International Communication and Information Politics

In democratic countries, power is governed by constitutional

provisions. In accordance with these provisions, citizens conduct
and communicate media messages. The identity of nations is also
dependent on the medium of communication , as they have the
ability to create , maintain and spoil friendly relations between
two countries . The modern communication medium is technology
based. On this basis, the whole world can be divided into two
parts. First- countries with advanced communication
technology , which are engaged in the expansion of imperialism
under information politics , and second- countries with
underdeveloped communication technology ,Who are opposed to
information politics and imperialism on the basis of their limited
resources. On the basis of the above division, it can be said that
the world is divided into two groups even at the present time. It
is different that the partition immediately after the Second World
War was political and the present division is based on
communication technology.

International communication: The concept of international

communication is associated with human civilization , as human
beings progressed towards development , they started trying to know
in terms of information and cultural activities of other
countries. As a result, the concept of international communication
originated. In the early era of the development of civilization,
'Deshatan' was the only medium of international
communication , under which citizens of one country used to form
groups and travel to another country by land route and meet the
citizens of each other through cultural activities. Used to be
familiar. After this , he returned home and narrated the travelogue
to the people of his society and gave information about the culture
of other countries.

Using technology in the field of international

communication 18 first UK has to maintain government control over
the power in its overseas colonies in the century. For this,
messages were exchanged with the help of a synchronous cable
line. However , it did not involve common people. Common people
used to work in international communication only through
'Deshatan'. Later, after the emergence and development of printing
technology, the work of international communication through books
started.
International Communication and News Committee: After the
development of print media, newspapers and magazines started being
used in the field of international communication. Correspondents
appointed at ports used to compile international news in
conversation with sailors and passengers. Lacked objectivity and
authenticity of such news , which led went felt the need to provide
for the compilation of news from trusted sources at a certain place
and publication , which led to news agency ( News Agency ) was born
envisaged. French citizen Charles housing called the father of
modern news committee , which was in 1825 in " News Bureau Named the
world's first news committee and appointed correspondents in the
capitals of European countries to compile the news. Initially the
accommodation was made available to its customers with the help of
specialized carrier or postal department. Later , wire was used for
this purpose. In 1840 the housing as a pilot project in
Paris , began the task of sending news via pigeons between London
and Brussels , which is a unique example of international
communication. This gave the ' News Bureau' immense
popularity. In 1848 , Charles' residence took 6 to 10 He started
sending news with the help of telescopy at a distance of a
kilometer. The same year a system of sending news from the
telegraph developed. In 1849 , two employees of the residence
independently formed the News Committee. The first of these was
Bernard Wolfe , who started a news committee
called ' Wolff ' . However , Bernard Wolfe started experimenting with
a stock exchange from Berlin a year ago under the title ' National
Jeitong ' . The second was - Julius Reuters of
Germany , who ' Reuters' Formed a news committee called. Julius
Reuters's news committee made full use of postal stations and
railways for news compilation and distribution.

News Committee emergence even in European countries , but not the

US insulated from its effects. In 1848 , some New York
newspapers formed a news committee called the ' Harbor News
Association' , which transmitted international news through
boats. In 1850 , the ' General News Association' was
formed. In 1857 , both were merged as ' National New York Associated
Press' . The committee entered into a trade agreement
with ' Housing' and ' Reuters' for news in Europe , Which
exemplifies the development of international
communication. However, this agreement did not last long. At the
same time a new news committee 'United Press Association' was
formed , which merged into a new news committee called 'United
Press International' in 1909 . The three news committees in Europe
- 'Housing' , ' Wolff' and 'Reuters' - decided to work
internationally. This gave impetus to the development and
expansion of the news committee as an international communication
medium.

International information flow: The world after World War II (1939–

1945 ) was divided into two factions on political grounds. One group
led the imperialist America and the other group led the communist
Soviet Union. Among them were some third world developing
countries like India , which were gradually becoming independent
from foreign colonies. Most of these countries were of weak
economic condition , which neither contributed to international
information flow nor could understand its importance. US Secretary
of State William Vance emphasized international information flow
in the interests of developed countries. The United Nations
(UNO) was also used for this.

