Professional Documents
Culture Documents
29S UE Sal Ea) baa, Hall ot Soke, ul, eloi2, °] S2S Bz] mp2, Aln1goyg, ‘A Shall | take the bus? 8 There's a Iot of traffic, so don't take the bus, (Please) take the subway. A How's this movie? 's ttinteresting? B (Please) con't see this movie. It's boring, {A (Ploaso) don't listen to music too loudly. I's bad for your ears, B Okay, The following friends each have @ problem. Look at the pictures and fil in the blanks using ~2| nL. 6 aaa 8 ae 87a aay AUT SSHR, te wD ao}.2, . MH ae A 2S Ho] Ya osha, » Sans mech ABS Yel 2S Rate, __. 7m OHANCH) ARS Ee] Bo] olsta, . ERE AB atch)Grammar Focus ‘107 Wel Aree} Blois. aya] BP soF A, | have an exam tomorrow. So | must study. Ole} AF AY ALS Ao} sha, It's my airfiond’s birthday, so | have to buy her a present. ¥7] Bol E2 Yok sa. You have to pay before you eat. —O}/O10F SICH/SECE expresses an obligation or necessity to de something or the necessity of a certain condition. It corresponds to ‘must' or ‘have (to)' in English. If the stem ends in the vowel or 4, then —OfOF S|C}/SHCt is used, and for all other vowel endings, -O{0F S|C}/SCt is used. As for verbs ending in S}Cf, the form changes to HOF SICH/SICh. The past tense form is -Of/O10F S01 2/012. ile rye Vowel Sci aes a ee celal laa Neonat QC O}OF SICHSICr «=| ICHaICH + OlOF SICYaHch = BSI = Sfolor s1eH/atc = 7ICK=AOF SICH/aICt — Batok Icl/sict Base Form 12 | Base Form —01/0F SHS /a42 ey [ aaatct AABIOF SIS/342 fect ae al diner etc} “act MOF SHS /s = eich | *xteEt walof a/ akect ch BOj0} 512/84 * lregular form 7. Demands and Obligations, Permission and ProtonIn Conversation | ‘ee A OH Bo] YS} BL? {k Shall we see a movie this weekend? B n]eray2. o}nyL] Balo]z} a} 2 Sorry, but i's my mother’s birthday, and I have to 5130] 7}oF BA, visit home, A Bl AE 7HEISL BHA, {A I'm planning to go to Jejuistand in the summer. B HY7] HS oro? 8 Did you reserve a plane ticket? A lot of people will ALe}O] BoHA] w]e] ofOFsok =I). be going there, 60 you have to reserve yourtioket in i: . advance. A OFA] A THEJo] et 2490} 27 ‘A Why didn’t you come to the party yesterday? B GO] OHA, B]A}OH AT A SHOF $RO1.B_ 8 had alot of things to do, so I had to stay at the office and work. ~ol/Ol0F SIct/{ct has two negative forms, one meaning itis not necessary to do something, ~| ROE | ‘{c], and the other expressing the prohibition of some behavior, (©)2! @F SIC}. © -X| Gols SIC} (don't need to, don’t have to) {See also Unit 7. Demands and Obligations, Permission and Prohibition 06 A/V—X] 220K =IC#) ALR! SIAlOH 7127 Do you goto the office tomorow’ BOILER, UNBKE B7IZEA} SIAIO} 74%] GOES S52, No, comorrow is a holiday, so | don't have to go to work. A BRUT] HAZ 712? (Do you) take the bus tothe park? BUNGE, 2A LIAS ELA] QLORE SHS, ZOH7HS SH. (The park is nearby. Se | don't need to take the bus. | can walk, @ ~(2)21 ¢ SIct (shouldn't, be not allowed to) (See also Unit 7. Demands and Obligations, Permission and Prohibition 05 A/V-(2)94 2 SIc}) + SHEEIOIAI AHIS 41091 2 £12. You're not alowed to take photoarachs inside the museum, + AMOI SHE Te! OF SHS, You shoud not smoke indoors.Look at the pictures and fill in the blanks using -o}/ojoF Sicl/atch. A 2 AZ Om Be] HUA A727 8 uieke} a, Seo] eso] 244) (eal 7c) A aepo]y Vata Bola, 8 ea : err) A 20] S tt a U2? B UIT, OF (eesic) Aa 29] SS E712, A 450] Qhoja| Alufo] 14]744] 7Iek aA. B18 (12A)o) sth) A Al FH AAS Hol] Mt Bo] 2-7 B HO] 9] oft} AT aseted 720) 7. Demands and Obligations, Permission and Prohiniioné APS Bole 2? May | take a picture? 