Excell

CANNABIS
Annual Prevalence of Use as a percentage of the population aged 15-64 (unless otherwise indicated)
Adjustmen
Hig Femal
Region Sub-region Country Best Low Male Year Age Source Method t/
h e
notes
Africa Eastern Africa Kenya 1.20 2.10 0.30 2016 15 - 64 ARQ HHS
Kenya 2.10 0.30 4.00 2007 15-65 Govt HHS b, e
Kenya 7.10 2004 15-64 ARQ, NGO, Council of Europe SS, A c, d, e, f
Madagascar 9.10 2004 15-64 ARQ SS, A d, e
Mauritius 1.08 2009 15-54 Government source a
Mauritius 3.90 2004 15-54 ARQ
Northern Africa Algeria 0.52 1.06 0.03 2010 12+ ARQ HHS
Egypt 6.24 2.90 9.58 2006 15-64 Govt; Academic Research HHS, SS a, d
Morocco 4.22 2004 15-64 ARQ HHS
Tunisia 2.60 2013 15-64 ARQ HHS
Southern and South-Eastern Africa South Africa 3.65 2.88 4.42 2011 15-64 ARQ SS d, e
South Africa 4.26 3.52 6.18 2008 15-64 ARQ HHS a, e
Zambia 9.50 4.00 15.60 2004 15-64 Govt; Academic Research SS d, e
Zambia 17.70 2003 UNODC Estimate
West and Central Africa Burkina Faso 2.90 2006 15-64 UNODC Estimate d, e
Cabo Verde 2.40 2012 15-64 UNODC/Govt. HHS
Cabo Verde 8.10 2004 15-64 UNODC Estimate d, e
Liberia 3.18 1.53 4.83 2008 15-64 UNODC Estimate a, b, e
Nigeria 10.76 10.26 11.26 18.80 2.60 2017 15-64 Government/UNODC HHS/I
Nigeria 14.30 11.76 16.84 2008 15-64 ARQ HHS a, b, e
Sierra Leone 5.42 3.52 7.32 2010 15-64 UNODC Estimate a, b, e
Togo 1.00 0.20 3.10 2009 15-64 UNODC Estimate SS d, e
Togo 2.73 2006 15-64 UNODC Estimate SS d, e
Americas Caribbean Bahamas 3.10 5.00 1.00 2017 12-65 ARQ HHS
Bahamas 5.54 3.20 7.89 2008 15-64 ARQ SS d, e
Bahamas 4.70 2003 15-64 UNODC Estimate SS d, e
Barbados 8.30 2006 15-64 CICAD HHS
Dominican Republic 0.68 1.40 0.22 2010 12-65 CICAD HHS
Dominican Republic 0.31 0.25 1.41 2008 15-64 ARQ SS d, e
Haiti 1.51 0.26 2.75 2010 15-64 UNODC Estimate SS d, e
Jamaica 18.00 28.50 7.80 2016 12-65 Government HHS
Jamaica 7.21 4.25 10.17 2010 15-64 UNODC Estimate SS d, e
Jamaica 9.86 7.52 12.20 2006 15-64 Government source SS d, e
Jamaica 10.70 2001 12-55 UNODC Estimate e
Puerto Rico 4.88 3.10 6.65 2005 15-64 Government source SS d, e
Saint Lucia 8.87 5.64 12.10 2010 15-64 UNODC Estimate SS d, e
Saint Lucia 9.00 2006 15-64 UNODC Estimate SS d, e
Trinidad and Tobago 4.03 1.55 6.52 2010 15-64 UNODC Estimate SS d, e
Trinidad and Tobago 4.66 2.91 6.42 2006 15-64 Government source SS d, e
Trinidad and Tobago 3.70 2002 UNODC Estimate e
Central America (excluding Mexico) Belize 8.45 2005 12-65 CICAD HHS
Costa Rica 5.18 7.84 2.49 2015 15 - 64 ARQ HHS
Costa Rica 2.76 4.40 1.07 2010 15-64 ARQ HHS
Costa Rica 1.02 2006 12-70 ARQ HHS
El Salvador 2.03 1.12 3.67 3.93 0.62 2014 12-65 Government source HHS
El Salvador 0.39 0.35 0.43 2005 12-65 CICAD HHS
Guatemala 4.80 2005 12-65 UNODC Estimate HHS, SS c, d
Honduras 0.83 0.41 1.59 2005 12-65 UNODC Estimate SS d, e
Honduras 1.50 2004 15-64 UNODC Estimate SS d, e
Nicaragua 1.07 1.06 1.07 2006 12-65 UNODC Estimate HHS c
Nicaragua 2.20 2002 12-65 UNODC Estimate HHS
Panama 0.77 1.52 0.14 2015 12-65 ARQ HHS
Panama 3.55 3.40 3.70 2003 12-65 UNODC Estimate HHS d, e
Northern America (including Mexico) Bermuda 10.90 10.70 11.20 2009 16-65 Government source HHS
Canada 14.73 17.64 11.83 2015 15 - 64 ARQ HHS
Canada 12.70 16.40 9.00 2013 15-64 ARQ HHS
Canada 12.20 15.90 8.50 2012 15-64 ARQ HHS
Canada 10.90 2011 15-64 ARQ HHS
Canada 12.65 2010 15-64 ARQ HHS
Mexico 2.10 1.90 2.30 3.50 0.90 2016 12-65 ARQ/Government HHS
Mexico 1.20 0.96 1.46 2.20 0.30 2011 12-65 Government Source HHS
Mexico 1.00 2008 12-65 Government source HHS
United States of America 18.40 21.40 15.50 2017 15-64 ARQ HHS
United States of America 17.00 19.90 14.10 2016 15 - 64 ARQ HHS
United States of America 14.80 2012 15-64 ARQ HHS
South America Argentina 8.13 11.10 5.46 2017 15 - 64 ARQ HHS
Argentina 3.20 4.70 1.70 2011 15-64 ARQ HHS
Argentina 3.70 2008 15-64 ARQ HHS
Bolivia (Plurinational State of) 1.42 1.27 1.57 2.11 0.86 2014 12-65 UNODC Estimate HHS
Bolivia (Plurinational State of) 1.27 1.86 0.81 2013 12-65 ARQ HHS
Brazil 2.50 2016 15-64 Government source HHS
Brazil 2.60 2005 12-65 Government source HHS c
Chile 15.10 19.11 11.07 2016 15-64 ARQ HHS
Chile 11.83 15.37 8.38 2014 15-64 ARQ HHS
Chile 7.47 10.52 4.52 2012 15-64 ARQ HHS
Chile 4.88 2010 15-64 ARQ
Chile 6.70 2008 15-64 ARQ HHS
Colombia 3.27 2.94 3.60 5.36 1.30 2013 12-65 ARQ HHS
Colombia 2.27 1.93 2.61 3.79 0.93 2008 12-65 ARQ
Colombia 1.90 2003 18-65 ARQ
Ecuador 0.67 0.84 0.53 2013 12-65 ARQ HHS
Ecuador 0.70 2007 12-65 ARQ HHS
Guyana 4.60 2016 12-65 Government HHS
Guyana 4.04 1.56 6.53 2010 15-64 UNODC Estimate SS d, e
Guyana 3.50 0.97 5.95 2008 15-64 UNODC Estimate
Guyana 2.60 2002 UNODC Estimate
Paraguay 1.60 2005 12-65 UNODC Estimate
Peru 1.03 1.98 0.22 2010 12-65 ARQ HHS
Peru 0.70 2006 15-64 Government source HHS
Suriname 3.40 6.60 0.40 2013 12-65 ARQ HHS
Suriname 4.25 3.80 4.70 2007 12-65 Government source HHS
Suriname 2.00 2002 15-64 UNODC Estimate
Uruguay 9.30 12.50 6.40 2014 15-65 ARQ HHS
Uruguay 8.30 11.50 5.40 2011 15-64 ARQ HHS
Uruguay 5.60 2006 15-64 ARQ HHS
Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) 1.56 2011 12-65 Government source HHS
Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) 0.85 2005 15-64 Government source HHS a, e
Asia Central Asia and Transcaucasia Armenia 3.50 2003 15-64 UNODC Estimate
Azerbaijan 3.50 2004 15-65 UNODC Estimate
Georgia 3.40 6.60 0.50 2015 18 - 64 ARQ HHS
Georgia 2.70 1.20 4.30 2009 15-64 Government source/ NGO/Academic research SS b, d, e
Georgia 1.10 2005 15-64 ARQ SS a, d, e
Kazakhstan 2.40 0.60 4.30 2012 15-64 ARQ SS d
Kazakhstan 4.20 2003 15-64 INCSR
Uzbekistan 4.20 2003 15-64 UNODC Estimate e
East and South-East Asia Cambodia 3.50 2003 15-64 UNODC Estimate
