260296 E¢.3/CD © IEC INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION SPECIFICATION FOR UNUSED MINERAL INSULATING OILS FOR TRANSFORMERS AND SWITCHGEAR FOREWORD +) The JEG (international Eiototechnical Commission) is 3 workvide organization fot stendorsation Comprising at atonal elctotesieal commytiees (IEC National Cormiace) The objet ct the EC IS" promote international co-oparaten en al quectione conearing tandardization inthe electica! ‘dectronic felgs. To thie end and In edltion to eer active, the IEC pubis Intemational ‘Stancarce "their preparation fe envusiee to technical commfines, any IEC National Commitee Interested nto’ subject dest wh may” palpate ts {overnmental ane nompevernmental organiztene “iaing wih the TG alco paicpate tnt Freperation. The IEC obioborstes closely wih tne Iterations! Organization tor Standardization {SO} in acvordence wth condiions determined by agreement between the two organaions. 2) The formal decieons at agreements ofthe IEC on technical mater {tn intemalonal soveorait of pinion on te fosvant subjects wince {epresenttion from al terested National Commitee. 5) The documents produced nave the form of recomendations for international use ard are published inthe form of landards, tonal spectoations, technical reperts or gues and they are cepted bythe National Gommitees in thet saree 4) Im order to promote iternationa uniteation, \EC Nations! Commitess undertake to appiy Iftersations! Standards taneparerty tothe maxumun etent possile Ine! national en regional andarde” Any dyergence between the IEC Standard and the eorresponding national or regional ‘Sancard shal be cleatyindeated in the later. Tine IEC prowaes no mareng prosecute ta lnicate te approval and cannot be rendered reepensiie {Gr eny eguipmont declared to bei conform wit one fis sandarce. ‘tention i drawn to the possibilty tat some ofthe elemente ofthis Internation! Standarc may De the euojact of patent nghes The TEC hall nol Be held Teeporsble for ertiving eny or al such patent rane Interaational Standard IEC 60296 has been prepared by IEC technical commitee 10: Fluids for clectrotechical applicetions ‘The text of this standard is based on the following documents: 5 6 Fos FOOOFOS Full information on the voting for the approval of this standard can be found in the report on voting indicated in the above table. ‘This publication hae been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 3. The committee has decided that the contents of this publication will remain unchanged until. At this date, the publication will be + reconfirmed; + withdrawn; + replaced by a revised edition, or + amended.260296 Ed.3/CD © IEC INTRODUCTION General Caution, health, safety and environmental protection This International Standard does not purport to address all the safety problems associated with Its use. Itis the responsibilty of the user of the standard to establish appropriate health and safety practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. ‘The mineral insulating oils which are the subject of this standard should be handled with ‘due regard to personal hygiene. Direct contact with the eyes may cause jan, In the case of eye contact itrigation with copious quantities of clean running Water should be carried out and medical advice sought. Some of the tests specified in this standard involve the use of processes that could lead to a hazardous situation. ‘Attention is drawn to the relevant standard for guidance, This standard concerns to mineral insulating lls, chemicals and used sample containers. The dleposal of these items shall be carried out according to the local regulations with regard to the impact on the environment. Every precaution should be ¢ of mineral insulating ol into the environment. ="260296 Ed.3/CD © IEC 4 SPECIFICATION FOR UNUSED MINERAL INSULATING OILS FOR TRANSFORMERS AND SWITCHGEAR 1 Scope This International Standard covers specifications and test methods for unused mineral insulating oils, It applies to oil delivered to the agreed point and time of delivery, intended for use In transformers, switchgear and similar electrical equipment in