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Step-by-Step Tutorials
SAP Query is SAP’s tool to define and execute once own reports without knowing ABAP
programming language.
Topic # Topic
1 What is Query?
Purpose of Query.
Advantages of Query
2 Infosets/UserGroups/Query in Detail
3 Practical session covering important working models - I
4 Practical session covering important models-II
Many times a need arises for SAP Users and Functional Consultants to generate quick reports without
getting any ABAP coding done – time taken to complete the coding in development, transport and test
it in QA system and then transport to production – is sometimes too long. In such cases, SAP query is
a tool provided by SAP for generating these kinds of reports.
Purpose
The SAP Query application is used to create reports not already contained in the default. It has been
designed for users with little or no knowledge of the SAP programming language ABAP.
SAP Query offers users a broad range of ways to define reports and create different types of reports
such as basic lists, statistics, and ranked lists.
These outputs can include lists on screens in table format, ALV grids, downloadable spreadsheets,
and downloadable flat files. The internal report generator creates an ABAP program corresponding
to the definition of the list.
Features:
Queries
InfoSet Query
Infosets
User Groups
Translation/Query
Classic reporting- the creation of lists, statistics and ranked lists- are covered by the InfoSet Query
and Queries components. Other components’ range of functions cover the maintenance of Infosets,
the administration of user groups and also the translation of texts created in the SAP Query. All
data required by a user for a report can be read from various tables.
To define a report, you first have to enter individual texts, such as titles, and select the fields and
options, which determine the report layout. In the WYSIWYG (What You See Is What You Get)
mode, you can edit the lists using Drag & Drop and various toolbars.
Overview:
The following sections describes the individual SAP Query components and provides general
information about query areas, transport and authorizations
Define Queries
Change Queries
Infosets Components
End-users are able to work only with those InfoSets that are relevant to their particular area, as
designated by the role or user group that they are assigned to.
Eg: Vendor master data can be important in purchasing as well as in accountancy. The relevant
InfoSet is assigned to both roles/user groups. This means that queries based on this InfoSet can
be copied and executed by both groups.
1. The User Groups component is used to maintain user groups. The system administrator uses it to set up the
work environment for end-users.
2. Every user assigned to the user group is able to execute the query.
3. Users are not allowed to modify queries from other user groups, although they may, under certain
circumstances, copy and execute
Translation/Query Component
A great deal of text is generated when defining queries, InfoSets, and user groups.
The SAP Query displays these texts in the language that you chose when you logged on to the
SAP system.
You can compare the text languages using the component Translation/Query.
A related text in one or more additional languages is made available for each of the texts
created when defining the query.
Query Areas
A query area contains a set of query objects (queries, InfoSets, and user groups) that are discrete and
consistent.
Standard area
Global area
Standard Area
1.Client specific
Advantage :-End users can develop queries (ad-hoc reports) in their own client that are not meant for
use in the rest of the system.
Global Area
1. Cross client
Advantage:-The global query area is well suited for centrally developing queries meant for use and
distribution throughout the system.
Authorizations
End-users, system administrators, and translators must all be assigned the appropriate authorizations
allowing them to work with the SAP Query.
In order to give individual users targeted, specific rights, the following options are available:
Roles/user groups
Authorizations
The following are the tools to manage, create and change queries.
Infoset Query
Queries
Quick viewer
SAP Query
Step-by-step procedure in configuring SAP Query
SAP R/3 Query tools (SAP Query) are based on the following four main components:
• Query Areas
• Query Groups
• InfoSets
• Administrative Decisions (Company-specific)
• Go to Transaction SQ03.
• Ensure that you are in the correct SAP Query area by navigating to Environment à Query Areas
• Now in the main screen, enter the name of the Query Group in the User Group field and click on
CREATE
• Enter the description of the User Group in the next popup that appears.
• Enter the SAP User-Ids of all the users you wish to include in the test group.
