outer framework.
3.5.4 Uses of Conveyor Belt:
Lightweight and heavyweight belting have a range of uses and applications across
different settings and industries. Whether you need light-duty or heavy-duty belting, conveyor
belt systems are remarkable in their ability to impact efficiency, productivity and labor. A
conveyor system has a wide variety of uses, such as: Quickly and reliably transport a large

amount of material, Stack materials at the end of a transportation line, Streamline the process
to get something from Point A to Point B, Move a product vertically or horizontally with a high
degree of flexibility
3.5.5 Applications
Conveyor systems are at work across many industries, including air travel, mining,
manufacturing, pharmaceuticals, food processing and more.
At an airport, a conveyor belt is the best way to process, sort, load and unload passenger
luggage efficiently. The baggage carousel is a practical use of industrial conveyor belts that
most people encounter in life - luggage is loaded onto the belt in a secure area and then swiftly
delivered to the terminal where the passengers have access. The belt continuously passes
through the loading area and circulates back around to the baggage reclaim area for efficient
delivery.
For the pharmaceutical industry, conveyor belt systems transport cardboard boxes or
palates full of medical supplies before and after packaging and distribution. In manufacturing
and mining, enormous amounts of material are transported through tunnels, along roads and up
steep slopes on conveyor belts. Durable belting material and good use of support rollers are
necessary for conveyor belt systems in these industries.
Fig 3.15: Task on conveyor

In this task 3 we have used up counter in-order to count the collected objects from the conveyor.
3.5.6 COUNTER
In PLCs, counters are used to keep track of events or occurrences in a control system.
They are often employed to monitor the number of cycles, movements, or other discrete actions
in industrial automation. There are generally two types of counters: up counters and down
counters. An up counter increments its count value with each detected event, while a down
counter decrements its count value.
Fig 3.16 Counter
3.5.7 Explaination about the task
When the start button pressed the conveyor gets ON and starts to move,we need to
count the total number of objects collected at the end of the conveyor so, we have used the
sensor to sense the objects,and we have used the counter to count the objects. Then the collected
objectes are displayed on the control panel. We have used stop button in order to stop the move
of the conveyor.
3.6 Task 4: If S1 is ON then M1 & M2 will be ON...if S1 is OFF then M1 will be OFF & M2
will be ON...if S2 is ON then M3 & M4 is ON if S2 is off then M3 is OFF & M4 will be still
ON…. using set instructions
In this task 4 we have used set and reset button in-order to operate this task.
3.6.1 SET/RESET: Set/Reset, also known as latch/unlatch, is used in programmable logic

controllers (PLCs) to control the output status based on specific input conditions. The concept

is used in holding the condition of an output after a momentary input is triggered once, such as
energizing a motor starter or indicator light. In programmable logic controllers (PLCs), Set
(SET) and Reset (RST) instructions are used to control the state of outputs. The SET instruction
activates an output, and the RST instruction deactivates it. These instructions are commonly
employed in ladder logic programming.
For example, if we have an output coil (representing a physical output device like a
motor or a valve) and we want it to turn on when a certain condition is met, we use a SET
instruction. Conversely, if we want to turn off that output under a different condition, we
use RST instruction.
3.6.2 Applications of SET/RESET
Motor Control: SET instruction can be used to start a motor when certain conditions are met.
RESET instruction can be used to stop the motor under specific conditions.
Valve Control: SET instruction might open a valve when a particular sensor reading is reached.
RESET instruction can close the valve based on a different set of conditions.
Conveyor Systems: SET instruction may initiate the movement of a conveyor belt. RESET
instruction can stop the conveyor under specific circumstances
Process Control: SET and RESET instructions can be used to control complex manufacturing
processes, ensuring certain steps are executed in sequence.
Fig 3.17 Task on set instruction