China, Hong Kong SAR 0.40 0.23 1.99 2008 15-64 Government source SS d, e
China, Macao SAR 0.67 2003 15-64 UNODC Estimate R d, e
China, Taiwan Province of China 0.30 2005 12-64 AMCEWG
Indonesia 0.91 2015 10-59 Government HHS
Indonesia 0.18 0.33 0.04 2015 10-60 ARQ HHS
Indonesia 0.50 2010 10-60 ARQ HHS a
Indonesia 0.44 2008 10-59 ARQ HHS
Japan 0.03 2017 15-64 ARQ HHS
Japan 0.30 2011 15-64 UNODC Estimate HHS e
Lao People's Democratic Republic 0.88 0.69 1.07 2008 15-64 UNODC report SS c, d
Malaysia 1.60 2003 15-64 UNODC Estimate
Myanmar 0.94 2005 15-64 UNODC Estimate d, e
Philippines 1.64 2016 10-69 ARQ HHS
Republic of Korea 0.29 0.07 0.55 2004 15-64 ARQ HHS c, e
Thailand 1.20 2007 12-65 ARQ HHS
Near and Middle East/ South-West Asia Afghanistan 4.28 3.37 5.18 8.10 0.20 2009 15-64 UNODC/ Govt. Source HHS
Afghanistan 3.59 2005 15-64 UNODC Study (ICMP)
Iran (Islamic Republic of) 0.58 2015 15-64 Government source/UNODC Estimate HHS
Iran (Islamic Republic of) 0.61 0.54 0.70 2013 18+ Academic/UNODC Estimate NSUM a
Iran (Islamic Republic of) 0.17 2011 15-64 Government source
Israel 27.00 32.20 21.80 2016 18-65 ARQ HHS
Israel 8.88 8.90 8.90 12.30 5.50 2009 18-40 ARQ HHS
Israel 8.50 2005 18-40 ARQ
Kuwait 3.10 2005 15-64 UNODC Estimate
Lebanon 2.00 0.50 3.50 2009 15-64 Government source/MEDSPAD SS d, e
Lebanon 6.40 2001 15-64 ARQ d
Pakistan 3.60 3.10 4.00 6.70 0.20 2012 15-64 Government/UNODC
Pakistan 3.90 2000 15-64 INCSR
Saudi Arabia 0.30 2006 15-64 Government source/ NGO/Academic research R
United Arab Emirates 5.35 2006 15-64 UNODC Estimate
Southern Asia Bangladesh 3.30 2004 15-54 Academic research HHS a, e,f
Bhutan 4.20 1.80 6.50 2009 15-64 UNODC Estimate
India 2.83 5.00 0.60 2018 10-75 Government source HHS
Maldives 2.55 2012 15-64 Government source
Sri Lanka 1.42 1.26 1.58 2016 15-64 Government source I g,h
Sri Lanka 1.31 2012 15-64 ARQ HHS
Sri Lanka 1.43 1.43 1.43 2010 15-64 UNODC Estimate h
Europe Eastern Europe Belarus 1.07 0.90 1.30 2007 15-64 ESPAD SS c, d, e
Republic of Moldova 0.70 2010 15-64 Government source HHS
Russian Federation 3.49 3.46 3.51 2007 15-64 ESPAD/UNODC Estimate SS d, e
Ukraine 2.13 1.29 2.98 2015 15-64 ESPAD/UNODC Estimate SS d, e
Ukraine 2.90 1.20 4.60 2011 15-64 UNODC Estimate SS d
Ukraine 2.50 2.40 2.59 2007 15-64 ESPAD SS d, e
South-Eastern Europe (including Turkey) Albania 5.60 2014 15-64 HHS
Albania 5.60 10.20 1.00 2014 15 - 64 ARQ HHS
Albania 1.80 2006 15-64 Government source SS d, e
Bosnia and Herzegovina 1.60 0.32 2.89 2011 15-64 ESPAD SS d
Bosnia and Herzegovina 2.80 2.75 4.63 2007 15-64 ESPAD SS c, d, e
Bulgaria 4.20 5.90 2.30 2016 15 - 64 ARQ HHS
Bulgaria 3.50 5.10 1.90 2012 15-64 ARQ HHS
Bulgaria 2.50 2008 15-64 ARQ HHS
Bulgaria 2.20 2007 15-64 ARQ HHS c, d, e
Croatia 7.90 11.50 4.30 2015 15-64 ARQ HHS
Croatia 5.00 2012 15-64 EMCDDA HHS
Croatia 5.18 5.10 5.30 2007 15-64 ESPAD SS d, e
Montenegro 4.60 4.90 4.30 2017 15-64 ARQ HHS
Montenegro 1.82 1.10 2.54 2015 15-64 ESPAD/UNODC Estimate SS d, e
Montenegro 1.90 0.43 3.30 2011 15-64 ESPAD SS d
Montenegro 0.23 2008 15-64 ESPAD SS d, e
Romania 3.20 4.30 2.00 2016 15 - 64 ARQ HHS
Romania 2.00 2.30 1.80 2013 15-64 ARQ HHS
Romania 0.30 2010 15-64 ARQ HHS
Serbia 1.60 2.50 0.60 2014 18-64 Government source HHS
Serbia 4.07 2.75 5.39 2006 15-64 Government source HHS a, d, e
The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia 1.13 0.68 1.58 2015 15-64 ESPAD/UNODC Estimate SS d, e
The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia 0.63 0.46 2.38 2008 15-64 ESPAD SS d, e
Turkey 1.11 2.22 0.09 2017 15-64 EMCDDA HHS
Turkey 0.30 0.50 0.10 2011 15-64 EMCDDA HHS
Turkey 1.90 2003 15-64 UNODC Estimate
Western and Central Europe Austria 6.40 5.50 7.20 7.20 5.60 2015 15-64 Government source HHS
Austria 3.50 2008 15-64 ARQ HHS
Austria 7.50 2004 15-64 EMCDDA HHS
Belgium 4.60 6.30 2.90 2013 15-64 ARQ HHS
Belgium 5.10 7.20 3.20 2008 15-64 ARQ HHS
Belgium 5.00 2004 15-64 EMCDDA HHS
Cyprus 2.20 3.50 0.90 2016 15 - 64 ARQ HHS
Cyprus 2.20 3.50 1.00 2012 15-64 ARQ HHS
Cyprus 4.40 2009 15-64 ARQ HHS
Cyprus 2.10 2006 15-65 ARQ
Czechia 9.50 14.20 5.00 2016 15-64 ARQ HHS
Czechia 9.40 13.40 5.30 2015 15 - 64 ARQ HHS
Czechia 11.40 15.40 7.30 2014 15-64 ARQ HHS
Czechia 8.90 13.20 5.30 2013 15-64 ARQ HHS
Czechia 9.20 13.10 5.30 2012 15-64 ARQ HHS
Czechia 9.70 2010 15-64 ARQ HHS
Czechia 15.20 2008 15-64 Government source HHS
Denmark 6.40 8.70 4.60 2017 16-64 ARQ HHS
Denmark 6.90 9.20 5.10 2013 16-64 ARQ HHS
Denmark 5.40 2010 16-64 ARQ HHS
Estonia 6.00 8.30 3.80 2008 15-64 ARQ HHS
Estonia 4.60 2003 15-64 ARQ HHS
Finland 6.80 9.20 4.30 2014 15-64 ARQ HHS
Finland 4.60 5.80 3.30 2010 15-64 ARQ HHS
Finland 3.60 2006 15-64 ARQ HHS
France 11.00 15.10 7.10 2017 18-64 EMCDDA HHS
France 11.10 15.00 7.40 2014 15-64 ARQ HHS
France 8.40 11.80 5.20 2010 15-64 ARQ HHS
France 8.60 2005 15-64 ARQ
Germany 6.10 5.60 6.70 7.40 4.90 2015 15-64 ARQ/Academic HHS
Germany 4.50 6.00 3.00 2012 18-64 ARQ HHS
Germany 4.80 6.40 3.10 2009 18-64 ARQ HHS
Germany 4.70 2007 18-64 Government source HHS
Greece 2.80 4.10 1.60 2015 18-64 ARQ HHS
Greece 1.70 2.50 0.90 2004 15-64 EMCDDA
Hungary 1.53 2.46 0.81 2015 18-64 ARQ HHS
Hungary 2.30 1.70 2.90 2007 18-64 ARQ HHS
Iceland 5.80 7.40 4.20 2017 18-64 ARQ HHS
Iceland 6.60 2012 18-67 ARQ/Government HHS
Iceland 3.40 1.67 5.16 2011 15-64 ESPAD SS d
Iceland 3.37 3.21 3.53 2007 15-64 ESPAD SS d, e
Ireland 7.70 11.20 4.30 2015 15 - 64 ARQ HHS
Ireland 6.00 9.10 2.90 2011 15-64 ARQ HHS
Ireland 6.30 2007 15-64 Government source HHS
Italy 10.21 12.60 7.83 2017 15-64 ARQ HHS
Italy 9.20 11.90 6.60 2013 15-64 ARQ HHS
Italy 4.00 5.19 3.00 2012 15-64 ARQ HHS
Italy 14.60 2008 15-64 Government source HHS
