6.

1 Frames and Machines

6.1 Frames and Machines Example 1, page 1 of 2
1. A pair of pliers is used to hold a short, smooth
rod in position. Determine the force that the pliers 18 lb
applies to the rod.

A B

0.25 in. D

1.5 in. 3 in.

18 lb
6.1 Frames and Machines Example 1, page 2 of 2
1 Free-body diagram of member DBC

2 Since the rod is smooth, no

friction force acts between the
rod and the jaw of the pliers; 18 lb
the only force is the normal
force.
By C
FD
B Bx 0.25 in.
3 Equilibrium equations for member DBC:
D + Fx = 0: Bx = 0

Fy = 0: FD + By 18 lb = 0

+
MB = 0: FD(1.5 in.) (18 lb)(3 in.) = 0

+
1.5 in. 3 in.
Solving these equations simultaneously gives

Bx = 0 Ans.

By = 54 lb Ans.

FD = 36 lb Ans.
6.1 Frames and Machines Example 2, page 1 of 3
2. Determine the force that the nutcracker 20 lb
applies to the top and bottom of the nut.
A B C

1 in

D E F

1.5 in. 5 in. 20 lb

1 Free-body diagram of member AD. Note that it is a 2-force member (a

member loaded at two and only two points). Generally, you do not need to
draw a free-body diagram of a two-force member; it is shown here to illustrate
what we can conclude about the direction of the forces acting on the member.

Ay
A
2 Because AD is a two-force member, Ax is zero (If
Ax = 0 it were not zero, the sum of moments about D
wouldn't be zero, and the body would spin).
3 Because AD is a two-force member, Dx is zero (If
it were not zero, the sum of moments about A
Dx = 0 wouldn't be zero, and the body would spin).
D
Dy = Ay 4 Because AD is a two-force member, the force at D
must be equal and opposite to the force at A.
6.1 Frames and Machines Example 2, page 2 of 3
5 Free-body diagram of ABC 20 lb

A B C

Bx
Ay By

1.5 in. 5 in.

6 Ay pointed up on the free body of AD, so by Newton's Third

Law, it must point down on the neighboring body, ABC.

7 Equilibrium equations for member ABC.

+ Fx = 0: Bx = 0:

Fy = 0: Ay + By 20 lb = 0
+

MB = 0: Ay(1.5 in.) (20 lb)(5 in.) = 0

+

Solving these equations simultaneously gives

Bx = 0 Ans.

Ay = 66.7 lb Ans.

By = 86.7 lb Ans.
6.1 Frames and Machines Example 2, page 3 of 3
8 Free-body diagram of nut
By = 86.67 lb

Ey

9 Equilibrium equation for the nut:

Fy = -86.7 + Ey = 0
+

Solving gives

Ey = 86.7 lb Ans.

10 Note that the resultant force applied

to the nut is zero, since the forces
acting on the top and bottom cancel.
6.1 Frames and Machines Example 3, page 1 of 2
3. Determine the support force at A and the
tension in the cord. The pulleys are frictionless,
and their weight can be neglected.

A B
C

A B
C
1 Tension is same on
D T both sides of pulley C.
T
2 Tension is same on
T both sides of pulley D.
90 kg
D

90 kg
6.1 Frames and Machines Example 3, page 2 of 2
3 Free-body diagram of pulley D. This
free body is chosen first because only
one unknown force, T, is present.
T T T
4 Tension forces are directed
away from the body.
6 Free-body diagram of pulley C

5 Equilibrium equation for pulley D: FA

D Fy = 0: 3T 882.9 N = 0
+

Solving gives
C
T = 294.3 N Ans.
90 kg

Weight of block = mg T = 294.3 N T = 294.3 N

= (90 kg)(9.81 m/s2) 7 Equilibrium equation for pulley C

= 882.9 N
+ Fy = 0: FA 2(294.3 N) = 0

Solving gives

FA = 589 N Ans.
6.1 Frames and Machines Example 4, page 1 of 2
4. Determine the values of the weight W and the
support forces at A and B. The pulleys are frictionless,
and their weight can be neglected.

B
B

C
C 1 Tension is same,
T = 400 lb 400 lb, on both
sides of pulley C.

D T = 400 lb
D

T* = W 400 lb
400 lb
2 Tension is same, T* = W,
W on both sides of pulley D.
W T* = W
A Note that this is a different
A cord than the cord that goes
around pulley C. That is
why the tension is labeled
T* rather than T.
6.1 Frames and Machines Example 4, page 2 of 2
3 Free-body diagram of pulley D. This free
6 Free-body diagram of pulley C.
body is chosen first because only one
unknown force (W) is present.
FB
T = 400 lb

T = 400 lb T = 400 lb
4 The tension forces are
directed away from the body.
7 Equilibrium equation for pulley C:
T* = W T* = W
Fy = 0: FB 2(400 lb) = 0

+
Solving gives
5 Equilibrium equation for pulley D:
FB = 800 lb Ans.
Fy = 0: 400 2W = 0
+

Solving gives

W = 200 lb Ans.

Thus the support force at A is 200 lb Ans.

6.1 Frames and Machines Example 5, page 1 of 3
5. Determine the force P and the force in the connecting
bar EF. The pulleys are frictionless and their weight can
be neglected.

A B

C D

E P

400 lb
6.1 Frames and Machines Example 5, page 2 of 3

3 Tension is same, P, on
both sides of pulley C.
P P
4 Tension is same, P, on
both sides of pulley E .
A B
1 Tension is same, P, on
both sides of pulley D.
C D
P
P P
E P

2 Tension is same, P, on
both sides of pulley F.
P
P

400 lb
6.1 Frames and Machines Example 5, page 3 of 3
5 Free-body diagram of pulley F. This free body is
chosen because it involves only the force P and the
force in the bar EF. The support forces at A and B,
which we have not been asked to calculate, do not
appear.

P FEF P

6 Fy = 0: 2P + FEF 400 lb = 0 (1)

+

F 7 Free-body diagram of pulley E. This free body is

chosen because it involves only the forces P and FEF.
P P Fy = 0: 2P FEF = 0 (2)
8

+ Solving Eqs. 1 and 2 simultaneously gives

400 lb P = 100 lb Ans.

E
FEF = 200 lb Ans.

FEF
6.1 Frames and Machines Example 6, page 1 of 2
6. Determine the values of the reactions at the
supports, A and B. The pulleys are frictionless,
and their weight can be neglected.