which til fa fequired ac an ineulant ‘and for heat transfer. These oils are obtained by Gistilation and refining of crude petroleum. Oils with and without additives are both within the scope of this standard. This standard Is applicable only to unused oils. Reclaimed cils are beyond the scope of this standard. This standard does not apply to mineral olis used as impregnants in cables or capacitors. NOTE. Olle complying with the requirements of thie standard, of the same class and containing ne additives {eee 3.4) are considered to be compatible with one another and can be mixed In 1 proportion. The does not appl to ole contalning additives. Where the user wishes to mix Fequlremente of thie standard 2 Normative references ‘The following normative documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this International Standard. ‘For dated references, Subsequent amendments to, or revisions of, any of these publications do not apply. However, parties to agreements based on this International Standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the normative documents indicated below. For undated references, the latest edition of the normative document referred to applies. Members of IEC and ISO maintain registers, fof currently valid international Standards. \EC 60076-2: Power transformers — Part 2: Temperature rise 1EC 60156: Insulating liquids - Determination of the breakdown voltage at power frequency - Test method IEC 60247: Measurement of relative permittivity, dielectric dissipation factor and dc. resistivity of insulating liquids TEC 60422: Supervision and maintenance guide for insulating mineral insulating oils in electrical equipment IEC 60475: Method of sampling liquid dielectrics IEC 60628: Gessing of ineulating liquids under electrcel stress and ionization IEC 60666; Detection and determinetion of specified anti-oxident additives in insulating oils280296 Ed S/CD © IEC a IEC 60814: insuleting liquids - OiLimpregneted paper and pressboard - Determination of water by autometie coulometric Karl Fischer titration 1EC 61125: Unused hydrocarbon based insulating liquids - Test methods for evaluating the oxidation stability IEC 61198: Mineral insulating oils - Methods for the determination of 2-furfurel end related compounds IEC 61619: Insulating liquids — contaminetion by polychlorinated biphenyts (PCBs) — Wcobad of detarninalon by capitery column gee chvomerogrephy 1EC 61620: insulating liquids — Determination of dielectric dissipation factor by measurement of the conductance and capacitance ~ Test method 1EC 61868: Mineral insulating oils ~ Determinstion of kinematic viscosity at very low temperatures IEC 62021: Mineral insulsting oils - Determination of acidity - Part 1: Mineral Insulating ois 150 2710: Petroleum products and tubicents - Determination of ash point — Penshy- 130 9018; Pati prodcts ~ Determination of pour alt faveble n Entch onl 180 3104: Petrofoum products — Transparent and opaque liquids — Determination of ‘Kinematic viscosity and calculation of dynamic viscosity 180 9675: Crude petroteum and liquid petroteum products — Laboratory determination of density - Hydrometer method 180 6295: Petroleum products ~ Mineral oils — Determination of intertecial tension of ‘ll against water - Ring method 350, 12188; Crude parleum and petroleum produts ~ Determination of densty — ‘Oscillating U-tube method | 150 14596: Petroleum products — Determination of suttur content 3. Definitions, For the purpose of this interationsl Standard, the following definitions apply: 3.4 Transformer ol! Insulating oil for transformers and similar electrical equipment where normal oxidation resistance is required,260296 E4.3/CD © IEC 4 3.2 Low temperature switchgear oll il for oll-ftled switchgear for outdoor application in very cold climatic conditions 3.3 Additive Suitable chemical substance which is deliberately added to an insulating oil inorder to Improve certain characteristics NOTE Examples include antioxidante, pour point depressants, electrostatic charging tendency depreesante such ae benzotrazole (BTA), antLfoam agente, refining process improvers, et 3.4 Antioxidant adaitive ‘Additive incorporated in an insulating oll to increase oxidation stability. Note: A large number of antioxidant additives are available, For this standard theee are limited detectable by IEC 60866. 