Professional Documents
Culture Documents
• Increase the rate of output through work • If the machine breaks down, it can cause
progress with the best effective and delay of construction work.
efficient methods. • Electric tools can cause short circuit,
• Reduce the overall construction costs which may result in fire.
especially for large contracts. • Only skilled labors can operate the
• Carry out activities which cannot be done equipments.
manually or to do them more • Special assistance is required to operate
economically and much faster. them as it may harm people on the site.
• Eliminate the heavy manual work by • Contractors in small projects create issue
human thus reducing fatigue and over buying or renting of equipments and
eliminates various other hazards and may charge high charges.
health issues.
• Maintain the planned rate of production
where there is a shortage of skilled or
unskilled labor.
• Maintain the high quality standards often
required by present-day design and
specifications (technical standards).
SELECTION OF EQUIPMENTS
• For a building project, the selection of equipment depends upon:
▫ The type, size and other particulars of equipment
▫ Whether the equipment is to be purchased, rented or to be procured under hire-cum-purchase
arrangement.
TYPES OF EQUIPMENTS
• Electric hand tools
• Vibrators
• Pumps
• Compactors
• Rollers
• Concrete mixers
• Hand pumps for ready-mix concrete
• Transportation equipments
ELECTRIC HAND TOOLS
• A power tool is a tool that is actuated by an additional power
source and mechanism other than the solely manual labor used with hand tools.
• Types of power tools-
Saws
Drills
Polishers
Plate Compactors
Concrete Vibrators
Electric Drivers
Ceramic tile Cutter
Jack Hammer
SAW- A saw is a tool consisting of a tough blade, wire,
or chain with a hard toothed edge. It is used to cut through
material, most often wood.
Types of saw:
CHAIN SAW
• Reciprocating Saw
▫ A reciprocating saw is a type of saw in which the cutting action
is achieved through a push and pull reciprocating motion of the
blade.
▫ This type of saw, resembling that of a jigsaw and a handle
oriented to allow the saw to be used comfortably on vertical
surfaces.
• Concrete Saw
▫ A concrete saw (consaw or road saw) is a power tool used for
cutting concrete , masonry , brick ,asphalt , tile, and other solid
materials. It can be a small hand-held cut-off saw, a big walk-
behind saw or other styles, and it may be powered by gasoline,
hydraulic or pneumatic pressure, or electric motors.
▫ The saw blades used on concrete saws are often diamond saw
blades to cut concrete, asphalt, stone, etc.
CONCRETE SAW
• POWER WRENCH
▫ The purpose of a wrench is to turn a bolt head or nut. And
a power wrench is a type of wrench that is powered by other
means than human force. A typical power source is compressed
air. WRENCH
▫ There are two main types of power wrenches - impact wrenches
and air ratchet wrenches or pneumatic ratchet wrenches.
• DRILLS
▫ A drill is a tool used for boring holes in various materials
or fastening various materials together with the use of fasteners.
▫ The attachment is gripped by a chuck at one end of the drill and
rotated while pressed against the target material.
▫ Drills are commonly used in woodworking, metalworking, POWER WRENCH
construction etc.
▫ Types of drills: Pistol-grip (corded) drill; Hammer drill; Rotary
hammer drill; Cordless drills.
NEEDLE VIBRATORS
• External or Shutter Vibrators
• The external vibrators are more often used for pre-casting
of thin in-situ sections of such shape and thickness as can
not be compacted by internal vibrators. SHUTTER VIBRATOR
• Surface vibrators
• Surface vibrators are placed on the concrete mass and are
best used for the compaction of shallow elements. These
should not be used when the depth of the concrete is more
than 250mm
VIBRATING TABLE
PUMPS
A pump is a device that moves fluids (liquids or
gases), or sometimes slurries, by mechanical
action.
1.Concrete Pump
• A concrete pump is a machine used for transferring
liquid concrete by pumping. There are two types
of concrete pumps. The first type of concrete
pump is attached to a truck, other type is piston.
• Usually, piston pumps are used, because they can
produce hundreds of atmospheres of pressure. CONCRETE PUMP
▫ READYMIX CONCRETE PUMP: They are used for
horizontal and vertical transportation of large volumes of
concrete in short duration.
2. Water Pump
• The water pump is a simple centrifugal pump driven
by a belt connected to the crankshaft of the engine.
The water pump uses centrifugal force to send fluid
to the outside while it spins, causing fluid to be
drawn from the center continuously.
PARTS OF DRAGLINE
6.Grab
• Grab consists of a cable or hydraulically
controlled bottom-opening bucket suspended
from a crane or a lifting arm
• Grabs are typically used for the excavation of
pits or trenches and loading to and from
stockpiles.
GRAB
7. Road Lorries
• Road lorries are available in sizes up to 38
ton gross vehicle weight and generally have
steel or steel/ aluminum sheeted bodies.
• Such vehicles require to be loaded by other
plant but are generally unloaded by side or
rear tipping
ROAD LORRIES
7.Dumpers
• Dump trucks or dumpers generally vary in
size from 1 to about 80 tonne capacity.
• They are generally used in mines, quarries or
open cast sites
• They have become popular as they are
versatile and are especially suitable for
hauling on softer sub grades.
• The speed of tipping is increased over a road
lorry by the absence of a tailgate.
• Small dumper units are available for work
on small sites and mounted dump trucks are
also available with load capacities up to
about 20 tonne. DUMPERS
8.CONVEYERS:
• Conveyers are built up with a number of
units of endless flat belt conveyers placed in
series and major changes in direction can be
made at transfer points where material from
one belt falls and is channeled on to next.
• Conveyers are generally used in quarries and
pits in areas of very steep or poor access.
CONVEYER BELT
9.DOZERS:
• Bulldozer is a tractor equipped with affront
pusher blade, which can be raised and
lowered by hydraulic rams.
• An angle dozer has a blade that is capable of
being set at an angle to push material
sideways whist the tractor moves forward. The
tractor unit is usually mounted on crawler
tracks thus allowing it to travel over and push
off a wide variety of ground conditions
although wheel mounted units is available.
• Dozers have a wide variety of roles including
excavating soils and weak rocks, ripping
moving excavated material over short
distances spreading materials, trimming
earthworks and acting as a pusher to boost the DOZER
effective power of scrapers and other plants.
• Wide ranges of crawler units are available
ranging from 45 to 575 kW
CONCLUSION
• With the invent of compacting equipments and construction machinery, a
lot of work can be done in a short span of time with economy.
• Working man hours and quantum of work are increased.
• Good quality of work can be maintained.
• Saving in project completion time and cost of project.
• Easy transportation of material from distant locations.
• Better ride quality of embankment can be achieved.
• Different materials can be blended/mixed to find a suitable material for
earthwork.
• Typical tasks can be performed which are tough for manual labor.
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