Easy English for Daily Communications

Easy English for daily communications

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any part may take place without the written permission of the authour.
First Published 2014.
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 Contents

Introductions and Greetings

Introductions.......................................................................................... 1
Greetings............................................................................................... 2
Talking to Strangers.............................................................................. 3

Starting Conversation
Some Conversation Opening Sentences…………………….……..... 4
Some Conversation Closing Sentences . ........................................... 5
Useful Expressions for Agreement and Disagreement
Expressing Agreement and Disagreement.. . ......................................... 7
Partial and Constructive Disagreement... .............................................. 8
Cancelling an Appointment ................................................................ 10

English Grammar
Do vs. Make.. . ...................................................................................... 11
Useful Expressions for Expressing your Opinion............................... 13
Fun Informal ways to say Goodbye in English. .................................. 14
How to say Goodbye... ......................................................................... 16
Likes and Dislikes... ............................................................................. 22
Useful Expressions for making Suggestions………………..……… . 24

Offers, Gratitude, Apologies and Requests

How to offer something ……………………………………………. . 25
How to express Gratitude……………………………………………. 26
How to apologise……………………………………….……………. 27
How to make a request………………………………………………. 28
Asking Permission………………………………………………….... 29
Saying Yes or No……………………………………………….…… 30
Using Verbs to describe the weather……………………….……....... 31
General Vocabulary for Work and Working Conditions…....……….. 35
Fields or Careers …………………………………………………….. 36
Shapes ……………….……………………………………………. ... 37
 Introductions and Greetings

By the end of this lecture you will have a clear idea of how to introduce yourself or another
person and how to greet people both in friendly informal situations and formal business
situations.

How to introduce yourself

Informal
Hi. I am ...
Hello. My name is ...

Formal
Hello. I don't think we have met. Let me introduce myself. My name is ...
Good morning/afternoon/evening. Allow me to introduce myself. My name is ...

How to introduce someone else

Informal
This is my friend, Sue.

Formal
May I introduce my colleague, Sue Halen?
Allow me to introduce my colleague, Sue Halen.
I would like you to meet my colleague, Sue Halen.

What to say after introductions

Informal
Hi Sue. Nice to meet you. Nice to meet you too.
Hello Sue. I am happy to meet you. Lovely to meet you too.

Formal
How do you do, Ms Halen. How do you do.
It’s a pleasure to meet you, Ms Halen I’m very pleased to meet you too.

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 How to greet someone we know

Informal
Hi Sue. How are you? Fine thanks. And you?
Hello Sue. How are you doing? Great, thanks. How about you?

Formal
The phrases, “Good morning,” “Good evening,” “Good afternoon,” “How do you
do?” “How are you?” are the usual forms employed. Sometimes the name of the
person addressed is added, thus: “Good morning, Mrs. Smith.”

Good morning Ms Halen. How are you today? I am very well, thank you. And you?
Hello Ms Halen. It's nice to see you again. And you.

How to say goodbye to people

Informal

I must go. Catch you later. See you later. Bye.

I will be off now. Speak to you later. Sure. Take care.

Formal

Goodbye. It has been a pleasure meeting you. The pleasure is mine. I hope to see you
again soon.

I must be on my way. It was nice seeing you again. Likewise. I look forward to seeing
you again soon.

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 Talking to Strangers

There are many opportunities to talk with strangers. If you are waiting for a bus, or
if you are waiting in line, strangers start talking to each other. Another
opportunity is if you are on a ferry or in the park sitting on a bench. Basically,
opportunities can come everywhere. You should practice this section if you
want to talk with different people. Talking to strangers requires a lot of small talk.
For now, we will cover things like talking about where you came from.

If you look like a tourist, some people will ask where you are from. This is just a way
to get to know strangers. Here are some questions you might hear.

"Are you visiting from somewhere?"

"Yes. I'm visiting from Korea."

"Are you on vacation here?"

"Yes. I'm taking a vacation from Korea."

It's very common for strangers to talk to each other if you are at a tourist loca-
tion. For example, if you are at Disney Land and you are sitting down, someone
next to you might ask some questions assuming you are visiting from somewhere.

"How are you enjoying your vacation?"

"I'm having a great time. How about you?"

"It's pretty fun here. Are you having a good time?"

"This is a great place. I'm having a lot of fun. Are you having fun?"

"Are you here with your family?"

"I'm here with my wife and two kids. They are so excited to be here."