H G B

C D

E H T* G B
A
C D 1 Tensions on
T* T* both sides of
T* pulley F are
F equal.
E
A
T T
100 kg
2 Tensions on both
sides of pulleys C, F
D, and E are equal.
Note that this is a
different cord than
the cord wrapped
100 kg
around pulley F, so
the label T* is used
instead of T.
6.1 Frames and Machines Example 6, page 2 of 2
3 Free-body diagram of pulley F. This
free body is chosen first because only
one unknown force, T, is present. 5 Free-body diagram for pulley E
T T

4 Equilibrium equation for pulley F: T* T*

Fy = 0: 2T 981 N = 0
+

Solving gives E
F
T = 490.5 N

Reaction at B = T = 490.5 N Ans.

T = 490.5 N
Tension in cable supporting the 6 Equilibrium equation for pulley E:
weight = mg = (100 kg)(9.81 m/s2)
= 981 N Fy = 0: 2T* 490.5 N = 0

+
Solving gives

T* = 245.25 N

Reaction at A is T* = 245 Ans.

6.1 Frames and Machines Example 7, page 1 of 2
7. While standing on a 50-lb platform, a 150-lb man supports
himself by pulling with force P on the rope. Determine the value of
P and the force that the man's feet exert on the platform. Assume
that the pulley is frictionless, the platform remains horizontal, and
the inclination of the rope can be neglected.

1 Tension is same, P, on
both sides of pulley.
6.1 Frames and Machines Example 7, page 2 of 2
2 Free-body diagram of man and platform.
4 Free-body diagram of platform. Note carefully that the
This free body is chosen first because only
150-lb weight of the man is not included in this free
one unknown force (P) is present.
body because the man is not part of the free body.
P P P = 100 lb

Center of
gravity of man

Weight of man
= 150 lb Ffeet

Weight of platform = 50 lb Weight of platform = 50 lb

3 Equilibrium equation for man and platform: 5 Equilibrium equation for platform:
Fy = 2P 150 lb 50 lb = 0
+

Fy = 100 lb Ffeet 50 lb = 0

+
Solving gives Solving gives
P = 100 lb Ans. Ffeet = 50 lb Ans.
6.1 Frames and Machines Example 8, page 1 of 3
8. A 180-lb man supports himself, while standing in the middle of a
20-lb platform, by pulling on the ropes. Determine the force that the
man's feet exert on the platform. The pulleys are frictionless, each
weighs 10 lb, and the platform is of uniform density.

A D

B C

F= 0

A D

B C 1 Tension T is
2 Tension T* is same on both
E F same on both T* T sides of pulleys
sides of pulleys C and D.
3 ft 3 ft A and B.

F= 0

E F
6.1 Frames and Machines Example 8, page 2 of 3
3 Free-body diagram of platform. This free body
is chosen first because it will allow us to show
that T = T*. Note carefully that the weight of the
man is not shown because the man is not part of
the free body. 5 Now we ask, "Is there another free-body diagram that
we can choose that will not introduce any new
T* T unknowns?" The answer is "Yes." Pass a section
Ffeet through the ropes as shown in the figure below, and
draw the free-body diagram of the part of the system
below the section.
E O F

3 ft 3 ft

A D
Weight of platform = 20 lb
B C
4 Equilibrium equations for platform:

Fy = 0: T* + T Ffeet 20 lb = 0 (1)
+

MO = 0: 3T* + 3T = 0 (2)
+

F= 0

Solving Eq. 2 gives T = T*, a result we expected because

of symmetry.
E F

3 ft 3 ft
6.1 Frames and Machines Example 8, page 3 of 3
6 Free-body diagram of part below section.

Because of symmetry, T* = T.
T T T
T* T* T* T T T

B C
7 Equilibrium equation for part below section:

+ Fy = 0: 6T 180 lb 20 lb 20 lb = 0

Solving gives
F= 0

T = 36.67 lb.

Using this result in Eq. 1 gives

E F
Ffeet = 53.3 lb Ans.
3 ft 3 ft

Weight of man = 180 lb

Weight of platform = 20 lb

Weight of two pulleys = 2(10 lb) = 20 lb

6.1 Frames and Machines Example 9, page 1 of 3
9. The frame is pin-connected at D and at the supports
A and B. Determine the reactions at A and B.
6 ft 6 ft

10 kip C D E 1 Free-body diagram of member DEB

FBD 6 ft
9 ft D E

A B
9 ft
2 DEB is a two-force
member (loaded at
two and only two
points, and no couple B
moment acts).
FBD

3 No equilibrium equation needs to be written. Because DEB

is a two-force member, we know that the forces at B and D
are equal, opposite, and have a line of action passing
through B and D. Usually, it is unnecessary to draw a
free-body diagram of a two-force member; it was drawn
here to emphasize that the line of action of the forces is
known.
6.1 Frames and Machines Example 9, page 2 of 3
4 Free-body diagram of member ACD

D
10 kip C
FBD

9 ft

7 Geometry
A B 6
Ax D E
6 ft 6 ft
Ay
9
5 Because BD is a two-force member, only one
unknown (the magnitude of FBD) is shown on the = tan-1 6 = 33.69°
free-body diagram at D. 9

6 Equilibrium equationd for member ACD:

+ B
Fx = 0: 10 kip + Ax FBD sin =0 (1)
8 Solving Eqs. 1, 2, and 3 simultaneously gives
Fy = 0: Ay + FBD cos =0 (2)
+

MB = 0: (10 kip)(9 ft) Ay (6 ft + 6 ft) = 0 (3) Ax = 5.0 kip Ans.

+

Ay = 7.5 kip Ans.

FBD = 9.014 kip

6.1 Frames and Machines Example 9, page 3 of 3
9 The horizontal and vertical components of FBD are
equal to the components of the force from the support
acting on the frame at B.
FBD = 9.014 kip By = (9.014 kip) cos 33.69° = 7.5 kip Ans.

= 33.69°
B
Bx = (9.014 kip) sin 33.69° = 5.0 kip Ans.
6.1 Frames and Machines Example 10, page 1 of 3
10. A trailer is connected to a truck by a ball-and-socket
trailer hitch B. Determine the force of each tire on the
ground, when the truck and trailer are parked.

5000 lb

900 lb B
A C D

6 ft 4.5 ft
1.5 ft 4 ft 2 ft
6.1 Frames and Machines Example 10, page 2 of 3
1 Free-body diagram of truck and trailer

5000 lb

900 lb B
A C D

2FA 2FC 2FD 2 If FD represents the force acting

on one front wheel, then 2FD
10 ft 4.5 ft
2 ft represents the resultant acting on
1.5 ft
both front wheels.