3. Uninhibited ol! Mineralinsulating oil, containing no antioxidant additives, but which may contain other ‘additives es mentioned in chapter 3.4 3.6 Trace-tahibited of Min insulating oil containing up to 0,08% antioxidant aditive. NOTE In some countries, ole containing up to 0,08% antioxidant additive are considered as ‘uninhibited ols 3.7 Inhibited oll Mineral-insulating oil containing minimum 0,08 % and maximum 0,40 % antioxidant additive NOTE In some counties there ie limit of max. 0,20 % antloxidant additives ‘chapter 3.4 martioned in 3.8 Unused insulating oll ‘An insulating oll as delivered by the supplier. ‘Such oil has not been used in, nor been in contact with electrical equipment or other ‘equipment not required for manufacture, storage or transport. The manufacturer and ‘Supplier of unused oil will have taken all reasonable precautions to ensure that there {ig no contamination with Polychlorinated Biphenyls or Terphenyls (PCB, PCT), used , reclaimed or dechlorinated cil or other contaminants. 3.9 Reclaimed oll incutating oi! used in electrical equipment which has been subjected to ‘andlor physical processing to eliminate soluble and insoluble contaminants. NOTE A blend of unused and reclaimed oil in any proportion Feclalmed, be regarded as being260296 E4.3/CD © IEC 4 Properties Characteristics related to table 1 and 2 and clause 7 4.4 Functional properties Propetties of oil which have impact on its function as insulating and cooling fluid NOTE: Functional properties include viscosity, density, pour point, water content, breakdown Voltage and diclectrio dieelpation factor. 4.2 Refining and stabitlty Properties of oi that are influenced by quality and type of refining and additives NOTE: This can include appearance, interfacial tension, sulfur, 2turfual content fur content, acklty, corrosive 4.3 Performance Properties that ate related to the long-term behaviour of oil in service or its reection Under high electric stress and temperature NOTE: Examples include oxidation stability, gassing tendency end electrostatic cherging tendency ECT). 4.4 Health, safety and environment (HSE)-properties il properties related to safe handling and environment protection Note: Examples can include flash peint, density, PCA (polyeycic sromatics), PCB/PCT {polyehiorinated biphenyisiterphenvis), 5 Classification, identification, gene ‘sampling I delivery requirements and Classification Classes For the purpose of this standard insulating olls are classified in two classes: + transformer ols; + low-temperature switchgear oil260296 E4,3/0D © IEC 8 5.4.2 Antioxidant additive (Inhibitor) content Transformer oils are classified in three groups, following to their content of antioxidant additive: Lninnbitedtaneormer ot: naked with U Trace inhibited wareformer ol: marked wih T Inhibited trnstomer ols: marked wih £:1.3 Lowest cold start energizing temperature (LCSET) Ate the inhibitor marking, the LOSET sto be indoated Standard-LCSET of this standard is ~30°C; optionally other LCSET can be selected according to table 1. Example; Transformer il |~40°C, transformer oil T ~30°O, transformer oil U OC 5.1.4 Speottie requirements General requirements of this standard are given in table 2. Specific requirements are defined under clause 7. 6.2. Misclbility Unused ineulating oils of the same class, the same group and the same LCSET are considered to be miscible and compatible with each other (see as well IEC 60422). 