Name : Jason Ray D. Uy Date/Time: Sep.

9, 2019 Rating:

Ping (Time Frame: 90 minutes)

Objectives: Upon completion of this lab, you will be able to:

• Explain the use of the Ping utility
• Use the Ping command to verify simple TCP/IP network connectivity

Background

Ping or Packet Internet Groper is one of the useful tools when testing TCP/IP network layer connectivity on the local host
computer or another device in the network. Specifically, it is used to determine whether a specific host through its IP address
is reachable or not and to measure the round-trip time for messages sent from the source host to the destination host. This
utility is available on Windows, Linux and Cisco IOS platforms.

Ping operates by sending Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) echo request to the target host and wait for an ICMP
response. ICMP is a TCP/IP Network layer protocol, first defined in RFC 792, September, 1981. ICMP message types were
later expanded in RFC 1700. In the process, it measures the time from transmission to reception and records any packet
loss. The results of the test are then printed in the form of statistical summary.

The ability to accurately and quickly diagnose network connectivity issues is a skill expected from a network engineer.
Knowledge about the TCP/IP protocols and practice with troubleshooting commands will build that skill.

Task 1 Use the Ping command to verify TCP/IP network connectivity

The command can be used with a destination IP address, such as 192.168.2.23 or qualified name, such as hcdc.edu.ph, to
test domain name services (DNS) functionality. For this task, only IP addresses will be used.

Step 1 Verify TCP/IP Network connectivity on the local host computer

1.1. Open a Windows terminal and determine IP address of your PC with the ipconfig command. An example is shown
in Figure 1. The output should look the same except for the IP address. Each PC should have the same network
mask and default gateway address; only the IP address may differ. If the information is missing or if the subnet
mask and default gateway are different, reconfigure the TCP/IP settings to match the settings for this PC.

1.2. Record the TCP/IP network information of your computer.

IP Address 172.16.220.53
Subnet Mask 255.255.252.0
Default Gateway 172.16.220.1

1.3. Use the ping command to verify TCP/IP Network layer connectivity on the local host computer. By default, four
ping requests are sent to the destination and reply information is received. Output should look similar to that
shown in the succeeding figure except for the IP address.

Figure 2: Sample Result of a Ping test

1 Destination address, set to the IP address for the local computer.

2 Reply information:
Bytes – size of the ICMP packet.
Time – elapsed time between transmission and reply.
TTL – default TTL value of the DESTINATION device, minus the number of routers in the path.
The maximum TTL value is 255, and for newer Windows machines the default value is 128.
Linux default TTL value is set to 64.
 3 Summary information about the replies:
4 Packets Sent – number of packets transmitted. By default, four packets are
sent. 5 Packets Received – number of packets received.
6 Packets Lost – difference between number of packets sent and received.
7 Information about the delay in replies, measured in milliseconds. Lower round trip times indicate faster
links. A computer timer is set to 10 milliseconds. Values faster than 10 milliseconds will display 0.

1.4. Fill in the Value column with the results of the ping command shown in your PC.

Field Value
Size of Packet 32 bytes
Number of packets sent 4
Number of replies 4
Number of lost packets 0
Minimum delay 0ms
Maximum delay 0ms
Average delay 0ms

Was the Ping successful? Explain your answer. Yes, because there’s no delay and lost of packets and there’s a
confirmation being received.

Step 2 Verify TCP/IP Network connectivity to a remote computer

2.1. Use the ping command to verify TCP/IP Network layer connectivity to a device on a remote network

2.2. Fill in the Value column with results of the ping command to a remote computer:
Field Value
Size of Packet 32 bytes
Number of packets sent 4
Number of replies 0
Number of lost packets 100%
Minimum delay -
Maximum delay -
Average delay -

Was the Ping successful? Explain your answer. No, because there will be no confirmation indicates that the packets
have received. Therefore, 100% packet lose.

Step 3 Type the following command: ping 127.0.0.1

The 127.0.0.0 network is reserved for loopback testing. If the ping is successful, then TCP/IP is properly installed and
functioning on your computer.
Was the ping successful? Yes

Step 4 Type the following command: ping https://e.huaweiacad.com

The first output line shows the Fully Qualified Domain
Name (FQDN) followed by the IP address. A Domain
Name Service (DNS) server somewhere in the
network was able to resolve the name to an IP
address. DNS servers resolve domain names, not
hostnames, to IP addresses.
Without this name resolution, the ping would have
failed because TCP/IP only understands valid IP
addresses. It would not be possible to use the web
browser without this name resolution.
With DNS, connectivity to computers on the Internet
can be verified using a familiar web address, or domain name, without having to know the actual IP address. If the nearest
DNS server does not know the IP address, the server asks a DNS server higher in the Internet structure.

What is the role of the DNS in a network? It serves as a storage of public IP addresses and their associated hostnames and
in most cases serves to resolve, or translate, those names to IP addresses as requested.
Step 5 Type the following command: ping www.google.com

Notice that the DNS server was able to resolve the name to an IP
address, but there is no response. Some google routers are
configured to ignore ping requests. This is a frequently
implemented security measure.

Step 5 Ping some other domain names and observe the results

Step 6 Experiment with the following options:

The default values for the ping

command normally work for most
troubleshooting scenarios. There are
times, however, when fine tuning
ping options may be useful. Issuing
the ping command without any
destination address will display the
options shown in the figure.

The most useful options are

highlighted in yellow. Some options
do not work together, such as the –t
and
–n options. Other options can be used
together.

1. ping the destination address until stopped, use the –t option. To stop, press <CTRL> C:
Example: ping –t www.google.com

2. ping the destination once, and record router hops, use the –n and –r options, as shown in Figure 10. Note: Not
all devices will honor the –r option.
Example: ping –n 1 –r 9 192.168.0.253

Reflection/Analysis:
Ping serves as an indicator telling if our PC is connected to a network or not. Also, it let you know if the packet you sent are
being received because of the confirmation. Based on the number of sent packets, if the number of replies are match with number of
sent, it means that the Ping is successful. There’s no loss of packets.