Chapter 3

METHODOLOGY

STUDY DESIGN

Qualitative Research is primarily exploratory research. It used

to gain an understanding of underlying reasons, opinions, and motivations.

It provides insights into the problem or helps to develop ideas or hypotheses

for potential quantitative research. Qualitative research is also used to

uncover trends in thought and opinions, and dive deeper into the problem.

Qualitative data collection methods vary using unstructured or semi-

structured techniques. Some common methods include focus group

discussion, individual interviews, and participation/observations. The

sample size is typically small, and respondents are selected to fulfil a quota.

Quantitative research is used to quantify the problem by way of

generating numerical data or data that can be transformed into useable

statistics. It is used to quantify attitudes, opinions, behaviors, and other

defined variables-and generalize results from a larger sample population.

Quantitative research uses measurable data to formulate facts and

uncover patterns in research. Quantitative data collection methods are

much more structured that qualitative data collection methods.

Quantitative data collection methods include various forms of survey-

online surveys, paper surveys, mobile surveys and kiosk surveys, face-to-

face interviews, telephone interviews, longitudinal studies, website

interceptors, online polls, and systematic observations.

The data that we collected in this quantitative study consist lot of

ways such as interview, patient assessment needs, IPPA, and we also get

data through our patient’s medical record. We also process to involved and

investigate a phenomenon or issue that has occurred in the past. Such

studies most often involve secondary data collection, based upon data

available from previous studies.

 NURSE-PATIENT INTERACTION

Nurse Patient

“Maayong buntag sir, ako diay si “Ay maayong buntag pud sa sir”.

Annacel, uban akong kauban na si

Claire. Student nurse mi from SMC

sir.”

“Naa mi diri sir para mag interview “Okay lang man”.

about sa condition saimong anak sir.

Okay raba sir?

“Unsa diay nabalatian saimong anak “Gikan mi nagpa therapy ma’am.

sir kay gipa admit nimo?” Unya nag-ingon man ang doctor na

ipa-admit lang daw kay naa siyay

ubo.”

“Pag advice ato sa doctor sir, gipa “Oo ma’am. Kay ingon man ang

admit dayon nimo ang bata?” doctor para daw matan awan ang

bata. Kato pami August 1 diri ma’am.

Panglima nani namo na adlaw.

“Based sa akong data na nadawat sir, “Kato ning 5 months siya ma’am. Nag

naay kondisyon imong bata. Kanusa grabe ang hilanat ba unya nangurog

rana nagsugod sir? Ngano pud na mao to akong gidala’g ospital didto

nahitabo na sya?” sa bunawan. Unya na comatose

naman man mao to girefer mi didto sa

Regional.”

“Pila pud ka adlaw na-comatose sir?” “Lima ka adlaw to ma’am. Natingala

gani ang mga doctor nga nabuhi si

Asis lagi daw.”

“Sa karon sir, saimong obserbasyon “Okay naman siguro ma’am kay

saimong anak, naa pa siyay ginabati? paulion naman daw mi sa doctor

ugma. Pero mao gani ni dili gihapon

makastorya, makakaon og tarong,

makalakaw.”
 PATIENT NEED ASSESSMENT

Name: Asis, Roland Dagohoy Age: 3 Sex: Male Status: Single

Admission Date/Time: August 1, 2019 4:03 PM
Arrived on unit via: Wheelchair Stretcher Ambulatory
Others: Carried by the father
From: Prk. 4 Bunawan Brook, Bunawan Agusan Del Sur
Accompanied by: His Father
Admitting Medical Diagnosis: Lower Respiratory Tract Infection; Cerebral Palsy
Clients Perception of Reason for Admission: “Gikan mi nagpa-therapy unya

giingnan man mi sa doctor ma’am na i-admit lang daw kay giubo.”

Admitting weight: 9.2 kg Height: 92cm

V/S: BP: 90/60 mmHg PR: 123 bpm RR: 28cpm Temp.: 37.1ºC

Source Providing Information: Patient Others

How has the problem been managed at home: N/A

IMMUNIZATIONS/VACCINATIONS

“Kumpleto mani”, as verbalized by the father.

ALLERGIES AND REACTIONS

Drugs: None
Foods: None
MEDICATIONS

Ampicillin + Sulbactam 450 mg q 8hrs IVTT ANST (-)

Amikacin 138 mg q 24hrs IVTT

NAC 100 mg (Fluimucil) 1 sachet 2x a day

Salbutamol (Asmacaire) 1 neb q 4hrs

Salbutamol + Ipratropium q 12hrs (6hrs apart)

Erythromycin (Clarithrocid) 250 mg 3ml 2x a day

Paracetamol 250 mg 2ml q 4hrs PRN for fever

MEDICAL HISTORY: Diagnosed to have Cerebral Palsy

SURGICAL HISTORY: None

PSYCHOLOGICAL HISTORY

Recent Stress: N/A

Coping Mechanism: N/A

Support System: N/A

Calm: Yes No
Anxious: Yes No

Tobacco Use: Yes No

Alcohol Use: Yes No

Drug Use: Yes No

NEURO VITAL SIGNS

PUPIL GAUGE (mm)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
B – Brisk F – Fixed S – Sluggish