5.3 Identification and general delivery requirements 5.3.1. Oil le normally delivered in bulk or rail tank cars and tank containers or packed In drume or IBC (Intermediate Bulk Containers). These shall be clean and Suitable for this purpose to avoid any contamination, 5.3.2. Oli drume and sample containers shall carry at least the following markings: + supplier's designation; + classification = oil quantity 5.3.3 Each oll delivery shall be accompanied by a document from the supplier specifying at least: suppliers designation, oll classification and compliance conifcete, 5.3.4 Sampling ‘Sampling shall be carried out In accordance with the procedure described in IEC 60475.260296 E4.3/CD © EC ES 6 Properties, their significance and test methods Viscosity Viscosity influences the heat transfer and therefore the temperature rise of unit. The lower the viscosity, the botter the oil circulates and therefore improves heat transfer. At low temperatures the resulting higher viscosity of oil s a critical factor for the cold. Start of transformers with ON cooling (no circulation and therefore ‘possible ‘Overheating at the hot spats) and negatively influences the speed of moving parts, Such ‘as in power circuit breakers, switchgear, onload tap changer mechanisms, pumps and regulators. The viscosity at the lowest cold start energizing temperature {LCSET) shall not exceed 1 800 mm/s (resp. 2500 mni"/s at ~40°C, see table 2). This lowest cold start energizing temperature (LCSET) for transformer oils is defined in this ‘standard as being thie is SK lower than indicatod in IEC 60076). Other LCSET (see table 1) can be agreed between supplier and purchaser. Low temperature switchgear oll should have a lower viscosity at LCSET: max. 400 mm/s. Standard LCSET of low temperature switchgear oil is defined with ~ 40°C but ‘other LCSET may be agreed between supplier and purchaser. NOTE: For more detalls concerning ON cooling (natural oll elreuiation without pump) refer to claueee 15 and 16 0f IEC 600762 ‘Table 1 — Maximum viscosity and pour polnt of transformer oll at lowest cold start ‘energizing temperature (LCSET) eset Waximom viecoaiey ‘Maximum pour polat oe 7800 ere 00" 20°C "800 re a0 aoe 1800 mth od ~0re = "7500 male 206 Note: There is no_ lower viecosty limit sot in'this standard, but under certain eonultions ols wih a viscosity lots than 7 mmvfe /40° C can be coneldered to be a potential hazard for aspiration, Viscosity shall be measured according to ISO 3104, viscosity at very low temperatures according to lEC 61868, 6.2 Pour point Pour point of mineral insulating oil is the lowest temperature at which the oil will just flow. it is recommended that the pour point should be minimum 10 K below the Lowest Cold Start Energizing Temperature (LCSET). if a pour point depressant ‘additive fs used, this should be mentioned by the supplier to the user. Pour point shall be measured in accordance with ISO 3016. 6.3 Water content ‘A low water content of mineral insulating oil is necessary to achieve adequate electrical strength and low dissipation losses. To avoid separation of free w: Unused ineulating oll should have @ limited water content. Before filing the electrical equipment the oll should be treated to meet the requirements of IEC 60422. Wher requested by the purchaser, the supplier of oll shall demonstrate that atter treatment to remove eolld particles, humidity and dissolved air by a vacuum procedure (see260296 E4.3/CD © IEC -10- note), the oil shall have a high dielectric strength of minimum 70 KV breakdown voltage. Water content shall be measured in accordance with IEC 60814, NOTE: This laboratory treatment referred to consits of fitration ofthe ol at 60* C by vacuum (proseure below 2.5 kPa) though a sitered glass fiter(porosly 4) 6.4 Breakdown voltage f Breakdown voltage of transformer oil indicates its ability to resist electrical stress in ‘electrical apparatus. Breakdown voltage shall be meaaured in accordance with IEC 80156 6.5 Dielectric dissipation factor (DDF) ODF is a measure for dielectric losses caused by the oil. Increased DDF can indicate contamination of the oll by moisture, particles or soluble polar contaminants or poor Tefining quality. DDF shall be measured in accordance with IEC 60247 or IEC 61620 ‘at 90°C. In case of dispute IEC 60247 at 90°C should be used. Note: By agreement betwoon parties, ODF may be measured at temporatures other than 36°C. ineuch casos the temperature of meacurement shall be stated In he report. 