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2.1 &HHVWHFRJQL LDVRFLDO "

2.2 3ULQFLSLXOFRPSOH[LW LL
2.3 Pattern-XOVFKLPE ULL
2.4 Sarcinile psihologiei sociale
2.5 9RFD LDDF LRQDO DSVLKRORJLHLVRFLDOH
2.6 9RFD LDDF LRQDO DSVLKRORJLHLVRFLDOH
2.7 &HVXQWSHUFHS LLOHVRFLDOH"
2.8 &HVXQWUHSUH]HQW ULOHVRFLDOH"
2.9 0HPRULDFROHFWLY
2.10 ,QWHOLJHQ DVRFLDO

§ 2.1. &HHVWHFRJQL LDVRFLDO "

ÌQ WUDWDWXO GH SVLKRORJLH VRFLDO  7KH FRJQLWLYH SHUVSHFWLYH LQ VRFLDO SV\FKRORJ\ +D]HO

0DUNXV úL 5REHUW % =DMRQF DSUHFLD]  F  SUREOHPDWLFD FRJQL LHL VRFLDOH DU SXWHD I orma obiectul
SVLKRORJLHLVRFLDOH3URFHVHOHFRJQLWLYHVDXDOWIHOVSXV SURFHVHOHGHFXQRDúWHUHvúL SXQDPSUHQWDSH

comportamentul social al individului.

&HUFHW ULOH GH GHEXW vQ DFHDVW  GLUHF LH V DX FHQWUDW PDL FXUkQG SH FRQ LQXWXULOH FXQRDúWHULL
-
sociale,vQYUHPHFHDVW ]LvQFDGUXOFRJQL LHLVRFLDOHSUHFXSDUHDSULQFLSDO RUHSUH]LQW H[SORUDUHD

VRFLDO HVWHWUDWDW 

3ULPDFRQVWDWDUHDFHOXLFHSRUQHúWHvQF XWDUHDXQHLGHILQL LLDFRJQL LHLVRFLDOHHVWHF DFHDVWD

nu constituie propriu-zis un domeniu aO SVLKRORJLHLH VRFLDOH (D IXQF LRQHD]  FD R PDQLHU  GH