Italy 11.20 2005 15-65 EMCDDA HHS
Latvia 4.20 6.90 1.70 2015 15-64 ARQ HHS
Latvia 4.00 5.70 2.40 2011 15-64 ARQ HHS
Latvia 4.90 2007 15-64 ARQ
Lithuania 2.70 4.60 1.00 2016 15 - 64 ARQ HHS
Lithuania 2.30 3.60 1.00 2012 15-64 ARQ HHS
Lithuania 5.60 2008 15-64 ARQ HHS
Lithuania 2.20 2004 15-64 ARQ
Luxembourg 4.90 6.60 3.50 2014 15-64 ARQ/EMCDDA HHS
Luxembourg 5.20 3.20 7.10 2010 15-64 ARQ SS d
Luxembourg 7.60 2003 15-64 UNODC Estimate
Malta 0.90 2013 15-64 ARQ HHS
Malta 3.10 1.39 4.82 2011 15-64 ESPAD SS d
Malta 4.51 4.42 4.60 2007 15-64 ESPAD SS d, e
Netherlands 9.20 8.50 9.90 12.30 6.20 2017 15-64 EMCDDA HHS
Netherlands 8.40 11.00 5.70 2016 15-64 EMCDDA HHS
Netherlands 8.00 10.50 5.40 2014 15-64 ARQ HHS
Netherlands 7.00 2009 15-64 ARQ
Norway 5.30 7.00 3.40 2017 16-64 ARQ HHS
Norway 3.90 5.10 2.60 2016 16 - 64 ARQ HHS
Norway 4.20 5.50 2.90 2015 16-64 ARQ HHS
Norway 4.20 6.00 2.30 2014 16-64 ARQ HHS
Norway 5.10 7.20 2.80 2013 16-64 ARQ HHS
Norway 3.80 2009 15–64 ARQ HHS
Norway 4.60 2004 15-64 ARQ
Poland 2.40 3.20 1.70 2016 15 - 64 ARQ HHS
Poland 4.60 7.80 1.70 2014 15-64 ARQ HHS
Poland 3.80 6.00 1.70 2012 15-64 ARQ HHS
Poland 9.60 2010 15-64 ARQ HHS
Portugal 5.10 7.30 3.10 2017 15-64 ARQ HHS
Portugal 2.70 4.10 1.30 2012 15-64 ARQ HHS
Portugal 3.60 2007 15-64 ARQ HHS
Slovakia 4.30 7.00 1.70 2015 15-64 ARQ HHS
Slovakia 3.63 2010 15-64 EMCDDA HHS
Slovakia 6.90 2006 15-64 ARQ HHS
Slovenia 4.40 5.90 2.80 2012 15-64 ARQ HHS
Slovenia 3.10 2007 15-64 EMCDDA HHS e
Spain 11.00 10.60 11.40 15.40 6.60 2017 15-64 EMCDDA HHS
Spain 9.50 13.30 5.60 2015 15 - 64 ARQ HHS
Spain 9.20 12.90 5.40 2013 15-64 ARQ HHS
Spain 9.60 13.60 5.50 2011 15-64 ARQ HHS
Spain 10.60 14.80 6.20 2009 15-64 ARQ HHS
Sweden 3.40 4.10 2.60 2016 16 - 64 ARQ HHS
Sweden 3.20 4.10 2.30 2015 16-64 ARQ HHS
Sweden 2.88 4.10 1.63 2014 15-64 ARQ HHS
Sweden 3.16 4.35 1.86 2013 17-64 ARQ HHS
Sweden 3.00 2012 16-64 ARQ HHS
Switzerland 9.09 2016 15-64 Government source HHS a
Switzerland 8.09 2015 15-64 ARQ HHS
Switzerland 6.70 9.30 4.20 2014 15-64 ARQ HHS
Switzerland 6.30 2012 15+ ARQ HHS
United Kingdom (England and Wales) 7.18 9.54 4.83 2017 16-59 Government source HHS
United Kingdom (England and Wales) 6.70 9.50 4.00 2014 16-59 ARQ HHS
United Kingdom (England and Wales) 6.60 9.10 4.10 2013 16-59 ARQ HHS
United Kingdom (England and Wales) 6.90 2011 16-59 Government source HHS
United Kingdom (England and Wales) 6.80 2010 16-59 Government source HHS
United Kingdom (Northern Ireland) 4.60 2014 15-64 Government source HHS
United Kingdom (Scotland) 6.29 9.00 3.68 2014 16-64 Government source HHS
United Kingdom (Scotland) 6.50 9.50 3.60 2013 16-64 Government source HHS
United Kingdom (Scotland) 7.00 2011 16-64 Government source HHS
United Kingdom (Scotland) 7.60 2010 16-64 Government source HHS
Oceania Australia and New Zealand Australia 10.40 13.10 7.90 2016 14+ ARQ HHS
Australia 10.20 12.80 7.60 2013 14+ ARQ HHS
Australia 10.30 2010 14+ ARQ HHS
Australia 10.60 2007 15-64 Government source HHS
New Zealand 14.03 18.55 9.61 2017 15-64 Government source HHS a
New Zealand 13.73 17.90 9.66 2016 15-64 Government source HHS a
New Zealand 11.00 10.30 11.70 14.30 7.90 2013 15+ Government source HHS
New Zealand 14.60 13.40 15.70 18.20 11.30 2008 16-64 Government source HHS
New Zealand 14.60 2007 16-64 Government source HHS
New Zealand 13.25 2006 15-64 ARQ HHS a
Melanesia Fiji 5.08 3.04 7.12 2004 15-64 Government source SS d, e
Except where the prevalence values are taken from household surveys, changes between years need to be interpreted with caution as they might reflect a change in the methodology or the data source from which the estimate was derived and therefore should not be
Method: HHS=Household survey, SS=School survey, A=Adjusted from other sources, I=Indirect estimates, R=Registry.
UNODC Adjustments: a=adjusted for age (15-64), b=population-based/household-type study/survey, c=adjusted from a limited geographic population-based study/survey, d=adjusted from school/youth survey, e=adjusted from lifetime/monthly prevalence adjusted to annual prevalence, f=adjusted fr
Rapid Assessments), g=adjusted from treatment data, h=adjusted from drug registries, i=adjusted from HIV, problematic drug users (only for heroin), j=lifetime prevalence reported, x=figure may include non-medical use of prescription opioids, z=figures may also include other non-ATS stimulants, z*=
stimulants, (non-prescription/non-therapeutic use).
The 'Method' and 'Adjustment/notes' columns have been completed only for more recent data included in previous and present issues of the World Drug Report.
cated)
Specific notes
Cannabis herb
Urban areas. Cannabis herb.
Cannabis herb
Cannabis herb
Cannabis herb
Cannabis herb
Cannabis herb
Cannabis herb and resin
Cannabis herb and resin
Herb
Cannabis herb
Estimate for 13 provinces

20 of 34 provinces.
Cannabis herb. Data for 2015/16.
Grass, hashish, marijuana and Gol

Hashish
Cannabis resin
Herb, resin and leaf

Approximate adjustment
Public health research

Cannabis herb
Data for 2014-15.
Data refers to 2013-14
Includes herb and hashish
Data refers to 2014/15
Data refers tor 2017/18. Crime Survey for England and Wales
Data refers tor 2016/17. Crime Survey for England and Wales
Data refers to 2015/16. Crime Survey for England and Wales
Data refers to 2013/14. Crime Survey for England and Wales.
Data refers to 2012/13. Crime Survey for England and Wales.
Data refers to 2010/11.

Data for 2016-17.

Data for 2015-16.
2012/13 New Zealand Health Survey: Drug Module
2007/08 New Zealand Alcohol and Drug Use Survey
the estimate was derived and therefore should not be considered as a change in prevalence.