3 Equilibrium equations for truck and trailer:

Fy = 0: 2FA 900 lb + 2FC 5000 lb + 2FD = 0 (1)

+

MA = 0: (900 lb)(1.5 ft) + 2FC (1.5 ft + 10 ft) 4 Two equations in three

+

5000 lb (1.5 ft +10 ft + 4.5 ft) unknowns, so an additional

+ 2FD (1.5 ft +10 ft + 4.5 ft + 2 ft) = 0 (2) equation is needed.
6.1 Frames and Machines Example 10, page 3 of 3
5 Free-body diagram of trailer alone 6 Equilibrium equation for trailer alone:

MB = 0: FA(1.5 ft + 6 ft) + (900 lb)(6 ft) = 0 (3)

+
Solving gives
900 lb B
A FA = 360 lb Ans.
FB
2FA Substituting this result into Eqs. 1 and 2 and solving
simultaneously gives
6 ft
1.5 ft FC = 915 lb Ans.

FD = 1675 lb Ans.
6.1 Frames and Machines Example 11, page 1 of 3
11. Determine the couple moment M applied to the crankshaft
that will keep the piston motionless when a 400 psi pressure acts
on the top of the piston. The diameter of the piston is 3 in., and
the piston slides with negligible friction in the cylinder.

400 psi

8 in.

M 4 in.

2.5 in
6.1 Frames and Machines Example 11, page 2 of 3
1 Free-body diagram of entire mechanism

2 Resultant of pressure = (400 psi)( (3 in./2)2 = 2827 lb

3 Since friction is negligible, only the normal

C N force, N, acts on the side of the piston.

5 Equilibrium equation for the entire mechanism

8 in. (Because we weren't asked to determine Ax and
Ay, we don't bother to write the equilibrium
equations for the horizontal and vertical forces):
B
MA = 0: N(8 in. + 4 in.) M=0 (1)
+

M 4 in.
Ax
A
4 Because member AB is not a two-force member
(a couple moment acts on it), the line of action
Ay
of the reaction force acting at A is not known.
Thus two unknown components, Ax and Ay, are
shown.
6.1 Frames and Machines Example 11, page 3 of 3
6 Free-body diagram of piston
2827 lb

C N 7 Equilibrium equation for the piston

+
Fx = N + FBC sin =0 (2)
FBC Fy = FBC cos 2827 lb = 0 (3)
+

8 Geometry 9 Solving Eqs. 2 and 3, with = 17.35°, gives

C FBC = 2,960 lb

N = 883 lb

8 in. Substituting N = 883 lb in Eq. 1 and solving gives

2.5 in. ) M = 10,600 lb·in. Ans.

= tan-1 ( = 17.35°
8 in.
B 2.5 in.
6.1 Frames and Machines Example 12, page 1 of 3
12. Determine the force in spring AD for the wheel
suspension-system shown. The ground exerts a
900-lb vertical force on the wheel.

6 in.

B A

10 in.

E D C

8 in. 7 in.
3 in.
900 lb
6.1 Frames and Machines Example 12, page 2 of 3
1 Free-body diagram of wheel and axle

B FAB 2 Because member AB is a

two-force member, only one
unknown force component, FAB,
is shown acting at B.
10 in.

Ex 4 Equilibrium equations for the wheel and axle:

E + Fx = 0: Ex FAB = 0
3 Because member EDC is not a
Ey two-force member (it is loaded at
Fy = 0: Ey + 900 lb = 0

+
three points), two unknown
components, Ex and Ey, are
ME = 0: FAB(10 in.) (900 lb)(8 in.) = 0

+
8 in. shown acting at E.
900 lb
Solving simultaneously gives

Ex = 720 lb

Ey = 900 lb

FAB = 720 lb
6.1 Frames and Machines Example 12, page 3 of 3
5 Free-body diagram of member CDE
Fspring
Cy
7 Equilibrium equation for member CDE
Ex E D Cx MC = 0: (900 lb)(7 in. + 3 in.) + Fspring(3in.) = 0

+
C
Solving gives
7 in.
3 in. Fspring = 3,000 lb Ans.
Ey = 900 lb

6 Newton's third law says that Ey should be

directed downward on this diagram because it
was directed upwards on the free-body diagram
of the wheel and axle. But we found that Ey
was negative, so we now reverse its downward
direction.
6.1 Frames and Machines Example 13, page 1 of 3
13. Determine the reactions at A and C.
B

2m
2 kN 3 kN

3m
40° 60°
A C
6.1 Frames and Machines Example 13, page 2 of 3
1 Free-body diagram of entire frame
B

2m
2 kN 3 kN

3m
40° 60°
Ax A C
Cx 3 Geometry B
L1 L2
Ay Cy
2m+3m=5m

2 Equilibrium equation for the entire frame

+ Fx = 0: Ax + Cx + 2 kN 3 kN = 0 (1)
40° 60°
Fy = 0: Ay + Cy = 0 (2) A C
+

MA = 0: (2 kN)(3 m) + (3 kN)(3 m) + Cy(L1 + L2) = 0 (3)

+

L1 L2

5m
4 Three equations but four unknowns, so L1 = ( tan 40° ) = 5.959 m 5m
another free-body diagram is needed. L2 = ( tan 60° ) = 2.887 m
6.1 Frames and Machines Example 13, page 3 of 3
5 Free-body diagram of member BC
B Bx

2m
By 3 kN 6 Since we were not asked to find Bx and By, point B is a
good point for summing moments because Bx and By
will not appear in the equation:
3m MB = 0: Cy(2.887 m) + Cx(3 m + 2 m) (3 kN)(2 m) = 0 (4)

+
60°
C
Solving Eqs. 1, 2, 3 and 4 gives
Cx
L2 Ax = 0.396 kN Ans.
Cy
Ay = 0.339 kN Ans.

Cx = 1.396 kN Ans.
L2 = 2.887 m
Cy = 0.339 kN Ans.
6.1 Frames and Machines Example 14, page 1 of 3
14. Determine the force P required to keep the two 20-lb, uniform rods
of length L in equilibrium. The rods are prevented from moving out of
the plane of the figure.

Pin-connection

30° 30° C
P A

Smooth floor
6.1 Frames and Machines Example 14, page 2 of 3
1 Free-body diagram of the two rods together

Weight = 20 lb Weight = 20 lb

30° 30° C
P A Cx

3 Equilibrium equation for the two rods together. Because

N
2 diagram to get enough equations. Note also that we were
Because the floor is smooth,
no friction force is shown;
only a normal force is present.
Cy four unknown forces are present in the free-body
diagram, we know that we must draw an additional
L cos 30° not asked to compute Cx and Cy, so we would like to
2
save work, if we can, by not writing any equilibrium
equations involving these quantities. Of course, if it
turns out later that we need the values of Cx and Cy to
determine P, then we can return to this free body and
write the equations at that time.