DERUGDUH FH WLQGH V  VH JHQHUDOL]H]H FD XQ VHW GH D[LRPH F O X]LWRDUH SHQWUX FHUFHWDUHD vQ

GLIHULWHOH DULL DOH GLVFLSOLQHL 8QD GLQ H[SOLFD LLOH LPSDFWXOXL V X GLQ XOWLPXO GHFHQLX UH]LG  I U 

dreSW GH vQGRLDO  WRFPDL vQ DFHVW VWDWXW 0RúWHQLUH D XQHL PHWRGRORJLL vQGHOXQJ FL]HODWH GH

SVLKRORJLLFRJQLWLYLúWLFRJQL LDVRFLDO DI FXWGLQWHKQLFDH[SHULPHQWDO UDILQDW RDUP UHGXFWLELO 

vQ RIHQVLYD VD 'RPHQLLWUDGL LRQDOH FDDWLWXGLQLOH VWHUHRWLSXULOH SHUFHS LD VRFLDO  OXDUHD GHFL]LHL

VDX PDL SX LQ H[SORUDWHGH F WUH SVLKRVRFLRORJLH F HXO EHQHILFLD] DFXP GHHILFLHQ DFRQFHSWHORU

úLDPHWRGRORJLHLFRJQL LHLVRFLDOHÌQWRDWHDFHVWHDULLFHUFHW ULOHFDXW V U VSXQG ODWUHLvQWUHE UL

1) Ce tiSXUL GH FXQRDúWHUH VRFLDO  SRVHG P úL FXP HVWH RUJDQL]DW  vQ PHPRULH" 6H GLVWLQJH

LQIRUPD LDDEVWUDFW GHFHDFRQFUHW UHIHULWRDUHODH[HPSODUHOHFDWHJRULHL'HDVHPHQHDVH

GHPRQVWUHD]  H[LVWHQ D XQRU QLYHOXUL GH RUJDQL]DUH D LQIRUPD LHL LQIRUPD LD DEVWUDFW  VH

DIO vQYkUIXOLHUDUKLHL

2) &H IDFWRUL KRW U VF XWLOL]DUHD XQHL DQXPLWH LQIRUPD LL OD XQ PRPHQW GDW úL FXP LQIRUPD LD

VWRFDW  vQ PHPRULH DIHFWHD]  SURFHVDUHD LQIRUPD LHL SURDVSHWH 6WXGLLOH UHDOL]DWH GLQ

DFHDVW  SHUVSHFWLY  GHVFULX FDUDFWHULVWLFLOH LQIRUPD LHL OD FDUH VH IDFH DSHO vQWU -o
vPSUHMXUDUHHDSRDWHILPDLDFFHVLELO PDLUHSUH]HQWDWLY VDXSXUúLVLPSOXPDLXWLO GHFkW

DOWHOH ÌQFH SULYHúWH LQIOXHQ DFDWHJRULLORU úL FRQVWUXFWHORU YHFKL DVXSUDLQIRUPD LHL QRL VH

FRQVLGHU  F  DFHDVWD VH FRQFUHWL]HD]  vQ SURIXQ]LPHD SURFHV ULL úL vQ PDQLHUD GH

interpretare – FXQRDúWHUHD YHFKH SULQ FRQ LQXWXO úL VWUXFWXULOH HL PDUFKHD]  vQ HOHVXO

DWULEXLWFHOHLQRLPDLFXVHDP FkQGDFHDVWDHDPELJX 

3) 6XEDF LXQHDF URUIDFWRULVHVFKLPE LQIRUPD LDGLQPHPRULH"ÌQWUHDFHúWLDVXQWHQXPHUD L

GHRELFHLUHIOHF LDUHHYDOXDUHDúLLQIRUPD LDQRX 

 5DSRDUWHOH GH FHUFHWDUH úL VLQWH]HOH GH FRJQL LH VRFLDO  LQWULJ  3ULPHOH OHFWXUL QH SXQ vQ ID D

XQXLSDUDGR[FRQVWDW PF PRGHOHOHDEVWUDFWHVHUHIHU vQIRQGOD lucruri cât se poate de ordinare,

GHVSUH FDUH ùWHIDQ %RQFX FUHGH F  OH FXQRúWHD 6H REVHUY  XúRU F  RULFkW GH DEVWUDFW DU IL WUDWDWH

GRPHQLLOH DPLQWLWH IHUWLOL]DWH GH DERUGDUHD VRFLRFRJQLWLY  FLUFXPVFULX YLD D QRDVWU  FRWLGLDQ  GH

altminteri, psiholoJLDVRFLDO SURSXQkQGX úLFHUFHWDUHDFRPSRUWDPHQWXOXLXPDQvQFRQGL LLVRFLDOH

-
D IRVW vQWRWGHDXQD úWLLQ D YLH LL GH ILHFDUH ]R (VWH HYLGHQW F  DERUGDUHD FRJQLWLY  D[kQGX -se pe
SURFHVHOH SULQ FDUH LQGLYLGXO UHDOL]HD]  úL PHQ LQH FXQRDúWHUHD OXPLL VRFLDOH QX IDFH GHFkW V 

FRQVWUXLDVF  XQ GLVFXUV DVXSUD VLP XOXL FRPXQ ÌQWU DGHY U FRJQL LD VRFLDO  D IRVW GHILQLW  FD
-
VWXGLXOvQ HOHJHULLúLFXQRDúWHULLFRWLGLHQH$VWIHOHD WUHEXLHSULYLW FD RúWLLQ FRJQLWLY DVLP XOXL

FRPXQFHWUDWHD] GHRVHELWGHULJXURVLQWXL LLOHQRDVWUHEDQDOHRULVXEWLOHGHVSUHFRQGXLWDFHORUODO L

FD úL GHVSUH HYROX LD SURSULHL SHUVRDQH vQ PHGLXO VRFLDO 6HGXF WRDUH FHUFHW ULOH VXUSULQG úL

FDSWLYHD]  WRFPDL SHQWUX F  QH DúWHSW P IRDUWH SX LQ FD úWLLQ D V  PDQLIHVWH LQWHUHV SHQW ru felul în
FDUH QH UDSRUW P FOLS  GH FOLS  OD FHL GLQMXUXO QRVWUX úL OD VLWXD LL &RJQL LD VRFLDO  SDUH V IL J VLW