Thus , the monopoly over the international information flow of

developed countries of the West, including the US, became
stronger. The developed countries wanted to feel through your News
committees , began making the same available information world. Due
to the one-way flow, the information of the developed countries
was forced to accept the information of the developing
countries. Information communicated by the news committees of
Western countries did not correspond to developing countries. In
this information, the negative side of the developing countries
was promoted prominently and the positive side was suppressed or
distorted. Third world developing countries soon understood the
information politics of developed countries and through
international forums started demanding for Bhanai world
information and communication system.

New World Information and Communication System (NWICO) : An

investigation into the history of international communication
shows that the main reason for the demand for new world information
and communication system was the unbalanced information flow by
developed countries. Apart from this, there were many others , due
to which the developing countries of the third world started
mobilizing against the developed countries of the first world. As-
1. After the Second World War, the emergence of new countries
from the break up of small empires.
2. The industrial and developed countries of Western relations
with the new countries , thereby increasing the economic and
political influence of Western countries.
3. U.S. And the U.S.S.R. Troubled by the aggressive influence
of the new countries to join the non-aligned countries.
4. International Organizations - UNO And the dominance of
developed countries in UNESCO.

Developing countries took up this issue prominently in

international conferences of the Non-Aligned Movement (G - 77 ) ,
the United Nations Association (UNO) and the United Nations
Educational Scientific Cultural
Organization ( UNESCO). The Fourth Conference of Non-Aligned
Countries held in Algeria ( 5–9 September 1975) called for a New World
Information and Communication System (NWICO) to promote
international communication. 75 member countries and 24 observer
countries and three guest countries attended this
conference . This issue was also discussed in the 1976 Tunis and
Colombo Conference.

UNESCO, being a major center of discussion based on international

communication system, tried to establish a new world information
and communication system ( NewCo). For this, the McBride
Commission was formed and organized the conference. In 1980 UNESCO
General session laid down the following guidelines for New World
Information and Communication System (NWICO) : -

1. To eliminate the imbalance in the existing communication

system.
2. To eliminate the negative effects
of monopolistic , public , private and highly centralized system.
3. To remove internal and external obstacles in the path of free
flow and expansion of ideas and information.
4. To increase the number of means and mediums of information.
5. Ensuring freedom of information and expression.
6. To ensure responsible freedom of journalists and people
connected with media.
7. To enhance the equipment and training to the developing
countries according to their capacity and to develop the
communication system according to the basic
facilities , requirements and objectives.
8. To inculcate the spirit of cooperation in the attainment of
these objectives in developed countries.
9. To respect each other's cultural identity and the right of
each country to inform the world about its wider social and
cultural interest.
10. To respect individual rights in the context of international
exchange of information.
11. To respect the right of every person to participate in the
information and communication system.
The new world information and communication system is the main
tool for the development of third world countries. Developing
countries are constantly trying for this.

McBride Commission: UNESCO since 1977 to set up an international

commission , headed by former Secretary of State Siyen McBride
Ireland. In addition to this world-renowned Canadian communicator
Marshall McLuhan , a total of 15 communications
experts , academics , journalism and broadcasting experts were
made , including Michio Nagai , Mustafa Masmudi , Moktar Lewis , Elbe
Ma Ekenjo, in this commission . The McBride Commission studied the
problem of free and balanced flow of information keeping the need
of developing countries in perspective of the new economy
and 82Made important suggestions. The McBride Commission ended
automatically after submitting its report.

In 1980 McBride commission 'world - the series' ( Many Voices One

World ) presented its study titled , went to which expressed concern
over imperialist and totalitarian domination of mass media in the
West. In this report UNESCO presented at the Belgrade
conference. Meanwhile, developed countries in the West refused to
accept the McBride Commission's suggestions. The McBride
Commission suggested that - 'Media should be used as tools of
social or economic policy'. Whereas Western countries argued that
- 'Media should determine its own purpose and the criteria for
implementation , not governments or international organizations'.

