Information Management Following process can be developed to create effective information system

within the organization.

Questions & Answers  Capture Information needed.
Information should be captured by using
1. available resources.
i. Define the word information?
(04 Marks)  Classify the captured information.
Information is processed data. The data that can be made Classification can be taken as following
useful is known as information. Information is basically the data plus the way.
meaning of what the data was collected for. Data does not depend upon  Confidential Information
information but information depends upon data. It cannot be generated  Restricted Information
without the help of data.  Internal Use Information
 Public Information
ii. Explain the words of Data and Information with examples? (08 Marks)  Store the classified information
Data is the raw material that is to be processed for Classified information should be secured
information or for collection of details. It is unorganized data or facts that under conditions that are adequate access by unauthorized
are to be processed. Data is plain fact and it has to be processed for further persons.
information. Data comes in figures, dates and numbers and is not processed. Following methods should be used to store the classified
Examples of Data: information.
 Student Data on Admission Forms: When students get  Security Container Information.(Ex: Safe)
admission in a college. They fill admission form. This form  By using technologies. (Ex: Disk , Pen)
contains raw facts (data of student) like name, father’s  By using database.
name, address of student etc.  By using library service.(Ex:Paper base)
 Data of Citizens: During census, data of all citizens is
collected.  Maintain the Stored Information.
 Survey Data: Different companies collect data by survey to Maintenance refers to the set of activities
know the opinion of people about their product. that aims to prolong the life of a record & relevant data or
 Students Examination data: In examination data about enhance its value or improve access to it.
obtained marks of different subjects for all students is
collected.  Deliver the information needed.
At the right time, information should be
Information is processed data. The data that can be made delivered to the right person through securing methods.
useful is known as information. Information is basically the data plus the After implementing this process, an accurate & effective information
meaning of what the data was collected for. Data does not depend upon system can be taken.
information but information depends upon data. It cannot be generated
without the help of data. iii. Write down the five characteristics of information? (04 Marks)

Examples of Information:  Availability/Accessibility

 Student Address Labels: Stored data of students can be used  Accuracy
to print address labels of students.  Reliability
 Census Report: Census data is used to get  Relevance
report/information about total population of a country and  Completeness
literacy rate etc.  Presentation
 Survey Reports and Results: Survey data is summarized into  Timing
reports/information to present to management of the
 Cost of Information
company.
 Result Cards of Individual Students
 Merit List: After collecting admission forms from candidates,
merit is calculated on the basis of obtained marks of each
candidate.

iii. What are the differences between Data & Information? (08 Marks)

Data
Data are raw numbers.
Example: Ticket sales on a band on tour.
Data by itself alone is not significant.
Data is the input language for a computer.
Data is unprocessed facts or mere figures.
Data does not depend on information.
Data is not specific to generate meaning.
Information
Information is data that has been converted into
a meaningful and useful context. 3. i. What are the roles of Market Research? (06 Marks)
Example: Sales report by region and place – tells Market Research can be viewed as fulfilling three functional
us which place is most profitable. roles such as descriptive, diagnostic & predictive.
Information is significant by itself.
Information is the output language for human.  Descriptive Function
Information is processed data which has been It includes gathering & presenting
made sense of. statements of facts.
Information depends on data and without it,
information cannot be processed.  Diagnostic Function
Information is specific enough to generate It is where data or actions of a particular
meaning. target market are explained.

