Permissible Velocities in Lined Channels

Higher velocities can be safely used in lined channels. Though maximum permissible
velocities for concrete linings have not been established, velocities up to 2.5 m/sec. are
permitted when the lining is not reinforced.

Asphaltic concrete, which has less resistance to abrasion, can withstand maximum
velocity up to 1.5 m/sec.

Values of limiting velocities in different kinds of linings, as per Indian Standards, are
tabulated in below Table

Max. Permissible Velocities in different types of Linings

Type of Lining Permissible Velocity

Cement concrete lining (Unreinforced) 2.0 to 2.5 m/sec.
Burnt clay tile lining 1.8 m/sec.
Boulder lining 1.5 in/sec.

Highly expensive soils like black cotton soils, need special treatment in the form of laying a
layer of CNS (Cohesive non-swelling soil) material like mu rum, etc. in depth of about 300-
1000 mm over the given soil surface before laying the lining.

A minimum thickness of cement concrete lining used in India is 7.5 cm.

Launching apron: After the inverted filter, the loose apron called 'launching apron' is
provided for a length, generally equal to 1.5 D, where D is the depth of scour below the river
bed. The apron generally launches to a slope of 2: 1, and if t is the thickness of the apron in
the launched position, length being √5.D ;the

Volume of stone per metre width will then be √𝟓.D.t= 2.24Dt or say 2.25D.t.

Hence,

Volume of stone per metre of launching apron is given by 2.25 D.t.cu.m/metre.

Where D is the depth of scour below the river bed and t is the thickness of the apron in the
launched position

Since the volume of stone should be the same in launched and un-launched apron, and if
the un-launched apron is, laid in a length equal to 1.5 D, the thickness of the un-launched
apron is given as :

The best ideal alignment of off-taking channel is, when the off-taking channel
makes zero angles with the parent channel initially and then separates outs in a
transition.

Crest Levels. The crest of a cross regulator is generally kept at the upstream bed level of
the channel. While, the crest level of the distributary head regulator is generally kept 0.3
to 1.0 m higher than the crest level of the cross regulator.
Conditions of flow for design of cross regulator and distributary head regulator

The design is done for the worst of the following two conditions:

(a) Full supply discharge is passing down both the channels with all gates of cross
regulator and head regulator fully open.

(b) The discharge in the parent channel is low but the off-take channel is running full and
its FSL is maintained by the Partial opening of the gates of cross regulator.

The minimum capacity of the canal escape is generally kept as half of the channel
capacity at the point of escape.