MC = 0: 20 lb ( 3 L ) cos 30° + (20 lb) ( L) cos 30°

+ 2 2
N (4 L ) cos 30° = 0
2
Solving gives (note that L cancels out)

N = 20 lb
6.1 Frames and Machines Example 14, page 3 of 3
4 Free-body diagram of rod AB
By

B Bx

20 lb

L sin 30°
30°
P A

5 Equilibrium equation for rod AB. Summing moments about B

eliminates Bx and By and gives us one equation in one
unknown, P. Thus we don't have to compute forces Cx, Cy, Bx,
N = 20 lb L cos 30° and By.
2
MB = 0: P(L sin 30°) + (20 lb) L cos 30° (20 lb)(L cos 30°) = 0
+
2
Solving gives

P = 17.32 lb Ans.
6.1 Frames and Machines Example 15, page 1 of 2
15. Determine the resultant force applied to the
material at A by the crushing mechanism. Neglect
friction acting on the sides of the piston.

200 mm
1 Free-body diagram of piston (This is a good free body
C to use first, since it shows Fcrush, the quantity that we
want to calculate.)
Ay
D
500 mm 300 N
2 Ax and Ay are the
force components Ax NA
325 mm from member
A 3 Normal force
ABD acting on
B the piston. from the wall
270 mm
Fcrush

A
4 Equilibrium equations for piston. Two equations, but
four unknowns, so additional equations are needed.
+ Fx = 0: NA + Ax = 0 (1)

Fy = 0: Fcrush + Ay = 0 (2)
+
6.1 Frames and Machines Example 15, page 2 of 2
5 Free-body diagram of member ABD 7 Geometry
D C
BC is a
two-force FBC
member. D
B 300 N
325 mm
500 mm
200 mm
270 mm
B
270 mm
Ax
A = tan-1 ( 500 mm
200 mm ) = 68.20°
200 mm
Ay A = tan-1 (200 mm
270 mm) = 36.53°

6 Equilibrium equations for member ABD

8 Substituting = 68.20° and = 36.53° into
+ Eqs. 3, 4, and 5 and solving Eqs. 1-5
Fx = 0: Ax + FBC cos (300 N) cos =0 (3)
simultaneously gives
Fy = 0: Ay FBC sin + (300 N) sin =0 (4)
+

Ax = NA = 16.5 N
MB = 0: Ax(270 mm) + Ay(200 mm)
+

FBC = 693 N
+ (300 N) (325 mm) = 0 (5)
Ay = 465 N

Fcrush = 465 N Ans.

6.1 Frames and Machines Example 16, page 1 of 3
16. Determine the forces transmitted by the rollers. Horizontal
motion is prevented by the short links at A, E, and F.
4 kN

A Beam 1 B

E Beam 2 D C

F Beam 3 G

6m 3m 3m
6.1 Frames and Machines Example 16, page 2 of 3
1 Free-body diagram of beam 1 (This is a good 3 Free-body diagram of beam 2
free body to begin with, since only three
unknown forces are present). 4 kN Ay = 1 kN By = 3 kN

Ax Ex
A Beam 1 B E Beam 2 D C
Ay By
Dy Cy
9m 3m 6m 6m

2 Equilibrium equations for beam 1: 4 Equilibrium equations for beam 2:

+
Fx = 0: Ax = 0 (1) +
Fx = 0: Ex = 0 (4)
Fy = 0: Ay + By 4 kN = 0 (2)
+

Fy = 0: Cy + Dy 1 kN 3 kN = 0 (5)

+
MA = 0: By(9 m + 3 m) (4 kN)(9 m) = 0 (3)
+

MC = 0: Dy(6 m) (1 kN)(6 m + 6 m) = 0 (6)

+
Solving simultaneously gives Solving simultaneously gives
Ax = 0 Ex = 0
Ay = 1 kN Ans. Cy = 2 kN Ans.
By = 3 kN Ans. Dy = 2 kN Ans.
6.1 Frames and Machines Example 16, page 3 of 3
5 Free-body diagram of beam 3
Dy = 2 kN Cy = 2 kN

Fx
F Beam 3 D G

Fy Gy
6m 6m

6 Equilibrium equations for beam 3

+
Fx = 0: Fx = 0 (7)

Fy = 0: Fy 2 kN 2 kN + Gy = 0 (8)
+

MG = 0: (2 kN)(6 m) Fy(6 m + 6 m) = 0 (9)

+

Solving simultaneously gives

Fx = 0

Fy = 1 kN Ans.

Gy = 3 kN Ans.
6.1 Frames and Machines Example 17, page 1 of 4
17. Determine the resultant force
transmitted by the pin at D in the tongs.

400 lb
A
45° 45°
B C

14 in.

4 in.

18 in.

400 lb
E F

8 in. 8 in.
6.1 Frames and Machines Example 17, page 2 of 4
1 Free-body diagram of member BDF (This is a
good free body to begin with, since it shows the
components of force transmitted by pin D).

FAB 2 AB is a two-force member, so only one unknown,

45° FAB, is shown (the magnitude of the force is
B unknown; the line of action of the force is known).

14 in. Dy

Dx 4 Equilibrium equations for member BDF:

D
+
Fx = 0: FAB cos 45° + Dx + Fx = 0 (1)

Fy = 0: FAB sin 45° + Dy Fy = 0 (2)

+

18 in.
MD = 0: Fx(18 in.) Fy(8 in.) FAB cos 45°(14 in.) (3)
+

FAB sin 45°(4 in.) = 0

Fx F

3 The tongs must depend on a friction
force to be able to lift the weight;
4 in. 8 in. both a normal force, Fx, and a friction
Fy
force, Fy, are present.
5 Three equations but five unknowns so at
least one more free body is needed (to obtain
more equations of equilibrium).
6.1 Frames and Machines Example 17, page 3 of 4
6 Free-body diagram of connection A. 8 Equilibrium equations for connection A:

+
400 lb Fx = 0: FAB cos 45° + FAC cos 45° = 0 (4)
7 Since both AB and AC
A Fy = 0: 400 lb FAB sin 45° FAC sin 45° = 0 (5)

