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Quail Egg Farming Project Study PDF
Quail Egg Farming Project Study PDF
QUAIL FARMING
(40,000 Birds)
May,2009
Pre-feasibility Study Quail Farm (40,000 Birds)
TABLE OF CONTENT
7 PRODUCT............................................................................................................................ 15
10 TECHNOLOGY ................................................................................................................... 17
10.1 MACHINERY & EQUIPMENT REQUIREMENT ..................................................................... 17
10.2 MACHINERY SUPPLIERS .................................................................................................. 18
11 FINANCIAL FEASIBILITY................................................................................................ 18
11.1 PROJECT COST ............................................................................................................... 20
11.2 INCOME STATEMENT ...................................................................................................... 21
11.3 BALANCE SHEET ............................................................................................................ 22
11.4 CASH FLOW STATEMENT ................................................................................................ 23
12 KEY ASSUMPTIONS .......................................................................................................... 24
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Pre-feasibility Study Quail Farm (40,000 Birds)
DISCLAIMER
The purpose and scope of this information memorandum is to introduce the subject
matter and provide a general idea and information on the said area. All the material
included in this document is based on data/information gathered from various sources
and is based on certain assumptions. Although, due care and diligence has been taken
to compile this document, the contained information may vary due to any change in
any of the concerned factors, and the actual results may differ substantially from the
presented information. SMEDA does not assume any liability for any financial or
other loss resulting from this memorandum in consequence of undertaking this
activity. Therefore, the content of this memorandum should not be relied upon for
making any decision, investment or otherwise. The prospective user of this
memorandum is encouraged to carry out his/her own due diligence and gather any
information he/she considers necessary for making an informed decision.
The content of the information memorandum does not bind SMEDA in any legal or
other form.
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Pre-feasibility Study Quail Farm (40,000 Birds)
1. INTRODUCTION TO SMEDA
The Small and Medium Enterprise Development Authority (SMEDA) was
established with the objective to provide fresh impetus to the economy through the
launch of an aggressive SME support program. Since its inception in October 1998,
SMEDA had adopted a sectoral SME development approach. A few priority sectors
were selected on the criterion of SME presence. In depth research was conducted and
comprehensive development plans were formulated after identification of
impediments and retardants. The all-encompassing sectoral development strategy
involved recommending changes in the regulatory environment by taking into
consideration other important aspects including financial aspects, niche marketing,
technology up gradation and human resource development.
SMEDA has so far successfully formulated strategies for sectors including, fruits and
vegetables, marble and granite, gems and jewelry, marine fisheries, leather and
footwear, textiles, surgical instruments, urban transport and dairy. Whereas the task
of SME development at a broader scale still requires more coverage and enhanced
reach in terms of SMEDA’s areas of operation.
Along with the sectoral focus a broad spectrum of business development services is
also offered to the SMEs by SMEDA. These services include identification of viable
business opportunities for potential SME investors. In order to facilitate these
investors, SMEDA provides business guidance through its help desk services as well
as development of project specific documents. These documents consist of
information required to make well-researched investment decisions. Pre-feasibility
studies and business plan development are some of the services provided to enhance
the capacity of individual SMEs to exploit viable business opportunities in a better
way. This document is in the continuation of this effort to enable potential investors
to make well-informed investment decisions.
2 PROJECT PROFILE
2. 1 Project Brief
The quail farming is a project of livestock sector, in which, the day old chicks
(DOCs) are raised on high protein feed for a period of 28 days. Quail meat is the good
source of animal protein available in the country as compared to broiler. The time
required for rearing quail birds is lesser than that for large animals as well as broilers.
The consumption of white meat is increasing due to growing health consciousness in
the masses. Annually, 11 flocks of birds will be reared on the same premises of the
farm. Quails are sold to traders and the whole seller markets in the urban areas.
Quails meat is also sold directly to the hotels inside the country.
This unit will work for the production of quails. These birds are marked for meat
purpose to the common masses. The quail chicks will be purchased from private
hatchery. A flock of 40,000 commercial broiler chicks will be bought monthly,
10,000 DOCs per week. The chicks will be set in brooding on litter floor providing
specific requirement 7 days and then finishing phase from 21 days. The entire specific
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Pre-feasibility Study Quail Farm (40,000 Birds)
requirement will be met by temperature control, feeding and drinking system, which
will be monitored by the concerned staff. After marketing of broiler at 28th day of age
the quail house will be given 3 days for the preparation to receive the new flock.