47] StoHe 3.2? May | sit here? we AR AR? May | use that pen? —0}/O/S Cf expresses permission or approval for a behavior. it corresponds to ‘may’ or ‘be allowed to’ in English. If the stem ends in the vowel F or -L, then OHS S|Cf is used, and for all other vowel endings, O15 S ICs used. As for verbs ending in SICH, the form changes to SHE. SIC In place of -OL/O1S ICE, —O}/O1S 2HAICH and —O}/0] 5 Ct can also be used. eee Reece e oe cule oe ee ee es ACH + Off SIC} OPAICH + OL Sich | aaict — AS Sch OM Sic — FB eH Ich Base Form a SOL SHS “xeECh aes He east | gaia | “sth SPIE SH * regular formIn Conversation * A Bol] ASPsIE HAR? A May | call you at night? 8 B=o]| a, Ado I]a, 8 Sure, Please call anytime. A AHS Gol= Ha? ‘A Do you mind If| open the window? B88, Sole Ha, 8 Not at all. You may open it. A tes AS HL? ‘A May | turn on the radio? 8B o}o}7} 4} Wola, AA) sya, 8 The chit is asleep. Please don't tum it on Look at the pictures and choose the appropriate word from below to fill in the blanks using -O|/O|> Sich. Serr ACE Cy 2 "gore A NaS ? BH), Aaa, aa ? B Sao] Aza, Ae Ale} SoA, a ASS 2 BU), Ala 2, 7. Demands ard Obligations, Permission and ProhibitionCB YSN GE wal oF sh, on ‘Smoking indoors is not allowed. £4 Sol ARspa et HQ, Using the phone while driving is not allowed. ala ae Aya te, ‘You may not crass the street now, Grammar Focus (2)P1 Ot SICH expresses the pro! can represent social conventions or commen sense dictating that a behavior or state is prohibited or not tolerated. It corresponds to ‘may not or ‘not allowed to’ in English. When the stem ends in a vowel or 2, — Qt EICf is used, and when the stem ends in a consonant, —OH Ot EICf is used. ion or limitation of a particular action of the listener. It also Neer Seether TIC} +B SI@ — 7a oF SI IC} + OF QF SIS — BjOO! OF se. ae Base Form oa ea | oa sick Oi OF sie ict | wosi or sie | [sc | moet o) 2 Sct “ch posi ot aieIn Conversation @ A + Allo] Bole Wee Ha? ‘A May | speak in English during class? B +4 Alte Sz Bora 8 During olass, you may not speak in English. ot HID, UES Spi]a, Fipeee peak o Seppe A ROE PS ASW] AS BA A inkKorea, you're not supposed to blow your nose ore, when eating. B oO}, 222? Bezoje2, 8 Oh, realy? | didn’t know that A EAZOA] of7}oHa of 5.2 ‘A You're not allowed to talk in the library. B of, Aeett, 8 Okay, 'm sony, (2) 2 ict can be used in the double negative form, that is, —x] 224 2 Sct, to emphasize that a particular behavior must be performed. + BHE B7/LOIL(7} wigh7] HS ole] AI Ow! et ee. = BE ole] jor 42.) ‘August is vacation season, $0 (you) must Duy plane tckets in advance. (Plane tickets have to be boucit in advance.) + SO] AIZKHA SSiR| YO! OF SHe (= SesHiOF she) Because the less is serious, surgery must be performed. (We have to perform surgery) + CHS Fo] Sot Alo] Boi Beapx| gow o she. (= BsHor 2) Because (have an important test next week, Imust study have to study) 7. Demands and Obligations, Permission and Prohibition7 “oleh Sieh aoc A ZISABIA 7S 71H HR? Bote, AMAR, AMS oe 4? 3 A 7) oi] Re7]S 8 asec. A S72? Bee ee ee eae 178( @ PAWS HA BSS WA) Gole SQ, Preschoo! stucients don't have to pay the bus fare, Bdoli7} BSseS Fz] APA] Sole S.A, Because i's a weekday, we don't have to buy tickets in advance, Pade: We a) Moke Aa, On Fridays, we don’t have to wear suits. Grammar Focus =X] QfOHE SICH expresses that 2 particular state of affairs or behavior is not necessary and is the negative form of -O/O1OF S|Ct/StCt. which expresses the obligation to perform a particular behavior. It corresponds to ‘does not have to’ in English. It is made by adding —A] SOF SICt or St —O}/04S= SIC} to the verb stem. ‘See also ‘-o}/015=" conjugation in Unit 16. Conditions and Suppositions 03 AV-o}/01) 7it} + —R] Ok SIct Ofc} + —K] Rok SIC — 7hn| Gols Sic (= et 7H SICH) — O(n] QOH SIC} (= BF HOKE: Eich “Base Form -A| BOHR 12 | 2 01/01 S12 act | AR QOKE S12 ot AS He. Sc | QOS eI oF MIE He asisict | ‘ustsis] ots she Ha ot aE AAS vicrelct “yin gor swe | PICEA SHS 7. Demands and Obligations, Perrission and Pro![sect Ex! dois 2. et Sole i “Sach AX| BOS She OF AMSE SHS zHech AE MO 2 Ot Bets 2 * regular for In Conversation > 3 ale B 7hop 1.2? opel eb 7H HL, Als Holo} sof sha! alse Sela, Ho}OL=s}Z] BoHs she, oo o o> ‘A Must | goto the dinner today? 