"My kids love this place. This is our third time here.
Have you been here before?"
"This is my first time here. I always wanted to come and I'm hav-
ing a great time."

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 Starting a Conversation

The best time to start a conversation is when you are next to someone who is not moving.
You can't start talking to someone walking away from you. Then you are bothering them
by making them stop. But if you are sitting down on a bench and someone is next to
you, or you are at a beach and someone is close by, you can start a conversation
by saying something generic. Here are some conversation starting sentences. But
after you make your first sentence, you should see by their reaction if they want
to continue the conversation or not. If they appear a little rude, then stop talking
to them. You don't have to say anything to stop talking. They don't expect you to.
They expect you not to say another word. But if they ask a question back, and they
seem friendly, then you can continue with the conversation.

Some conversation opening sentences

''Beautiful day isn't it?''
''Terrible weather, don’t you think so?''
"The weather is so nice today. Are you from around here?"
''I wonder if you can do me a favor.''
''You look familiar to me, aren’t you?''
''Eccuse me, haven’t we met somewhere before?''
''Excuse me is this seat taken?''
''Excuse me could you tell me the time?''
''Excuse me is this the way to the library?''
''Sorry, I couldn’t help overhearing-did you mention something about…?''
''Er, do you have a minute? I’m not quite sure what this word means?''
"How is your day going so far?"
"There are a lot of people out here today. Is this normal?"

An easy way to start talking is when you notice something such as their
kids, family, or a dog they might be with.

"Are you here with your family?"

"Are you on vacation?"
"Are those your kids? They're so cute?"
"What kind of dog is that?"

It's much easier if they start the conversation. If they make a comment or ask
a question, then you know that they would like to talk.

Finally, it's common for these types of conversation to last only a couple
of minutes. So don't feel bad or feel pressured to keep the conversation alive.

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Some conversation closing sentences

It was nice talking to you.

It was nice to see you again.
It was great seeing you.
See you again sometime.
Have a good day/a nice weekend/trip.
How nice of you, thanks very much.
I’m afraid I have to get back to my office. I’m expecting a phone call.
Well, thanks for talking to us today.

A: "It's a nice day."

B: "Yes. It is a beautiful day."
A: "Do you live around here or are you visiting?"
B: "I am on vacation from Korea."
A: "That's cool. Are you having a good time?"
B: "Yes. There are many things to see and I'm taking a lot of pictures. Do you live
in this city?"
A: "Yeah. I'm just here with my kids. They wanted to come to the park today."
B: "What's a good place to visit in this city?"
A: "Where have you been so far?"
B: "This was my first stop. I was going to look at my maps."
A: "I recommend going to the water front in downtown. They have a ferry you can
ride, some good restaurants, and a good beach for a walk."
B: "How do I get there from here?"
A: "You see Jackson street over there? Go straight for 10 blocks. When you see 5th
Avenue, turn left. Follow the street for about 3 miles and you should see it."
B: "Thanks. I'll go check it out. It was nice talking to you."
A: "It was nice meeting you. Have a good time."

A: "Are there so many people here all the time?"

B: "I'm not sure. This is my first time here."
A: "Me too. I think this is a great place."
B: "Yeah. I think so too."
A: "Where are you from?"
B: "I'm visiting from Cleveland, Ohio. How about you?"
A: "I'm from Seoul, Korea."
B: "How long are you visiting for?"

5
A: "For 2 weeks. I went to San Francisco and Los Angeles. I want to see the
Grand Canyon before I go. I'll probably visit Grand Canyon on Monday."
B: "Ah, looks like you are having a great time."
A: "Yes I am. How long are you visiting for?"
B: "I am only here for the three days. My kids have been wanting to come to
Disneyland for a long time."
A: "That's great."
B: "Oh. My family is waiting for me. I hope you enjoy your stay in America."
A: "Thank you. It was nice meeting you."

A: "That's such a cute dog. What kind is it?" Cocker Spaniel

B: "He's a cocker spaniel."

A: "I have a terrier at home. What's his name?"
B: "His name is Buffy."
A: "Hi Buffy. You're so cute. Do you come here for a walk often?"
B: "About 3 times a week. It's a good walk and Buffy likes it too." Terrier
A: "It’s a great place for a walk. I wish I had a trail like this at home."
B: "Where are you from ?"
A: "I'm visiting from Korea. I live in the city so there aren't many places like
this."
B: "I guess that's one thing good about suburban life."
A: "I wouldn't mind the slower pace of life. I am always in a hurry. That's why I
wanted to come and relax."
B: "That's good. How long are you staying for?"
A: "I'm here for about three weeks. Oh, it looks like Buffy wants to go."
B: "Yeah. Well, it was nice meeting you. I hope you have a good time here."
A: "Thanks. It was nice talking to you."

