AUTOMATIC VEHICLE ACCIDENT DETECTION AND MESSAGING SYSTEM USING

GSM AND GPS MODEM

HARDY F. BATALLA
JEROME ROSTUM T. DALUPANG
LEIZEL ANN P. FELICISIOMO
NIKO ANGELO S. TABANGIN
KAMILLE JOY P. TAMANU
 INTRODUCTION
Background of the Study
The number of vehicles have increased rapidly nowadays but the number of road
accident have also kept in pace with it. Road accidents are one of the major causes of
mortality around the world, [1] according to World Health Organization (WHO), over 1.24
Million die annually with 3,287 deaths a day, and 20-50 million annually sustained non-
fatal injuries caused by road accidents. Most of these accidents actually occur on the
roads outside the cities, and countries like Philippines that is composed mostly of rural
places. This type of accidents were sometimes discovered when the person in that vehicle
is dead. An important indicator of survival rates after an accident is the time between the
accident and dispatching of medical personnel, and every minute the rescue teams are
delayed, the survival rate of the victim decreases by 6%.
Amala James (2013) proposed an Accident Detection and Notification System
utilizing the capability of a GPS receiver to monitor the speed of a vehicle and detect an
accident basing on the monitored speed and send the location and time of the accident
from the GPS data processed by a microcontroller by using the GSM network to the Alert
Service Centre. This system can be integrated with different sensors to detect accidents
like alcohol, temperature and vibration sensors. Once any abnormalities detected, the
GSM will notify the authorities the location of the vehicle S.Swathi, S.Swetha and
P.Ramesh (2015).. The problem mostly of these type of system is that it only send the
coordinate of the location, and sometimes it causes false alarm because of the sensor
used.

To address the limitations of these system, we will develop an accident detection

and notification system using GPS and GSM modem. Instead of using only one type of
sensor we will use three different type of sensors in Accelerometer, Vibration Senor, and
Ultrasonic Ranging Sensor and a Micro electro mechanical system (MEMS) sensor these
will provide a more accurate decision in accident detection and prevent false alarm in the
system and instead of sending coordinates, we will send a worded address for easier
determining of accident location.

Objectives

This study aims to develop a vehicle accident detection and messaging system using
GPS and GSM module.

Specifically it aims to:

 Send the worded address of the accident instead of its coordinates

 Measure the response time of the system
 Test the reliability of the system
Significance of the Study

In a vehicle accident, in every second that the rescue team is delayed the chance of
survival of the patient decreases. This design is a system which can detect accidents in
significantly less time and sends the address and time of accident to emergency
personnel and authorities within a few seconds. Thus the system will help authorities and
rescue team respond immediately to save lives.

Review of Related Literature

Rashida Nazir, Ayesha Tariq, Sadia Murawwat, Sajjad Rabbani (July 2014),
designed a system that enables intelligent detection of an accident using two types of
sensor, the SONAR and vibration sensor, to detect accident. The SONAR act as alarm
system that detects any obstacle around the vehicle while the Vibration sensor detects
immerse vibration. In the study of Ms. Anju M. Vasdewani (2014), proposed a system
that addressed the problem of death due to delay of medical attention in a road accident.
He used a MEMS based accelerometer module as his sensor in accident detection. The
sensor is capable of measuring dynamic acceleration resulting due to shock, vibration or
sudden motion. It also provides static acceleration output resulting from earth’s
gravitational pull. When the acceleration (or deceleration) as measured by the MEMS
sensor and reported to the microcontroller goes above the threshold value, it will trigger
the microcontroller to send notification to authority. Both Varsha Goud (2012) and
C.Prabha, R.Sunitha R.Anitha (2014) implemented and used the MEMS based
accelerometer but added additional Vibration sensor to provide more accurate detection.
When the collision occurs the vibration sensor detects the collision automatically. He
incorporated a “panic switch” to terminate the alarm when false alarm occur. Carolina
Pinart et. al (2009), used accelerometer as the crash sensor because it is a low-cost
solution capable of detecting frontal, lateral and roll-over crashes. Acceleration sensors
are also used to interpret the severity of front and rear impacts by assessing four-wheeled
vehicle speed. He also recommended the use of other sensors like the pressure sensors
that react to side impacts by monitoring changes in air pressures, and Crash Impact
Sound Sensor (CCIS) which detect deformation being experienced. But these sensor
offer a disadvantage that both needed to be installed to a vehicle’s chassis.