During this week, proper cleaning, washing, white washing, disinfection and
fumigation will be performed prior to the arrival of the new flock. During flock
rearing, strict measures for bio-security will be observed at the unit.
In the last ten years, the little known Japanese quail [Coturnix Japanica] has been
introduced to the Pakistan as an alternative avian species in the progressing of poultry
industry to mitigate chronic protein deficiency among the Pakistani population. The
Japanese quails are now contributing to broiler and layer type commercial quails. An
exclusive quail market segment has lately been growing within the poultry meat
sector to cater to the quality conscious meat consumers. Now, quail meat is not only
regarded as a restaurant delicacy but is also consumed in quantity by the public due to
its affordable prices. Approximately, one out of every ten broiler chicken consumers
opts for quail.
Domesticated quails differ from wild Coturnix Japanica, which are protected under
the Wild Life (Protection) Act in Pakistan. The introduction of the Japanese quail has
opened a new path and an alternative for poultry farmers. Quail has also been
identified worldwide as a laboratory animal because of its salient characteristics that
include rapid growth, early sex maturity, short generation interval and prolificacy in
egg production.
2. 3 Preservation Methods
The shelf life of quail eggs and meat can be enhanced by preserving the products as
egg and meat packed in plastic pouches. Quail meat and eggs are easily perishable
due to their high water content and bacteria, moulds or yeasts cause spoilage,
supported by enzymes. The methods employed include deprivation of water and
sometimes oxygen, excess of salt, increased acidity or extreme cold or heat.
The modern quail meat will be welcomed as a meat variety of superior quality,
tenderness and flavor. Considering the changing demands of avian meat consumers,
1
www.medallaquailfarm.multiply.com
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Pre-feasibility Study Quail Farm (40,000 Birds)
the industry is striving to produce quails weighing 200 grams at marketing age (28
days). This modern variety of quail can be used for the production of cutlets, fingers,
noodles, soup powder and egg puff. It is not an exaggeration to state that quails will
occupy a considerable portion of the poultry market in the days to come.
2. 4 Opportunity Rationale
Broiler meat is the cheapest source of animal protein available in the country. The
time required for raising broiler birds is lesser than that for big animals. The
consumption of white meat is increasing due to growing health consciousness in the
masses.
According to the Agriculture Statistics of Pakistan the per capita consumption of
poultry meat is increasing at a rate of 4% per annum.
The existing daily availability of protein quantity per capita in Pakistan deriving from
animal source including beef, mutton, poultry and fish combined amounts to 11
grams. This is far less than the recommended daily dietary protein allowance from
animal source of 26 grams according to the World Health Organization standards.
Figure 2-1: Daily Protein Consumption
15
10
5
0
1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000
2. 6 Production Capacity
In this pre-feasibility study, all the calculations have been based on a flock size of
40,000 quails, with raising approximately 11 flocks per year. There will be a lag time
of 3 days for cleaning and fumigation of the farm.
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Pre-feasibility Study Quail Farm (40,000 Birds)
3. 1 Strengths
Quails have more immunity in their blood as compared to chicken therefore
viral disease cannot affect them. There are also very less chances of bacterial
diseases attack in them.
Vaccination is not needed and the drugs usually given to chickens do not have
to be added to quail feed or drinking water.
For meat production, the time is even shorter. In 28 days quail meat is ready
for market.
A quail egg is hatched in just 16 days and the hen is ready to lay eggs after 41
days.
Nutrition-wise, quail meat is a source of economical protein for malnourished
children. It fulfills 28% protein requirement which is much higher than
chicken which fulfills only 18% protein requirement.
Quail meat is dry meat so it contains 0% cholesterol in it. It has less fat and
fewer calories, forming an ideal food for health conscious consumers.
Quail eggs and meat are renowned for being rich in vitamins, essential amino
acids, unsaturated fatty acids and phospholipids, which are vital for human
physical and mental development. Quail meat and eggs can be included in the
diets of children, pregnant mothers and geriatric and convalescent patients.
Quails can be farmed easily as Indo-Pak environment is very suitable for
them.
11 flocks of quails are ready every year for market as compared to 6 flocks of
chicken per year.