FHD PDL SRWULYLW  SHUVSHFWLY  GLQ FDUH VH SRDWH FRQVWLWXL R FXQRDúWHUH úWLLQ LILF  GHVSUH FXQRDúWHUHD

FRPXQ 

,GHHD VLPLODULW LL vQWUH FXQRDúWHUHD RELHFWHORU IL]LFH úL FXQRDúWHUHD VRFLDO  FDUH D I FXW

SRVLELO SUHOXDUHDSDUDGLJPHLWUDWDPHQWXOXLLQIRUPD LHLGLQSVLKRORJLDFRJQLWLY vQFRJQL LDVRFLDO 

D WUHEXLW V  ILH UHSHGH DEDQGRQDW  /D vQFHSXW LQGLYLGXO D IRVW FRQFHSXW FD SUHOXFU WRU Q eutru de
LQIRUPD LH FKLDU vQ DFRUG FX PRGHOHOH QRUPDWLYH DOH DFWLYLW LL úWLLQ LILFH FD XQ SVLKRORJ QDLY

&XUkQG vQV  V D GHVFRSHULW F  WRFPDL vQ SUHOXFUDUHD LQIRUPD LHL VRFLDOH RUGLQDWRUXO FDUH HVWH
-
VLVWHPXO SVLKLF XPDQ G  FHOH PDL PXOWH HURUL 6WU GX indu-VH V  SXQ  vQ HYLGHQ  FDUDFWHULVWLFLOH

DFHVWHLJkQGLULPDLGHJUDE VFKHPDWLFHGHFkWDQDOLWLFHRVXPHGHQLHGFHUFHW ULGLQFRJQL LDVRFLDO 

DX WUDWDW GHVSUH GLVWRUVLXQLOH SURGXVH vQ WUDWDPHQWXO LQIRUPD LHL VRFLDOH – de exemplu, euristicile,
FRUHOD LL le iluzorii, confirmarea ipotezelor, erorile de atribuire etc.
ÌQ XOWLPXO WLPS DX DS UXW vQ FRJQL LD VRFLDO  SURJUDPH GH FHUFHWDUH ULJXURDVH úL YDVWH

contrastând cu experimentele izolate ale deceniului al 8-OHDúLDQXQ kQGDGHY UDWXOSURJUHV'HVLJXU

coJQL LDVRFLDO QXUHSUH]LQW VLQJXUDPDQLHU GHDDERUGDFRPSRUWDPHQWXOVRFLDO'DUDWkWDYUHPH
FkWGLQSHUVSHFWLYDHLGLVFLSOLQDSVLKRVRFLRORJLF SRDWHILUHRUJDQL]DW SHED]DSULQFLSLLORUFRJQLWLYH

FH JXYHUQHD]  GLIHULWHOH WLSXUL GH U VSXQVXUL OXDUHD GHFL]LHL IRUPDUHD LPSUHVLLORU GHVSUH FHLODO L

IRUPDUHD úL PHQ LQHUHD VWHURWLSLORU GH]YROWDUHD úL VFKLPEDUHD FRQFHSWXOXL GH VLQH IRUPDUHD úL

VFKLPEDUHD DWLWXGLQLORU DPEL LLOH HL GH VXYHUDQLWDWH SH FDUH OH UHOHY  XQ DSUHFLDW DXWRU vQ

domeniu, ni se pDUMXVWLILFDWHVFULHùWHIDQ%RQFXvQ5HYGHSVLKRORJLH1U

§ 2.2. 3ULQFLSLXOFRQWH[WXDOLW LL

6HUJH 0RVFRYLFL VFULH vQ SUHID D YROXPXOXL GH 3VLKRORJLH VRFLDO  FRRUGRQDW GH $GULDQ

1HFXODXXUP WRDUHOH³(O´SULQFLSLXOFRQWH[WXDOLW LLFRPSRUW XQDVSHFWWHRUHWLFúLXQXOSUDFWLF

7UHEXLH V  FXQRVF F  GLQ SXQFW GH YHGHUH WHRUHWLF úWLLQ D SXQH DFFHQWXO DúD FXP WUHEXLH SH

XQLYHUVDOLWDWH 'DU DFHDVWD QX DGXFH R XQLIRUPLWDWH VDX R FRQIRUPLWDWH FX XQ PRGHO XQLF úL

predeterminat.
Ceea ce aduce acesWSULQFLSLXvQSDUWLFXODUvQúWLLQ HOHVRFLDOHHRO UJLUHDSHUVSHFWLYHORUúL

