CONTEMPORARY ARCHITECTURE IN PAKISTAN

ARCHITECTURE IN PAKISTAN
SUBMITTED BY: RAFIA TARIQ-32
SUBMITTED TO: SIR JUNAID
CONTEMPORARY ARCHITECTURE:
CONTEMPORARY ARCHITECTURE IS A FORM OF CONSTRUCTION THAT
EMBODIES THE VARIOUS STYLES OF BUILDING DESIGNS.CONTEMPORARY
ARCHITECTURE CUTS AWAY FROM THE MODERN ARCHITECTURE OF THE LATE
TWENTIETH CENTURY BY INCLUDING ECO-FRIENDLY FEATURES AND
EMBRACING ALL KINDS OF CREATIVITY. (Mwanik, 2019)
CONTEMPORARY ARCHITECTURE IS THE ARCHITECTURE OF THE 21ST CENTURY.
NO SINGLE STYLE IS DOMINANT; CONTEMPORARY ARCHITECTS ARE WORKING
IN A DOZEN DIFFERENT STYLES, FROM POSTMODERNISM AND HIGH-TECH
ARCHITECTURE TO HIGHLY CONCEPTUAL AND EXPRESSIVE STYLES,
RESEMBLING SCULPTURE ON AN ENORMOUS SCALE. (Anon., 2019)

ELEMENTS:
DISTINCTIVE ELEMENTS OF CONTEMPORARY ARCHITECTURE INCLUDE FREE-
FLOWING FORM, CREATIVITY, AND THE EXTENSIVE USE OF CURVED LINES.HE
CONTEMPORARY ARCHITECTURE USES THE LATEST TECHNOLOGY AND
MATERIALS.ONE DISTINCTIVE ELEMENT OF CONTEMPORARY ARCHITECTURE IS
THE EXPRESSIVENESS OF FORM AND DESIGN. THE BUILDINGS INCORPORATE
INNOVATIVE AND CREATIVE DESIGNS WHICH ARE MEANT TO BE NOTICED AND
APPRECIATED. THE AESTHETIC SENSE IS VERY MUCH EMPHASIZED IN THE
DESIGN OF STRUCTURES. THERE IS ALSO A WIDE RANGE OF MATERIAL
COMBINATIONS TO BRING OUT CONTRAST OR UNIFORMITY. A SINGLE BUILDING
COULD BE BUILT USING CONCRETE, GLASS, ALUMINUM SCREENS AND
MULTIPLE OTHER MATERIALS THAT MAY NOT BE COMMON IN MODERN
ARCHITECTURE BUILDINGS. THE INNOVATIVENESS INCLUDES ASYMMETRIC
FACADES AND CRYSTAL-LIKE FACETS THAT CHANGE COLOR DEPENDING ON
THE ORIENTATION OF THE SUN AT DIFFERENT TIMES OF THE DAY.THIS IS
ACHIEVED THROUGH DESIGN OF BUILDINGS THAT ARE ENERGY EFFICIENT AND
THAT USE RECYCLED MATERIAL FOR THE MOST PART OF THE CONSTRUCTION
PROCESS.BUILDINGS COULD BE POWERED BY SOLAR PANELS, USED AS THE
ROOFING MATERIAL. MOST CONTEMPORARY BUILDINGS HAVE OVERSIZED
WINDOWS WHICH ALLOW FOR MAXIMUM NATURAL LIGHT TO PASS THROUGH.
THIS NOT ONLY INCREASES THE ASSOCIATION WITH SPACE BUT ALSO
IMPROVES AIRINESS AND MINIMIZES AIR CONDITIONING COSTS.
CONTEMPORARY ARCHITECTURE OFTEN FEATURES DRAMATIC LINES AND
ANGLES. (Mwanik, 2019)

CONTEMPORARY BUILDINGS ARE DESIGNED TO BE NOTICED AND TO ASTONISH.