In this task, when the switch 1 (S1) is ON, the output M1 and M2 gets ON, if S1 is
turned OFF then the output M1 will be OFF and M2 will be ON, as we have used the set
instruction in the logic for this operation. Next when the switch2 (S2) is ON, then the output
M3 and M4 gets ON, if switch (S2) is turned OFF then the output M3 will be off and M4 will
be still ON.
3.7 Task 5: To turn on the motor using switch1 & turn off motor using switch2...using datonis
cloud.
An electric motor is an electrical machine that converts electrical energy into mechanical
energy. Most electric motors operate through the interaction between the motor's magnetic field
and electric current in a wire winding to generate force in the form of torque applied on the
motor's shaft. Some common applications include electric fans, pumps, conveyor systems, and
electric vehicles.
Advantages of motors include their efficiency in converting energy, reliability, and

precise control over speed and torque. They are also relatively low-maintenance compared to
other power sources. However, motors also have disadvantages. They may produce heat during
operation, which can affect efficiency. Additionally, some motors can be expensive to
manufacture and may require specialized maintenance. Selecting the right type of motor for a
specific application is crucial to maximize its advantages and mitigate potential drawbacks.
3.7.1 About Datonis Cloud
Datonis IoT platform is a highly scalable, cloud-based IoT platform that allows devices
to securely connect and exchange information in real-time. Manage, control and upgrade your
edge devices from the cloud. Analyze machine data in real-time and set alerts and notifications
to know when faults occur. Datonis also provides real-time analytics engine that supports
complex streaming logic, and a pre-built library of statistical and machine learning algorithms
to predict outcomes. We can integrate your IoT and operations data with your enterprise IT
systems using pre-built adapters or an open REST API.

Fig 3.18 Datonis cloud platform
In the context of IoT (Internet of Things), Datonis Cloud is designed to facilitate the
management and analysis of data generated by connected devices. It enables businesses to
harness the power of IoT by collecting, processing, and interpreting data from various sensors
and devices in real-time. This platform can aid in optimizing industrial processes, enhancing
efficiency, and providing insights for informed decision-making in IoT-enabled environments.
The Datonis platform, able to unlock a wide range of capabilities for managing and
leveraging Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) data. Here are some key things to do:
Device Connectivity and Data Ingestion: Connect your industrial devices, sensors, and
machines securely to the Datonis cloud. Ingest real-time data streams from these devices,
capturing critical information about their performance, status, and health.
Real-Time Monitoring and Visualization: Monitor your connected devices in real time
through intuitive dashboards and visualizations. Gain insights into production processes,
equipment efficiency, and overall operational performance.
Alerts and Notifications: Set up custom alerts based on predefined thresholds or anomalies.
Receive notifications via email, SMS, or other channels when specific conditions are met (e.g.,
temperature exceeds a limit).

Predictive Maintenance: Leverage machine learning and predictive analytics to identify

potential equipment failures before they occur. Optimize maintenance schedules, reduce
downtime, and extend the lifespan of critical assets.
Data Analytics and Reporting: Perform historical data analysis to identify trends, patterns,
and correlations. Generate reports and share insights with stakeholders to drive informed
decision-making.
Integration with Enterprise Systems: Integrate Datonis data with your existing enterprise
systems (such as ERP, MES, or CRM). Ensure seamless data flow across your organization for
better coordination and efficiency.
Edge Computing with Datonis Edge: Deploy Datonis Edge at the network edge to process
data closer to the source. Enhance scalability, reduce latency, and improve overall system
performance.
Custom Application Development: Build custom applications on top of Datonis using its
APIs. Create tailored solutions for specific use cases, such as energy management, quality
control, or supply chain optimization.
Datonis is designed to empower organizations with actionable insights, operational efficiency,

and data-driven decision-making in the realm of industrial IoT.
Datonis IIoT Platform Aims to Prove Ability of Achieving ROI Quickly, as the global
Industrial IoT (IIoT) market is expected to grow to an estimated $751.3 billion by 2023
according to marketwatch.com, the growth in Cloud Computing and the Internet of Things (IoT)
are contributing factors to the increase in deployments and the creation of opportunities to look
at new business models for companies. Many major organizations are looking to implement
IIoT to improve their manufacturing process, increase optimization of operational efficiencies,
enable automation, improve business processes and develop business strategies for future
business growth. Like IoT, the Industrial IoT is comprised of numerous vertical industries,
applications and use cases, while making available an abundance of opportunities for smart
industry and intelligent manufacturing, automation, optimization, industrial control and asset
performance management. With manufacturing being the largest industry in the IIoT market,
most deployments remain focused on operational efficiency and cost.