6
 Useful Expressions for Agreement and
Disagreement

We use these words and phrases to agree with someone else’s point
of view:

Expressing Agreement

r
1-I agree entirely. In"taI@ li
2-I could not agree with you more.
3-You can say that again.
4-I will say.
5-That’s it.
6-You are right.
7-Why not.
8-Sure.
9-That’s just what I think.
10-You said it.

We use these words and phrases to disagree with someone else’s point
of view:

Expressing Disagreement

1-That’s not entirely true.

2-I’m afraid I have to disagree.
3-I wouldn’t say so.
4-I could not agree with you less.
5-No way.
6-It’s out of the question.
7-I am not sure I can agree.
8-Are you absolutely sure? %{b.s@"lu:t.li
9-I wonder if there’s a mistake. "wVn.d|@r

7
 Expressing Agreement or Disagreement

It s challenging to figure out how to say what you want to say without sounding
harsh, offending someone, or creating bad feelings. Most of us have never been
taught how to express agreement or disagreement in a positive way. In fact, often,
we learn early on that it is best not to disagree with others.The following phrases
may help you state an agreement or disagreement in a more proper way.

Expressing Agreement

1.The point you made about “…” is excellent. I’d like to add that…
2.I agree with your comment about “…”. What do you think about…?
3.I’m with you on that point. What I still wonder about is….
4.I think what you’re saying about… is so right. What would happen though if…?
5.Yes, and in fact…
6.Yes, and what is more…
7.Absolutely. Actually, I would go further, and say…

Partial Agreement
1.I agree with……, but what about ...?
2.That’s a good point, but in my opinion…
3.That could apply in some situations, but what about when…?
4.I understand your point about…, but I don’t understand…
5.It’s certainly true that…, but on the other hand…
6.I can see that..., but I think it’s also important to consider…
7.That makes sense, but could it also be true that…
8.I’d agree with you if..., but not if…
9.I see what you mean with…, but I also think we need to consider…

8
 Constructive Disagreement

1.I can appreciate your point about…, but I would disagree because…
2.That’s interesting, however, from my point of view...
3.That may be the case, but in my experience…
4.I’m afraid I can’t agree with… because …
5.I disagree. What about the situations where…?
6.I don’t think that’s the case because …
7.I’m not so sure about that because…
8.I don’t think your point about…necessarily follows because…
9.I don’t really see it that way because…

Things to Avoid

1. Avoid using words like never and always.

This type of language can easily lead to arguments about the wrong thing, and take a
discussion completely off track.

2. Avoid expressing disagreement without explaining why or supporting your point. In

a discussion, if you are going to disagree, it is only fair to explain why you disagree.

3. Avoid criticizing the person who made the comment.

Everyone is entitled to their opinion. Just because someone thinks differently doesn’t make
them better or worse than you. Sticking to comments about ideas keeps the dialogue interest-
ing and avoid making it personal.

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 Cancelling an Appointment

It's really a common situation some times you have an appointment at a doctor or at work and
you have to cancel it. So we are going to learn some great language to help you to cancel an
appointment.

Phone Dialogue between Mary and John

Hello, John speaking

Hi John. This is Mary calling.
Oh,hi Mary, what’s up?
I’m just calling about our meeting today. I wonder, is it possible to reschedule our appointment in the
afternoon? I have a bit of an emergency that I need to take care of.
Let me see, it shouldn’t be too much of a problem.
I’m really sorry I hope it doesn’t inconvenience you too much, it’s just this thing came up.
Mary, you know what, I can’t make it to our meeting, either. Why don’t we postpone it to tomorrow
afternoon at the same time?
Sounds great. See you tomorrow.

Vocabulary Review
Reschedule: v. set a new time and date, re-plan for a specific time and date; make a new
timetable or agenda; rerecord in a timetable or itinerary

Inconvenience: v. cause discomfort, trouble, put out, disturb, to make things difficult or
uncomfortable

Postpone: v. put off to a later time, delay; defer, put off until later, stay

What's up
Meaning: What's going on | Hi!
Answer: Not much, Nothing much, Nothing.

Can't make it
Meaning: I cannot attend OR I can't come
This thing came up
Meaning: Way of giving reason or excuse for not coming.