Belgrade had approved the proposals at the meeting , among them the
most important thing that has called upon all member countries to
their national communication capabilities to develop and
consider , taking into account the need to protect freedom of
expression and information communication Be part of the
development strategy of. At the same time, UNESCO was expected to
play a pivotal role in identifying and resolving problems in the
new field of information and communication. Despite this, no
decision was made to make any kind of international law. The United
States was the first to oppose international law in the context of
international communication and information flow, and it broke
away from UNESCO. Later Britain too started following the path of
America and it too fell apart.

Non-Aligned News Committee Pool : In July 1976 , the Conference of

Non-Aligned Countries was held in New Delhi , which expressed
concern over the imbalanced information flow during international
communication and passed a resolution after intensive deliberation
under the new world information and communication system. Non-
Aligned News Committee Pool was formed. Under this, news exchanges
were arranged between news committees of non-aligned
countries. India became the first president of this
pool from 1976 to 1979 . Its field of work extends to all the four
continents of the world - Asia , Eastern Europe , Africa and Latin
America. Four languages - English , French through the NAM
Pool, News began to be exchanged in Spanish and Arabic.

Operating the pool activities are carried out by an elected

body , the Coordination Committee is also called. The term of the
chairman of the pool is three years. The members of the
coordination committee are selected on the basis of regional
representation , continuity , active participation and order. News
Pool Desk Operations in India, Bhapress Trust of India ; It is done
by moonlight.

India's role: international communication sector per cent new

world information and establish communication (NWICO) and
development is an important part of India , because India Nuko
target acquisition and re-building principles , always to increase
defense further Has been trying 20 of UNESCO held in 1978 The
delegation of India, along with the Sri Lankan delegates, played
an important role in reducing the tension in the East-West
countries at the 21st Conference. It is also mentioned in the mass
media announcement. The goal of the new world information and
communication system is to provide a balanced flow of information
to harmonize international communication. To achieve this goal,
the Non-Aligned News Committee Pool was formed under the leadership
of India. Apart from this , a variety of programs are being
conducted by the Government of India at the Indian Institute of
Mass Communication in New Delhi for the purpose of training
representatives of developing countries.

Conclusion : Despite the above efforts, the dominance of

developed countries in the field of international communication
remains. A vivid example of this is misleading information
transmitted by American media during the Gulf and Afghanistan
War. By disseminating the actual information related to the war,
Bhalajjiraya exposed the American media when his studio was
attacked. In the Second Gulf War, the US imposed undeclared
censorship in a way,because the same information and news were
broadcast and published on American media,Which was in line with
the policies of American rule. On the contrary, those who tried to
broadcast or publish, tried very hard to suppress them with the
help of censors and weapons. It is clear from the above events
that the trend of political use of information in international
communication has increased. Due to this , free and fair flow of
information and news is being disrupted , while the right to receive
information is being violated.
The fairness , independence, and continuity of international
information flows depend on the interdependence of the
media. During international communication, the communication of
news media of one country and the information committee of another
country communicates to the media and news committee of another
country. For this, the compilation of information and news is
mandatory , the more it is passed on to the readers and audience. In
the current era of globalization, internationalization of media is
a threat to developing countries to lose their cultural
identity , as developed countries media products (Content that is
published and circulated in media). These are manufactured by the
exporting countries keeping in mind their cultural
environment. Importing countries are not able to make any changes
to it. Thus , there is a danger of losing their cultural identity
to the importing countries. At present, Western countries are
establishing cultural socialism indirectly through their media
product , which leads to the expansion of cultural socialism.

21 international communications in the current round of the century

has become an essential part of human life. There has been
continuous development in this direction for the last five
decades. In the present time, such a global situation has become
such that human beings are eager every moment to get information
about the latest events and information in the world , in which
modern media ( print , electronic and web) help. Due to these
communication mediums, due to the very easy international
communication, there seems to be free flow of information