Datonis allows to build our connected thing, manage and control our things from
Datonis. Set up real-time rules and triggers to let to know when things go wrong, view and
query the data being transmitted by our things, use our role-based access control to invite
additional users and decide who sees what on Datonis. Use the Datonis Application API to
integrate our application with our thing data.
3.7.2 Datonis Edge gateway: Datonis Edge gateway is an advanced package capable of
running on edge with capabilities including store and forward, local aggregations, pluggable
data collection and transmission mechanisms, edge side analytics navigate through the
information about downloading the latest and older builds, installing and setting up he gateway,
configuring upstream connectivity to Datonis IoT platform, configuring downstream
connectivity to machines via adapters like Modbus TCP, OPC UA/DA etc., configuring rules
and notifications against our Things.
Fig 3.19 Task on motor
Here, switch 1(i0.0) is turned ON, to turn ON the motor (q0.0).

Fig 3.20 Output in Datonis Cloud
In datonis cloud, if motor is ON then the activity shows TRUE, if motor is OFF then the activity
shows FALSE. Here the motor is ON. Hence the activity shows TRUE.
Fig 3.21 Output in PLC Kit
Here, the switch 1 (i0.0) is turned ON in-order to turn ON the motor (q0.0) hence the bulb is in
ON state.

Fig 3.22 Logic diagram
Here, according to the given task, the motor should be turned OFF by using the switch 2 (i0.1),
where switch 2 is ON therefore, the motor is turned OFF (q0.0).
Fig 3.23 Output in Datonis Cloud
In Datonis cloud, if motor is ON then the activity shows TRUE, if motor is OFF then the activity
shows FALSE. Here the motor is OFF so. The activity shows FALSE.

Fig 3.24: Output in PLC
Here, when the activity shows false that means the motor (q0.0) is turned OFF using switch 2
(i0.1) by turning ON. Hence, the bulb (q0.0) is in OFF state.

CHAPTER 4
4.1 Application
• PLCs (Programmable Logic Controllers) and IoT (Internet of Things) play crucial roles
in various industries. PLCs are widely used for real-time control of machinery, while IoT
enhances connectivity and data exchange. Together, they bring efficiency and innovation
to industries such as manufacturing, energy, and transportation.
• In manufacturing, PLCs automate processes like assembly lines, ensuring precision and
speed. IoT sensors in conjunction with PLCs enable real-time monitoring of equipment
health, reducing downtime.
• In the energy sector, PLCs manage and control complex systems like power plants. IoT
devices aid in collecting and analyzing data, optimizing energy usage, and improving
overall efficiency.
• In transportation, PLCs control traffic lights, conveyor belts in airports, and automated
guided vehicles in warehouses. IoT enhances logistics through real-time tracking and
monitoring of vehicles and shipments.
• Overall, the integration of PLCs and IoT in industries enhances automation, data-driven
decision-making, and operational efficiency
4.2 Advantages
4.2.1 Advantages of PLC
• Reliability: PLCs offer high reliability in industrial environments, ensuring consistent
and accurate control of processes.
• Flexibility: They are programmable, allowing for easy modifications to adapt to
changes in production requirements without major hardware alterations.
• Speed: PLCs provide fast and real-time control, essential for applications where rapid
response is crucial.
• Cost-Effective: PLCs are cost-effective for controlling complex processes compared
to traditional relay-based systems, reducing overall system costs.
• Modularity: PLCs are modular, making it simple to expand or modify control systems
by adding or removing modules as needed.

4.2.2 Advantages of IoT

• Data Collection: IoT devices enable the collection of vast amounts of data, providing
valuable insights into operations and processes.
• Remote Monitoring: IoT allows remote monitoring of equipment and systems,
enhancing predictive maintenance and reducing downtime.
• Efficiency: Improved efficiency through real-time data analysis, optimizing resource
usage and reducing waste in various industries.
• Interconnectivity: IoT fosters seamless communication and integration between
devices, facilitating a connected ecosystem for better coordination.
• Automation: IoT enables automation of various tasks, leading to increased efficiency
and reduced human intervention in routine operations.

