Simple Expressions

おはようございます。= Good morning.

(おはよう is from はやい early. おはようございます is like "You are early.")
こんにちは。= Good afternoon./Hello. (Used in a daytime)
(こんにち = today, は is topic marker. こんにちは is a short of something like "How are you TODAY?")
こんばんは。 = Good evening.
(こんばん = this evening/tonight, こんばんは is like "How are you TONIGHT?")
では、また。= See you again. (では = well then, また = again)
じゃ、また。= See you again. (じゃ = casual of では)
じゃあ(ね)。= See you. (more casual)
Q: (お)げんきですか。(お = polite) = How are you?
A: ありがとうございます。げんきです。= Thank you. I'm fine.
("(お)げんきですか" is not used often, because "こんにちは" and "こんばんは" include "How are you?")
どうぞ。= Please. (Used when you offer something. ex. Here you are. Go ahead.)
すみません。= I'm sorry. Excuse me. Pardon?
ちょっとまってください。= Just a moment, please.
(ちょっと = a little, まってください = please wait)
Q: だいじょうぶですか。= OK?
A: だいじょうぶです。= OK
はい。= Yes.
いいえ。 = No.

hajimemashite
How do you do, Pleased to see you; To the person whom you meet for the first time
ohayoo gozaimasu
Good morning
konnichiwa
Good afternoon
konbanwa
Good evening
oyasumi nasai
Good night
ja mata
See you, Bye
mata ashita
See you tomorrow
sayoonara
Good-by
hisashiburi
Long time, no see
o-genki desu ka?
Are you fine?; It is often translated into "how are you", but it's not used to the people whom you
meet every day like English "how are you?", but to the people whom you meet after a long
time. Ohayoo, konnichiwa and atsui desu ne etc. are used to the people whom you meet every
day.
atsui desu ne
It's hot, isn't it?; These expressions on weather are used as daily greetings, like English "How
are you?".
samui desu ne
 It's cold, isn't it?
ii tenki desu ne
It is a fine day, isn't it?
gomennasai
I'm sorry; Casual expression of apology
 sumimasen
Excuse me, Sorry; In daily conversation, suimasen is overwhelming often used and it is also
used as a light apology. The polite form is Sumimasen.
itte kimasu
Said when you go out. (lit. Go and come back)
itterasshai
Reply to itte kimasu
tadaima
When you return your home or office.
okaerinasai
Reply to tadaima
o-saki ni shitsurei shimasu
When you leave office earlier than others.
otsukaresama deshita
1) Reply to o-saki ni shitsurei shimasu
2) When you finished something which you did with others such as a meeting.
o-saki ni doozo
Go ahead
ki o tsukete
lit. "be careful", To the person who will go to travel like "Have a nice trip" in English.
omedetoo gozaimasu
Congratulations
ki ni shinaide
Don't mention it
doozo o-hairi kudasai
Please come in
doozo o-kake kudasai
Please have a seat
doozo o-suwari kudasai
Please sit down, Please have a seat
Ganbatte!
Good Luck!, do your best, try hard

http://expatsguide.jp/features/everyday-life/if-youre-asked-to-a-japanese-wedding/