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 English Grammar
Do vs. Make

When 'do' or 'make' are used as main verbs it can be confusing to ESL learners. The verb 'make'
goes with some words and the verb 'do' with other words.

Do
We use the verb 'do' when someone performs an action, activity or task.
do a crossword
do the ironing
do the laundry
do the washing
do the washing up

'Do' is often used when referring to work of any kind.

do your work
do homework
do housework
do your job

!Note - these activities do not usually produce a physical object.

'Do' for General Ideas
Use the verb 'do' when speaking about things in general. In other words, to describe an action
without saying exactly what the action is. This form is often used with the words 'something,
nothing, anything, everything, etc.'
I'm not doing anything today.
He does everything for his mother.
She's doing nothing.
Important Expressions with 'Do'
There are a number of standard expressions that take the verb 'do'. The best solution is to try to
learn them.
do badly
do business
do the dishes
do a favour
do good
do harm
do time - (to go to prison)
do well
do your best
do your hair
do your nails
do your worst

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Make
We use the verb 'make' for constructing, building or creating
make a dress
make food
make a cup of tea / coffee

'Make' is often used when referring to preparing food of any kind.

make a meal - breakfast / lunch / dinner

!Note - these activities usually create something that you can touch.
Important Expressions with 'Make'
There are a number of standard expressions that take the verb 'make'. The best solution is to try to
learn them.
make amends
make arrangements
make believe - (to pretend)
make a choice
make a comment
make a decision
make a difference
make an effort
make an enquiry
make an excuse
make a fool of yourself
make a fortune
make friends
make a fuss
make a journey
make love
make a mess
make a mistake
make money
make a move
make a noise
make a payment
make a phone call
make a plan
make a point
make a profit
make a promise
make a remark
make a sound
make a speech
make a suggestion
make time
make a visit
make your bed - (to prepare the bed for sleeping in)

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 Useful Expressions for Expressing Your Opinion

Here are basic phrases you should use when expressing an opinion in English:

1.I think /don’t think (appearance counts a great deal in job interview).
2.As to/for me, (I’m used to working long hours).
3.I assume (you know a great deal about marketing).
4.As Far As I am concerned, (working with figures is the last job I’d like to
take).
5.In my opinion, (being a teacher is worthwhile profession).
6.Personally, (I would say yes to your proposal).
7.To my mind, (working at a travel agency is fun).
8.From my point of view, (that would be the best solution).
9.You need to look your best at your interview.
10.I guess (competition is intense in the job market).

11.I suppose (you can’t study well if you’re doing a part-time job at the
same time).
Sometimes you want to show that you feel quite certain about your point of view.
You can express your opinion with these advanced phrases:
1-I am convinced that ...
2-I feel absolutely certain that ...is better than ...
3-I am quite certain about my opinion regarding ...
4-I’m quite convinced that ...

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 Fun, Informal Ways to Say Goodbye in English!

1. Cheerio: A funny and friendly way to say goodbye in English.

“I have to go home for dinner, cheerio!”

2. Toodle-OO: This is a very silly and funny way to say goodbye, you will make people
laugh by saying Toodle-oo!

“OK, see you soon, Toodle-OO!”

3. Toodle-pip: Another hilarious way to say goodbye in English. This is the funniest and

silliest one!

“OH NO. It’s late, I’d better go home, toodle-pip!”

4. See you later alligator: This is a funny way to say goodbye in English and is often used by
children, it also has a really fun rhyming response.

A: “I’m going home, see you later alligator!”

B: “In a while crocodile!”

5. Laters: A very cool and relaxed way to say goodbye to your friends in English.

A: “OK, see you tomorrow!”

B: “Laters!”

6. Catch you later: Another relaxed and very informal way of saying goodbye to somebody
when you know you will see them again soon. “Catch you later, man!”

7. Take care: Another way of saying goodbye to somebody that you care about.

A: “I’m going home now, Tony. Thanks for your help today!”
B: “No problem, take care and see you soon”
A: “Thanks, you too!”

8. Take it easy: A nice way to say goodbye to a friend who you care about, but when you
don’t want to show too much emotion. It means, don’t work too hard, enjoy your life.

“See you tomorrow, mate. Take it easy!”

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9. Bye for now: A more formal way of saying goodbye to somebody when you know that you
will see them again, but when you don’t know when.

A: OK, I’d better go, the last train leaves in 5 minutes. I’ll be back next month but I don’t
know exactly when.”
B: “OK, well have a great train ride and bye for now!”
A: “Yes, bye for now!”

