ANOVA – Analysis of Variance; *looks at the variance

A Two-Factor ANOVA in Excel without replication can compare a group of individuals

performing more than one task. In a two-factor analysis, there are two variables, rather
than one as in a single factor analysis.
For example, you could compare students’ scores across a battery of tests. If you have
more than one group (say, from two different colleges), use the two-way ANOVA in Excel
WITH replication.

*Students taking the 3 tests (Math, English, Science) – that’s where multiple factors start
coming in
*Again, if it is 2 different groups of students from 2 different schools, it is considered two-
factor with replication
*Difference between these groups – How do the students compare to each other and how
do these exams compare to each other

STEPS
Step 1: Click the “Data” tab in the ribbon and then click “Data Analysis.” Install the Data
Analysis Toolpak if you don’t see Data Analysis as an option.

Step 2: Click “ANOVA two factor without replication” and then click “OK.”

Step 3: Type the location for your data into the Input Range box. For example, type
“A1:D7” if your data is in cells A1 through D7. Make sure to include the location of your
headers and group/individual names, not just the raw data.
*Check the Labels box.

Step 4: Choose an Output Range. For example, select an area to the right of your data
to display the ANOVA output.

Step 5: Choose an alpha level. In most cases, you can leave the default (0.05).
*Alpha level 0.05 is the standard in these tests; it is the level of significance for the
hypothesis test

Step 6: Click “OK.”

Step 7: Analyze the results from the ANOVA output. The two most important factors in
using ANOVA to accept or reject the null hypothesis are:
1. Is the F-value (f) larger than the f critical value (f crit)? If so, there is a statistical
significance to the results, leading you to reject the null hypothesis.
2. Is the p-value smaller than your chosen alpha level? If so, that would also lead you to
reject the null hypothesis.

*Rows refers to test scores for each of the nine students. (Landscape)
*Columns refers to the three categories of test scores: Mathematics, English, and
Science. (Portrait)
*Since the p-value is less than the specified alpha of 0.05, the null hypothesis is rejected;
there is a significant statistical difference between the means of each student's test
scores.