SOME FEATURE CONCRETE STRUCTURES WRAPPED IN GLASS OR ALUMINUM
SCREENS, VERY ASYMMETRIC FACADES, AND CANTILEVERED SECTIONS WHICH
HANG OVER THE STREET. SKYSCRAPERS TWIST, OR BREAK INTO CRYSTAL-LIKE
FACETS. FACADES ARE DESIGNED TO SHIMMER OR CHANGE COLOR AT
DIFFERENT TIMES OF DAY. (Anon., 2019)
ANOTHER FEATURE OF CONTEMPORARY ARCHITECTURE TODAY IS THE USE OF
NEW MATERIALS FOR BOTH THE INTERIOR AND THE EXTERIOR. TRADITIONAL
MATERIALS LIKE GLASS, WOOD, BRICK, AND METALS ARE PREFERRED. PLANTS
ALSO HAVE THEIR PLACE WITHIN CONTEMPORARY ARCHITECTURE,
PARTICULARLY ON ROOFS, BUT ALSO, INCREASINGLY, ON THE WALLS. IF YOU
HAVE A GREEN THUMB, YOU CAN TAKE ADVANTAGE OF THIS TREND TOWARDS
REVEGETATION AND GROW A VERTICAL GARDEN.THE USE OF PHOTOVOLTAIC
CELLS, GEOTHERMAL HEATING, HEAT PUMPS, HEAT EXCHANGERS, AND
THERMAL COLLECTORS IS CONSIDERED.LARGER AND MORE PLENTIFUL
WINDOWS.MULTIPLE OPENINGS AND THEIR UNCOMMON POSITIONING,
PANORAMIC WINDOWS, WINDOW WALLS, AND SKYLIGHTS HAVE ALL ENTERED
THE PLAYING FIELD. (Anon., n.d.)

TECHNOLOGY:
TUBE STRUCTURE,SIMULATIONS AND COMPUTER-AIDED DESIGNS
CONTEMPORARY ARCHITECTURE IN PKAISTAN:
ORIGIN:
A HUNDRED YEARS OF BRITISH RULE PRODUCED A CULTURAL DUALISM. IN
WHICH TRADITIONAL VALUES HELD SWAY OVER THE PRIVATE LIVES OF MOST
PEOPLE, BUT MOST THOROUGHLY OVER THE POORER SECTIONS OF THE
POPULATION, ESPECIALLY THE RURAL MASSESWITH THE PARTITION OF INDIA
AND INDEPENDENCE IN 1947, PAKISTAN INHERITED A STATE STRUCTURE SET UP
BY THE BRITISH, AND ALONG WITH IT THE WESTERN CONCEPT OF
ARCHITECTURE. (MUMTAZ, 1985)
INSPIRATION:
THE ARCHITECTS TRAINED IN THE WESTERN TRADITION NATURALLY DE¬RIVED
THEIR INSPIRATION FROM THE MODERN MOVEMENT, THE BAUHAUS SCHOOL, LE
CORBUSIER AND FRANK LLOYD WRIGHT. (MUMTAZ, 1985)
PHILOSPHY:
ROOTED IN THE HUMANISM AND RATIONALISM OF THE RENAISSANCE, WHICH
PLACED MAN, NOT GOD, IN THE CENTRE OF THE UNIVERSE AND MADE HIM THE
MEASURE OF ALL THINGS.THE UNIVERSE IS KNOWABLE; KNOWING IT, MAN
WITH HIS INTELLECT AND CAPACITY FOR RATIONAL THOUGHT CAN
MANIPULATE IT AND CHANGE IT; MAN CAN THUS REDESIGN THE WORLD; BUT
TO CREATE ANEW HE MUST START, GOD-LIKE, FROM ZERO. THAT IS TO SAY, HE
MUST REJECT ALL PRECONCEIVED FORMS, PRECEDENTS AND TRADITIONS.
BEING PURELY BASED ON LOGIC AND RATIONALITY, THE NEW WORLD WILL BE
COMPOSED OF 'PURE' FORMS. THAT IS, UNDILUTED, PURE, ELEMENTARY
GEOMETRIC FORMS, ABSTRACT FORMS, FORMS THAT EXIST IN THEMSELVES,
NOT DEPENDANT ON EXTER¬NAL OBJECTS. THE NEW FORMS THUS CREATED
WILL BE DETERMINED BY THE LOGIC OF `FUNCTION'; THEY WILL BE DESIGNED
LIKE MACHINES FOR EFFICIENCY. BETTER STILL, THEY WILL BE PRODUCED BY
MACHINES.THEY WILL THUS BE PERFECT IN THEIR PRECISION,CHEAP AND
ABUNDANT.DECORATION IS REDANDANT AND MUST THEREFORE BE
REJECTED.PURITY OF MATERIALS SHOULD BE LEFT PURE WITH NO APPLIED
DECORATION.THE FINISHED COLOURS AND TEXTURES OF BUILDING MUST BE
NATURAL TEXTURES AND COLORS OF THE MATERILAS THEMSELVES.THE
STRUCTURE SYSTEM MUST BE EXPRESSED EXTERNALLY AS WELL AS WELL AS
INTERNALLY. (MUMTAZ, 1985)
GENERATIONS:
1.FIRST GENERATION
2.THE YOUNG GENERATION
3. THIRD GENERATION
4. FOURTH GENERATION