hly prevalence adjusted to annual prevalence, f=adjusted from specialized population surveys (including
ds, z=figures may also include other non-ATS stimulants, z*= figures include the use of prescription
COCAINE
(includes cocaine salt, "crack" cocaine and other types such as coca paste, cocaine base, basuco, paco and merla)
Adjustmen
Hig Femal
Region Sub-region Country Best Low Male Year Age Source Method t/ Specific notes
h e
notes
Africa Eastern Africa Kenya 0.10 0.20 0.00 2016 15 - 64 ARQ HHS Crack
Kenya 0.30 0.20 0.40 2007 15-65 Government source HHS b, e
Egypt 0.02 2006 15-64 Govt; Academic Research HHS, SS a, d
Morocco 0.05 2004 15-64 ARQ
Southern and South-Eastern Africa South Africa 1.02 0.29 1.10 2011 15-64 ARQ SS d, e
South Africa 0.78 0.64 1.17 2008 15-64 ARQ HHS a, e
West and Central Africa Cabo Verde 0.20 2012 15-64 UNODC/Govt. HHS
Cabo Verde 0.23 2004 15-64 UNODC Estimate d, e
Nigeria 0.09 0.00 0.24 2017 15-64 Government/UNODC HHS/I
Americas Caribbean Barbados 0.40 2006 15-64 CICAD HHS
Dominican Republic 0.32 0.28 0.35 2010 12-65 CICAD HHS
Dominican Republic 0.30 0.13 0.57 2008 15-64 ARQ SS d, e
Haiti 0.90 2005 15-64 UNODC Estimate
Jamaica 1.10 2006 15-64 UNODC Estimate SS a, d
Saint Lucia 1.00 2002 15-64 UNODC Estimate
Central America (excluding Mexico) Belize 0.85 2005 12-65 UNODC Estimate HHS
Costa Rica 1.33 2.16 0.50 2015 15 - 64 ARQ HHS Includes cocaine salts and "crack"
El Salvador 0.37 0.27 0.47 0.73 0.11 2014 12-65 UNODC Estimate/ Government Source HHS
El Salvador 0.41 2005 12-65 ARQ HHS
Guatemala 0.21 2005 15-64 ARQ HHS
Honduras 0.87 2005 12-35 ARQ
Nicaragua 0.69 0.52 0.86 2006 12-65 UNODC Estimate HHS c
Panama 0.10 2015 12-65 ARQ HHS Urban areas
Panama 1.20 2003 12-65 Government source HHS
Canada 1.47 1.83 1.12 2015 15 - 64 ARQ HHS
Canada 1.10 1.60 0.60 2013 15-64 ARQ HHS
Canada 1.30 1.70 2012 15-64 ARQ HHS
Canada 1.10 2011 15-64 ARQ HHS
Mexico 0.80 0.63 0.97 1.40 0.20 2016 12-65 ARQ/Government HHS
Mexico 0.50 0.35 0.64 0.90 0.10 2011 12-65 Govt. source (ENA) HHS
United States of America 2.70 3.70 1.80 2017 15-64 ARQ HHS Cocaine salts
United States of America 2.40 3.10 1.70 2016 15 - 64 ARQ HHS Cocaine salts
South America Argentina 1.67 1.60 1.75 2017 15 - 64 UNODC Estimate HHS Includes cocaine salts and "paco"
Argentina 0.73 1.26 0.11 2011 16-65 ARQ HHS Does not include crack
Argentina 1.00 2008 12-65 Government Source HHS Does not include crack
Bolivia (Plurinational State of) 0.36 0.33 0.39 0.48 0.30 2014 12-65 UNODC Estimate HHS Salt and pasta base
Bolivia (Plurinational State of) 0.36 0.33 0.39 2013 12-65 UNODC Estimate HHS Salt and pasta base
Brazil 1.00 0.80 1.10 2016 15-64 Government source HHS Cocaine powder and crack
Brazil 0.70 2005 12-65 Government source HHS c
Chile 1.38 2.21 0.55 2016 15-64 ARQ HHS Cocaine salt, crack and "pasta base"
Chile 1.73 2.85 0.65 2014 15-64 ARQ HHS
Chile 1.21 1.92 0.51 2012 15-64 ARQ HHS
Chile 1.01 2010 15-64 ARQ HHS
Chile 2.40 2008 15-64 ARQ HHS
Colombia 0.70 0.55 0.84 1.23 0.20 2013 12-65 ARQ HHS
Colombia 0.72 0.53 0.90 1.28 0.22 2008 12-65 ARQ HHS
Colombia 0.80 2003 18-65 Government source
Ecuador 0.08 0.10 0.07 2013 12-65 ARQ HHS
Ecuador 0.20 0.14 0.25 2007 12-65 ARQ HHS
Paraguay 0.25 0.20 0.30 2003 12-64 UNODC Estimate HHS
Peru 0.48 0.34 0.61 2006 15-64 ARQ HHS
Suriname 0.25 0.20 0.30 2013 12-65 UNODC Estimate/ARQ HHS Cocaine salt and crack
Suriname 0.30 2007 12-65 Government source HHS
Suriname 0.50 2002 15-64 UNODC Estimate d
Uruguay 1.80 2.60 1.00 2014 15-65 ARQ HHS Cocaine salt and pasta base
Uruguay 2.10 3.40 0.90 2011 15-65 ARQ HHS Cocaine salt and pasta base
Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) 0.64 2011 12-65 ARQ HHS
Asia Central Asia and Transcaucasia Armenia 0.10 2005 15-64 UNODC Estimate HHS
Georgia 0.00 0.00 0.00 2015 18-64 ARQ HHS
East and South-East Asia China, Hong Kong SAR 0.25 0.20 0.30 2008 15-64 Government source SS d, e
Indonesia 0.00 0.00 0.00 2015 10-60 ARQ HHS 20 of 34 provinces.
Japan 0.00 2017 15-64 ARQ HHS
Philippines 0.07 2016 10-69 ARQ HHS Data for 2015/16
Philippines 0.04 2012 10-69 ARQ HHS Data refers to 2012/13. 17 of 18 regions.
Philippines 0.03 2005 15-64 UNODC Estimate HHS
Republic of Korea 0.03 2004 15-64 ARQ HHS e, f
Thailand 0.05 2007 15-64 ARQ HHS e
Near and Middle East/ South-West Asia Afghanistan 0.00 2009 15-64 UNODC/ Govt. Source HHS
Iran (Islamic Republic of) 0.01 0.00 0.01 2008 15-64 Government source I f, g
Israel 0.60 0.50 0.70 2016 18-65 UNODC Estimate HHS Salt and "crack"
Israel 1.06 0.94 1.19 1.64 0.42 2009 18-40 ARQ
Kuwait 0.04 2005 15-64 UNODC Estimate g
Syrian Arab Republic 0.00 2005 15-64 UNODC Estimate g
Southern Asia India 0.10 0.18 0.01 2018 10-75 Government source HHS/I
Maldives 0.04 2012 15-64 Government source HHS
Europe Eastern Europe Belarus 0.06 0.01 0.12 2007 15-64 ESPAD SS d, e
Republic of Moldova 0.04 0.02 0.06 2008 15-64 Government sources HHS e
Russian Federation 0.23 0.16 0.29 2007 15-64 ESPAD/UNODC Estimate SS d, e Appoximate adjustment
Ukraine 0.32 0.01 0.62 2015 15-64 ESPAD/UNODC Estimate d, e
South-Eastern Europe (including Turkey) Albania 2.50 2014 15-64 Public health research HHS
Albania 2.50 4.50 0.50 2014 15 - 64 ARQ HHS
Albania 0.78 0.01 1.62 2006 15-64 Government sources SS d, e
Albania 0.08 2004 15-64 UNODC Estimate e
Bosnia and Herzegovina 0.63 0.01 1.92 2008 15-64 ESPAD SS d, e
Bulgaria 0.30 0.40 0.20 2016 15 - 64 ARQ HHS
Bulgaria 0.20 0.20 0.10 2012 15-64 ARQ HHS
Croatia 0.80 1.20 0.40 2015 15-64 ARQ HHS Cocaine salt
Montenegro 0.52 0.17 0.86 2011 15-64 ESPAD SS d, e
Romania 0.20 0.20 0.20 2016 15 - 64 ARQ HHS
Romania 0.20 0.20 0.20 2013 15-64 ARQ HHS
Romania 0.04 2007 15-64 ARQ HHS e
Serbia 0.10 0.20 0.00 2014 18-64 Government source HHS
Serbia 0.54 0.14 1.18 2008 15-64 Government sources HHS a, d, e
The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia 0.08 2007 15-64 INCSR
Turkey 0.05 0.11 2017 15-64 EMCDDA HHS
Western and Central Europe Austria 0.40 0.20 0.60 0.40 0.30 2015 15-64 Government source HHS Including crack
Belgium 0.50 0.70 0.30 2013 15-64 ARQ HHS
Belgium 0.90 1.30 0.50 2008 15-64 ARQ HHS
Belgium 1.21 2007 15-64 ESPAD SS c, d, e
Cyprus 0.20 0.40 0.00 2016 15 - 64 ARQ HHS
Cyprus 0.30 0.40 0.20 2012 15-64 ARQ HHS
Cyprus 0.60 2006 15-65 ARQ
Czechia 0.30 0.40 0.20 2016 15-64 ARQ HHS Cocaine salts
Czechia 0.10 0.00 0.20 2015 15 - 64 ARQ HHS Cocaine salts
Czechia 0.20 0.50 0.00 2014 15-64 ARQ HHS Cocaine salt
Czechia 0.10 0.20 0.00 2013 15-64 ARQ HHS
Czechia 0.40 0.80 0.00 2012 15-64 ARQ HHS
Czechia 0.70 2008 15-64 Government sources HHS
Denmark 1.60 2.60 0.70 2017 16-64 ARQ HHS
Denmark 0.90 1.50 0.50 2013 16-64 ARQ HHS
Estonia 0.60 0.80 0.40 2008 15-64 ARQ HHS
Finland 0.50 0.90 0.10 2014 15-64 ARQ HHS Cocaine salt
Finland 0.20 0.30 0.10 2010 15-64 ARQ HHS
Finland 0.50 2006 15-64 ARQ
France 1.10 1.40 0.70 2014 15-64 ARQ HHS
France 0.60 2005 15-64 ARQ
Germany 0.60 0.40 0.90 0.80 0.50 2015 18-64 ARQ/Academic HHS Includes crack
Germany 0.80 1.30 0.30 2012 18-64 ARQ HHS cocaine and crack
Germany 0.80 1.20 0.40 2009 18-64 ARQ HHS
Greece 0.40 0.50 0.30 2015 18-64 ARQ HHS
Greece 0.10 0.10 0.10 2004 15-64 EMCDDA
Hungary 0.31 0.50 0.14 2015 18-64 ARQ HHS
Hungary 0.20 0.00 0.40 2007 18-64 ARQ HHS
Iceland 1.06 0.29 1.83 2015 15-64 ESPAD/UNODC Estimate SS d, e
Ireland 1.50 2.60 0.50 2015 15 - 64 ARQ HHS Data for 2014-15.