XQ HIRUW SHQWUX D GHS úL OLPLWHOH LQHUHQWH ILHF UHLD GLQWUH HOH )LHFDUH PRGHO H QLFL PDL PXOW QLFL

PDLSX LQRVXUV GHvQY DUH

Cu mai multe ocazii, S. Moscovici a insiVWDWDVXSUDSULQFLSDOHORUDVSHFWHDOHFRQWH[WXDOLW LLvQ

UDSRUW FX SURFHVXO GH WUDQVIHU FXOWXUDO GH VFKLPE úL GH GLDORJ 3H GH R SDUWH WUDGL LLOH GH FHUFHWDUH

H[LVWHQWH PRGHOHD]  DFHVW WUDQVIHU VDX DFHVW VFKLPE úL SXWHP GHFL FRQWD SH HOH 'DU SHQWUX ca
FHUFHWDUHD V ILHQRYDWRDUHúLV  O UJHDVF VHPQLILFD LDGRPHQLXOXLQRVWUXQXSXWHPV QHPXO XPLP

GRDUFXLPLWDUHDDFHHDFHVHIDFHvQDOW SDUWH3HQWUXF ILHFDUHWRWFHSRDWHIDFHPDLELQHvQPDQLHUD

vQ FDUH úWLH FHO PDL ELQH V  IDF  3H GH DOW  SDUWH ILHFDUH DU  úL ILHFDUH FXOWXU  DX SUREOHPHOH ORU

VSHFLILFH 1XPDL SOHFkQG GH OD SURSULLOH QRDVWUH SUREOHPH ELQHvQ HOHV FHOH FDUH QH VXQW DSURSLDWH

HVWHSRVLELO RLQRYD LH$PSXWHDJ VLRVXUV PDLEXQ VHLQVSLUD LHúLGHJkQGLUH"'RDU LQkQGF ont

GH DFHVWH SUREOHPH XQ FHUFHW WRU vQ SVLKRORJLH VRFLDO  SRDWH V -úL DGXF  R UHDO  FRQWULEX LH

dezvoltând-RvQWHUPHQLLSURSULHLVDOHH[SHULHQ HDLSURSULLORUSXWHULFUHDWRDUHúLLPDJLQDWLYH
 ÌQ RULFH FD] DFHVW SULQFLSLX DO FRQWH[WXDOLW LL DUH XQ D spect practic. A ajuta la instaurarea
psihologiei sociale într-R DU  vQVHDPQ  vQ SULPXO UkQG D VWDELOL R ED]  GH FHUFHWDUH $GLF  D

IDYRUL]D GH]YROWDUHD FHQWUHORU XQGH QRLOH WDOHQWH SRW IL UHFUXWDWH DMXWDWH úL XQGH SRW IL FRQFHSXWH

programe originale deFHUFHWDUH6LJXUFHLPDLWDOHQWD LúLPDLHQWX]LDúWLVXQWFHLFHLQWU vQFRQWUDFW

GHDSURDSHFXSUREOHPHOH ULLORUúLDOHFXOWXULLHL«ÌQPRPHQWHOHGHFUL] FDDFHOHDSHFDUHOH -am

WU LW GXS  U ]ERL VDX FHOH SH FDUH ULOH GLQ (XURSD GH (VW OH WU LHsc acum. Sunt momente în care

OXFLGLWDWHD FUHúWH úL vQ FDUH WH FXIXQ]L vQ vQWUHJLPH (/( 02%,/,=($= toate resursele sociale,
IL]LFHúLVSLULWXDOH%LQHvQ HOHVDFHVWDVSHFWSUDFWLFSRDWHS UHDEDQDO'DUFXPVHVSXQHvQIUDQFH] 

$67$6(Ì1 (/(*() 5 6 638,1,0,&'$56(Ì1 (/(*(0$,%,1(6381Æ1' .