Price of quail’s DOC & feed is lesser than price of chicken DOC & feed. Like
this its profitability ratio is higher than chicken.
3. 2 Weaknesses
Proper quail feed is not manufactured in Pakistan yet.
Quails mortality rate is higher than chicken.
Grand Parent technology is not introduced in Pakistan yet. It is required that
government should take measures in developing breed or help in import of it,
so that production could be increased & demand can be fulfilled inside the
country.
Quality quails should be produced for export purpose as quails which are
produced in Pakistan are of less weight i.e. 150 grams and for export purpose
quail weighing 250 to 300 grams is required.
Quail demand would be less in summer but its production increases in
summer.
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Pre-feasibility Study Quail Farm (40,000 Birds)
3. 3 Threats
The cost of production in Pakistan is comparatively high. The structure of the
industry is changing with many urban units moving to rural areas in an effort
to lower the cost of production while the rural sector is becoming more
commercial.
Seasonal variation in demand remains a major problem that makes the rate
fluctuation a normal process. In summer when there is less demand,
production of quail is higher & in winter demand is more and production is
less.
Political instability can affect the business and because of it could be closed
down.
3. 4 Opportunities
Government has provided following incentives to increase livestock and poultry
production in the country:
Regulatory measures include allowing import of high yielding animals, semen
and embryos for crossbreeding, expansion/improvement and modernization of
laboratory facilities to diagnose and treat livestock diseases; introduction of
mobile animal health service to provide diagnostic services at the door steps
of farmers, duty free import of veterinary dairy and livestock
machinery/equipment, not manufactured in the country.
Government has allowed import of Incubators, Brooders, Evaporation cooling
pads, cooling system, Grain storage silos for poultry, poultry equipments, milk
and meat processing machinery/equipment (not manufactured locally), at zero
percent custom duty. Private sector has imported milk and meat processing
machinery/equipment worth of Rs 285 million2 during July-March, 2007-08.
In order to reduce input costs in poultry production, poultry vaccines, feed
additives, coccidiostats, Growth promoters premixes, Vitamin premixes, Fish
feed, Zinc sulphate, Copper sulphate used in poultry feed has been zero-rated.
Sales tax exemption has been allowed to un-cooked poultry meat; processed
milk, yogurt, cheese flavored milk, and butter cream. In addition, poultry,
vaccines, feed additives and coccidiostats used in poultry feed manufacturing
have been allowed at zero percent custom duty.
It’s a daily kitchen item and in few areas in Pakistan like Multan, quail meat
and eggs are consumed on daily basis.
If Grand Parent breed’s technology is imported by the help of Government
than meeting demand inside the country and exports could be started easily.
2
Incentive to livestock promotion, Economic Survey 2007-2008
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Pre-feasibility Study Quail Farm (40,000 Birds)
4. 1 Global perspective
There has been an increasing pressure on the livestock sector to meet the growing
demand for high-value animal protein. The world’s livestock sector is growing at an
unprecedented rate and the driving force behind this enormous surge is a combination
of population growth, rising incomes and urbanization. Annual meat production is
projected to increase from 218 million tones in 1997-1999 to 376 million tones by
20303.
As diets become richer and more diverse, the high-value protein that the livestock
sector offers improves the nutrition of the vast majority of the world. Livestock
products not only provide high-value protein but are also important sources of a wide
range of essential micronutrients, in particular minerals such as iron and zinc, and
vitamins such as vitamin A. For the large majority of people in the world, particularly
in developing countries, livestock products remain a desired food for nutritional value
and taste. Table shows trends in per capita consumption of livestock meat in different
regions and country groups.
Table 4-1: Per capita consumption of live stock meat in different regions &
company group4
Regions Meat ( kg per year )
1964-1966 1997-1999 2030
World 24.2 36.4 45.3
Developing countries 10.2 25.5 36.7
Near east & north Africa 11.9 21.2 35.0
Sub- Saharan Africa* 9.9 9.4 13.4
Latin America & the Caribbean 31.7 53.8 76.6
East Asia 8.7 37.7 58.5
South Asia 3.9 5.3 11.7
Industrialized countries 61.5 88.2 100.1
Transition countries 42.5 46.2 60.7
* Excluding South Africa
In Spain there is a biggest quail farm producing 1.5 to 2.0 million birds daily. Most of
the demand of Quail birds comes from Middle East countries.