6.6 Appearance ‘A visual inspection of insulating oi (oil sample in tranemitted light under a thickness of ‘approximately 10 cm and at ambient tempersture) indicates the presence of visible ‘contaminants, free water or suspended matter. 67 Acidity Unused mineral insulating oil should be neutral and free from any acidic compound. Acidity should be measured following IEC 62021 6.8 Interfacial tension (IFT) Low IFT sometimes indicates the presence of undesirable contaminants. IFT shell bbe measured in accordance with ISO 6295. ‘Sulfur content Different organo-sulfur compounds are present in transformer oils, dependent on the crude oll origin and the degree and type of refining. Refining treats sulfur and aromatic hydrocarbons. As some sulfur compounds have an affinity to metals, they may act as copper passivators or they may promote corrosion. Sulfur content is to be measured following IP 373 or ISO 14596. 6.40 Corrosive suttur ‘Some sulfur compounds, e.g. mercaptans are very corrosive to metal surfaces, i.e. Steel, copper and silver (ewitehgear contacts) and must not be present in new ol Corrosive sulfur is to be measured following DIN 51353,260296 Ed. /CD © IEC a 6.14 Antioxidant additive content Antioxidant additive (inhibiter) slows down the oxidation of oil and therefore the ‘ormation of oll sludge snd acidity. It is important to know whether and in what proportion inhibitor has been added in order to monitor additive depletion during Service, 2.6-di-tert-buty-p-cresol (DBPC) is the most commonly used antioxidant, but others ere also used. Detection and measurement of defined anti-oxidants shall be determined in accordance with 1EC 60686. The type and quantity of each anti-oxidant present in the oll shall be stated in the quality certificate. If co-stabilizers are used daring the refeing process ther presence shall be agreed between the supplr and the purchaser. 6.12 Oxidation stability ‘Oxidation of oil gives rise to acidity and sludge formation end can be minimized as a result of high oxidation stability leading to longer service life time by minimizing shidge deposition, electrical losses, metal corrosion, electrical faults and maximizing Ingulation life. Oxidation stability is measured in accordance with method © of IEC 61125 C. There is an option for stricter timits for special applications. In some countries more stringent limits andior additional requirements and tests may be requested. 6.13 Gassing Gassing tendency of mineral insulating oll 1.0, the gas absorbing property of an coil Under electrical stress, is only necessary and important for special transformers like HV (High Voltage) transformers and is a measure of the rate of absorption or evolution of hydrogen into oil under prescribed laboratory consitions. Gas absorption Propettics are related to oll aromaticity which is subject to indirect control by the ois oxidation requirements, Gassing tendency is measured by IEC 60628 A. Gassing tendency is a specific requirement 6.14 Electrostatic charging tendency (ECT) ECT of oil is an important property for certain designs of HV and EHV transformers which have oll pumping rates that can give rise to the bulld-up of electrostatic charge. ‘This charge can result in energy discharge causing transformer failure. A method to meacure ECT Is proposed by CIGRE SC12, Technical Brochure {70/2000 (see Bibliography). ECT is a specific requirement 6.48 Flash point The safe operation of electrical equipment requires an adequately high flash point that is measured in accordance with ISO 2719 (Pensky-Martens closed cup procedure). 6 Density Density of oll shall be Iow enough to avoid, in cold climates, that ice resulting from the freezing of free water is floating on the oll surface and possibly leading to fault conditions developing in flashover of conductors. Density shall be measured in ‘accordance with ISO 3675 (reference method) but ISO 12186 as wall is accepted, | i]260296 E4.3/CD © IEC Ae 47 Polycyclic aromatics (PCA) ‘Some PCAs are classified to be carcinogens and therefore need to be controlled to an acceptable level in mineral insulating oll. PCAs are defined so as to be detectable by ‘extraction with OMSO (dimethyiculfoxid) under the conditions of IP 346, 6.18 Polychlorinated biphenyis (PCB) Unused mineral insulating oil shall be free from PCB. The reference method is IEC 61619. The detection limit for a single peak is 0.1 mg/kg. Note: The total mits are given by national regulations. 