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8 Fisioloi Biji
8 Fisioloi Biji
Abstrak
Seed dormancy can be caused, among others, by the impermeability of seed coat
to water and gas (oxygen), embryos that have not fully grown, mechanical barriers to
seed skin to embryo growth, the formation of growth regulators or due to imbalances
between growth inhibitors and regulating substances inside embryo. From the seed
dormancy type above, sugar palm is included in the category of physical and chemical
dormancy. The duration of dormancy in palm seeds is caused by several factors including
the physical condition of the sugar palm seeds which are hard on the skin and endosperm.
The seeds are embryos, food reserves, and seed protectors. The embryo is a new plant
that occurs from the union of male and female gametes in a process of fertilization.
Perfectly developed embryos will have the following structures: epicotyl (prospective
shoots), hypokotil (prospective roots) and cotyledons (prospective leaves). Food reserves,
in seeds there are several structures that can function as a food storage reserve network,
namely: cotyledons, legumes, endosperm and perisperm. Dormancy in seeds can last for
several days, a season, even for several years depending on the type of plant and the type
of dormancy. Growth will not occur as long as the seed has not yet passed its dormant
period, or before it is subjected to a special treatment for the seed. Dormancy can be seen
as one of the biological advantages of seeds in adapting plant growth cycles to their
environmental conditions, both seasons and coincidental variations. So that in a way,
indirectly the seeds can avoid themselves from the destruction of nature. Dormancy in
seeds can be caused by physical conditions of the seed coat, physiological state of the
embryo or a combination of the two conditions. Breaking dormancy needs to be done to
accelerate germination can be done physically and chemically. The method that is often
used in breaking seed dormancy is by opening, soaking hot water, and scarifying using
acid solution. One of the acid solutions used is sulfuric acid (H2SO4). H2SO4
compounds can soften the wax layer on hard seed skin, so the seeds are more permeable
to water. One phase of dormancy is a trigger, which is when the seed (in this case the
rhizome) is sensitive to environmental cues. In this phase the inhibiting factors and
drivers of growth are in a balanced state. Hormones are one of the driving agents for
germination agents whose mechanism is largely determined by the type of hormone and
concentration used.