Ireland 1.50 2.30 0.70 2011 15-64 ARQ HHS
Italy 1.21 1.46 0.95 2017 15-64 ARQ HHS
Italy 1.10 1.40 0.70 2013 15-64 ARQ HHS Data refers to 2013-14
Italy 0.60 1.01 0.25 2012 15-64 ARQ HHS
Latvia 0.50 0.80 0.30 2015 15-64 ARQ HHS Only cocaine salt
Latvia 0.20 0.40 0.10 2011 15-64 ARQ HHS
Latvia 0.50 2007 15-64 ARQ HHS
Lithuania 0.30 2004 15-64 ARQ d
Luxembourg 0.40 2014 15-64 ARQ/Government source HHS
Malta 0.50 2013 15-64 ARQ HHS
Malta 1.78 0.69 2.86 2011 15-64 ESPAD SS d, e
Malta 1.11 1.07 1.15 2007 18-65 ESPAD SS d, e
Netherlands 1.20 2009 15-64 ARQ HHS
Norway 1.10 1.40 0.70 2017 16-64 ARQ HHS
Norway 0.60 1.00 0.30 2016 16 - 64 ARQ HHS
Norway 1.00 1.70 0.30 2015 16-64 ARQ HHS Cocaine salt
Norway 1.00 1.60 0.30 2014 16-64 ARQ HHS
Norway 0.90 1.60 0.20 2013 16-64 ARQ HHS
Norway 0.40 2009 15-64 ARQ HHS
Norway 0.80 2004 15-64 ARQ
Poland 1.40 1.40 1.50 2016 15 - 64 ARQ HHS
Poland 0.20 0.40 2014 15-64 ARQ HHS Data refers to 2014/15
Poland 0.20 0.30 2012 15-64 ARQ HHS
Poland 0.20 2006 16-64 ARQ
Portugal 0.20 0.30 0.10 2017 15-64 ARQ HHS Data refers to 2016/2017. Cocaine salt
Portugal 0.20 0.30 0.10 2012 15-64 ARQ HHS
Slovakia 0.10 0.30 0.00 2015 15-64 ARQ HHS
Slovenia 0.50 0.70 0.30 2012 15-64 ARQ HHS
Slovenia 0.60 2008 15-64 ARQ HHS e
Slovenia 0.88 2007 15-64 ESPAD SS d, e
Spain 2.20 2.00 2.40 3.40 1.00 2017 15-64 EMCDDA HHS
Spain 2.00 3.10 0.90 2015 15 - 64 ARQ HHS
Spain 2.20 3.30 1.00 2013 15-64 ARQ HHS
Spain 2.30 3.60 0.90 2011 15-64 ARQ HHS
Spain 2.70 4.20 1.00 2009 15-64 ARQ HHS
Sweden 0.60 0.80 0.40 2013 15-64 EMCDDA HHS
Switzerland 0.66 2015 15-64 ARQ HHS a Cocaine salt
United Kingdom (England and Wales) 2.67 3.73 1.58 2017 16-59 Government source HHS Includes powder cocaine. Data for 2017/18.
United Kingdom (England and Wales) 2.30 3.30 1.30 2016 16-59 Government source HHS Includes powder cocaine and crack. Data for 2016/17.
United Kingdom (England and Wales) 2.30 3.30 1.20 2015 16-59 ARQ HHS Data refers to 2015/16.
United Kingdom (England and Wales) 2.40 3.50 1.30 2014 16-59 ARQ HHS Data refers to 2014/15. Crime Survey for England and Wales
United Kingdom (England and Wales) 2.40 3.30 1.40 2013 16-59 ARQ HHS Data refers to 2013/14. Crime Survey for England and Wales.
United Kingdom (England and Wales) 2.00 2.80 1.10 2012 16-59 Government source HHS Data refers to 2012/13
United Kingdom (England and Wales) 2.20 2011 16-59 Government source HHS Data refers to 2011/12
United Kingdom (Northern Ireland) 1.80 2014 15-64 Government source HHS Data refers to 2014/15
United Kingdom (Scotland) 2.34 3.82 0.90 2014 16-64 Government source HHS Data refers to 2014/15
United Kingdom (Scotland) 2.40 2011 16-64 Government source HHS Data refers to 2010/11
New Zealand 0.60 0.30 0.80 0.90 0.30 2008 16-64 Government source HHS Cocaine/crack
Except where the prevalence values are taken from household surveys, changes between years need to be interpreted with caution as they might reflect a change in the methodology or the data source from which the estimate was derived and therefore should not be considered as a change in
prevalence.
UNODC Adjustments: a=adjusted for age (15-64), b=population-based/household-type study/survey, c=adjusted from a limited geographic population-based study/survey, d=adjusted from school/youth survey, e=adjusted from lifetime/monthly prevalence adjusted to annual prevalence, f=adjusted from specialized population surveys
(including Rapid Assessments), g=adjusted from treatment data, h=adjusted from drug registries, i=adjusted from HIV, problematic drug users (only for heroin), j=lifetime prevalence reported, x=figure may include non-medical use of prescription opioids, z=figures may also include other non-ATS stimulants, z*= figures include the use
of prescription stimulants, (non-prescription/non-therapeutic use).
AMPHETAMINES
(includes both amphetamine and methamphetamine)
Adjustment/
Region Sub-region Country Best Low High Male Female Year Age Source Method Specific notes
notes
Africa Northern Africa Algeria 0.03 0.06 0.01 2010 12+ ARQ HHS
Egypt 0.48 0.43 0.52 2006 15-64 Govt; Academic Research HHS, SS a, b, d
Southern and South-Eastern Africa South Africa 1.02 0.75 1.37 2008 15-64 ARQ HHS a, e
Zambia 0.10 2003 15-64 UNODC Estimate
West and Central Africa Nigeria 0.24 0.00 0.62 2017 15-64 Government/UNODC HHS/I
Nigeria 1.05 1999 UNODC Estimate
Americas Caribbean Bahamas 0.43 0.13 1.06 2008 15-64 ARQ SS d, e
Bahamas 0.29 2003 15-64 UNODC Estimate d, e
Barbados 0.20 2006 12-65 CICAD HHS z
Dominican Republic 0.95 0.04 2.59 2008 15-64 ARQ SS d, e, z
Dominican Republic 1.10 2003 15-64 UNODC Estimate d, e
Grenada 0.70 2005 15-64 ARQ
Jamaica 0.81 0.13 1.50 2010 15-64 ARQ SS d, e
Jamaica 1.14 0.39 1.91 2006 15-64 Government source SS d, e
Trinidad and Tobago 0.70 0.23 1.38 2006 15-64 UNODC Estimate SS d, e, z
Trinidad and Tobago 0.78 2002 15-64 UNODC Estimate d, e
Central America (excluding Mexico)Belize 1.35 2005 12-65 CICAD HHS z
El Salvador 0.38 0.24 0.54 0.54 0.23 2014 12-65 Government Source HHS z** Includes prescription stimulants
Guatemala 0.91 2005 15-64 UNODC Estimate d, e
Honduras 0.84 2005 15-64 UNODC Estimate d,e
Nicaragua 0.76 2003 15-64 UNODC Estimate d
Panama 1.20 2003 12-65 CICAD HHS z
Northern America (including MexicoBermuda 0.10 0.00 0.10 2009 16-65 Government source HHS
Canada 0.25 2015 15-64 ARQ HHS Amphetamine
Canada 0.20 0.20 0.20 2013 15-64 ARQ HHS z* Amphetamine/methamphetamine
Canada 1.60 2.10 1.10 2012 15-64 ARQ HHS z* Includes prescription stimulants
Canada 1.20 1.50 0.90 2011 15-64 ARQ HHS z* Includes prescription stimulants
Mexico 0.20 0.30 0.10 2016 12-65 ARQ HHS Amphetamine
Mexico 0.12 0.04 0.19 0.20 0.10 2011 12-65 Government Source HHS
United States of America 3.10 2.70 3.50 2017 15-64 UNODC Estimate/ARQ HHS z* Includes methamphetamine and prescription stimulants
United States of America 2.95 2.60 3.30 2016 15-64 UNODC Estimate HHS z* Includes methamphetamine and prescription stimulants
United States of America 2.90 2.50 3.30 2015 15-64 UNODC Estimate HHS z* Includes methamphetamine and prescription stimulants
United States of America 1.70 2014 15-64 Government
United States of America 1.90 2.20 1.70 2013 15-64 ARQ HHS z* Includes prescription stimulants
United States of America 1.90 1.60 2.20 2012 15-64 ARQ HHS z* Includes prescription stimulants
United States of America 1.55 1.30 1.80 2011 15-64 ARQ HHS z*
South America Bolivia (Plurinational State of) 0.10 0.40 0.00 2014 12-65 ARQ HHS Amphetamine
Bolivia (Plurinational State of) 0.50 0.50 0.40 2007 12-65 ARQ HHS Includes prescription stimulants
Chile 0.18 0.25 0.11 2016 15-64 ARQ HHS Amphetamine
Chile 0.06 0.06 0.06 2014 15-64 ARQ HHS Amphetamines
Chile 0.08 0.14 0.03 2012 15-64 ARQ HHS Amphetamines
Chile 0.27 0.17 0.37 2010 15-64 ARQ HHS z*
Chile 0.40 2008 15-64 ARQ HHS
Colombia 0.06 2008 12-65 ARQ HHS Includes prescription stimulants
Ecuador 0.20 2007 15-64 ARQ HHS z*
Ecuador 0.21 2005 15-64 UNODC Estimate SS d, e , z
Paraguay 0.51 2005 15-64 UNODC Estimate SS d, e, z
Peru 0.20 2006 12-64 ARQ HHS
Suriname 0.50 2007 12-65 CICAD HHS
Suriname 0.60 2002 15-64 UNODC Estimate d, e
Uruguay 0.04 2014 15-65 ARQ HHS z Includes prescription stimulants
Uruguay 0.01 2011 15-65 ARQ HHS Methamphetamine
Uruguay 0.30 2006 15-64 ARQ HHS z** Includes prescription stimulants
Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) 0.47 0.41 0.53 2011 15-64 Government source HHS z* Includes prescription stimulants
Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) 0.60 2002 15-64 UNODC Estimate d, e
Georgia 0.00 0.00 0.00 2015 18-64 ARQ HHS
Georgia 0.56 0.10 1.06 2009 15-64 Government source/ NGO/Academic research SS b, d, e
East and South-East Asia Brunei Darussalam 0.25 2006 15-64 UNODC Estimate g
Cambodia 0.60 2004 15-64 UNODC Estimate d, e
Indonesia 0.52 0.45 0.58 2017 10-59 UNODC Estimate HHS Estimate for 13 provinces. Includes amphetamine and methamphetamine.