3HQWUX F  DYHP  WHQGLQ D GH D XLWD RUGLQHD SULRULW LORU SURYRF ULOH U EGDUHD SH FDUH HOH R FHU

Procese lente ca acestea – edificarea centrelor de cercetare, recrutarea talentelor într-un domeniu,
formarea lRUJ VLUHDVXSRUWXULORUILQDQFLDUH–SRWV QHHSXL]H]HU EGDUHD3HQWUXF DFO GLRúWLLQ 
HXQMRFFHFRPSRUW FRQWUDGLF LLLQWHUQHúLFRQIOLFWHH[WHUQHHRDF LXQHGHRFRPSOH[LWDWHH[WUHP 

1LPLFQXJDUDQWHD] F YLD DFHOXLFDUHLVHFRQVDFU YDILDOWIHOVFKLPEDW VDXYDGHYHQLPDLEXQ 

(D vL VXJHUHD]  FHO PXOW GLIHULWH PDQLHUH GH D úL DQDOL]D SURSULD PXQF  SH FHLODO L úL vQWUHDJD
-
societate".
6 0RVFRYLFL ILLQG ILGHO SULQFLSLXOXL FRQWH[WXDOLW LL QX úL D SHUPLV V  VH FRQVLGHUH XQ
-
profet saX GH LQ WRUXO XQXL DGHY U SH FDUH V -O LPSXQ  FHORUODO L 1X VXQW GHFkW XQ FHUFHW WRU FDUH

WUHEXLH V -úL IDF  GDWRULD SULQ SURSULD VD PXQF  úL SULQ IRORVXO SH FDUH vO DGXFH DOWRU FHUFHW WRUL úL

VWXGHQ LORU

§ 2.3. Pattern-XOVFKLPE ULL

"În teatru, în dramD IUDQFH]  ILHFDUH VFHQ  HVWH PDUFDW  GH LQWUDUHD VDX LHúLUHD XQXL SHUVRQDM

&X ILHFDUH LQWUDUH úL LHúLUH VH GH]YROW  XQ SXQFW GH YHGHUH DF LXQL VXFFHVLYH LQWHUYLQ úL VH

FRPSOHWHD]  LGHL GHMD VXJHUDWH VXQW DG XJDWH VDX vQGHS UWDWH 5DSRUWXULOH vQWUH SH rsonaje se
VFKLPE VHIRUPHD] VDXVHUXSOHJ WXUL/DIHOVHvQWkPSO FXLQWUDUHDVDXFXLHúLUHDXQHLQRL ULD

XQHL QRL WUDGL LL GH FHUFHWDUH VDX GH FXOWXU  vQ YLD D XQHL úWLLQ H 1X PDL DYHP LPSUHVLD F 

VHPQLILFD LD DFHVWHL úWLLQ H VH J VHúWH GRDU vQ WUDGL LLOH H[LVWHQWH GH DFXP vQDLQWH UHFXQRDúWHP

LPSRUWDQ DSHFDUHDRE LQXW -o pattern-XOVFKLPE ULL)LUHúWH FDSDFLWDWHDGHDOXDvQFRQVLGHUDUHGH

a aprecia non-IDPLOLDUXO QRLOH DSDUL LL SH WHUHQXO FHUFHW ULL H R SUREOHP  vQ vQWUHJLPH SHUVRQDO 
iQWHULRDU úLFDUHQXVHvQYD 'DUvLSXWHPDMXWDSHRDPHQLV vQ HOHDJ FHHDFHOHSURYRDF VSLULWXO
FULWHULLOHGHMXGHFDW FDUHFHUUHDF LLQRLúLQRLUHOD LLGHPXQF 

,QIHUQXO HVWH FHO ODOW D VSXV 6DUWUH ,QIHUQXO H LQFDSDFLWDWHD GH D VF SD GH YL] iunea pe care
FHLODO L QH R SURSXQ DVXSUD QRDVWU  vQúLQH ùL LQIHUQXO H GH DVHPHQHD LQFDSDFLWDWHD GH D IL
-
LQGHSHQGHQWID GHFHLODO LQHSXWLQ DORUGHDQHYHGHDDúDFXPQHYHGHPQRLvQúLQH