HAND GRIP S-Strong M-Moderate

LEG MOVEMENT W-Weak A- Absent

P SIZE LEFT
2

U
4
P RIGHT
REACTION LEFT B
I

RIGHT B
L

M HANDGRIP LEFT A

O
A
RIGHT
T
LEG MOVEMENT LEFT
O

R RIGHT

L EYEOPENING SPONTANEOUS 4
E
TO SPEECH
V
TO PAIN
E
L NONE

CRIES, BABBLES
O
VERBAL IRRITABLE CRIES
F 3
RESPONSE CRIES TO PAIN

C MOANS TO PAIN

O INTUBATED-I NO RESPONSE
N
NONE
S
C BEST SPONTANEOUS
WITHDRAWS TO
I MOTOR TOUCH
 O RESPONSE
U 3
ABNORMAL FLEXION
S
ABNORMAL EXTENSION 2
N
E
NO RESPONSE
S
S TOTAL 15

OTHER ASSESSMENTS:

MUSCULOSKELETAL
Contractures Joint Swelling Pain
Other:
Head EENT: Anicteric Sclerae, no eye and ear discharge; no head and scalp
lesions; pinkish palpebral conjunctivae; no tonsillopharyngeal congestion; no
NVE

Assistive Devices: (crutches, walker, cane, hearing aid, eyeglasses, etc.): None
Diagnostic/Laboratory Results:(otoscopy, ophthalmoscopy, visual acuity test, etc.):
None

OXYGENATION STATUS
Circulation V/S: PR: 123 CR: 128 BP: 90/60
MAP: CVP: O2: 95%
Capillary Refill: <2 seconds
Skin character and color: No edema; full pulses; no jaundice; no skin lesions
Cardiac Status: Sound: Lub dub sound is heard upon auscultation.
Character: Murmurs not noted.
Cardiac pain: None
Diagnostic/Laboratory Results:
HEMATOLOGY
Result Unit Reference
Hemoglobin Conc. 140 g/L 120-150
Erythrocyte Conc. 4.42 x10^12L 4.00-4.50
Leucocyte no. Conc. 9.97 % 5.0-10.0
Segmenters 0.56 % 0.40-0.60
Lymphocytes 0.32 % 0.25-0.40
Eosinophil 0.04 % 0.01-0.05
Monocytes 0.08 % 0.1-0.12
Thrombocytes 210 10^q/L 150-440
Hematocrit 0.42 0.36-0.45
MCV 94 fl 80-90
MCH 32 pg 27-31
MCHC 34 g/d 30-36

Test: Blood Group R: 0 (+)

AIRWAY
Rhythm: Even: Uneven: Shallow:
Cheyne-stroke: Other:
Rate: (eupnea, tachycardia, bradycardia, bradypnea, etc.) Eupnea
Others:
Volume: (hyperventilation, hyperpnea, hypopnea, etc.) N/A
Others: (e.g. abdominal, accessory muscles, nostrils status) N/A
Breath Sounds: (stridor, rhonchi, wheezing, crackles) adventitious lung sounds;
crackles were heard upon auscultation
Cough: None Nonproductive Productive
Secretions: (characteristics) None
Life supporting devices: (e.g. O2, tracheostomy, suction apparatus) None
Diagnostic/Laboratory Results: (e.g. ABG, Chest X-Ray, hematology, etc.) None

TEMPERATURE MAINTENANCE
Temperature: 37.1˚C
Skin character: Warm to touch
Other observation: None

NUTRITIONAL/FLUIDS
General Appearance: Well Nourish Emaciated Others
Appetite: Good Fair Poor
Description: lack of food and fluid intake due to impaired swallowing inability
Diet: FD c AP
Meal Pattern: 2-3 tbsp per meal
Food Self Assist Total Feed
Height: 92cm Weight: 9.2 kg BMI: Underweight
Prescribed Diet: None
Skin character: Normal skin noted
Intake (IVF, Fluid/Water): Water
Oral Mucosa: (Description) The lips is symmetrical, pink, smooth, and moist.
Free from lesions, swelling or any discharges.
Bowel sounds: (Description) Normoactive bowel sounds
Last Bowel Movement: Frequency:
Amount:
Character:
Diagnostic/Laboratory Results: (SE, Occult Blood, Endoscopy, etc.) None
Urine:
Normal Anuria Dysuria Incontinence Frequency
Amount:
Character:
Normal Pattern:
Diagnostic/Laboratory Results: (UA, IVP, USD, etc.) None

REST SLEEP
Bedtime: 10:00 PM
Sleep pattern: 10:00 PM-8:30 AM
Amount of Sleep: 10 hours of sleep
Problems: N/A
Other observations: None

PAIN AVOIDANCE
Rate Pain: N/A Time Started: N/A
Bedtime: N/A Location: N/A
Frequency: N/A Character: N/A
Behavior: Restless: not noted
 Facial expression: not noted
Irritable: not noted
Diaphoretic: not noted
Other observation: None

STIMULATION-ACTIVITY
Work: None
Recreation/Pastime: None
Hobbies/Vices: None

SELF CARE
Needs Assistance with: Ambulating Elimination
Hygiene Dressing
Meals
Other Observations:
LOVE-BELONG NEED
Children (living with):
Husband (living with):
Extended (living with): Father, Mother and Mother-in-law

SELF-ESTEEM NEED (Achievements, awards, travels, etc.)

________________________________________________________________________
SELF-ACTUALIZATION NEED (Civic activities, organizations, social projects,
etc.)

________________________________________________________________________

Assessed by Annacel J. Fortaleza

Clinical Instructor: Mrs. Lhevinne P. Genetializa, RN