Alallelopathic activity on cassia tora (Senna tora) leaves extract on

germination and seedling growth og mongo (Vigna radiata)

Manuel Benecio A. Aznar

Julie Anne Villaluz

Mikael Anselm S. Delos Reyes

Jubby King Jaban

Jessa A. Malaya

Rachel Ruth Barrientos

Avrielle James Raut

 INTRODUCTION

Growth interactions between weed and crops have made great

impact on the agricultural system globally and nationally. It is commonly

known that farmers use herbicides and pesticides to control weeds from

destroying their plant which has also caused major causes of

environmental damages, public health, leading to environmental pollution,

product insecurity, and human health hazards. Cassia tora (Senna tora)

leaves extract on the other hand, produces allelopathic agents that

influence the germination, growth and survival of other organisms which

can cause biological suppression on weeds and crops.

Damalas and Kotrubas (2016) stated that pesticide exposure can

cause a variety of toxic effects, from modest skin irritation or other allergy

symptoms to more serious ones like a severe headache, vertigo, or

nausea. Some pesticides, such as the organophosphates, for example,

have the potential to result in severe symptoms like convulsions, comas,

and even death. Kegley et. al (2022) added that pesticide usage has been

linked to several human health problems, including diabetes, reproductive

disorders, neurological dysfunction, cancer, and respiratory disorders.

 Lu (2022) concluded that, regarding its safety for both people

and the environment, pesticide use in the Philippines continues to create a

number of problems and that farmers lack sufficient information about how

pesticides should be used and disposed of. Less than 1% of all pesticides

used for weed and pest control actually reach the intended pests. Spray

drift, off-target deposition, run-off, and photodegradation are a few ways

that a lot of pesticides are lost, and they can have negative effects on

specific species, communities, or ecosystems as a whole, as well as on

people (Bernandes et al.,2015).

Perez et al. (2015) stated that the most common complaints

among farmers in Mindanao after spraying sessions of herbicide were skin

irritation, headache, cough, dry throat, shortness of breath, dizziness,

nausea and eye irritation which were manifestations of mild pyrethroid and

organophosphate poisonings.

The present study aims the urgent evaluation of the allelopathic

activity of cassia tora (Senna tora) leaves extracts by using monggo (Vigna

radiata) as a basis of its usefulness in inhibiting plants by observing the

germination and seedling growth of monggo seeds.

 Statement of the Problem

The main purpose of our study is to determine whether the cassia

tora plant be able to hinder or stop the process of the mongo seed

germination and seedling growth.

It specifically answers the following questions:

Is there any significant difference in effect of water concentration and

senna tora leaves extract concentration on vigna radiata germination and

seedling growth?

What effect resulted after the experimentation? Did the cassia tora leaves

extract successfully

A. Inhibit?

B. Increase?

If successfully inhibited, what is the accurate time of the allelophatic effect

of cassia tora leaves extract hindered the process of monggo seed

A. germination

B. seedling growth
 METHODOLOGY

The conductment of the study is to be held at one of the

researchers house. Where It is going to be held indoor since many

complications may appear such like rain,storm ,strong winds and many

unwanted scenario that could destroy the process of experimentation if

observed outside. The exact planned placement of the container will be an

open room with lots of windows to be placed at a corner where it is secured

and protected from possible hindrance. The humidity and temperature may

change depends on the weather, where the room is usually hot during

sunny days and cold on cold days.

In this study, the researchers will use an experimental research

design. We will test the effectiveness of Cassia tora leaves extract towards

seedling growth and germination of monggo. The best technique to

determine the influence of a factor or independent variable on a dependent

variable is to use an experimental research design. Our study aims to

determine whether there is an effect of the studied variable.

The equipment and materials to be used on this includes the

following; cassia tora leaves, mongo seeds, cotton or tissue, pot and water,

electric cooker, stirrer, disposable see through containers.

 The process to conducting this experiment starts with the

preparation of the materials needed. After the materials are prepared,

proceed to use the electric cooker and heat up the pot with water and wait

till the water starts to seethe, once it boils the cassia tora (Senna tora)

leaves are to be added into the boiling pot, to be simmered for about 5-

10minutes or wait till the water absorbs all the cassia tora extracts, thus

after simmering strain and separate the leaves and water extract of cassia

tora and transfer into a container. Let the cassia tora (Senna tora) leaves

extract cool down and then start with the experiment and observation. We

will use the control and experimental group setup to observe the

germination and seedling growth of monggo seeds.