Poultry meat is supplied chiefly by chickens and turkeys, although quails, duck’s,
geese, guinea fowl etc & other fowl contributes therefore poultry meat is economical
and quick and easy to prepare and serve. Also it has a number of desirable nutritional
properties.
3
WHO, Global & regional food consumption pattern.
4
WHO, Global & regional food consumption pattern.
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Pre-feasibility Study Quail Farm (40,000 Birds)
Nutritionally people eat poultry meat for its high content of high quality protein and
its low fat content. Quail and chicken meat is slightly higher in protein and slightly
lower in fat than beef and other red meats. Additionally protein is rich source of al the
essential amino acids.
4. 2 Local perspective
Livestock accounts for 52.2 percent of agricultural value added, contributes 11
percent to GDP and affects the lives of 30 – 35 million people in rural areas6. It is
highly labour intensive and if proper attention is given to this sector, it will not only
absorb more rural workforce but also help alleviate rural poverty in Pakistan.
Realizing its importance to rural poverty reduction, the government has started giving
some attention only during the last two years. It is in this perspective that livestock
development policy and poultry development policy have been put in place.
Poultry sector is one of the most vibrant segments of agriculture sector of Pakistan.
This sector generates employment (direct/indirect) and income for about 1.5 million
people. Poultry meat contributes 19 percent of the total meat production in the
country. The current investment in Poultry Industry is about Rs 200 billion. Poultry
sector has shown a growth of 8-10 percent annually.7
More than 70 per cent production cost for poultry is incurred in feed prices. Poultry
feed prices have gone up by 22 per cent in 2007-2008. In coming days, it is expected
that feed prices would increase further. Wheat and rice are the two major poultry feed
ingredients. Wheat contributes about 50 per cent in the manufacturing of various
types of poultry feeds for layers, broilers and breeders while rice is the major
ingredient. Soybean constitutes 25 per cent of the poultry diet. Its price has increased
by 100 per cent in one year.8
The production of domestic/rural & commercial and rural poultry and products for
last three years is given below:
5
www.pakissan.com (poultry industry & poultry products- basic for good nutrition)
6
Economic Survey of Pakistan 2007-2008
7
Economic Survey of Pakistan 2007-2008
8
Economic Survey of Pakistan 2007-2008
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Pre-feasibility Study Quail Farm (40,000 Birds)
The government has allowed import of vaccines, feed additives and coccidiostats
used in poultry feed manufacturing at zero per cent customs duty but it is not sure that
these incentives would positively affect feed prices.
Though this industry is a source of food and employment for million of people, but is
facing a major impediments in its progress in the form of heat stress. Pakistan is a
tropical country and during summer the temperature reached up to 40oC. Even the
average temperature remains well beyond the higher side of thermo neutral zone for
the greater part of the year. Their business is also adversely affected for four long
months due to severe environment. During this period they have to either continue
their flock compromising with poor performance in feed intake, growth rate, weight
gain, FCR in broilers quails along with mortality or they have to totally close their
9
MINFAL (Livestock Wing)
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Pre-feasibility Study Quail Farm (40,000 Birds)
business to avoid all these risks. This situation creates severe shortage of poultry meat
which is the cheapest and easily available source of animal protein.
The generation line of broiler comes from pure line, which is imported. This produces
grand parents for parent stocks and parent stock end up in producing the final
product. The farmers get day old broiler quails from hatcheries. These hatcheries
maintain their breeder farms, or in some cases, purchase their hatching eggs from
breeder farms. These breeder farms depend on producers of parent stock.
Poultry feed mills are the major player in the poultry industry, which produce a
specific formula feed mix. Poultry feed consists of rich protein elements like grains,
gluten, blood meal, fishmeal and soybean meal. The major component of cost of
production of chicken meat accounts for feed cost.
The poultry meat production has showed a growing trend over the past few years after
a dip in 1997 due to the ban imposed on wedding dinners. The meat production trend
of chicken meat, beef and mutton from the year 1995-2006 is presented below.