10. I need to scoot: A fun way of saying I have to go! Not to be used in formal situations.
“OK it’s like so I need to scoot, toodle-oo and see you soon!”

15
How to …
…say goodbye

there are plenty of expressions in English you can use, other than just
goodbye, of course and we’ll look at some of the situations where they
might be appropriate.

Let’s take a trip to the pub, imagine Alex is with friends. It’s getting
late and Alex decides he wants to go home.

Example
Right then, I suppose it’s time I made a move!

It’s time I made a move is a way of saying it’s time for me to go. He
starts the sentence with right then.

Example
Right then, I suppose it’s time I made a move!

Right then is a way of getting attention and often signals that the
speaker is about to do something or make a suggestion… Right then,
it’s time to go! Right then! Let’s go shopping! There are several other
expressions you could use which also serve as a way of getting
attention, which you could use before you want to announce that
you’re leaving.

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Examples
Well, I suppose it’s time I made a move!
OK, I suppose it’s time we made a move!
All right guys, I suppose it’s time to make a move!

Well, OK, all right guys and anyway are all ways of signalling that
there is something you want to suggest or do – in this case, make a
move.

Examples
Well, I suppose it’s time I made a move!
OK, I suppose it’s time we made a move!
All right guys, I suppose it’s time to make a move!
Anyway, I suppose it’s time I made a move!

Instead of saying I suppose it’s time I made a move, you could make a
more definite statement telling everyone you’re going – I’m going to
make a move.

Examples
Right, I’m going to make a move! See you later!

I’m going to make a move! See you later!

See you later is an expression we hear very often when friends or col-
leagues say goodbye to each other, generally when they’re going to
see each other quite soon.

Examples
See you later guys!

You could of course be more specific about when you’ll see them.

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Examples
That’s me finished for the day. See you all tomorrow, everybody!
See you tonight!
Alright, well, I’ll see you on Monday.
See you at the party!

So we’ve explored the expressions it’s time I made a move and see you
later. Now read the next example. What expression does Callum use
to say he’s leaving?

Example
Right guys, I’m off, I’ll see you later!

I’m off, which is another, quite informal, way of saying you’re

going. Read some more examples.

Examples
Right, lovely to see you all – I’m off now, bye!
OK, I’m off! See you tomorrow!
Right, that’s me off, guys!

In that last example we also read that’s me off – a variation on I’m off.
Another thing you might do when saying goodbye is showing pleasure
at having see the person. You could use phrases like it’s been lovely to
see you or good to see you again.

Examples
It’s been lovely seeing you.
Right, lovely to see you all. I’m off now, bye!
Good to see you again!
Nice to see you!

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 If it’s someone you haven’t seen for a while, you could say it’s been
nice to catch up.

Examples
Well, I’m going to have to go but it’s been great to catch
up. Nice to catch up with you again and I’ll see you soon!

And it’s always nice to wish people a pleasant time.

Examples
Nice to see you, have a good night!
Bye James, have a good day!
All right, well, have a good weekend!

If you’ve been someone’s guest, it is of course normal to thank them.

Examples
Andrew, thanks, it’s been a lovely evening. Thank you very much but we must be
off, we have to catch a train… um, thanks again for a lovely evening!
Thanks it’s been a lovely evening, but I ought to think about heading home
soon. Thanks again for all that lovely food and you must come over to ours
some time!

It would be considered quite rude if you had had food or drink at

someone’s house and then just said good bye without thanking them
for it. So the kinds of phrases we read in those examples are always
useful to know – it’s been a lovely evening; thank you for the lovely
food; thank you for a lovely time, it was really nice. Another set of
expressions that you might find useful is language for leaving in a
hurry… you’re having coffee with a friend and suddenly realise you’ve
got to go, or you’ll miss your train. Read the phrases that come up in
these examples.

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Examples
I’m sorry, I’m gonna have to dash! I’ve just realised I’m gonna miss my train if I
don’t go now, but I’ll see you later - bye bye!
Yikes! Is that the time! I’ve gotta go!
I’m really sorry, but I’m gonna have to dash off to catch my train.
Sorry to have to leave so soon, but otherwise I’m gonna miss my train - must dash!
Cheerio!

So some of the key phrases we heard there were I must dash or I’m
going to have to dash – an informal way of saying you’re going to
have to leave quickly. We also heard I’ve gotta go! All the people
also apologised: I’m sorry to have to leave so soon; I’m sorry I’m
gonna have to dash.