6.19 2-Furtural and related compounds (2-FAL) Z-FAL and related compounds in unused mineral insulating oils can result or from improper redistilation after solvent extraction during refining or from contamination with used oll Unused insulating oils should have a low level of 2-FAL and related compounds, measurement is to be done according to 1EC 61198,260296 Ed.3/CD © IEC 7 Specific requirements for special applications 7.4. Higher oxidation stability and tow sulphur content For transformers with higher operating temperatures or longer service life, there may ‘exist restricted limits after oxidation test (IEC 61125C).Mostly such oils inhibited (!). + total acidity: maximum 0,3 mg KOH/g; + sludge: maximum 0,05 %; + ppFreorc: maximum 0,050, ‘+ total sulphur content: maximum 0,15 %. NOTE 1: In some countries more stringent limite and/or adetional requirements may be requested, NOTE 2: in some countries DOF of max. 0,020. after 2 hours of oxidation (IEC 61126 C) ie ‘considered ee acceptable for application In EHV instrument transformers and bushings. 7.2 Electrostatic charging tendency (ECT) For OF- of OD-cooled power transformers (IEC 60076-2) with high oil circulation ‘speed. as e.g. HV/DC transformers. A limit may be agreed between purchaser and manufacturer. 7.3 Gassing For special equipment with high electrical field stress. Gassing tendency IEC 60628A: max +5 mm*/min.280206 Ed 3/00 © IEC ‘Table 2— General specifications ‘iris Property ‘Test method Tanstormerot —Lowemparatare 1 Fenton Vacoaty 140° 6 190 3104 Nene 12 co? ax. 3,5 ma? fe Vecoaty 1-30" C* 190 3104 Max 1900 rete Vsconty/-40" ¢* ec 61060 2 ax 400 mate Pour Point * 130 2018 ax 40°C Max 60" Water content rec eoste Max, 30979 40 moto * Bresiciown votage tec 00186 Min 90 KY 170 KV" ensty /20°C 190 9675 0 18042105 Mex. 0,995 ghnt oFR0c Ie 00247 or EC 61620 Max. 0,008 ‘2 mafnimgreapiiny ‘Appearance = (Caaf trom eaciment and suspended matter aaaty vec o2024 2.01 ra KOH, = z Intetalat tension 150 6205 ‘No general requirement.‘ “ota suphur IPs730r180 14508 No generat requrement ‘Corretve eulphut DIsi369 Not corse Antioident active ec 00006 () uninnbited ol not detectable () feoetentated of 0,00 (hamenedene 0,08 0.40% 2-Furural content rec 61198 Max 0,1 moa 3 Performance Ondetion stably? recer125¢ Teta acity ae 1.2 m9 KOH -suage Mae, 0.8 %* oreo tec ene Max. 0,500" Test aureton (U) Urine ot: 104 n 7) Trace tte ot 332 n* {i inntsted ote 500 8 Geesing : ‘No genera quirement “A ant, safety anc emvtronenent (#5) Flash point e028 in, 195° in. 100° Pea, woe ‘Lees tan 3 % OMSO Extract (accoring to abel regulation) Poo. lecers1a Not datectabie (220 to national reguiatons) "Thi ste sianderd LOSET fr traneformer ol (ees 5.1) and can be modified depending onthe climatic ‘oncdtion of each cours. Pour pont should be munimurn 10 K below LOSET. ‘Standard LOSET for tow temperature etn gear oi or bulk supply For delivery in drums. ‘Aer taboratory trestmnt (600 6.3) tm some countries thi ta general requement anda Hit of ml, 40 mht use. * In some counties more stsngent ints andlor ational requiremente may be requested. in some countie with lees demanding requirements tet uration can be reduced to 164 h tn some counties wih lees demanding requirements tet duration can be reduced to 392 foe [Comment Page 4) ‘ove rate conect EC260296 E4.3/CD © IEC 3 Bibliography IEC 60590: Determination of the aromatic hydrocarbon content of new mineral insulating oils DIN 51953: Detection of Corrosive Sulfur - Silver strip. IP 346: Determination of Polycyclic Aromatics in Lubricant Base Oil and ‘Aspheltene free petroleum fractions - Dimethylsulfoxide refractive method IP 373: Determination of the sulfur content of light and middle distilates - Oxidative microcoulometry CIGRE SC12: Statio electrification in power transformers (CIGRE $C12 - Technical Brochure, Product Id 170, Publishing Dete:2000)