2

• Maxwell's Right Hand Rule

• Faraday's Law of Electromagnetic
Induction
• Lenz's Law of Electromagnetic Induction
• Fleming's Left Hand Rule And Right
Hand Rule
 3

• a current carrying
conductor creates a
magnetic field around it.
• The nature of magnetic
field around a straight
current carrying
conductor is like
concentric circles having
their center at the axis
of the conductor.
 4

• The direction of these circular magnetic

lines is dependent upon the direction of
current.
• The density of the induced magnetic field
is directly proportional to the magnitude
of the current.
 5

• Right Hand Grip Rule

– Assume that the current carrying conductor is
held in the right hand so that the fingers wrap
around the conductor and the thumb is
stretched
– If the thumb is along the direction of current,
wrapped fingers will show the direction of
circular magnetic field lines.
 6

• Right Hand Grip Rule

 7

• Right Hand Grip Rule

 8

• Right Handed Cork Screw

Rule
– If a right handed cork screw
is assumed to be held along
the conductor, and the screw
is rotated such that it moves
in the direction of the
current, direction of
magnetic field is same as that
of the rotation of the screw.
 9

• a basic law of electromagnetism predicting

how a magnetic field will interact with an
electric circuit to produce an
electromotive force (emf)—a phenomenon
called electromagnetic induction.
• the fundamental operating principle of
transformers, inductors, and many types of
electrical motors, generators and
solenoids.
 10

• First Law
– Whenever a conductor is placed in a varying
magnetic field an EMF gets induced across the
conductor (called as induced emf), and if the
conductor is a closed circuit then induced
current flows through it.
 11

• First Law
– Magnetic field can be varied by various
methods:
• By moving magnet
• By moving the coil
• By rotating the coil relative to magnetic field
 12

• First Law
 13

• First Law
 14

• First Law
 15

• Second Law:
– the magnitude of induced emf is equal to the
rate of change of flux linkages with the coil.
The flux linkages is the product of number of
turns and the flux associated with the coil.

𝒅𝝓
𝒆 =𝑵
𝒅𝒕
 16

• states that, when an emf is induced

according to Faraday's law, the polarity
(direction) of that induced emf is such
that it opposes the cause of its production

𝒅𝝓
𝒆 = −𝑵
𝒅𝒕
 17

• The negative sign shows that, the direction

of the induced emf and the direction of
change in magnetic fields have opposite
signs
 18

• if a current carrying conductor placed in a

magnetic field, it experiences a force due
to the magnetic field.
• if a conductor moved in a magnetic field, an
emf gets induced across the conductor
 19

• Left Hand Rule

– applicable for motors
– whenever a current carrying conductor is
placed in a magnetic field, the conductor
experiences a force which is perpendicular to
both the magnetic field and the direction of
current
 20

• Left Hand Rule

 21

• Right Hand Rule

– applicable for generators
– whenever a conductor is forcefully moved in an
electromagnetic field, an emf gets induced
across the conductor.
– if the conductor is provided a closed path,
then the induced emf causes a current to flow
 22

• Right Hand Rule