• Go to transaction SQ02
• Ensure that you are in the correct SAP Query area by navigating to Environment à Query Areas
• Enter the name of the InfoSet you wish to create and click on CREATE.
• Enter the title and the logical database on the popup screen that appears.
We have used the LDB F1S (Flight bookings related) for our demo purpose.
• Change InfoSet screen appears.
• Expand the tree on the left hand side to view the fields in each table. As seen on the screen, the left
side of the screen shows the tables and the fields. The right side displays the field groups.
• Now we need to assign fields to the field groups. These field groups will display in the SAP Query
tool during reporting. Please note that only the fields that are included here will be available for
field selection in the SAP Query Tool that uses this infoSet as a data source.
• Select the field group on the right side and then drag and drop the fields from the left side to this
field group. •
When all the required fields are added, click on SAVE.
• Go to transaction SQ02
• Enter the InfoSet name created above and click on “User Group Assignment” button.
• Select the query group “ZSAPTECH_GRP” from the above list and click on SAVE.
InfoSet Query is suitable for reporting in all areas of the SAP R/3 system. A special feature is the Human
Resources (HR) component. When InfoSet Query is used in HR for ad-hoc reporting, the name Ad-Hoc Query
is used instead of InfoSet Query.
The first step in the process of creating an Ad-Hoc query is to create a Functional Area. Function area provides
special views of logical databases. They determine which fields of a logical database can be evaluated in
queries.
Go to Tcode SQ03.
Select Query areas
Menu->Environment->Query areas
Here you specify the users who should be authorized to run the query. A user group is always associated with a
Functional Area.
- Go to the menu path Environment => User Group or SQ03 à Give a user group name in the screen.
Specify the sap logins of the users whom you want to authorize for using the functional area and click on the
Create button.
Save......
Back....
Select selection screen field and Output fields...(the fields you required as Selection screen fields and the fields
you need as Output fields)
Select output check box with right click –select output-only value..
Click on continue....
Back...
Scope: All task lists pertaining to Production and Planning; Routing (N), Master Recipe (2), Rate Routing (R)
Procedure:
After you click on create button, system will populate the following window, complete the details with right
information
Once you have done with above steps you will get “Choose Data Source” screen. Here in the following step you
need to connect different tables properly in order to get task list data.
We are starting with MAPL (Assignment of Task Lists to Materials) table. Similarly, we need to take following
tables in order to get the appropriate information.
After you finish with above activities the screen will look like
Following tables explain the link details between different tables used above:
In the following steps, mainly you need to select which fields you want to see in selection screen and which one
in output.
Similarly select all those fields from table enlisted which you want to see in Selection and Display screen.
o Material
o Plant
o Task List Type
o Material
o Material Description
o Plant
o Group
o Group Counter
o Task List Description
o Usage
o Status
o From Lot Size
o UoM
o To Lot Size
o UoM
o Operation/Activity
o Work center
o Work center description
o Operation short Text
o Operation Base Quantity
o UoM
o Standard value1
o UoM for Std value1
o Standard value2
o UoM for Std value2
o Standard value3
o UoM for Std value3
o Setup Group Key
o Setup Group Category
Note: As per your requirement, you can select/deselect additional fields in Quick viewer: Initial screen
It’s better to arrange Sort Sequence in order to get proper operation number in output for a combination of
Group, Group Counter, Material, and Plant.
Check and Save the Query.
Now it’s the time to see the result of efforts that you have put in to develop this query.
2. By using the transport option available on the application bar in Transactions SQ02 or SQ03.
On the next screen, all the options come up for transporting the queries. The transport action is performed
based on the radio button selected on the screen.
The transports are to be made in the following order:
The transports are to be made in the specified order. The User Group is to be transported first, followed by the
Infoset and then the Queries.
Execute the standard program RSAQR3TR On the next screen, all the options come up for transporting the
queries. The transport action is performed based on the radio button selected on the screen.