Figure 4-1: Meat Production Trends10
1400
1200
1000
(000, Tons)
800
600
400
200
0
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
Beef Mutton Poultry Meat
The per capita poultry meat production stood at only 7 kg as compared with 41 kg in
the developed countries. The annual consumption of eggs, at 60-65 per head, was way
below the average for developed markets, which stood at over 300, meaning there
was still great scope for the home market to increase its consumption levels.11
10
Agricultural Statistics of Pakistan 2005-2006
11
Ministry of Fisheries and Livestock
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Pre-feasibility Study Quail Farm (40,000 Birds)
From last 30 yrs people are doing quail farming in Pakistan. They have also formed
an association named ‘All Pakistan Quail Breeder & Traders Association’. Quail
breeder company give imported breed to 50 poor families which are working as
breeders and take eggs from them, after that they either sell the eggs or DOCs in the
market or they process the DOC into adult quail and sell its meat in the market In
Pakistan 1.0 to 1.5 million quail farming is done in total out of which 0.4 to 0.5
million quail farming is done Lahore. There are about 3,000 quail farms in Pakistan
out of which 250 breeding and hatchery farms are in Lahore. DOCs is easily available
in market for Rs. 5 in summer and Rs. 6 in winters. Quail eggs are also easily
available in the market. There are lots of breeds of quail but the breeds which are
most popular in Pakistan are:
Coturnix Japanica (It gives one egg daily and its production & hatchability is
more)
Giant Quail Washington ( It has maximum quantity of meat in it)
4. 3 Major Players
Major players of Quail farm industry are:
Name of Business & Suppliers Addresses of Suppliers
Sadat Quail Breeding Farms & Near Sozo Water Park, Jallo, Lahore –
Hatchery 54000, Pakistan
Mr. Syed Asad Ali Rizvi Ph no. 042-5069105, 042-6582013
Mob: 0300-4727214
Jumbo quail farm ART Centre, UVAS Ferozpur Kasur
Prof. Dr. Muhammad Akram Road, Lahore
Mob: 0300-4238270
12
www.statpak.gov.pk
13
All Pakistan Quail Breeder & Traders Association. President, Syed Asad Ali Rizvi
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Pre-feasibility Study Quail Farm (40,000 Birds)
Gold Pak Poultry, Breeding Farms & 4-A Faisal Park, Main Road, P.O,
Hatcheries Baghbanpura, Lahore
Mr. Shahzad Ahmed ph no. 042-6862812, 042-6815967
Zafar Breeding Farm Karachi
Mr. Zafar Mob: 0300-2017668
Neela quail breeding farm & hatchery Joda pull, Lahore
Mr. Kaleem Mob: 0321-4664093
5 Farm management
Farm input required for a shed includes farm equipment (drinkers, feed trays,
brooders, and feeders), electronic fixtures and other consumer items (feed, vaccines &
medicines, rice-husk or saw-dust, water, electricity, etc.).
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Pre-feasibility Study Quail Farm (40,000 Birds)
6 MARKETING
The marketing of chickens follows the traditional channels of distribution. Generally,
broilers are distributed in the market through middlemen (Arti) and wholesalers. The
role of Arti is to identify a farm and negotiate the price. In some cases, the middleman
provides Day Old Chicks and other farm inputs (feed, etc.) to the broiler farmers and
then agrees to buy back the mature birds from them.
Birds are transported to the urban market and are sold to retailers or market-street
poultry shops. Birds are sold on live-weight basis. The time spent in getting broilers
from the farm to the retail shop is brief. Although collection and handling of birds has
improved with the use of loader vehicles, but it is an established fact that greater the
distance between the poultry producer and consumer, more complicated is the
marketing system including their collection, handling and transportation to the
consumer or processing plants. The processing plant produces dressed quail
(slaughtered and cleaned). However, a very small amount of dressed quail is available
in the local retail market. The integrated processing units distribute frozen and
dressed quail packed in whole or cut-ups to the consumer through retail shops under
their brand names.
Most of the demand comes from Multan, Karachi, Gujranwala, Lahore & Islamabad.
The trick in marketing is quick availability of market information of quail supply and
demand, which will determine the selling price.
7 PRODUCT
This project will generate revenue from sale of quails. Assumptions used for the
product mix are as follows:
8 L AND & B UI L DI NG
8. 1 Space Requirement
The land requirement for this proposed project is 1.5 kanals which would cost
Rs.300,000. Details for civil works are as follows:
8. 3 Suitable Locations
Most suitable location for opening quail farm is Punjab & Sindh. Quail farms should
not be opened in cold areas. Suburban and rural areas around the major cities of the
country are also suitable for setting up a poultry farm. Setting up a farm at an isolated
place will minimize the risk of disease.