Examples
I’m sorry, I’m gonna have to dash! I’ve just realised I’m gonna miss my train if
I don’t go now, but I’ll see you later - bye bye!
Yikes! Is that the time! I’ve gotta go!
I’m really sorry, but I’m gonna have to dash off to catch my train.
Sorry to have to leave so soon, but otherwise I’m gonna miss my train - must dash!
Cheerio!

And at the end there, we learned very light-hearted and English word
to say goodbye – Cheerio!

Example
Cheerio!

20
Giving Advice

There are a number of formulas used when Giving Advice in English. Here are some of the most
common:
• I don't think you should work so hard.
• You ought to work less.
• You ought not to work so hard.
• If I were you, I'd work less.
• If I were in your position, I'd work less.
• If I were in your shoes, I'd work less.
• You had better work less.
• You shouldn't work so hard.
• Whatever you do, don't work so hard.

Giving Warnings

There are a number of formulas used when Giving Warnings in English. Here are some of the most
common:
• Don't push so hard on that toy, or you might / will break it!
• Watch out! Be careful!
• Work hard otherwise you'll fail your exam.

Guessing

There are a number of ways to guess in English. Here are some of the most common phrases:

• I'd say he's about (ready) to quit his job.

• It might need some oil.
• He could be in the garden.
• It looks like a miniature motor.
• Perhaps he needs some time off work.
• Maybe they want to come and visit this summer.
• It's difficult to say, but I'd guess that it's used for cleaning house.
• I'm not really sure, but I think they enjoy hiking in the mountains.

21
 Likes and Dislikes

Likes

1-I like/Love (music).

2-I prefer (talk show) to (operas).
3- I’m interested in (movies).
4-I enjoy (net chatting).
5-My favorite sport is (swimming).
6-I think a lot of (Professor Sam’s lecture).
7-I am keen on (gardening).
8-I am crazy about/mad about (football).
9-I am fond of (reading).

Dislikes

1-I hate (being laughed by others).

2-I do not care of (KFC).
3-I don’t stand, bear/put up with (the heat).
4-I think a little of (fast food).
5-That’s last thing I need.
6-I am tired of (rainy days).
7-I am fed up with (your rudeness).
8-I am bored to death with (This kind of show).

22
 1. Expressing Likes

I love chocolate. I love playing football. I love _______________________________.

I like animals. I like dancing. I like __________________________________________.
I fancy you. I fancy reading. I fancy _________________________________________.
I enjoy foreign films. I enjoy running. I enjoy _________________________________.
I’m crazy about Beck. I’m crazy about skiing. I’m crazy about ____________________.
I’m mad about Brad Pitt. I’m mad about singing. I’m mad about __________________.
I’m keen on John. I’m keen on swimming. I’m keen on __________ _____________.
I’m fond of her. I’m fond of cycling. I’m fond of _____________________________.
_______________ is my favorite movie / actor / singer / book, etc.

2. Expressing Dislikes

I hate spiders. I hate writing essays. I hate_____________________________________.

I don’t like spinach. I don’t like being cold. I don’t like __________________________.
I don’t fancy her. I don’t fancy playing cards. I don’t fancy ______________________.
I can’t stand smoke. I can’t stand being late. I can’t stand _______________________.
I can’t bear lazy people. I can’t bear eating onions. I can’t bear _________________.
I can’t put up with Mike. I can’t put up with lying. I can’t put up with _____________.
I’m fed up with Jill. I’m fed up with wasting money. I’m fed up with ______________.
I’m sick of homework. I’m sick of going to the movies. I’m sick of _______________.
I’m tired of vegetables. I’m tired of being sick. I’m tired of _____________________.
___________________________________ makes me mad / angry.
________________________________________ drives me crazy.
_____________________________________________ annoys me.

3. Expressing Indifference

Do you mind if I open the window? I don’t mind.

Does it bother you if I smoke? It doesn’t bother me.
Do you want to go here or there? It doesn’t matter to me.
Which movie should we watch? It makes no difference to me.
Which book do you like more? It’s all the same to me.
What do you want for dinner? I don’t care.
Do you want this one or that one? I couldn’t care less.

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 Useful Expressions for Making Suggestion

The following English phrases and expressions are all used to make suggestions
and give advice to people.