Once the query is transported or uploaded in the destination system in the method specified above, the same
can be used there for displaying the data fetched from the database.
Design Logic:
1. Maintain a custom table with two fields – query name and query expiry date.
2. Design a custom function module which will collect the current SAP query name at run time (i.e. during
query execution); check the expiry date of that query from the custom table and generate an error
message if the query is expired or work as per the code in the infoset if it’s not expired.
3. Put that custom function module in the infosets of all the queries. Keep all the executable codes of the
infosets in the ‘ELSE’ part of the sy-subrc check.
Explanations:
For more details on user group, infoset and query name, refer to table AQLQCAT.
Step 2: Maintain query names along with their expiry dates in the Z-table ZQUERY_EXPIRE via SM30.
Step 3: Design a custom function module ZQUERY_EXP_CHECK with an exception QUERY_EXPIRED
(Query has expired).
FUNCTION zquery_exp_check.
*"---------------------------------------------------------------
*"*"Local Interface:
*" EXCEPTIONS
*" QUERY_EXPIRED
*"---------------------------------------------------------------
TABLES: zquery_expire.
CONSTANTS: c_fill TYPE c VALUE '='.
DATA: v_sycprog LIKE sy-cprog,
v_user_grp1(30) TYPE c,
v_user_grp2(14) TYPE c,
v_query_name1(14) TYPE c,
v_rest(14) TYPE c,
v_query_name TYPE aqs_quname.
TYPES: BEGIN OF ty_query,
qnum TYPE aqs_quname,
exp_date TYPE datum,
END OF ty_query.
DATA: wa_query TYPE ty_query,
i_query TYPE STANDARD TABLE OF ty_query INITIAL SIZE 0.
v_sycprog = sy-cprog.
v_user_grp1 = v_sycprog+4(26).
v_user_grp2 = v_user_grp1+12(14).
SPLIT v_user_grp2 AT c_fill INTO v_query_name1 v_rest.
v_query_name = v_query_name1.
SELECT qnum
exp_date
FROM zquery_expire
INTO TABLE i_query
WHERE qnum EQ v_query_name.
LOOP AT i_query INTO wa_query.
* If the query expires, generate the error message
IF wa_query-exp_date LT sy-datum.
MESSAGE e000(zbasis_msg) RAISING query_expired.
* If the expiary date is today or yet to come, don't do anything
ELSE.
MESSAGE i002(zbasis_msg).
ENDIF.
ENDLOOP.
ENDFUNCTION.
Step 4: Call this custom function module from the START-OF-SELECTION code sections of all the infosets of
the queries that are maintained in the custom table ZQUERY_EXPIRE.
Here we’ve added the following code in all the infosets of the 3 queries maintained in the custom table.
Test: Suppose today’s date is 20/03/2009. The expiry date of the query BEJ_QRY_TEST1 was 18.03.2009 (as
maintained in the Z-table).
Scenario 1: Execute the query BEJ_QRY_TEST1 (expiry date is less than the current date) from SQ01.
Scenario 2: Execute the query QRY_TEST3 (expiry date is equal to the current date) from SQ01.
Execute; the actual code of the infoset will be executed.
a. Using t-code SQ03, create one user group ZPROD_BEJ (Jayanta Bej's User Group).
a. Using t-code SQ02, create one infoset BATCH_JOBLIST_REPORT with the direct read from the table
TBTCO and including key field only.
b. Add two selection criterion S_JOBNAM (Job Name) & S_STRTDT (Start Date) and one parameter
P_ENDTIM (Time) in the Selections tab.
Details: S_JOBNAM.
Details: S_STRTDT.
Details: P_ENDTIM.
c. Go to Code tab. In the DATA section, write the following code:
DATA : FLAG(1),
FLAG1(1),
FLAG2(1),
status(15).
DATA: begin of gt_TBTCO occurs 0,
JOBNAME type TBTCO-JOBNAME,
SDLSTRTDT type TBTCO-SDLSTRTDT,
SDLSTRTTM type TBTCO-SDLSTRTTM,
ENDTIME type TBTCO-ENDTIME,
STATUS type TBTCO-STATUS.