 Predictive Function
2. i. What are the key importances of information?
With predictive function, organization can
(04 Marks)
get advantage of opportunities as they arise in the ever
 For designing the projects. changing market place.
 For managing the operations.
 For financial activities.
 Business Planning. A good market research study helps the association balance
 To make decisions. these three areas to provide the highest quality & most useful information
 To be alert with the clients. for decision making.
 Technological Matters.
 Social and Clients needs.
ii. Describes information needed for a civil engineering organization?
(04 Marks)
ii. You are assigned to develop an accurate & effective information system
in your organization by your director. Explain how would you attend to
Any organization has to achieve their goals which are defined
this task? (12 Marks)
earlier. Same situation occurs in a civil engineering organization. As they
have to accomplish their task with supporting both parties namely managers
To get an accurate & effective information system, I have to manage the
& subordinates. Therefore everybody should be a well informed person. All
information within the organization.
these things can be successfully done by having accurate information with
Information management is an emerging field that is application of
them. This information can be taken from following way.
management techniques to collect information, communicate it within and
 Human Created Information
outside the organization, and process it to enable managers to make quicker
The human created information that we can
and better decisions.
deal with every day—text documents, emails, social media
posts, etc.
  Application Created Information
Application Created Information is iv. Write short notes on
a computer program designed to perform group of (10 Marks)
coordinated functions, tasks, or activities for the benefit of  Expression of Interest
the user. Examples of an application include a word  Terms of Reference
processor, a spreadsheet, an accounting application, a web  Memorandum of Understanding
browser, a media player, a console game or a photo editor.  BOI Companies

iii. Explain that how to make a Research in the organization? (10 Marks) Please refer the notes.

You have to explain stages of research process. 6. What are the advantages and disadvantages of following data gathering techniques?
 Observation
 Questionnaires
 Interviews
4. i. Explain the word of professional practice in terms of civil engineering?
(08 Marks)
Observation
Generally professional practice is where student is required Advantages Disadvantages
to expand knowledge & skills within a practical environment. Access to situation and people where Can be viewed as too subjective.
Civil engineers need a range of skills to support their practice questionnaires and interviews are
from understanding health & safety, the ability to lead teams, to the ability impossible or are inappropriate to use.
to understand detailed contracts. Access to people in real life situations. Time Consuming.
Our professional practice area contains a range of resources Good for explaining meaning and context. Depends on the role of researcher.
relating to, Require highly skilled observer with both
 Ethics in Engineering process content knowledge.
 Health & Safety
 Law & Contracts
Questionnaires
 Leadership & Management
Advantage Disadvantage
Inexpensive. Limited Response
ii. Discuss the differences between Leadership & Management? (08 Marks)
Can collect data from large no of Lack of personal contacts
persons.
There is an essential difference between leadership &
Data easily summarized & reported. Poor Response
management which can be identified as follows.
Simple to administer Unreliability
 Leadership is setting a new directions or
vision for a group that they follow.
Interviews
 Management controls or directs
Advantage Disadvantage
people/resources in a group according to
Can obtain detailed information about Time Consuming
principles or values that have been
established. personal feelings, perceptions and

According to the Peter Drucker, opinions

 Leadership is doing the right things. Can ask more detailed questions Difficult to analyze

 Management is doing things right. Can achieve a high response rate Can be costly

Respondents' own words are recorded Need skilled interviewers

Leadership Management Ambiguities can be clarified and Difficult to schedule
People oriented. Task oriented. incomplete answers followed up
Leading people. Managing work.
Achievements. Results.
Risk taking Risk Adverse
Facilitative Involved
Leaders have followers. Managers have subordinates.
Appeal to Heart Appeal to Head.

iii. What are the main features of Sole Proprietorship?

(04 Marks)

 One man ownership

 No separate Business Entity
 No separation between ownership & management
 Unlimited Liability
 All profits or losses to the proprietor
 Less formalities

5. i. What are the dissolution methods of partnership?

(04 Marks)

 Dissolution of partnership
Changing of the partners,
partnership can be taken
this section of the
dissolution.
 Dissolution of firm
Dissolution of a firm means
discontinuance of its
activities.

ii. Explain the term of Public quoted company?

(04 Marks)

These companies are registered in the CSE & they can issue
the prospectus to public at large. Minimum one shareholder & shares can be
issued as Initial public offering & Subsequent public offering.

iii. What are the similarities of co-operatives and companies?

(02 Marks)

 Limited Liability
 Unlimited Life time
 Legal entity