Making suggestions:

1-Do not you think we should (take the dog for a walk)?
2- Shall we (get some dog food from that store)?
3-Why do not we (buy Johnny a pet for a gift)?
4-why do not you( leave your dog for your neighbor while you are on
holiday)?
5-Why not (feed the cat now)?
6-How about (buying some tropical fish)?
7-What about (building a hutch for the rabbit)?
8-You’d better (clean up the rabbit hutch).
9-If I were you I’d (go and buy a parrot in market).
10-Have you thought about (having dog for company)?

Accepting suggestions:

Yes, I’d like to.

Yes, I’d love to.
What a good idea!
Why not?
Yes, with pleasure.
Yes, I feel like taking a walk.
That sounds like a good idea.

Refusing suggestions:

No, let’s not.

No, I’d rather not.
I don’t feel like it.
I dislike going for a walk.
What an awful / bad idea!

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Offers
Gratitudes
Apololgies
Requests

How to offer something

Informal

Do you want a cup of tea ?

Fancy a cup of tea ?

Formal

Would you like a cup of tea ?

would you care for a cup of tea ?
May i get you a cup of tea ?

How to accept / refuse an offer

Informal

Yes, please.
No, thanks.
Yes, why not.
No, not at the moment thanks.

Formal
Yes, that would be lovely.
No, I am alright. Thank you.

Yes, I'd love one.

Thank you very much, but I've just had one.

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 How to express gratitude

Informal

Ta.
Cheers.
Thanks.
Thanks alot.

Formal

Thank you.
Thank you very much.
Much obliged.
Much obliged means that whatever was done is appreciated. If a man is given a ride into town,
when he gets out of the car, he might say "Much obliged." That would mean, "thank you for
the ride. I am appreciative." Literally, it could be extended to mean that the person that says
"Much obliged," now owes the other a favor. That the one that is obliged is under an obligation
to pay back.
I really appreciate it.

How you respond to expression of gradtitude

Informal

No problem.
Any time.

Formal
You're welcome.
Not at all.
Don't mention it.
My pleasure.

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 How to apologise

An apology is an expression of remorse for something you’ve done wrong,

and occasionally serves as a request for forgiveness, as well.

Informal

Sorry!
I am sorry.

Formal

I am terribly sorry.
I ( do ) apologise.

How to respond to an apology

Informal

That's OK.
No worries.
Never mind.

Formal

That's quite alright.

No need to apologise.
It doesn't matter at all.

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 How to make a request

Informal
Can I have the salt please?
Can you open the door please?
Open the door please, would you?

Formal
May I have the salt please?
Could I have the salt please?
Could you open the door please?
Would you kindly pass the salt please?
I would appreciate it if you could open the door please.

Note:
The use of 'can I' and 'can you ' in informal English to make a request or ask for permission
is grammatically wrong, because the correct use of the model verb 'can' is to express
'ability' . T hat's why in correct formal English, it's better to avoid 'can' for
requests and permissions. Use ' May I ' or ' Could I ' and ' Could you '.

How to respond to a request

Informal
Sure. Here you go.
Sure. Here it is.
Sure. I can / I will do that.

Formal
Of course. Here you are.
Certainly. I'd be happy / glad / delighted to.

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 Asking Permission

Can I ask you a question?

May I have a piece of cake?
Could I get you to turn off the lights?

Some other common phrases are:

Do you mind if I smoke?

Would you mind if I asked you something?

Is it okay if I sit here?

Would it be all right if I borrowed your lawn mower?

Giving Permission

Sure.
Go ahead.
No problem.

29
 Saying Yes or No

Can you fix my bike tire? It has a hole in it.

You bet , answered the voice on the other end.
You'll do it while I wait?
You bet said the voice, a second time.

There are many ways of saying "YES" in English.

Yeah, for example, is very informal. NEVER say Yeah in a job interview unless you want
somebody to show you where the door is. Yes is appropriate whenever you want to make a good
and positive impression.

Certainly is a very upbeat affirmative response. For example, you may ask a potential employer
the question, "Is it okay if I give you a call in a few weeks to see if you've received my resume?",
and the response "Certainly" would indicate that you are more than welcome to do so. It is a
green light.

Another popular way of saying Yes is "Of course". This is similar to certainly and
implies an enthusiastic answer in the affirmative.

So these are a few ways in which we can say Yes or No.

Formal

Of course I’am afraid not

Go right ahead No, I’m sorry
Absolutely Not really
Certainly Actually

Informal

Yeah,sure No way!
No problem Nope.
You bet Nah

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Using verbs to describe the weather

The sun is shining It's drizzling

It's raining (The rain is

The wind is blowing
falling.)