§ 2.4. Sarcinile psihologiei sociale

60RVFRYLFLHQXPHU SDWUXVDUFLQLVSHFLILFHSHQWUXSVLKRORJLDVRFLDO 

1) 3VLKRORJLL VRFLDOH GLQ 9HVW V -L DMXWH SH FHL GLQ (VW 'HFL V  SUHOXQJHDVF  DFWLY úL

GHOLEHUDWPXQFDGHHGLILFDUHDúWLLQ HLvQFHSXW FXGHDQLvQXUP ùLQXYRUEHVFGHVSUH

contracte, schimburi de idHL VDX GHVSUH IRUPDUHD VWXGHQ LORU &L GHVSUH DMXWRUXO QHFHVDU
SHQWUX DFUHD ODERUDWRDUHFHQWUH GH FHUFHWDUH UHYLVWH SHQWUX  KU QL R YLD  úWLLQ LILF  QRX 

úLYDULDW $UILIUXPRVGDF WLQHUHOHJHQHUD LLV DUDQJDMDvQDFHDVW DF LXQHGHSLRQLHUDWúL

-
aUILVWUkQVOHJDWHGHHDFDúL HOXOORUFRPXQ
2) &RQVDFUDUHD HQHUJLLORU úL LQWHUHVHORU QRDVWUH SHQWUX vQ HOHJHUHD QRLORU SUREOHPH HXURSHQH

DOH(XURSHL ODDFHODúLQLYHOFXDOWHúWLLQ HXPDQLVWH2VSXQFXIHUPLWDWH GDF QXRIDFHP

SR]L LD QRDVWU  SH KDUWD úWLLQ LILF  YD VXIHUL úL PDUJLQDOL]DUHD QRDVWU  H VLQJXU  9RU IL GLQ

FH vQ FH PDL SX LQL FHUFHW WRUL FDUH V  VH SUHRFXSH GH FHHD FH VH vQWkPSO  vQ SVLKRORJLD

VRFLDO úLFDUHV FDXWHV GLDORJKH]HFXQRL1XHWLPSXOV QHFRQVDFU PXQHLLQWURVSHF LL

meWRGRORJLFHV VSHFXO PSHWHPHLGLRVLQFUDVLLORUúWLLQ LILFHPLQXVFXOHFDvQDOWHWLPSXUL

QRUPDOH 3HQWUX QXPHURDVH PRWLYH « YLLWRUXO PDMRULW LL úWLLQ HORU XPDQLVWH VH MRDF 

SDUDGR[DO vQ (XURSD GH (VW 7UHEXLH V  FRRSHU P úL V  ILP OHJD L GH HOH ELQHF uvântând
 DFHDVW  SRVLELOLWDWH ) U  QLFL R H]LWDUH DILUP F  vQ DFHVWH UL H[LVW  R SHSLQLHU  GH QRL

WDOHQWHFDUHSRWV VHVLPW DWUDVHGHGRPHQLXOQRVWUX$FHVWDYDILORFXOXQGHYRUILWHVWDWH

WHRULLOHQRDVWUHúLPHWRGHOHGHWUDWDUHDQRXOXLúLQHFXQRV cutului.
3) $ WUHLD VDUFLQ  SULYHúWH PDQLHUD QRDVWU  GH D DERUGD UHDOLWDWHD VRFLDO  3HQWUX LOXVWUDUHD

DILUPD LLORU PHOH V  QH vQWRDUFHP R FOLS  VSUH HFRQRPLH 'H -a lungul ultimilor ani, au
DS UXWvQGRLHOLSULYLWRDUHODYDORDUHDUDILQDPHQWXOXLFRQWLQXXDOQR LXQLORUPDWHPDWLFHúLOD

UH]ROYDUHD SUREOHPHORU SXU DEVWUDFWH $VWIHO vQFkW úWLLQ HOH HFRQRPLFH V DX vQGHS UWDW GH -
OXPHD UHDO  úL GH FRQGXLWD DIDFHULORU vQ WLPS FHúRPDMXO úL V U FLD VH U VSkQGHVF SHVWH WRW