DATA: end of gt_TBTCO.
DATA: begin of gt_TBTCO1 occurs 0,
JOBNAME type TBTCO-JOBNAME,
SDLSTRTDT type TBTCO-SDLSTRTDT,
SDLSTRTTM type TBTCO-SDLSTRTTM,
ENDTIME type TBTCO-ENDTIME,
stat(15).
DATA: end of gt_TBTCO1.
DATA: begin of gt_TBTCO2 occurs 0,
JOBNAME type TBTCO-JOBNAME,
SDLSTRTDT type TBTCO-SDLSTRTDT,
SDLSTRTTM type TBTCO-SDLSTRTTM,
ENDTIME type TBTCO-ENDTIME,
stat(15).
DATA: end of gt_TBTCO2.
DATA : gt_tbtco3 like gt_tbtco occurs 0 with header line.
DATA : gt_tbtco4 like gt_tbtco occurs 0 with header line.
d. In the START-OF-SELECTION section, write the following code:
select JOBNAME
SDLSTRTDT
SDLSTRTTM
ENDTIME
STATUS
from TBTCO
into corresponding fields of table gt_tbtco3
where jobname in s_jobnam
and status = 'P'.
refresh gt_tbtco[].
clear gt_tbtco[].
select JOBNAME
SDLSTRTDT
SDLSTRTTM
ENDTIME
STATUS
from TBTCO
into corresponding fields of table gt_tbtco
where jobname in s_jobnam
and SDLSTRTDT in s_strtdt.
check sy-subrc = 0.
sort gt_tbtco by JOBNAME SDLSTRTTM.
gt_tbtco4[] = gt_tbtco[].
delete gt_tbtco where ENDTIME < P_ENDTIM
and ( status = 'F' or status = 'A' ).
sort gt_tbtco by JOBNAME SDLSTRTTM.
Loop at gt_tbtco.
at new jobname.
flag = 'X'.
endat.
if flag = 'X'.
MOVE-CORRESPONDING gt_tbtco to gt_tbtco1.
if gt_tbtco-status = 'F' .
if ( gt_tbtco-SDLSTRTTM le P_ENDTIM ) .
gt_tbtco1-stat = 'Active'.
append gt_tbtco1.
clear gt_tbtco1.
else.
gt_tbtco1-stat = 'Released'.
append gt_tbtco1.
clear gt_tbtco1.
endif.
elseif gt_tbtco-status = 'F' and gt_tbtco-SDLSTRTTM ge P_ENDTIM.
gt_tbtco1-stat = 'Cancelled'.
append gt_tbtco1.
clear gt_tbtco1.
else.
status = gt_tbtco-status.
case status.
when 'R'.
if ( gt_tbtco-SDLSTRTTM le P_ENDTIM ) .
gt_tbtco1-stat = 'Active'.
else.
gt_tbtco1-stat = 'Released'.
endif.
when 'Z'.
gt_tbtco1-stat = 'Suspended'.
when 'A'.
gt_tbtco1-stat = 'Cancelled'.
when 'P'.
gt_tbtco1-stat = 'Scheduled'.
when 'S'.
gt_tbtco1-stat = 'Released'.
when 'Y'.
gt_tbtco1-stat = 'Released'.
endcase.
append gt_tbtco1.
clear gt_tbtco1.
endif.
endif.
CLEAR FLAG.
clear status.
endloop.
sort gt_tbtco1 by jobname.
sort gt_tbtco3 by jobname.