Indonesia 0.09 0.20 0.00 2015 10-60 ARQ HHS 20 of 34 provinces. Methamphetamine.
Japan 0.30 0.03 0.40 2011 15-64 UNODC Estimate HHS e
Japan 0.20 0.18 0.22 2009 15-64 UNODC Estimate HHS e
Lao People's Democratic Republic 1.39 1.07 1.71 2008 15-64 Academic research SS a, c, d, e
Malaysia 0.55 2005 15-64 UNODC Estimate d, g, h
Myanmar 0.22 2005 15-64 UNODC Estimate d, f
Philippines 1.10 2016 10-69 ARQ HHS Methamphetamine. Data for 2015/16.
Philippines 0.74 2012 10-69 ARQ HHS Methamphetamine. Data refers to 2012/13. 17 of 18 regions.
Philippines 2.13 1.91 2.35 2008 15-64 Government source HHS c, e
Republic of Korea 0.12 0.08 0.16 2004 15-64 ARQ HHS b, c, e
Viet Nam 0.22 2003 15-64 UNODC Estimate h
Near and Middle East/ South-West AAfghanistan 0.00 2009 15-64 UNODC/ Govt. Source HHS
Iran (Islamic Republic of) 0.40 2015 15-64 Government source/UNODC Estimate HHS Methamphetamine
Iran (Islamic Republic of) 0.77 0.68 0.88 2013 18+ Academic/UNODC Estimate NSUM a Methamphetamine
Iran (Islamic Republic of) 0.70 2011 15-64 Government source Methamphetamine
Israel 0.70 1.30 0.10 2016 18-65 ARQ HHS Amphetamine
Israel 1.01 1.63 0.31 2009 18-40 ARQ HHS
Israel 0.40 2005 18-40 ARQ
Kuwait 0.27 2005 15-64 UNODC Estimate g
Pakistan 0.08 0.04 0.20 0.10 0.14 2012 15-64 Government/UNODC HHS/I z* Includes prescription stimulants
Saudi Arabia 0.40 2006 15-64 UNODC Estimate g
Southern Asia India 0.18 2018 10-75 Government source HHS/I
Maldives 0.10 2012 15-64 Government source HHS
Europe Eastern Europe Belarus 0.35 2006 15-64 UNODC Estimate g
Republic of Moldova 0.03 0.03 0.04 2008 15-64 Government source HHS e
Russian Federation 0.39 0.22 0.56 2007 15-64 ESPAD/UNODC Estimate SS d, e Approximate adjustment
Ukraine 0.72 0.19 1.25 2011 15-64 ARQ SS d, e
South-Eastern Europe (including TuAlbania 0.10 2014 15-64 Public health research HHS Amphetamine
Albania 0.10 0.40 0.00 2014 15 - 64 ARQ HHS Amphetamine
Albania 0.02 2004 15-64 ARQ
Bosnia and Herzegovina 0.50 0.09 0.91 2011 15-64 ARQ SS b, d, e
Bulgaria 0.80 0.70 0.90 1.00 0.55 2016 15 - 64 UNODC Estimate HHS Amphetamine and methamphetamine
Bulgaria 0.65 0.60 0.70 0.85 0.40 2012 15-64 ARQ HHS
Bulgaria 0.95 0.90 1.00 2008 15-64 ARQ HHS
Bulgaria 0.50 2007 15-64 ARQ HHS, c
Croatia 1.00 1.60 0.40 2015 15-64 ARQ HHS Amphetamine
Montenegro 0.10 0.20 0.10 2017 15-64 ARQ HHS Amphetamine type stimulants
Romania 0.10 0.10 0.00 2016 15 - 64 ARQ HHS Amphetamine
Romania 0.10 0.10 0.10 2013 15-64 ARQ HHS Amphetamine
Romania 0.03 2010 15-64 EMCDDA HHS
Romania 0.10 2004 15-64 UNODC Estimate d, e
Serbia 0.10 0.20 0.10 2014 18-64 Government sources HHS
Serbia 0.24 0.12 0.47 2006 15-64 Government sources HHS a, e
The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedo 0.33 0.14 0.53 2015 15-64 ESPAD/UNODC Estimate SS d, e
Turkey 0.10 2011 15-64 EMCDDA HHS
Austria 0.50 2008 15-64 Government source HHS a
Belgium 0.20 0.30 0.10 2013 15-64 EMCDDA HHS
Belgium 0.90 1.40 0.40 2008 15-64 ARQ HHS
Cyprus 0.10 0.10 0.10 2016 15 - 64 ARQ HHS Amphetamine
Cyprus 0.30 0.50 0.10 2012 15-64 ARQ HHS
Cyprus 0.40 2006 15-64 ARQ
Czechia 0.80 0.60 1.00 2016 15-64 ARQ HHS Methamphetamine
Czechia 0.80 0.70 1.00 2015 15 - 64 ARQ HHS Methamphetamine
Czechia 0.80 1.40 0.20 2014 15-64 ARQ HHS Methamphetamine
Czechia 0.20 0.20 0.20 2013 15-64 ARQ HHS
Czechia 0.50 0.70 0.30 2012 15-64 ARQ HHS
Denmark 0.70 1.10 0.40 2017 16-64 ARQ HHS Amphetamine
Denmark 0.60 1.00 0.30 2013 16-64 ARQ HHS
Estonia 1.00 1.30 0.80 2008 15-64 ARQ HHS
Finland 1.10 1.60 0.60 2014 15-64 ARQ HHS Amphetamine
Finland 0.80 1.20 0.40 2010 15-64 ARQ HHS
Finland 0.60 2006 15-64 ARQ
France 0.30 0.40 0.20 2014 15-64 ARQ HHS
France 0.20 0.30 0.10 2010 15-64 ARQ
France 0.20 2005 15-64 ARQ
Germany 1.10 0.80 1.40 1.30 0.80 2015 18-64 ARQ/Academic HHS Amphetamine and Methamphetamine
Germany 0.90 1.40 0.40 2012 18-64 ARQ HHS
Germany 0.80 1.10 0.50 2009 18-64 ARQ HHS
Greece 0.00 0.10 0.00 2004 15-64 EMCDDA Amphetamine
Hungary 0.45 0.82 0.13 2015 18-64 ARQ HHS Amphetamine
Hungary 0.50 0.20 0.80 2007 18-64 ARQ HHS
Iceland 1.40 1.80 1.00 2017 18-64 ARQ HHS Amphetamine
Iceland 0.74 0.58 0.89 2003 15-64 ESPAD SS
Ireland 0.30 0.50 0.10 2015 15 - 64 ARQ HHS Amphetamine. Data for 2014-15
Ireland 0.40 0.40 0.40 2011 15-64 ARQ HHS
Italy 0.12 0.14 0.09 2017 15-64 ARQ HHS Amphetamine
Italy 0.20 0.30 0.10 2013 15-64 ARQ HHS Data refers to 2013/2014
Italy 0.09 0.09 0.09 2012 15-64 ARQ HHS
Latvia 0.30 0.50 0.20 2015 15-64 ARQ HHS Amphetamine
Latvia 0.30 0.50 0.10 2011 15-64 ARQ HHS
Latvia 0.90 2007 15-64 ARQ
Lithuania 0.30 0.60 0.04 2016 15 - 64 ARQ HHS Amphetamine
Luxembourg 0.06 2014 15-64 ARQ/Government source HHS
Luxembourg 0.98 0.35 1.61 2006 15-64 ARQ SS d Data refers to 2005/06
Malta 0.00 2013 15-64 ARQ HHS
Malta 0.93 0.29 1.57 2011 15-64 ESPAD SS d, e
Malta 0.88 0.59 1.16 2007 15-64 ESPAD SS d, e
Norway 0.60 0.80 0.40 2017 16-64 ARQ HHS Includes methamphetamine
Norway 0.30 0.30 0.40 2016 16 - 64 ARQ HHS Amphetamine
Norway 0.20 0.30 0.00 2015 16-64 ARQ HHS Amphetamine
Norway 0.60 0.90 0.20 2014 16-64 ARQ HHS
Norway 0.60 1.20 0.10 2013 16-64 ARQ HHS
Poland 1.70 1.80 1.50 2016 15 - 64 ARQ HHS Amphetamine
Poland 0.60 0.80 0.30 2012 15-64 ARQ HHS
Portugal 0.01 0.00 0.00 2017 15-64 ARQ HHS Data refers to 2016/2017. Amphetamine. Actual best estimate reported as 0.00.