Abdallah Kassem, Rabih Jabr, Ghady Salamouni, Ziad Khairallah Maalouf

(2008), develop a prototype of the Vehicle Black Box System VBBS that can be installed
into any vehicle all over the world. This prototype can be designed with minimum number
of circuits. The VBBS can contribute to constructing safer vehicles, improving the
treatment of crash victims, helping insurance companies with their vehicle crash
investigations, and enhancing road status in order to decrease the death rate. The system
is composed of different types of sensors and switches to detect accidents. The Sensors
are Speed Sensor which is used to detect the number of wheel turns per unit time, and
Water Sensor used to detect water when the two wires are connected through water
conductivity. The system is also composed of Switches like Accident Sensor, this sensor
is using push button switches that is placed to the chassis, and once the chassis is hit the
sensor is triggered. Belt sensor is used to detect the place of the seat belt during the
drive, the pushbutton is placed in the seatbelt that will be triggered when the seatbelt is
not placed by the driver. And Brake Sensor which is implemented underneath the brake
footstep.

S.Swathi, S.Swetha and P.Ramesh (2015), designed an effective alarm system

that can monitor a vehicle condition while traveling. The system is composed of a GPS
receiver, Microcontroller and a GSM Modem. GPS Receiver gets the location informa-
tion from satellites in the form of latitude and longitude. He interfaced different sensors
like alcohol, temperature and vibration sensor to detect any abnormalities. Once any
abnormalities detected, the GSM will notify the authorities the location of the vehicle. In
the case of Kashyap Joshi, and Gohil Vipul (2014), he added sensors that measure car
speed, change of lane, and distance from other cars to avoid accidents. The system will
send warning to the driver once one of the parameters are detected. According to him
these parameters may also cause accidents, thus a bump sensor was added, and notify
authorities of its location if accident occurs.

C.Prabha, R.Sunitha R.Anitha (2014), presented a different sensor that is not

used to detect any changes in the vehicle rather a sensor that detects changes in the
heart rates of the driver. The blood pressure either low or high is dangerous to health. If
there are any abnormalities in the heart rate like, if the heart rate goes below 60 or above
100, automatically the android mobile will send a signal to an Arduino microcontroller
which is connected to android mobile via Bluetooth. This Arduino microcontroller will
make an alert signal.
 METHODOLOGY

This system in a vehicle accident detection and notification system. This system consists
of a shock sensor, GPS, and GSM to detect car crash, find the location of the accident
and send a message to authorities indicating that an accident has occurred. This system
consists of two parts; the first part is the attached to the vehicle while the second is located
at base a station.
BLOCK DIAGRAM

The system consists of a Microcontroller which is connected to sensors, Global

Positioning System (GPS), GSM, and GPRS. The sensors are vibration sensor and
accelerometer, its output will be continuously monitored by the microcomputer. In the
event of car crash, the sensor will detect the vehicle impact. The microcontroller will poll
the GPS receiver to collect the location coordinates. The microcontroller will send these
data to the internet server through GPRS to reverse geocode the coordinate which will
be converted into an address. These address gathered from the internet will be directed
to the microcomputer, the microcomputer will poll the GSM to send the address to mobile
phones owned by authorities and families.

PROCEDURE

We will develop a vehicle accident detection and notification with integrated

Sensors, GPS, GSM and GPRS modules. With accelerometer as our main sensor, we
will add vibration sensor and ultrasonic to provide more accurate decision and minimize
false alarm. The GPS is interfaced to determine the location of the accident, with GPRS
providing internet connection and GSM to send the data to mobile phones owned by
authorities.
We are to determine the reaction time and reliability of the system, and to achieve
this we will be adjusting the sensitivity of the sensor to detect accident that can be
actuated by a simple tap. The system will be tested by tapping and causing it to send a
message into one recipient, and repeat this until 10 tests is conducted. To determine its
reliability, we will check how many message is received by the recipient. And to test its
reaction time, the difference in time of the tapping and the receiving time is recorded. The
average of the recorded difference is the reaction time of the system.

TEST Message Received Time of Receiving

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