+
are two-force members,
only two unknowns
(magnitudes of FAB and FAB FAC Solving gives
FAC) appear on this free
body. FAB = 282.8 lb
45° 45°
FAC = 282.8 lb

9 Free-body diagram of block EF

8 in. 8 in. 10 Equilibrium equations for block EF:

Ex Fx Fy = 0: Ey + Fy 400 lb = 0 (6)

+
E
+ ME = 0: (400 lb)(8 in.) + Fy(16 in.) = 0 (7)

Solving gives
Ey Fy
400 lb Ey = 200 lb

Fy = 200 lb
6.1 Frames and Machines Example 17, page 4 of 4
11 Substituting FAB = 282.8 lb and Fy = 200 lb
into Eqs. 1, 2, and 3 and solving gives

Dx = 488.9 lb

Dy = 0.0 lb

Fx = 288.9 lb

The resultant force transmitted at D is, then,

Dx2+ Dy2 = ( 488.9 lb)2 + (0.0)2

= 489 lb Ans.
6.1 Frames and Machines Example 18, page 1 of 5
18. Determine all forces acting on member FCB.
The 2-kip force is applied to pin F.

2 kip F

6 ft
4 kip·ft
D E

A C
3 ft
B

8 ft 4 ft 3 ft
6.1 Frames and Machines Example 18, page 2 of 5
1 Free-body diagram of member FCB not including the pin at F.

Fy 2 Fx and Fy are forces from the pin

Fx acting on member FCB. The force
F
from member FD and the 2-kip force
are not shown since they act on the
pin, not on member FCB.
6 ft
Cy
3 Equilibrium equations for member FCB:
Cx
+
C Fx = 0: Fx + Cx = 0 (1)

Fy = 0: Fy + Cy + By = 0 (2)
+

B
MC = 0: Fx (6 ft) = 0 (3)
+

4 Three unknowns, Fy, Cy, and By, remain to

By Eqs. 1 and 3 imply be determined, so at least one additional
free-body diagram is needed.
Fx = 0 Ans.

Cx = 0 Ans.
6.1 Frames and Machines Example 18, page 3 of 5
5 Free-body diagram of pin at F (This is a good choice
for the next free body to use, since it will allow us to
calculate Fy).
Fy

2 kip Fx = 0
8 Geometry
FDF F
6 DF is a two-force
member, so DF's line
of action is known. 4 ft
= tan-1 ( ) = 33.69°
6 ft 6 ft
7 Equilibrium equations for pin at F:
+ (4)
Fx = 0: 2 kip + FDF sin =0
D
Fy = 0: Fy FDF cos =0 (5) C
+

4 ft

9 Substituting = 33.69° in Eqs. 4 and 5 and solving

simultaneously gives

FDF = 3.606 kip

Fy = 3 kip Ans.

10 Two unknowns, Cy and By, remain to be determined.

6.1 Frames and Machines Example 18, page 4 of 5
11 Free-body diagram of entire frame (This free-body 12 Equilibrium equation for entire frame:
diagram will allow us to determine By).
ME = 0: 4 kip·ft + (2 kip)(6 ft)

+
2 kip F By (7 ft) = 0 (6)

Solving gives

6 ft By = 1.143 kip Ans.

4 kip·ft Substituting By = 1.143 kip and Fy = 3 kip into Eq. 2
D E
Ex Fy + Cy + By = 0 (Eq. 2 repeated)
A C
and solving gives
B Ey
Cy = 1.857 kip Ans.
7 ft
By
6.1 Frames and Machines Example 18, page 5 of 5
13 Free-body diagram of member FCB (not
including pin F) showing correct senses
Fy = 3 kip

F Fx = 0

Cy = 1.857 kip

Cx = 0
C

By = 1.143 kip
6.1 Frames and Machines Example 19, page 1 of 3
19. Determine all forces acting on pin D.
Members CD and DE are quarter-circle arcs.
C E

14 in.
14 in. 14 in.

40 lb
B D

20 in.
1 Three-dimensional free-body diagram of pin D
y
A
FDE 2 DE is a two-force member, so only one
x
unknown component, FDE, is shown (the
z FCD line of action of the force is known to
pass through E and D).
FBD 3 CD is also a two-force member (The line of action
of FCD is known to pass through C and D).
4 BD is also a two-force member.
Since member BD is horizontal,
force FBD is also horizontal.
6.1 Frames and Machines Example 19, page 2 of 3
5 Two-dimensional free-body diagram of pin D
D E

14 in.
FCD FDE
45° 45°

FBD D 14 in.

6 Equilibrium equations for pin D:

+
Fx = 0: FBD + FCD cos 45° FDE cos 45° = 0 (1)

Fy = 0: FCD sin 45° FDE sin 45° = 0 (2)

+

7 Two equations but three unknowns so at least one more

free body is needed (to obtain another equation of
equilibrium).
6.1 Frames and Machines Example 19, page 3 of 3
8 Free-body diagram of portion ABCD of 9 To simplify the calculation of moments, FDE has been
frame including pin at D
expressed in terms of horizontal and vertical components.
C
10 Equilibrium equation for ABCD:
FDE sin 45°
MA = 0: (40 lb)(20 in.) + FDE (cos 45°)(20 in.)

+
FDE(sin 45°)(14 in.) = 0 (3)
FDE cos 45°
Solving Eq. 3 gives
40 lb B D
FDE = 188.6 lb Ans.

20 in. Using this result in Eqs. 1 and 2 and solving simultaneously gives

FBD = 267 lb Ans.

A FCD = 188.6 lb Ans.
Ax
14 in.
Ay FDE = 188.6 lb

y
11 Free-body diagram of pin D showing
correct senses of forces FBD = 267 lb x
z
FCD = 188.6 lb
6.1 Frames and Machines Example 20, page 1 of 3
20. Members AB, BC, and BED are connected at pin B.
Determine the reactions at the supports A, C, and D.

100 lb 30 in.
60°
A B
E

25 in.
C

25 in. 25 in. 50 in.

6.1 Frames and Machines Example 20, page 2 of 3
1 Free-body diagram of entire frame FBD 2 BD is a two-force member, so only one unknown
the magnitude of the force is shown; the line of
D action of the force is known.

100 lb
60°
A B
E

Ay
C 3 BC is also a two-force member.

25 in. 25 in. 50 in. FBC 4 Equilibrium equations for entire frame:

+ Fx = 0: 100 cos 60° FBD cos
FBC cos = 0 (1)

Fy = 0: 100 sin 60° + Ay FBD sin

+
+ FBC sin = 0 (2)

MB = 0: Ay (25 in. + 25 in.)