It's pouring (The rain is

It's hailing
pouring down.)

It's snowing (The snow is

It's thundering
falling.)

Using adjectives to describe the weather

Sweltering = It's sweltering. Freezing = It's freezing.

or It's a sweltering day. or It's a freezing day.

Warm = It's warm. or It's a Cold = It's cold. or It's

warm day. a cold day.

Sunny = It's sunny. or It's a Cloudy = It's cloudy. or

sunny day. It's a cloudy day.

Clear = It's clear. or It's a Stormy = It's stormy. or

clear day. It's a stormy day.

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 Misty = It's misty. or It's a Foggy = It's foggy. or
misty day. It's a foggy day.

Breezy = It's breezy. or It's Windy = It's windy. or

a breezy day It's a windy day.

Showery = It's showery. or Rainy = It's rainy. or It's

It's a showery day. a rainy day.

Frosty = It's frosty. or It's a Snowy = It's snowy. or

frosty day. It's a snowy day.

Icy = It's icy. or It's an icy Drizzly = It's drizzly. or

day. It's a drizzly day.

. Dry = It's dry. or It's a dry Wet = It's wet. or It's a

day. wet day.

Other things associated with the weather

sunshine lightning

puddles raindrops

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hailstones snowflakes

frost The weather forecast

flood drought

tidalwave tornado / twister

Atlantic / Eastern
Pacific = a hurricane

Northwest Pacific =
a typhoon
Rest of the world =
a cyclone

33
 Describing the Weather Generally

hot, scorching wet, miserable, damp

warm, mild, fine, dry dull, grey

cool, refreshing cold, chilly

How to ask about the weather.

 What's the weather like?

 What's the weather doing?
 Is it raining where you are?

A lot of nouns about the weather are uncountable, so we have to create or add a
counting word:-

Fog / Mist A wisp of mist / fog.

Hail A hailstone

Rain A drop of rain / A raindrop

Snow A snowflake
Sunshine A ray of sunshine
Wind A gust of wind

34
 General Vocabulary of Work
Working Conditions

Workplace Expenses
Salary Company car
Wages Full-time
Pay Part-time
Paid holidays Job-share
Retire
Retirement
Retirement age Allowance
Benefits
Pension
Tax
Promotion
Raise
Redundant
Laid off
Make some one redundant
Lay some one off
Redundancy
Lay-off
Fire
Sack
Dismiss
Resign
Quit

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 Fields or Careers

Accountancy Import and export

Accounting Insurance
Acting Interior design
Advertising Journalism
Agriculture Law
Architecture The leisure industry
The armed service Librarianship
Banking Manufacturing
Broadcasting Marketing
The building industry Mining
Catering Nursing
The car industry Painting and decorating
The church Pharmaceuticals
The civil service Politics
Dancing Publishing
The food industry Retail
The Health service Scientific
Engineering Research
Farming Social work
The film industry Teaching
Finanial services The theatre
Fishing Tourism
Graphic design Transport
The hotel industry Wholesale
Local government Computer industry

36
 Shapes

Learn the Shapes

There are two different ways of making sentences about shapes. You can use a
shape as a noun or as an adjective.

1. The roof of a house is shaped like a triangle (noun). The roof is triangular (adjective).
2. The clock on the wall is shaped like a circle. The clock is circular. (or The clock is round.)
3. The table in the room is shaped like a rectangle. The table is rectangular.
4. The necklace I wear is shaped like a heart. My necklace is heart-shaped.
5. The picture on the wall is shaped like a square. The picture is square.
6. The rock in the garden is shaped like an oval. The rock is oval.
7. The nose on the pumpkin is shaped like a star. The pumpkin's nose is star-shaped.
8. The ornament on the tree is shaped like a diamond. The ornament is diamond-shaped.
9.The stop sign on my street is shaped like an octagon. The sign is octagonal.

37
Simple Straight Sided Shapes

Rectangle

Square

Triangle

38
Simple Rounded Shapes

Circle

Oval

Types of Triangles

Equilateral
triangle

Isosceles
triangle

Right
angled
triangle

39
3D Shapes

Cone

Cube

Cylinder

Pyramid

Rectangular
Prism

Sphere

40
 Mathematical Shapes

Parallelogram

Pentagon
5 sides

Hexagon
6 sides

Octagon
8 sides

Complex Miscellaneous Shapes

Coffin

41
Petal Diamond

Shell
Heart

Star Kite

Teardrop

42
Easy English First Edition