Loop at s_jobnam.
read table gt_tbtco1 with key jobname = s_jobnam-low.
if sy-subrc = 0.
flag1 = 'X'.
move-corresponding gt_tbtco1 to gt_tbtco2.
append gt_tbtco2.
clear gt_tbtco2.
else.
read table gt_tbtco3 with key jobname = s_jobnam-low.
if sy-subrc = 0.
flag2 = 'X'.
move-corresponding gt_tbtco3 to gt_tbtco2.
gt_tbtco2-stat = 'Scheduled'.
append gt_tbtco2.
clear gt_tbtco2.
else.
read table gt_tbtco4 with key jobname = s_jobnam-low.
if sy-subrc = 0.
flag2 = 'X'.
move-corresponding gt_tbtco4 to gt_tbtco2.
if gt_tbtco4-status = 'F'.
gt_tbtco2-stat = 'Finished'.
else.
gt_tbtco2-stat = 'Canceled'.
endif.
append gt_tbtco2.
clear gt_tbtco2.
endif.
endif.
endif.
if flag1 <> 'X' and flag2 <> 'X'.
gt_tbtco2-jobname = s_jobnam-low.
gt_tbtco2-stat = 'Not Scheduled'.
append gt_tbtco2.
clear gt_tbtco2.
endif.
clear : flag1,flag2.
endloop.
if not gt_tbtco2[] is Initial.
* Display List of Cases to be Cancelled
CALL FUNCTION 'RS_COMPLEX_OBJECT_EDIT'
EXPORTING
object_name = 'RESULTS'
changing
object = GT_TBTCO2[]
EXCEPTIONS
OBJECT_NOT_SUPPORTED = 1
OTHERS = 2.
endif.
EXIT.
Generate the infoset and then attach it to the user group ZPROD_BEJ.
Using t-code SQ01, create one query BATCH_JOBLIST for the infoset BATCH_JOBLIST_REPORT.
Step 4: Execute the query from SQ01 with proper variant for the list of background jobs whose hourly status
needs to be found out.
Select the variant. Suppose we want to find out the background status at 2 PM for the below list of jobs:
PROC_CHGPNTRS_ENERGYCARE
PROCESS_CP_ACTIVITY
PROCESS_CP_CONTACT
PROCESS_CP_CONTRACT
PROCESS_CP_SALESORDER
PROCESS_IDOC_IN_ACTIVITY
PROCESS_IDOC_IN_ADDRSYNCH
PROCESS_IDOC_IN_BPCAMERGE
PROCESS_IDOC_IN_OAMUPDATE
PROCESS_IDOC_IN_PARTNRUPD
PROCESS_IDOC_IN_PREPAY
PROCESS_IDOC_IN_SALESORDR
PROCESS_IDOC_OUT_ACTIVITIES
PROCESS_IDOC_OUT_AQSND0055
PROCESS_IDOC_OUT_CONTACTS
PROCESS_IDOC_OUT_CONTRACT
PROCESS_IDOC_OUT_OBJSD0064
PROCESS_IDOC_OUT_SOSTATUS
PROCESS_CP_FILES
PROCESS_IDOC_OUT_FILES
SWWERRE
SWEQSRV
SWWDHEX
ZUBC_DELETE_WORKITEMS
ZZ_IDOC_DISPATCH
Z_APP_LOG_DEL_DAILY
ZUBC_DELETE_IDOCS
EMMA_AUTOPROC_SB61
ZUUBI_REPLACEMENT_BILLING_01
ZUBC_DELETE_APP_LOGS
SAP_ARCH_RETHIST
SAP_ARCH_PAYLOTS
SAP_ARCH_RETLOTS
SAP_APURG_MDR1
Put all these job names in the select option for job name. In the variant, the date should be equal to current date
and time should be current time and should be done as follows:
Now selecting the variant JOBLIST (JOB LIST STATUS), execute the query.
Press enter.
3. Press ‘Code’.
3. Select the ‘DATA’ coding section.
TYPE-POOLS: slis.
TABLES: scarr.
* Type for taking data from tables SFLIGHT and SCARR
TYPES: BEGIN OF ty_flight,
carrid TYPE s_carr_id,
connid TYPE s_conn_id,
fldate TYPE s_date,
seatsmax TYPE s_seatsmax,
seatsocc TYPE s_seatsocc,
carrname TYPE s_carrname,
currcode TYPE s_currcode,
END OF ty_flight.