Portugal 0.05 0.10 0.00 2012 15-64 ARQ HHS
Slovakia 0.40 0.70 0.10 2015 15-64 ARQ HHS
Slovenia 0.30 0.50 0.10 2012 15-64 ARQ HHS Amphetamine
Slovenia 0.72 0.19 1.25 2011 15-64 ESPAD SS d, e
Spain 0.50 0.40 0.60 0.80 0.20 2017 15-64 EMCDDA HHS
Spain 0.58 0.86 0.31 2015 15 - 64 Government source / UNODC Estimate HHS Amphetamine and methamphetamine
Spain 0.60 0.80 0.40 2013 15-64 ARQ HHS
Spain 0.60 0.90 0.30 2011 15-64 ARQ HHS
Spain 0.60 2009 15-64 ARQ HHS
Sweden 0.72 0.96 0.47 2013 17-64 ARQ HHS
Sweden 0.39 2007 15-64 ESPAD SS d, e
Switzerland 0.32 0.30 0.34 2016 15-64 UNODC Estimate HHS a Speed, amphetamine sulphate, crystal meth, other amphetamines
Switzerland 0.43 0.36 0.50 2015 15-64 UNODC Estimate HHS a Speed, amphetamine sulphate, crystal meth, other amphetamines
Switzerland 0.08 0.08 0.09 2012 15+ ARQ HHS
Switzerland 0.63 0.57 0.69 2007 15-64 ESPAD SS d, e
United Kingdom (England and Wales) 0.52 0.68 0.34 2017 16-59 Government source HHS Includes methamphetamine. Data refers to 2017/18.
United Kingdom (England and Wales) 0.50 0.60 0.30 2016 16-59 Government source HHS Includes methamphetamine. Data refers to 2016/17.
United Kingdom (England and Wales) 0.60 0.81 0.40 2015 16-59 Government source HHS Data refers to 2015/16. Amphetamine. Crime Survey for England and Wales
United Kingdom (England and Wales) 0.60 0.80 0.40 2014 16-59 ARQ HHS Data refers to 2014/15. Amphetamine. Crime Survey for England and Wales
United Kingdom (England and Wales) 0.70 0.90 0.40 2012 16-59 Government source HHS Data refers to 2012/13. Crime Survey for England and Wales.
United Kingdom (England and Wales) 0.80 2011 16-59 Government source HHS Data refers to 2011/12. Crime Survey for England and Wales.
United Kingdom (England and Wales) 1.10 2010 16-59 Government source HHS Data refers to 2010/11. Crime Survey for England and Wales.
United Kingdom (Scotland) 0.82 1.37 0.29 2014 16-64 Government source HHS Data refers to 2014/15. Amphetamine and crystal methamphetamine
Oceania Australia and New Zealand Australia 1.40 1.80 1.00 2016 14+ ARQ HHS Amphetamine and methamphetamine
Australia 2.10 2.70 1.50 2013 14+ Government source HHS z* Methamphetamine
New Zealand 1.00 1.50 0.60 2017 16-64 Government source HHS Data for 2016-17.
New Zealand 1.10 2016 16-64 ARQ HHS Data for 2015-16.
New Zealand 1.10 0.80 1.40 1.50 0.70 2014 15-64 Government source HHS 2013/14 New Zealand Health Survey
Except where the prevalence values are taken from household surveys, changes between years need to be interpreted with caution as they might reflect a change in the methodology or the data source from which the estimate was derived and therefore should not be considered as a change in
prevalence.
Where a country has reported a combined prevalence for amphetamines and other stimulants these have been reported under "Amphetamines" and a flag included to state if this includes prescription stimulants. Where a combined prevalence has not been reported by the Member State and the prescription stimulant prevalence
is known, this has been reported under "Prescription stimulants".
UNODC Adjustments: a=adjusted for age (15-64), b=population-based/household-type study/survey, c=adjusted from a limited geographic population-based study/survey, d=adjusted from school/youth survey, e=adjusted from lifetime/monthly prevalence adjusted to annual prevalence, f=adjusted from specialized population
surveys (including Rapid Assessments), g=adjusted from treatment data, h=adjusted from drug registries, i=adjusted from HIV, problematic drug users (only for heroin), j=lifetime prevalence reported, x=figure may include non-medical use of prescription opioids, z=figures may also include other non-ATS stimulants, z*= figures
include the use of prescription stimulants, (non-prescription/non-therapeutic use), z**= figures only include prescription stimulants.
"Ecstasy"-type substances
Adjustmen
Region Sub-region Country Best Low High Male Female Year Age Source Method t/ Specific notes
notes
Africa Eastern Africa Kenya 0.25 0.20 0.30 2007 15-65 Govt HHS b, e
Southern and South-Eastern AfrSouth Africa 0.31 0.24 0.38 2011 15-64 ARQ SS b, d, e
South Africa 0.40 2004 15-64 UNODC Estimate d, e
Zambia 0.30 2003 15-64 UNODC Estimate e, f
West and Central Africa Cabo Verde 0.06 2004 15-64 UNODC Estimate d
Nigeria 0.34 0.00 1.25 2017 15-64 Government/UNODC HHS/I
AmericasCaribbean Bahamas 0.11 0.04 0.60 2008 15-64 Government source SS d, e
Bahamas 0.14 2003 15-64 UNODC Estimate d, e
Barbados 0.30 2006 12-65 CICAD HHS
Dominican Republic 0.23 2010 12-65 CICAD HHS
Dominican Republic 0.05 0.02 0.52 2008 15-64 Government source SS d, e
Dominican Republic 0.16 2000 15-64 UNODC Estimate d, e
Puerto Rico 0.42 0.09 0.99 2005 15-64 Government source SS
Trinidad and Tobago 0.11 2005 15-64 UNODC Estimate
Central America (excluding MexBelize 0.50 2005 12-65 Government source HHS
Costa Rica 0.46 0.63 0.29 2015 15 - 64 ARQ HHS
Costa Rica 0.15 0.11 0.38 2006 12-70 ARQ SS d, e
El Salvador 0.02 0.04 0.00 2014 12-65 Government source HHS
El Salvador 0.02 0.00 0.03 2005 15-64 UNODC Estimate HHS a, e
Guatemala 0.08 2005 15-64 UNODC Estimate
Honduras 0.08 2005 15-64 UNODC Estimate d
Nicaragua 0.01 0.00 0.02 2006 12-65 UNODC Estimate HHS, c e
Panama 0.04 2015 12-65 ARQ HHS Urban areas
Panama 0.40 2003 15-64 UNODC Estimate d
Northern America (including MeCanada 0.91 1.17 0.64 2015 15 - 64 ARQ HHS
Canada 0.50 0.80 0.20 2013 15-64 ARQ HHS
United States of America 1.20 1.60 0.90 2015 15-64 ARQ HHS Data not directly comparable to previous years.