+

+ (100 sin 60°)(25 in.) = 0 (3)

5 Three equations and three unknowns so no more
free bodies are needed.
6.1 Frames and Machines Example 20, page 3 of 3
6 Geometry
D

30 in.
= tan-1( 30 in. ) = 30.96°
50 in.
B -1 25 in.
E = tan ( ) = 26.57°
50 in.
25 in. 7 Substituting = 30.96° and = 26.57° in Eqs. 1, 2,
and 3 and solving simultaneously gives
C FBC = 74.5 lb Ans.
50 in.

FBD = 19.40 lb Ans.

Ay = 43.3 lb Ans.
6.1 Frames and Machines Example 21, page 1 of 3
21. Pin C is attached to member BD and slides freely
in the slot cut in member AE. Determine the tension
in the cord BE and the force transmitted by pin C.

A B 100 lb

5 ft

5 ft
D
E

3 ft 3 ft
6.1 Frames and Machines Example 21, page 2 of 3
1 Free-body diagram of member
AE, including pin at E.
A
Ax

5 Geometry
5 ft 2 Since we assumed that the pin at E is
T
part of the free body, then the tension
T in the cord must be shown (if, as C
C seems reasonable, we assume that the
cord is attached to the pin)
FC LCE
5 ft
Ey 5 ft

E Ex E
3 Because the pin slides freely in 3 ft
the slot, only a normal
= tan-1 ( 5 ft ) = 59.04°
component, FC, is present (No 3 ft
friction acts). = 90° = 30.96°
5 ft
4 Equilibrium equation for member AE (Since we weren't asked to LCE = = 5.831 ft
sin
calculate Ex and Ey, we won't write any additional equilibrium
equations that would introduce Ex and Ey as additional
unknowns): 6 We need another free-body one from
which we can calculate Ax easily.
ME = 0: Ax(5 ft + 5 ft) + FC LCE = 0 (1)
+
6.1 Frames and Machines Example 21, page 3 of 3
7 Free-body diagram of entire frame (We 9 Free-body diagram of member DCB, including pin at
can calculate Ax from this free body). D (We can calculate T easily from this free body)
A B 100 lb B
Ax
100 lb

= 30.96° T
5 ft

C
10 ft C

5 ft FC = 171.5 lb
10 The force FC
Dx acting on the
Dx FDE
E D pin acts at
D the angle
Dy previously
Dy calculated.
3 ft 3 ft
8 Equilibrium equation for entire frame:
11 Equilibrium equation for member DCB
MD = 0: Ax(10 ft) + (100 lb)(10 ft) = 0 (2)
+

MD = 0: (171.5 lb)(cos 30.96°)(5 ft)

Solving gives Ax = 100 lb and using this value in Eq. 1 + + (171.5 lb)(sin 30.96°)(3 ft)
gives + (100 lb)(5 ft + 5 ft) T(3 ft + 3 ft) = 0

FC = 171.5 lb Ans. Solving gives

T = 88.2 lb Ans.
6.1 Frames and Machines Example 22, page 1 of 4
22. The sleeve C is pinned to bar AE and can slide feely
on the smooth bar BD. Calculate reaction components
from the supports at D and E.
A B

200 mm
C

30 kg 200 mm
D E

300 mm 300 mm
6.1 Frames and Machines Example 22, page 2 of 4
1 Free-body diagram of entire frame
A B

Weight = mg
C
2
= (30 kg)(9.81 m/s ) 400 mm
= 294.3 N
2 Equilibrium equation for entire frame
D E +
Dx Ex Fx = 0: Dx + Ex = 0 (1)

Fy = 0: Dy + Ey 294.3 N = 0 (2)

+
300 mm 300 mm Ey
Dy
MD = 0: Ey(300 mm + 300 mm)

+
(294.3 N)(300 mm) = 0 (3)

Solving Eqs. 2 and 3 gives 3 Dx and Ex remain

unknown, so at least
Dy = 147.2 N Ans. one more free-body
diagram is needed.
Ey = 147.2 N Ans.
6.1 Frames and Machines Example 22, page 3 of 4
4 Free-body diagram of member DCB 5 Member AB is a two-force member so only one
FAB unknown (the magnitude) is shown.
B
6 Since the sleeve slides freely, it exerts a normal force, FC ,
only (no friction force parallel to member DCB). Note that
FC does not lie in the direction of member ACB.
C
400 mm

D FC
Dx 7 Equilibrium equations for member DC:

Fy = 0: 147.2 N FC sin =0 (4)

+
Dy = 147.2 N
600 mm MB = 0: Dx(400 mm) + (FC)LBC

+
(147.2 N) (600 mm) = 0 (5)

8 Geometry
B
LBC 200 mm
= tan-1( ) = 33.69°
200 mm 300 mm
C = 90° = 56.31°
300 mm
LBC = = 360.56 mm
cos 33.69°
300 mm
6.1 Frames and Machines Example 22, page 4 of 4
9 Substituting = 56.31° and LBC = 360.56 mm into
Eqs. 4 and 5 and solving simultaneously gives

FC = 176.9 N

Dx = 61.3 N Ans.

Then Eq. 1 gives

Ex = Dx

Ex = 61.3 N Ans.
6.1 Frames and Machines Example 23, page 1 of 4
23. Determine all the forces acting on pin B.

E
1 ft

A 0.5 ft
B C

2 ft
40 lb
D

1 Three-dimensional free-body diagram of pin B

3 ft 3 ft

Bx y

3 BE is a two-force FBE
member, so only one x
unknown, FBE, (the
magnitude of the By z
B`x
force) is shown. The 2 Bx and By represent
line of action of the B`y the force components
force is known. from member ABC.

4 B`x and B`y represent the force

components from the pulley.
6.1 Frames and Machines Example 23, page 2 of 4
5 Two-dimensional free-body diagram of pin B
B`x Bx

FBE 8 Two equations but five unknowns so at least one more

By free body is needed (to obtain additional equations of
equilibrium).

9 Free-body diagram of pulley, not including pin at B

B`y
40 lb
6 Equilibrium equations for pin B: B B`x
+ Fx = 0: Bx + B`x + FBE cos = 0 (1)
10 B`x and B`y represent the forces
Fy = 0: By + B`y + FBE sin =0 (2) from the pin acting on the pulley.
+

B`y
40 lb
7 Geometry E 11 Equilibrium equations for the pulley:
+ Fx = 0: B`x + 40 lb = 0
1.5 ft
Fy = 0: 40 B`y = 0

+
B
C Solving simultaneously gives
3 ft B`x = 40.0 lb Ans.
1.5 ft.
= tan-1( ) = 26.57°
3 ft. B`y = 40.0 lb Ans.
6.1 Frames and Machines Example 23, page 3 of 4
12 Free-body diagram of member ABC not including pin at B

Cy

A Bx
B C Cx

By
Ay
13 Bx and By represent the forces from
the pin acting on member ABC.