Each container should contain and aquire equal amount of monggo

seeds, room, space, temperature and amount of liquid. Since the study

aims to determine whether cassia tora(Senna tora) can inhibit or affect the

germination and seedling growth of monggo seeds. The control and

experimental are one of the setup to solve this problem. The germination

and growth of monggo process to identifying the effect of different liquid

(water)(cassia tora)by separating equally the monggo seed on two

container identified as control group(with sunlight and without sunlight) and

experimental group (with sunlight,without sunlight)where monggo seed in

control group receives water while the group of monggo seeds in

experimental receives cassia tora leaves extract, both will be observe in 10

days of time and identify the different effect of experimental to the control

group, the main basis of the comparison of two experiment Is the step by

step of germination of plant and seed growth of a plant.

PROCESS CONTROL GROUP EXPERIMENTAL

GROUP
1. IMBIBITION
2. RESPIRATION
3. EFFECT OF LIGHT
ON SEED
GERMINATION
4. MOBILIZATION OF
RESERVES
DURING SEED
GERMINATION
AND ROLE OF
GROWTH
REGULATORS
5. DEVELOPMENT
OF EMBRYO AXIS
INTO SEEDLING
GERMINATION

Plant germination starts with imbibition known as the absorption of water by

the seed it should swell and rupture the seed coat and enables the primary

root to come out,next is the respiration in which the water causes

resumption of the metabolic activity of the seed,then the effect of light on

seed ,the response of the seed on light given thus mobilization of reserves

during seed Germination and role of growth regulators lastly the

development of the embryo axis into seedling.

SEED GROWTH

PROCESS CONTROL GROUP EXPERIMENTAL

GROUP

1. Sprout

2. Seedling

3. Vegetative

4. Budding

5. Flowering

6. Ripening

Seed sprouts when it consumes nutrients they need to

germinate .The seedling of plant develop when it is balanced in nutrients.

Vegetative the growing stalks and foliage. Budding is the transformation of

the seed to leaves forming buds. Flowering, fruits have occur. Lastly the

ripening of the plant in which fruit and flowers are fully developed. The
researchers will follow the following tables as basis of the outcome of the

experiment.

Risk and Safety

The extraction of cassia tora involves hot water and boiling in which

small accidents are not deniable to happen. Researchers will use electric

cooker due to the fact that It is easy and accessable, in using electric

cooker the researcher may cause mistake in plugging and unplugging the

wire causing electric shock to itself. The possible risk in conducting our

study includes the first degree burn that causes pain, swelling and

blistering thus it also includes electric shock that may cause light and

serious effect of the researcher. Although cassia tora is an herbal plant with

many good benefits for the body ,the researcher should be wary of the

unknown chemicals it may bring harm to all any parts of the body and

health.

For the safety of the researchers in conducting this experiment they

should make use of cooking heat resistant mitten and full cooking attire is

needed. The researchers should Wear Mask, gloves, googles and gowns

for extra precautions for the unknown and harm it may cause .Goggles

possibly help you to avoid against dangerous fluid, chemical or substance

splash and vapor, Mask are used to protect the mouth and nose against

inhilation of contagious or dangerous chemicals ,Gloves- shield against

chemical burn, minimize possibility of injury,it can also prevent

contamination. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) minimize exposure of

skin against chemical hazzard ang physical harm.

Data analysis

The researchers are to compare results of the gathered data during 10 day

observation between control and experimental group setup to the proper

step by step process of plant germination and seedling growth outcome for

the final analysis of the experiment.

GERMINATION

CONTROL GROUP MEASUREMENT OF TIME (DAYS)

GROWTH
With sunlight

Without sunlight

Experimental Group

With sunlight

Without sunlight
 SEED GROWTH

CONTROL GROUP MEASUREMENT OF TIME (DAYS)

GROWTH
With sunlight

Without sunlight

Experimental Group

With sunlight

Without sunlight
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