CONCLUSION

The objective of this experiment is to determine the molarity of a solution and the percent by mass

of acetic acid in vinegar by titration with the standardized sodium hydroxide solution. The results showed

that, the average molarity of sodium hydroxide and the average percent by mass of acetic acid in vinegar is

0.1070 M and 4.34%, respectively. Thus, the objectives of this experiment have been achieved.

From the experiment, can be concluded as from the par point based on the graphical record, the molarity

of sodium hydrated oxide obtained is 0.1070M. Hence, the molarity is used to calculate the molarity of

acetic acid in vinegar. The molarity of acetic acid in vinegar is 0.1070M. The percentage by mass of the

acetic acid in vinegar is 4.34% with the mass of acetic acid is 0.139g by assuming the density is 1g/mL.
Laboratory questions.

1. Part A.2. A 20-mL volume of previously boiled, deionized water is added to the Erlenmeyer flask

to prepare the sample for titration. Explain why this volume is not critical to the analysis.

The deionized water dilutes the vinegar and the deionized water will make the vinegar

thinner.

2. Part A.2 Previously boiled, deionized water is unavailable. In a hurry to pursue the analysis,

deionized water(not boiled) is added. How does this attempt to expedite the analysis affect the

reported percent acetic acid in vinegar: too high: too low, or unaffected? Explain

The reported percent acetic acid in the vinegar will be unaffected because of using the

deionized water that is not boiled.

3. Part 1.2 and B.1. The 20mL of water added to the Erlenmeyer flask is to be previously boiled,

deionized water. Since water does absorb CO2 from the atmosphere and since CO2 dissolved in

water causes it to be slightly acidic, will the use of deionized water that has not been previously

boiled cause the mass of acetic acid in the vinegar to be calculated as too high or too low?

The mass of the acetic acid in the vinegar will be calculated too high because it will affect the

mass of the acetic acid. Since H2O will serves as additional particles of the volume.

4. Part A.2

A. In determining the percent of the acetic acid in vinegar, the mass of each vinegar sample is

measured rather than the volume. Explain.

The experiment will be more accurate and precise rather than using the values for volume.

B. If the vinegar were measured volumetrically, what additional piece of data would be needed to

complete the calculations for the experiment.

The mass of the vinegar

5. Part A.3. The buret filled with the NaOH titrant and the initial volume reading is immediately

recorded without waiting the recommended 10-15 seconds. However, in Part B.1, the 10-15 seconds
 second time lapse does occur before the reading is made. Does this technique error result in an

increase, a decrease, or have no effect on the reported percent acetic acid in the vinegar? Explain.

The reported percent of the acetic acid in the vinegar will decrease and NaOH initial value

will stopped

6. Part B.1. The end point of the titration is overshot. Does this technique error result in an increase, a

decrease, or have decrease or have no effect on the reported percent acetic acid in the vinegar?

Explain?

The result will change if the result in the increase in the percent of the acetic acid in vinegar

in which the color is dark means and it means the experiment was done wrong

7. Part B.1 The wall of the flask is periodically rinsed with the previously boiled, deionized water

from the wash bottle, does this titrimetric technique result in an increase, decreases or have no effect

in the vinegar? Explain.

It will result to an growth of probability for the acetic acid mixed with vinegar to produce a

light pick color.

8. Part B.1. A drop of NaOH titrant, dispensed from the buret adheres to the wall of the Erlenmeyer

Flask but is not washed into the vinegar with the wash bottle. Does the error in technique result in

the reported of acetic acid being too high, too low, or unaffected?.

It would only affect the final volume in the burret and would decrease the percent of the acetic

acid.