MARKING SCHEME

GEOGRAFI DESA KOTA

No. Jawaban Nilai

1. a) Area of countryside / agricultural land / sparsely populated area. 1
b) 1) 1960, 2) 2010 2
c) Ideas such as: Both are larger in 2030 than in 1950, Urban is much more in 2030 than it
was in 1950, Rural increased from about 1.8 billion in 1950 to 3 billion in 2030, Urban
3
increased from about 0.7 billion in 1950 to 5 billion in 2030 Reserve 1 mark for use of
statistics.
d) (iv) Differences such as: MEDC rural areas have less poverty, Details of differences in 4
housing structures, Less likely to have supplies of electricity in LEDCs / details of
differences in fuels used, Less likely to have running water in LEDCs, MEDCs will have
more schools, MEDCs will be more likely to have doctors/clinics in rural areas, In LEDC
rural areas people work in agriculture, in MEDCs relatively few rural dwellers work on
farms, In LEDCs people will work in their village, in MEDCs they may commute,
Details of differences in transport provision/access etc.

2. a) An increasing proportion of people living in urban areas 1 mark (1) 1

b) 1) Afghanistan/Nepal/Thailand/Vietnam, 2
2) Argentina/Chile/Venezuela/Uruguay 2 @ 1 mark (2)
c) Ideas such as: Europe has more people living in urban areas than Africa, Europe
mainly 60% or over, Africa mainly below 60%, There are exceptions, e.g. Ireland
3
40–60% / Libya over 80% NB 1 mark reserved for use of statistics 3 @ 1 mark (3)
d) Ideas such as: There will be more countries with higher percentage of people
living in urban areas / in darker shaded areas on map, Especially in
Africa/Asia/or specific example of a country As rural to urban migration is still
taking place in LEDCs, Unlikely to be significant change in Europe/North 4
America/Australasia/or specific example of a country, As there is little rural to
urban migration Or possibly a decrease may occur due to counter-urbanisation
etc. NB 1 mark reserved for each of description/reasoning 4 @ 1 mark or
development (4)

3. a) 1) Public housing = houses built by local authority/municipality/available for 3

cheap rent etc.
2) Public transport = methods of transport that can be used by large numbers
of people / are available for anyone to use/buses, trains, trams, metro etc. If
examples are given at least 2 are needed for 1 mark
3) Ring road = a road that goes around an urban area / around the CBD /
enables traffic to pass through an urban area without going through the
centre etc. 3 @ 1 mark (3)

b) Candidates choose either urban regeneration or comprehensive redevelopment.

Urban regeneration :

1) Advantages such as: Lower-cost option, Therefore local taxation remains lower
Enables people to stay in their own communities
Within easy reach of CBD/for work or services (dev), So their children can keep 3
attending same school (dev), Improves environmental quality, Creates employment
etc.

2) Disadvantages such as: Long disruption from building work, Creates noise /dust
(dev), Traffic congestion in construction phase (dev), Practical difficulties of
upgrading old housing stock (could be argued that this may be more expensive than
building new houses)
 Comprehensive redevelopment: (a) Advantages such as: Completely fresh start /
opportunity to plan land use carefully Opportunity to plan to incorporate business
use to provide work (dev), And open space/leisure facilities/play areas (dev)
All homes built with required utilities/water/electricity supply, Practical advantage
of rebuilding in an empty area rather than working around existing buildings
/residents etc. (b) Disadvantages such as: High-cost option, People have to temporarily
move away from their community, And may not be able to afford new homes in area
once redeveloped, So they will have to live further from CBD/work etc. (dev), Thus
destroying communities/social fabric (dev), Modern homes of poor/cheap design
may soon fall into disrepair (dev) etc. Max. 3 marks on advantages/disadvantages 5 @ 1
mark or development (5)
4. (a) (i) Expansion of urban areas on surrounding rural land 1 mark (1)
(ii) Ideas such as:
On sign distances to city are getting smaller
New buildings/construction visible close to edge of city
Person’s comment suggests outward growth of city etc. 2 @ 1 mark (2)
(iii) Land uses such as:
Residential
Shopping malls/out-of-town retail parks
Industrial estates
Ring roads/motorways etc. 3 @ 1 mark (3)
(iv) Ideas such as:
Population will be growing more in some cities than others
As a result of economic growth/migration etc. (dev)
Relief will determine how far the city can spread
Flat land will present no obstacles (dev)
However, mountains/swamp/desert may limit expansion (dev)
Different town councils/municipalities may have different policies
Some have green belts preventing expansion (dev) etc. 4 @ 1 mark or development (4)
5. a. Built up area/town/city/populated area with many services and/or
developed infrastructure;

b. Ideas such as:

 bowling green/sports/football/cricket/rugby pitches/stadia;
 parks/gardens/picnic area/playgrounds;
 woodland;
 allotments;
 public squares;
 areas being redeveloped;
 cemeteries;
 lake/reservoir/pond;
 etc