14 Equilibrium equation for member ABC:

+
Fx = 0: Bx + Cx = 0 (5)

15 This free body introduces three additional

unknowns (Cx, Cy, and Ay), so it looks like a
poor choice. But by expressing Bx in terms of
Cx through Eq. 5, we only need one more free
body to complete the solution.
6.1 Frames and Machines Example 23, page 4 of 4
16 Free-body diagram of member DCE 18 Equilibrium equation for member DCE:
= 26.57° E
MD = 0: Cx(2 ft) + (40 lb)(2 ft + 0.5 ft)

+
FBE 1 ft + (FBE cos )(2 ft + 0.5 ft + 1 ft) = 0 (6)
40 lb Substituting B`x = 40 lb in Eq. 1 and then solving Eqs. 1, 5,
0.5 ft
17 The tension in the and 6 simultaneously gives
Cx C
cord is 40 lb on both
sides of the pulley, so Cx = 26.7 lb
the tension force Cy 2 ft
acting on member Bx = 26.7 lb Ans.
DCE is 40 lb
D FBE = 14.91 lb Ans.
Dx
Substituting B`y = 40 lb and FBE = 14.91 lb in Eq. 2 and
then solving for By gives
Dy
By = 46.7 lb Ans.

19 Free-body diagram of pin B with correct sense of forces

FBE = 14.91 lb Bx = 26.7 lb

y
B`x = 40 lb By = 46.7 lb

x
B`y = 40 lb z
6.1 Frames and Machines Example 24, page 1 of 4
24. The smooth cylinder is supported by two pinned
members held together by spring AB. The floor upon
which the members rest is smooth. Determine the
unstretched length of the spring.

5 in.-diameter
100 lb
D O
E

24 in.
1 The unstretched length of the spring is
related to the force in the spring:
k = 25 lb/in.
A B
Fspring = k (extension of spring)

=k (Lstretched Lunstretched)
6 in. 6 in.
= (25 lb/in.)[(6 in. + 6 in.) Lunstretched] (1)

So to calculate Lunstretched we first must calculate Fspring.

6.1 Frames and Machines Example 24, page 2 of 4
2 Free-body diagram of member BCD
4 Equilibrium equation for member BCD. Since we weren't
asked to calculate Cx and Cy, we won't write equilibrium
equations involving them. If we find later that we need to
know these values, we can always return to this free body
and write additional equations.

D Cy MC = 0: FD(LCD) + FB(6 in.) Fspring(24 in.) = 0 (2)

+
FD
Cx 5 Geometry
LCD C
5 in.
Radius = = 2.5 in.
2
O
D
24 in. LCD 2.5 in.
6 By similar triangles, =
LCD 24 in. 6 in.
C
Fspring Solving gives LCD = 10 in.

B
6 in. 24 in.
FB

3 Since the cylinder is smooth, only a force FD

normal to the member is present (no friction
force parallel to the member) 6 in.

7 To calculate Fspring from Eq. 2, we need first to calculate

FD and FB.
6.1 Frames and Machines Example 24, page 3 of 4
8 Free-body diagram of the cylinder (This free
body will give us FD). 10 Geometry

100 lb
O
D

O C
24 in.
= tan-1 ( ) = 75.96°
6 in.
FD FE
24 in.
9 Equilibrium equation for the cylinder:
+
Fx = 0: FD sin FE sin =0 (3)
6 in.
Fy = 0: FD cos + FE cos 100 lb = 0 (4)
+

11 Substituting = 75.96° in Eqs. 3 and 4 and

solving gives

FE = 206.1 lb

FD = 206.1 lb
6.1 Frames and Machines Example 24, page 4 of 4
12 Free-body diagram of the entire structure 13 Equilibrium equation for the entire structure:
(This free body will give us FB).
MA = 0: (100 lb)(6 in.) + FB (6 in. + 6 in.) = 0

+
100 lb
Solving gives

FB = 50 lb

14 Substituting LCD = 10 in., FB = 50 lb, and FD = 206.1 lb into Eq. 2:

FD(LCD) + FB(6 in.) Fspring(24 in.) = 0 (Eq. 2 repeated)

and solving gives

Fspring = 98.38 lb

Substituting Fspring = 98.38 lb into Eq. 1:

A Fspring = (25 lb/in.)(12 in Lunstretched) (Eq. 1 repeated)

B
and solving gives
6 in. 6 in.
Lunstretched = 8.07 in. Ans.
FA FB
6.1 Frames and Machines Example 25, page 1 of 3
25. Determine all forces acting on pin D.
A

300 mm Radius = 100 mm

B
D

1 Three-dimensional free-body diagram of pin D

250 mm
2 Dx and Dy represent
C 20 kg y
Dx the force components
from the pulley.
400 mm x
FBD Dy
z
3 BD is a two-force member,
so only one unknown
FCD component (the magnitude
4 Similiarly, CD is a of the force) is shown ; the
two-force member, so only line of action is known.
one unknown (the
magnitude of the force) is
shown; the direction of the
force is known.
6.1 Frames and Machines Example 25, page 2 of 3
5 Two-dimensional free-body diagram of pin D 8 Free-body diagram of pulley
Dy T = 196.2 N

FBD
Dx
FCD Dx D

9 The tension is the same on

6 Equilibrium equation for pin D: both sides of the pulley.
+
Fx = 0: FBD + Dx + FCD cos =0 (1) Dy

Fy = 0: FCD sin + Dy = 0 (2)

+

Weight = mg
= (20 kg)(9.81m/s2)
Geometry = 196.2N
7

400 10 Equilibrium equations for the pulley:

B
D +
Fx = 0: Dx (196.2 N) cos =0 (3)
32°

250 + Fy = 0: Dy 196.2 N + (196.2 N) sin =0 (4)

= tan-1( 250 ) = 32.01°
400
C
6.1 Frames and Machines Example 25, page 3 of 3
11 Geometry 13 Substituting = 25.33° in Eqs. 3 and 4 and
solving simultaneously gives
A
Dx = 177.3 N Ans.
300 100 cos
300 Dy = 112.3 N Ans.
Radius = 100
Substituting these values and = 32.01° into
Eqs. 1 and 2 and solving simultaneously gives
100 cos D
FBD = 2.2 N Ans.