* Internal table and work area declaration
DATA: wa_flight TYPE ty_flight,
i_flight TYPE STANDARD TABLE OF ty_flight INITIAL SIZE 0,
i_fldcat TYPE slis_t_fieldcat_alv,
wa_fldcat TYPE slis_fieldcat_alv.
5. Now go to START-OF-SELECTION section
And write the following code in START-OF-SELECTION section to display a few field data in ALV grid
display report format.
The following selection screen will appear where we need to put the flight date.
Enter the flight date as 11.06.2008 and execute the query; we’ll get the following ALV grid display report.
SAP Query
Step-by-step procedure in creating a simple list using SAP Query
1. Go to Transaction SQ01.
2. The title bar shows you the query group you are currently in.
3. Ensure that you are in the correct SAP Query area by navigating to Environment à Query Areas
4. In the field “Query”, enter the name of the query you want to create and press CREATE.
7. Enter the title and any other notes that are required.
Click on “Next
screen” button as shown in the above screenshot.
8. All the field groups available with the InfoSet are listed above. We can select the field groups that
need to be listed in the report.
10. All the fields in the selected Field groups appear in this screen. We can select any particular fields
we would like to have in our report.
12. In this screen, we can select the fields to appear on the selection screen during execution of the
report.
13. Click on the “Basic List” button to create a SAP Basic list query.
14. For each field, specify the line number and sequence number as you would like to appear on the
report. You can also use this screen to indicate sort order, totals and counts (as necessary).
As shown above, the line structure would display the appearance of fields on the selection-screen.
16. Click on EXECUTE button to execute the report. As it is seen on normal reports, here also the
selection-screen appears.
Working with Infosets, User Groups, Query in detail
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Infosets Components
End-users are able to work only with those InfoSets that are relevant to their particular area, as
designated by the role or user group that they are assigned to.
Eg: Vendor master data can be important in purchasing as well as in accountancy. The relevant
InfoSet is assigned to both roles/user groups. This means that queries based on this InfoSet can
be copied and executed by both groups.
Do you need additional information which is not available in the data source? (This means you
are going to have to connect additional tables and the definitions of additional fields.)
Do you need parameters and selection criteria? (Parameters and selection criteria appear on the
selection screens of queries that are created using the InfoSet).
1. Name
2. Authorization group: This means that only users authorized to execute programs from this authorization
group are able to execute these queries. Use Tcode: AUTH_DISPLAY_OBJECTS
3. Choose Data Source:
Table join using a table: Is used when Query is prepared for retrieving data from more than one
database tables having relationships.
Reading tables directly: Is used when Query is prepared for retrieving data from one table.
Logical databases: Is used when Query is prepared for retrieving data based on a
Logical database (LDB)
4. Using programs to retrieve data: Here a program can be written with own logic. Declaration in data section of
the program will help the query to select the elements of data to be retrieved from database. As per the logic,
data is validated, processed. The selection screen can be prepared in Query and data is retrieved for output.
Sequential datasets
4. Options
Display/Change Infoset
The InfoSet display allows you to examine or change the structure of the InfoSet.
Extras
Selections
Further Code
Fields must be assigned to a field group before they can be used in queries.
Note:
Logical Database having more than 4 structures has different way of creating field groups.Eg:
PNP
The User Groups component is used to maintain user groups. The system administrator uses it
to set up the work environment for end-users.
Every user assigned to the user group is able to execute the query.
Users are not allowed to modify queries from other user groups, although they may, under
certain circumstances, copy and execute
1.Creating infosets or functional areas
Tcode-SQ02
2. To create user groups and assign to infosets
Tcode-SQ03
3. To create a query
Tcode-SQ01
Steps to create selection criteria to the query
Tcode-SQ01