8 If you're busy, you don't have to go. A T’ve got to go ona dist! 8 You're already slender. ‘You don’t need to diet. Look at the pictures and fil in the blanks using elther—x| ols Sct or Bt —off/c1= Sich. AAS Ao 82 B EAlzto} 2.47} ABO} 7]chelo} HL? B APH] GO 7} yo] A FALE wofo} 91.29 3 ohn, alsba) ooh Ab Auge a] alep}.29 8 UE +20] 2.50] glou7Sec ell Hope @ v-7 4c} @AN-LW/ALA SACSe jas 2 2. UTS Bea Boa, | can't speak Korean wall. | want to speak Korean well, TES 2d SAH WHOA, 710] Mal Hoja, | naven't seen my family for two years. | want to see my family WS 4a A18, | want to eat strawberries. Grammar Focus —Z1 4ICt expresses the wish or hope of the speaker and corresponds to ‘want to’ in English. ~ZL 4 Chis added to verb stems. if the subject is in the first or second person, then —32 41Cf is used, but when the subject is in the third person, then —Z2 4{0{5}Ct is used. (See also Check it Out) Ach +a Alc — Ata Alc oleh + Ach— gi sic BaseForm RI OKE SH === Base Form -R| OLE SH. tet 7H HO | ect a2 Ho. sch Bar oie ict Bin Aja DHLICh win Noe wesc} | Bsn Aol esc stSx Yoie ec en 4ol2 ac auc ae ez Hoje.| In Conversation A ¥] ual dle] 9? ‘A What do you want to drink? 8 S42. Axe Az ala, B I'm sleepy. | want to drink some coffee. A Be] AupAof HS ASS WSL 4101.2? 4 what do you want for Christmas? B aM ApS what Alo] @ 8 I'd like some nige looking gloves. <> © When the subject is in the third person, a2 HOISICtis used (See also Unit 18. Changes in Parts of Speech 04 A-Ol/0f8iC}) + O12] AS AISI ALL Sols (0x) — OFF! WHE KESAIE AlsD ACHSHD. (©) Ere wants to buy a car @ Although —7 4c} cannot be added directly to adjectives, if -0}/0(AIC} is first added to an adjective, making ita verb, then {tt can be used. (See also Unit 19. Expressions of State 03 A-O1/0Z/C), | + SEMI AOD. (x) > SPMEARIT 4012 (0) | want to become sim. © -7 Achcan be combined with the particles -&/& and ~01/7. + 7ABO| S80. 4101. (0) 1 want to see my family. + JESS 1D. SOL, (0) | want te see my tami. ‘The following exercise concerns people who have come to Korea. Look at the picture and fill in the blanks with the appropriate sentences using 7 Ct. iD (IRE. 2 ele) (2 Os, Aes eich) (3) (@aiaia, aici) @ (ear, Buch 6) (a8) dich)7 A UAL SAL, | wish | had a car. =o] BOA SAL. [wish I hed a lot of money. AejAr+o] 2°] HOA SAA, | hope it snows on Christmas. Grammar Focus —2t/ALA ZAICt expresses a person's wish or hope about something that has yet to be realized. It can also be used when expressing a desire for a situation to become the opposite of what it currently is. This expression corresponds to ‘hope/want’ in English. When the verb stem ends in F or AL, then -UOHA BACH is used; while -WLA BAICt is used for all other verb stem endings. As for verbs ending in SHC}, the form changes to HOM SAIC}. In addition to -2/BAOM BIC, —QU/MOA SIC can also be used, but -—W/ROM BACH indicates a stronger degree of hope or desire. ees cham mces Toho, og MA Verb Ending in sit fagsict — HOE Sat | — AMO Bact | 3s OHO BACt "BaseForm | USSR Bzoi2 | BaseForm | RUMOR EAloie 2c YOR SHoa2 Hc HULA SHoaigAIC agent axioie os WEAoe! Saloia s:atolc} | AiuglOR! Exloig ‘Sexfolch EHOe S202 alk AIOE exon = exon exile * Irregular form In Conversation ™............. AB ao] Azle on? 'k At wet age do you want to get married? 