Proximity of the farm to the city enables the farmer to have a quick communication
with the market for the purchase of Day Old Chicks, farm inputs (feed, etc.), and
selling of mature birds.
8. 4 Infrastructure Requirement
Quail farming needs to be handled tactically, right from the selection of the site to the
final stage when the birds are sold. The farm should be located at a place where
transportation of birds and feed can be handled easily.
The entrepreneur should make sure that the following things are available at the farm
site before setting up the farm:
Electricity connection
Drinking quality water
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Pre-feasibility Study Quail Farm (40,000 Birds)
9 MANPOWER REQUIREMENTS
The personal needed for the farm is as under:
Table 9-1: Actual Human Resource
Description No. Salary per month Total Salary
Supervisor 1 15,000 15,000
Houseman 2 6,500 13,000
Watchman 3 7,000 21,000
Total 6 28,500 49,000
10 TECHNOLOGY
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Pre-feasibility Study Quail Farm (40,000 Birds)
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Pre-feasibility Study Quail Farm (40,000 Birds)
Cost of sales
Cost of DOC 2,475,000 2,598,750 2,728,688 2,865,122 3,008,378 3,158,797 3,316,737 3,482,574 3,656,702 3,839,537
Cost of Feed 3,237,300 3,399,165 3,569,123 3,747,579 3,934,958 4,131,706 4,338,292 4,555,206 4,782,967 5,022,115
Operation costs 1 (direct labor) 336,000 369,600 406,560 447,216 491,938 541,131 595,244 654,769 720,246 792,270
Medication & Disinfection 225,000 236,250 248,063 260,466 273,489 287,163 301,522 316,598 332,427 349,049
Direct Exlectricity 225,000 247,500 272,250 299,475 329,423 362,365 398,601 438,461 482,307 530,538
Operating costs 5 (direct gas) - - - - - - - - - -
Total cost of sales 6,498,300 6,851,265 7,224,683 7,619,858 8,038,185 8,481,163 8,950,396 9,447,608 9,974,650 10,533,510
Gross Profit 1,601,700 2,013,735 2,481,817 3,012,292 3,612,180 4,289,239 5,052,046 5,910,078 6,873,805 7,954,790
Other income (interest on cash) 14,629 31,702 56,315 90,392 135,836 201,591 290,048 396,601 523,708 691,696
Earnings Before Interest & Taxes 978,621 1,358,687 1,797,435 2,302,646 2,882,702 3,582,747 4,355,028 5,232,731 6,227,994 7,371,841
Interest expense on long term debt (Project Loan) 173,431 146,315 113,802 74,929 28,452 - - - - -
Interest expense on long term debt (Working Capital Loan) 95,771 80,761 62,815 41,359 15,705 - - - - -
Subtotal 269,202 227,076 176,617 116,288 44,157 - - - - -
Earnings Before Tax 709,419 1,131,611 1,620,818 2,186,358 2,838,546 3,582,747 4,355,028 5,232,731 6,227,994 7,371,841
Tax 106,413 237,638 405,204 546,589 709,636 895,687 1,088,757 1,308,183 1,556,999 1,842,960
NET PROFIT/(LOSS) AFTER TAX 603,006 893,973 1,215,613 1,639,768 2,128,909 2,687,060 3,266,271 3,924,548 4,670,996 5,528,881
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Pre-feasibility Study Quail Farm (40,000 Birds)
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Pre-feasibility Study Quail Farm (40,000 Birds)
12 Key Assumptions
Table 12-1: COGS Details:
Description
DOC (Day Old Chicks) (Rs.) 5.5
Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR) i.e. Feed required to gain 1 Kg weight (Kgs.) 2.73
Feed required per 1000 birds (50 Kgs bags) 6.00
Feed Requirement/bird/day - Kg 0.01
Vaccination. Medication and Disinfection Cost per Bird (Rs.) 1.00
Feed Price per Bag (50 Kgs) 1,200
Cost of Feed per Kg – Rs. 24.00
Sales Price Rs. / bird 17.00
24