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Tugas Reading III

Unit 2 : Context: Some preliminaries

Penggarang : Ann Hewings and Martin Hewings

Context: Some
preliminaries

CONTEXT IS
LANGUAGE AND CONTEXT MULTIFACETED
ARE RELATED

we might in a vague way say

a relationship between language and
the context in which it occurs can be
demonstrated in a number of ways.
that the context for any
utterance (which we take
here to mean either a spoken
or written contribution to an
interaction) is what is going
on around it, or take a
dictionary definition of
context in a more general
sense

1.note that we use

3. even when a CONTEXT IS DYNAMIC
different language
stretch of language is
to achieve similar
taken out of context,
purposesin different
we can sometimes
contexts
infer a great deal
about the context
from which it was
taken.
An alternative view, and one that
has become much more widely
accepted (e.g. Fetzer and Akman
2. the same language can 2002), is that context is dynamic.
have different meanings
in different contexts
1. local linguistic context is
both prior language in a
communication (the writing or
speech that comes before the
utterance in focus) and what
follows it. refer to, such as
here, this, these), pronouns and
certain abstract vocabulary
2. wider linguistic context concerns the
way in which a particular text relates to
other texts, and the way in which our
interpretation of a text is influenced by our
previous experience of other texts.
4. local situational
context may include the
time, thelocation, the age
and gender of participants
and their relative status
3. The term
intertextuality is
often used to refer
to the kind of
knowledge that we context is constantly being
bring to a text from changed by the act of commu-
our experience of nication itself.
other texts, Not only are utterances shaped
particularly other by their context, in that they
texts of the same cannot be properly understood
type. without reference to the
context in which they occur,
but utterances also shape their
context in that they themselves
form part of the context in
which following utterances are
to be understood.
5.wider socio-cultural context
A dynamic approach also
is the broader background assumes that the partici-
against which communication pants use language to
is interpreted, and includes construct social contexts,
social and political aspects of rather than simply
language or national groups as producing language in
a whole, and features of response to contextual
institutional domains. constraints
For example, participants in an
interaction construct the social
identities of themselves and
others in the language they use.