8 204 Alo] SERou Sao a, 8 I ke to get marie before f'n 30. A 23% wpHe? A Are you still Busy these days? BU, Ale Be, 8 Yes, I'm still busy, SA9Oa SAC. wish | could have some time off. A |e Sto] 4] St 7}e].22 A What will you do this vacation? B Ass} Az] 40] 4 Aaja, 8 | pian to go skiing with my friends. HPS}o] Be] Go Sao} 2 | wish vacation would come sooner. > gs (2)@ SACt can be used in the same sense as —3i/YO% SAC}, but because —Q/AOM SICH | ‘supposes the realization of an as yet unrealized state, It more strongly emphasizes the verb. +20) SM EMOLD (the speakar i simply wishing to have lol of money) + 0) URL SAIS. (The speaker is supposing a stuation in which he has a lot of money, whch is in contrast to hss currant situation of having no maney;, thus the wish is emphasized) a 8. Expressions ofLook at the pictures and fill in the blanks using ~2i/a1951 SzIch @) A SA) Aeo] Fo].2? B _ (ogto} A171 . (Ali) ES SICH A Uo] 212 ax 4o}27 B . CHIHES OfAbSHC) w AV Oke, Q) SMe yp age (FHOich PES FHL,ers iMrs ile, Causes @AN-O/O1M @ @ AV-(2)LI7t D @N WEol, AV-7! Hellwp utah. Nice to mest you. 7#°| SO SS HD, | was in such a good mood that I danced By ae, I'm sony for arriving late. Grammar Focus —0}/01M is used to express that the information in the first clause is the reason for or the cause of the succeeding clause. tt corresponds to ‘because (of)’, ‘on account of', and ‘so... that...” in English If the stem ends in the vowel f or -L, then —O}A1 is used. Otherwise, -O{A] is used. As for verbs ‘ending in SCE, the form changes to SHAY, and in the case of O|Cf, 010A is used, except in conversation, when O|2}44 is used. ‘Stem Ending in Vowel i eon ste ee Other eerste niee af QC} + -OFAi — StAq | ACE + OL — SOLA ‘BAlolct — Svat Ad Baseform | -OHOIM~——|sBasoForm =| = OHI ich | aid | at Bota! act OFA zich | oi sick ao | izolct O/O4A(0|2kAd) “HMAC plo Ad sett 25s “act | eld Basic LABIA “ect Bo1A ® Tregular form —O}/04A4 cannot be used in imperative or propositive sentences. +o] AWS AA ULE ANS Heo] Fea]. (x) 0] AMES a he AS Ho} ay, (0) ‘These shoes ars big, so plsase show me a diferent pai, + Qs SHO] BofA Uiel wh? (x) = 2% S40] Lory} yg WL? (0) Ife cece aya wo tome +2} £h4 O12 AA 69 ol] Four oles AIeh. (0) (tke thie one, 2 te buy (See also Unit 9. Reasons and Gauses 02 A/V-(2)L17} DD) Tense markers such as —t/S{— and —2{{— cannot come before —Of/OfA1. + We we] BaeVA] Poa, () ~H}S Wo] Hols] AI} ofA. (0) My stomach hurts on account of eating £0 much food. + 6] ZO] TBA] lat O12, (x) +9] Ke] ow] a1 41.4, (0) | want to wear these clothes bacause they're pratty. (Compare with Unit 5. Time Expressions 04 V-O}/014)) ‘9. Reasons and CausesIn Conversation A BAO} Azo] glo}.a? ‘4 Do you have time on Saturday? B O}H Se un} 2)Zbo] glo}.a. B This week, I'm busy and don't have time. A °] RS 9 of Bola? ‘A Why don't you wear these clothes? BARS Ao F Wola, 8 Those clothes are so small that | can’t wear them. A Bol SW] HAS Epa? ‘4 Do you take the bus when you go home? B OR, EJ Alzhof: 217} BORA] a No, because there's a lot of traffic when ag ea. | get off work, | take the subway. AS F2., Look at the pictures and choose the appropriate word from below to fill in each blank using -0}/0144. | wee thal} ach 4 6] Aga} He) Bo}e? 2 £4] Bo] Gor, AWS S8HS B72? 8 2x74 Bas ZUhA, 4 Olle 7422 2 ap al BU 712, A SY OFS Bola? BASS Bo] uz} ofa,Zo] eps} ABiaIS Bch. ‘The roads are full of trafic, so let’s take the subway. PUA AE SE So} aa, Its cold, so please clase the window. AES Bh 47} 7] 20] Hohe, | took a shower, so now I feel good. —(2)L|7)} expresses the reason or cause for something and corresponds to ‘so’ of ‘because’ in English. When the verb stem ends in a vowel or @, —L|7fis used, and when the verb stem ends ina consonant, “2L|7)f is used. eae ent epa ANCE +