Instructional Design

Model:
What is the ADDIE?
Amanda Eakins
St Thomas University
EDT 610
 Objective
In this presentation, learners will be able:
1. Understand the history of the ADDIE Model of instructional design
2. Recall the five steps of the ADDIE Model
3. Identify the advantages and disadvantages of the ADDIE Model
Overview of the Addie Model
Instructional design can be seen as a process, a discipline, a science and
a reality (Brown & Green, 2016). As such the concept of instructional
design allows for individuals or groups of persons to create information
to assist learners in developing their skillset as it pertains to a particular
topic or area of focus (Brown & Green, 2016). To this end, many models
exist in instructional design to assist designers in developing their
curriculum.
One of the oldest models that currently exist is the ADDIE model of
instructional systems design (ISD). The ADDIE Model developed in the
19t0s for the U.S. Army by Florida State University’s Center for
Educational Technology.
Though Addie is often referenced as a model, scholars in the discipline
regards the concept as the framework for designing any other models.
Hence the reason that most models of instructional design has the five
basic principles of the ADDIE model. The acronym for ADDIE is analyze,
design, develop, implement, and evaluate (Brown & Green, 2016).
 Analysis
According to Spector, Merrill, Elen, & Bishop (2014), the concept of
the analysis leg of the Addie model is to assist the developers in
identifying the potential causes for a performance gap. The common
procedures for identifying those gaps are as follows:
1. Validate the performance gap
2. Determine instructional goals
3. Confirm the intended audience
4. Identify required resources
5. Determine potential delivery systems
6. Compose a project management plan
Design
During the Design phase of the ADDIE model, the concept
focuses on verifying the outcomes and testing methods that
would be applicable for the course (Spector, Merrill, Elen, &
Bishop, 2014). The common procedures for identifying the
outcomes and the testing methods are as follows:
1. Conduct a task inventory
2. Compose performance objectives
3. Generate testing strategies
4. Calculate return on investment
 Development
In the development phase, the developers focuses on validate the
resources that will be utilized in the learning process (Spector,
Merrill, Elen, & Bishop, 2014). The common procedures for
authenticating the learning materials are as follows:
1. Generate Content
2. Select or develop supporting media
3. Develop guidance for the student
4. Develop guidance for the teacher
5. Conduct formative revisions
6. Conduct a pilot test
 Implementation
According to Spector, Merrill, Elen, & Bishop
(2014), the concept of the implementation
phase of the Addie model is for developers to
and educators to prepare an environment that
will be conducive to supporting student
engagement. The common procedures for
completing this task are as follows:

1. Prepare the teacher

2. Prepare the student

Evaluation
The final stage of the ADDIE model is the
evaluation phase. During the evaluation
phase, the focus shifts to assessing the quality
of the product both before and after the
implementation phase has begun (Spector,
Merrill, Elen, & Bishop, 2014). The common
procedures for conducting the evaluation are
as follows:
1. Determine evaluation criteria
2. Select evaluation tools
3. Conduct evaluations
Pros & Cons
PROS CONS

1. Described as the framework for all models 1. Often disregarded as a model and regarded
as a generic
2. Useful tool for measuring the effectiveness
of other models 2. Interpreted as “stifling, passive, lockstep,
and simple” (Spector, Merrill, Elen, &
Bishop, 2014).
3. Time consuming
❖ The ADDIE Model is one of the oldest models of Instructional Design Systems. It was developed in the 1970s for the US Army by Florida
State University’s Center for Educational Technology.

❖ The acronym for the Addie Model stands for Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation.

❖ The five steps in the ADDIE Model informs development during the instructional design process (Spector, Merrill, Elen, & Bishop, 2014).

❖ Useful tool for measuring the effectiveness of other models

❖ Interpreted as “stifling, passive, lockstep, and simple” (Spector, Merrill, Elen, & Bishop, 2014).
Brown, A. H. and Green, T. D. (2016), The essentials of instructional design: Connecting
fundamental principles with process and practice (3rd Ed.) Routledge, NY, NY.
Spector, J. M., Merrill, M. D., Elen, J., & Bishop, M. J. (Eds.). (2014). Handbook of research for
educational communications and technology (4th ed.). London: Routledge/Taylor & Francis
Group.

References