400 100 sin FCD = 212 N Ans.

400 + 100 sin

14 Free-body diagram of pin D with correct
sense of forces
12 The angle must satisfy the following geometric
relation (The equation must be solved by approximate Dy = 112 N
methods).
y
300 100 cos Dx = 177 N
tan =( )
400 + 100 sin
Solving numerically gives = 25.33° x

z
FBD = 2.2 N

FCD = 212 N
6.1 Frames and Machines Example 26, page 1 of 7
26. Motor E and pulley B weigh 25 lb and 3 lb respectively
and are supported by the two-dimensional frame shown.
When the motor is turned off, the belt tension is 2 lb. The
15-lb force acts on member ADG, not on pin A. Determine
the tension in cable FG and all forces acting on member ADG.

6-in. dia.
B
15 lb A C

6-in. dia.

3.5 ft
E

D F

3.5 ft

G H

2 ft 2 ft
6.1 Frames and Machines Example 26, page 2 of 7
1 Free-body diagram of member ADG, not including pin G and not
including pin A (Since we are asked to find all the forces acting
on member ADG, ADG is the best choice for the first free-body
diagram).

Ay

15 lb A
Ax

3.5 ft 2 Forces Gx and Gy are from the pin G

Dy acting on the member ADG. The force
from the cable does not appear here,
D since the cable is attached to the pin, and
Dx the pin is not part of the free body.

3 Equilibrium equations for ADG:

3.5 ft
Gy + Fx = 0: 15 lb + Ax + Dx + Gx = 0 (1)
G Fy = 0: Ay + Dy + Gy = 0 (2)
+

Gx
MG = 0: 15 lb(3.5 ft + 3.5 ft) Ax(3.5 ft + 3.5 ft) Dx(3.5 ft) = 0 (3)
+
6.1 Frames and Machines Example 26, page 3 of 7
4 Free-body diagram of pin G.

5 The tension T comes from the cable.

G`y Since we are asked to determine T,
pin G is a good choice for the next
6 G'x and G'y are free-body diagram.
forces from the T
pin support. Gy
8 Equilibrium equations for pin G:
Gx G`x + Fx = 0: Gx + G`x + T cos =0 (4)
7 Here the forces Gx and Gy from
member ADG are equal and opposite Fy = 0: Gy + G`y + T sin =0 (5)

+
those specified in the free-body
diagram for member ADG.
F
9 Geometry
3.5
= tan-1( ) = 41.19°
4
3.5

G
H
4
6.1 Frames and Machines Example 26, page 4 of 7
10 Free-body diagram of entire body.
Using this free body next will allow
us to determine G'x and G'y.

Weight = 3 lb

6-in dia
B
15 lb A C

6-in dia

3.5 ft 12 Equilibrium equations for the entire body

E (Only two equations are needed, because we
don't need to calculate the reaction Hy.):
D F
+ Fx = 0: 15 lb + G`x = 0 (6)
11 Only the forces G'x and G'y
MH = 0: 15 lb(3.5 ft + 3.5 ft)

+
from the support are shown.
+ 3 lb(2 ft) 25 lb(2 ft)
The forces Gx, Gy, and T are 3.5 ft G`y(2 ft + 2 ft) = 0 (7)
internal forces for this free
body and so are not shown. Weight = 25 lb
Solving Eqs. 6 and 7 gives
G`x H
G G`x = 15 lb
2 ft 2 ft
G`y G`y = 12.25 lb
Hy
6.1 Frames and Machines Example 26, page 5 of 7
13 Free-body diagram of upper shelf and pulley.
This free body will allow us to calculate Ay.
14 The diameter of the pulley is 6 in. so
Weight = 3 lb the radius is 3 in. (= 0.25 ft).

Cy
6 in. dia
B
A
Ax C Cx

Ay 2 lb 2 lb
15 Equilibrium equation for the upper shelf and pulley:

MC = 0: Ay(4 ft) + (3 lb)(1.75 ft + 0.25 ft) + (2 lb)(1.75 ft)

+ + (2 lb)(1.75 ft + 0.25 ft + 0.25 ft) = 0
2 ft 0.25 ft
= 1.75 ft Solving gives

Ay = 3.5 lb Ans.
4 ft
6.1 Frames and Machines Example 26, page 6 of 7
16 This free body of the lower shelf and motor
will allow us to calculate Dy.
2 lb 2 lb

6 in. dia (= 0.5 ft)

E Fy 17 Since pin F is not

included in the
D F Fx free-body, the
tension of the cable 19 Recall that Eq. 2 is
Dx 2 ft is not shown
(Although it doesn't Ay + Dy + Gy = 0 (Eq. 2 repeated)
Dy Weight = 25 lb really affect our
calculation, since Substituting Ay = 3.5 lb and Dy = 10.5 lb and
1.75 ft 1.75 ft we sum moments then solving gives
4 ft about point F and
no force at F would Gy = 14 lb Ans.
enter the equation).
18 Equilibrium equation for the lower shelf and motor: 20 Recall that Eq. 5 is

MF = 0: Dy(4 ft) + (25 lb)(2 ft) Gy + G`y + T sin =0 (Eq. 5 repeated)

+

(2lb)(1.75 ft + 0.5 ft)

(2 lb)(1.75 ft) = 0 Substituting Gy = 14 lb, G`y = 12.25 lb, and
= 41.19° and then solving gives
Solving gives
T = 39.86 lb Ans.
Dy = 10.5 lb Ans.
6.1 Frames and Machines Example 26, page 7 of 7
21 Recall that Eq. 4 is

Gx + G`x + T cos =0 (Eq. 4 repeated)

Substituting G`x = 15.0 lb, T = 39.86 lb and = 41.19° and

then solving gives
23 Free-body diagram of member
Gx = 15.0 lb Ans. ADG not including pin G (correct
sense of forces are shown).

Ay = 3.5 lb
22 Finally recall that Eqs. 1 and 3 are
15 lb
15 lb + Ax + Dx + Gx = 0 (Eq. 1 repeated) Ax = 0

15 lb(7 ft) Ax(7 ft) Dx(3.5 ft) = 0 (Eq. 3 repeated)

Substituting Gx = 15.0 lb and solving simultaneously gives

Dy = 10.5 lb
Ax = 0 Ans.

Dx = 30.0 lb Ans.
Dx = 30.0 lb

24 Force G'x, G'y, and T are not Gy = 14.0 lb

shown, since they act on pin
G, not on member ADG. Gx = 15.0 lb