CONCLUSION
In conclusion, the integration of PLCs and IoT has revolutionized industrial processes, offering
a powerful synergy of real-time control and data-driven insights. PLCs provide reliable and
flexible automation, ensuring precise control in dynamic manufacturing environments. On the
other hand, IoT enhances connectivity and data exchange, enabling remote monitoring,
predictive maintenance, and efficient resource utilization. Together, these technologies
contribute to increased operational efficiency, reduced downtime, and improved decision-
making, making them integral components in the evolution of smart and interconnected
industries. As industries continue to embrace digital transformation, the combined strength of
PLCs and IoT stands as a cornerstone for the future of industrial automation and intelligent
systems.

REFERENCES
[1] Government Tool Room & Training Centre https://gttc.kamataka.gov.in/info-1/About-Us/en
[2]https://www.gbctechtraining.com/blog/world-ples-closer-you-think-plc-applications-our-
everyday- lives
[3] https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/advantages-and-disadvantages-of-iot/
[4] https://www.javatpoint.com/to-insert-header-and-footer-in-ms-word
[5] https://www.hcltech.com/knowledge-library/what-are-benefits-iot
[6] Government Tool Room & Training Centre, Mysuru https://g.co/kgs/9wA8id
[7] https://www.datonis.io Materials from GTTC

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VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

“Jnana Sangama”, Belagavi-590018, Karnataka

For the Academic Year 2023-24

Under the Guidance of

13th Kilometer, Mysore – Kanakapura – Bangalore Road,

Name & Signature Name & Signature

Name of the Examiners Signature with date

• To develop highly skilled and globally competent professionals in the field of

• To provide State-of-art technical education in Electronics and Communication at

Program Specific Outcomes (PSOs)

We would like to express our immense gratitude to Dr. A K Murthy, Principal,

1.1 About the Company

Fig 1.1 Infrastructure of GTTC company

Department of ECE, ATMECE, Mysuru Page 1

GTTC is concentrating on the Integrated Development of the related segments of

1.1.1 Vision of the Company

To emerge as an International Centre of Excellence in Training production, R&D and

1.1.1 Company Product & Services

1.2 About the domain specification and software used

1.2.1 Programmable Logic Controller (PLC)

Department of ECE, ATMECE, Mysuru Page 2

Fig 1.2: Block Diagram of PLC

Main Important Parts of a PLC System are

Department of ECE, ATMECE, Mysuru Page 3

Department of ECE, ATMECE, Mysuru Page 4

1.2.2 Applications of PLC

Fig 1.2 Siemens PLC training kit

Department of ECE, ATMECE, Mysuru Page 5

1.2.3 Software used: TIA (Totally Integrated Automation)

Fig 1.3 Totally Integrated Automation (TIA) portal

User program with TIA Portal Software

Department of ECE, ATMECE, Mysuru Page 6

• Text-Based: Unlike FBD, STL is a text-based language.

The below figure shows a simple example of a ladder diagram.

Fig 1.4 PLC Ladder logic

Department of ECE, ATMECE, Mysuru Page 7

1.2.4 Advantages of PLC

1.2.5 Disadvantages of PLC

Department of ECE, ATMECE, Mysuru Page 8

1.2.6 IoT (Internet of Things)

IOT is a system of interrelated things, computing devices, mechanical and digital

Fig 1.4 Internet of Things (IoT)

Department of ECE, ATMECE, Mysuru Page 9

Benefits of the IoT

Main Components Used in IoT

Ways of Building IOT: There are two ways of building IoT:

• Form a separate internet work including only physical objects.

Working with IoT Devices

Department of ECE, ATMECE, Mysuru Page 10

1.2.7 Advantages of IoT

Department of ECE, ATMECE, Mysuru Page 11

1.2.9 Benefits of tools

Department of ECE, ATMECE, Mysuru Page 12

1.3 Objectives of the Internship

Department of ECE, ATMECE, Mysuru Page 13

TOTALLY INTEGRATED AUTOMATION PORTAL

2.1 Salient Features

2.1.1 TIA Portal

• Consistent data management: This software ensures consistent data management

Department of ECE, ATMECE, Mysuru Page 14

2.1.2 Datonis cloud platform

Department of ECE, ATMECE, Mysuru Page 15

TASKS PERFORMED DURING THE INTERNSHIP