LDU SU SDVWLD vQWUH FHL ERJD L úL FHL V UDFL VH DGkQFHúWH 'XS  S UHUHD OXL 6 0RVFRYLFL QH

DIO P vQ ID D XQHL GLOHPH DVHP Q WRDUH 3UHD DGHVHD XWLOL] P QR LXQL úL LSRVWD]H FX R

VHPQLILFD LHUHVWUkQV SUHDVLPSOHúLI U OHJ WXU FXVLWXD LLOHFRQFUHWH6 -au nu le folosim

SHQWUX vPERJ LUHD vQWU -o mDQLHU  LPDJLQDWLY  D JDPHL IHQRPHQHORU FDUH VH VFKLPE 

UHSHGH úL vQ QXPHURDVH GLUHF LL $P SXWH FUHGH F  DWLWXGLQHD QRDVWU  ID  GH SUREOHPHOH

OXPLL UHDOH FRQWLQX  V  ILH DPELJX  ùL F  QX OH OHJ P GH DFWLYLWDWHD QRDVWU  úWLLQ LILF 

$FHDVWD FUHHD]  R ILVXU  FDUH QX VH VHSDU  GRDU GH VRFLHWDWH FL GH WRDWH FHOHODOWH úWLLQ H

umane.
7UHEXLHV UHQXQ PGLQDFHDVW FDX] ODPXQFDUHDOL]DW "%LQHvQ HOHVF QX'DUPXOWH

OXFUXULVXQWSHFDOHGHDVHVFKLPEDvQ(XURSDúLvQ$PHULFDDWkWvQFHHDFHSULYHúWHPDQLH ra
vQFDUHOXFUHD] úWLLQ DFkWúLvQFHHDFHSULYHúWHUROXOHLùLDFHDVWDYDLPSXQHRGHVFKLGHUH

FDUH YD IDFH FD IURQWLHUHOH vQWUH SVLKRORJLD VRFLDO  SXU  úL SVLKRORJLD VRFLDO  DSOLFDW  vQWUH

SUREOHPHOHúWLLQ LILFHúLSUREOHPHOHVRFLDOHV ILHPDLSHU meabile.

&DUHHPRWLYXOVFKLPE ULL"

( PXQFD vQ FRPXQ FX FHOHODOWH úWLLQ H XPDQH 'H -a lungul ultimilor ani,
SVLKRORJLDVRFLDO QXDIRVWFRQVLGHUDW RUDPXU DSVLKRORJLHLÌQV HDHVWHSULQHVHQ D

VD R úWLLQ -SXQWH úL vQ YLLWRU H QHFHVDU V U PkQ  DúD ÌQ DFHDVW  FDOLWDWH vL YD UHYHQL

UROXO GH PRGHODUH úL DGRSWDUH D XQRU FULWHULL PDL DSURSLDWH GH FHOH H[LVWHQWH vQ

HFRQRPLH DQWURSRORJLH VDX OLQJYLVWLF  3HQWUX D IL vQ HOHDV  GH HOH úL SHQWUX D

FRPXQLFD PHUHX FX HOH FD úL FX DOWH FkPSXUL DGLDFHQWH GH cercetare. Am putea spune
F  FX FkW R DVWIHO GH FRPXQLFDUH VH YD GH]YROWD FX DWkW PDL SX LQ QH YRP VLP L

REOLJD L V  QH PXO XPLP FX XQ VWLO OLPLWDW GH QR LXQL úL FULWHULL $FHVWD HVWH DYDQWDMXO

XQHL úWLLQ H SXUH VDX KLEULGH HD P

- UHúWH XQLYHUVXO RS LXQLORU IHQRPHQRORJLFH úL

WHRUHWLFH(GHDMXQVV FLWLPLVWRULDSHQWUXDQHGDGHVHDPDF HSRFLOHFHOHPDLP UH H

ale disciplinei noastre au fost cele în care ea a profitata de acest avantaj. Mai mult
GHFkW DO L FHUFHW WRUL SRDWH DP FRQVLGHUDW F  GLVFLSOLQD QRDVWU  DSDU LQH VLPXOWDQ

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pag. 111 – 113).

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