Argentina 0.20 2008 12-65 Government source HHS
Brazil 0.20 2005 15-64 UNODC Estimate
Chile 0.06 0.09 0.03 2016 15-64 ARQ HHS
Chile 0.08 0.10 0.05 2014 15-64 ARQ HHS
Chile 0.05 0.10 0.00 2012 15-64 ARQ HHS
Chile 0.01 2010 15-64 ARQ HHS
Chile 0.10 2008 15-64 ARQ HHS
Colombia 0.19 0.09 0.29 0.29 0.10 2013 12-65 ARQ HHS
Colombia 0.28 0.17 0.39 0.41 0.17 2008 12-65 ARQ HHS
Ecuador 0.01 0.01 0.00 2013 12-65 ARQ HHS
Ecuador 0.20 2005 15-64 UNODC Estimate
Guyana 0.28 0.08 0.48 2010 15-64 UNODC Estimate SS d, e
Guyana 0.13 2002 15-64 UNODC Estimate
Paraguay 0.09 2005 15-64 UNODC Estimate
Peru 0.04 2006 12-64 ARQ HHS c
Suriname 0.10 0.10 0.20 2013 12-65 ARQ HHS
Suriname 0.10 0.01 0.21 2007 12-65 Government source HHS c, e
Suriname 0.10 2002 15-64 UNODC Estimate
Uruguay 0.40 0.70 0.10 2014 15-65 ARQ HHS
Uruguay 0.20 0.20 0.10 2011 15-65 ARQ HHS
Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) 0.04 2005 15-64 Government source HHS a, e
Georgia 0.10 0.10 0.00 2015 18 - 64 ARQ HHS
Georgia 0.54 0.17 0.91 2009 15-64 ARQ SS a, b, d, e
Georgia 1.72 0.70 2.40 2007 15-64 ARQ SS d, e
East and South-East Asia Cambodia 0.14 2003 15-64 UNODC Estimate
China, Taiwan Province of China 0.52 2005 15-64 AMCEWG a
Indonesia 0.27 2015 10-59 Government HHS Estimate for 13 provinces.
Indonesia 0.03 0.05 0.00 2015 10-60 ARQ HHS 20 of 34 provinces.
Japan 0.10 2009 15-64 UNODC Estimate HHS e
Malaysia 0.44 2003 15-64 UNODC Estimate e, g
Philippines 0.02 2012 10-69 ARQ HHS Data refers to 2012/13. 17 of 18 regions.
Philippines 0.18 2004 15-64 Government source HHS
Republic of Korea 0.08 0.04 0.08 2004 15-64 ARQ HHS c, e
Viet Nam 0.22 2003 15-64 UNODC Estimate
Near and Middle East/ South-WeIran (Islamic Republic of) 0.08 2011 15-64 Government source
Israel 0.60 0.90 0.30 2016 18-65 ARQ HHS
Israel 1.00 1.27 0.58 2009 18-40 ARQ HHS
Israel 0.70 2005 18-40 ARQ HHS
Lebanon 1.00 0.30 1.70 2009 15-64 Government source/ NGO/Academic research SS d, e
Lebanon 0.50 2001 15-64 UNODC Estimate d, e
Europe Eastern Europe Belarus 0.31 0.30 0.33 2007 15-64 ESPAD SS c, d, e
Republic of Moldova 0.10 2010 15-64 Government sources HHS
Russian Federation 0.68 2007 15-64 ESPAD/UNODC Estimate SS d, e Approximate adjustment
South-Eastern Europe (includingAlbania 0.20 2014 15-64 Public health research HHS
Albania 0.20 0.50 0.10 2014 15 - 64 ARQ HHS
Albania 1.19 0.54 1.84 2011 15-64 ESPAD SS d
Albania 0.97 0.26 2.08 2006 15-64 Government source SS d, e
Bosnia and Herzegovina 0.50 0.11 0.88 2011 15-64 ARQ SS b, d
Bulgaria 1.30 1.80 0.70 2016 15 - 64 ARQ HHS
Bulgaria 1.20 1.70 0.80 2012 15-64 ARQ HHS
Croatia 0.60 1.00 0.20 2015 15-64 ARQ HHS
Croatia 0.40 2011 15-64 ARQ HHS
Montenegro 0.86 0.31 1.40 2011 15-64 ESPAD SS d
Romania 0.10 0.20 0.10 2016 15 - 64 ARQ HHS
Romania 0.20 0.10 0.20 2013 15-64 EMCDDA HHS
Serbia 0.63 0.39 0.86 2008 15-64 Government sources HHS a, e
The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia 0.75 0.20 1.82 2008 15-64 ESPAD SS d, e
The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia 0.10 1999 15-64 UNODC Estimate d
Turkey 0.10 0.20 2017 15-64 EMCDDA HHS
Turkey 0.10 2011 15-64 ARQ HHS
Belgium 0.30 0.40 0.30 2013 15-64 EMCDDA HHS
Belgium 0.90 2008 15-64 ARQ HHS
Cyprus 0.10 0.10 0.10 2016 15 - 64 ARQ HHS
Cyprus 0.30 0.50 0.10 2012 15-64 ARQ HHS
Cyprus 1.00 2006 15-64 ARQ
Czechia 1.60 2.40 0.90 2016 15-64 ARQ HHS
Czechia 1.30 1.60 1.00 2015 15 - 64 ARQ HHS
Czechia 1.60 2.30 0.90 2014 15-64 ARQ HHS
Czechia 1.10 1.20 0.90 2013 15-64 ARQ HHS
Czechia 0.60 0.70 0.50 2012 15-64 ARQ HHS
Czechia 3.60 2008 15-64 Government HHS
Denmark 0.50 0.80 0.30 2017 16-64 ARQ HHS
Denmark 0.20 0.40 0.10 2013 16-64 ARQ HHS
Estonia 1.20 1.60 0.80 2008 15-64 ARQ HHS
Finland 1.10 1.60 0.50 2014 15-64 ARQ HHS
Finland 0.40 0.60 0.20 2010 15-64 ARQ HHS
Finland 0.50 2006 15-64 ARQ
France 0.90 1.20 0.60 2014 15-64 ARQ HHS
France 0.30 0.40 0.10 2010 15-64 ARQ HHS
France 0.50 2005 15-64 ARQ
Germany 0.60 0.50 0.90 0.70 0.60 2015 18-64 ARQ/Academic HHS
Germany 0.40 0.70 0.10 2012 18-64 ARQ HHS
Germany 0.40 0.60 0.20 2009 18-64 ARQ HHS
Greece 0.20 0.30 0.10 2015 18-64 ARQ HHS
Greece 0.20 0.20 0.10 2004 15-64 EMCDDA
Hungary 0.88 0.99 0.81 2015 18-64 ARQ HHS
Hungary 0.50 0.20 0.80 2007 18-64 ARQ HHS
Iceland 0.58 0.16 1.00 2011 15-64 ESPAD SS d
Iceland 0.50 2007 15-64 ESPAD SS d, e
Ireland 0.50 0.60 0.30 2011 15-64 ARQ HHS
Ireland 1.20 2007 15-64 Government source
Italy 0.35 0.45 0.26 2017 15-64 ARQ HHS
Italy 0.40 0.60 0.30 2013 15-64 ARQ HHS Data refers to 2013/14. New Survey reported
Italy 0.06 0.11 0.02 2012 15-64 ARQ HHS
Italy 0.66 0.70 0.70 2008 15-64 ARQ HHS
Latvia 0.30 0.50 0.20 2015 15-64 ARQ HHS
Latvia 0.40 0.60 0.10 2011 15-64 ARQ HHS
Latvia 1.50 2007 15-64 ARQ
Lithuania 0.40 2004 15-64 ARQ HHS b, c
Lxzembourg 0.20 2014 15-64 Government Source HHS Data collected in 2014
Malta 0.00 2013 15-64 ARQ HHS
Malta 0.86 0.31 1.40 2011 15-64 ESPAD SS d
Malta 0.88 0.87 0.89 2007 15-64 ESPAD SS d, e
Norway 1.00 1.30 0.70 2017 16-64 ARQ HHS
Norway 0.60 0.60 0.60 2016 16 - 64 ARQ HHS
Norway 0.60 1.00 0.20 2015 16-64 ARQ HHS
Norway 0.10 0.20 0.10 2014 16-64 ARQ HHS
Norway 0.40 0.80 0.00 2013 16-64 ARQ HHS
Norway 0.50 2004 15-64 ARQ
Poland 1.20 0.90 1.50 2016 15 - 64 ARQ HHS
Poland 0.30 2006 15-64 ARQ
Portugal 0.10 0.20 0.00 2017 15-64 ARQ HHS Data refers to 2016/2017
Portugal 0.20 0.30 0.20 2012 15-64 ARQ HHS
Portugal 0.40 0.60 0.20 2007 15-64 ARQ HHS
Slovakia 0.60 1.00 0.10 2015 15-64 ARQ HHS
Slovakia 1.20 2004 15-64 ARQ
Slovenia 0.30 0.40 0.20 2012 15-64 ARQ HHS
Slovenia 0.46 0.18 0.74 2008 18-65 ARQ HHS e
Spain 0.60 0.50 0.70 1.00 0.30 2017 15-64 EMCDDA HHS
Spain 0.60 0.90 0.30 2015 15 - 64 ARQ HHS
Spain 0.70 1.00 0.30 2013 15-64 ARQ HHS
Spain 0.80 1.40 0.30 2011 15-64 ARQ HHS
Spain 1.40 2009 15-64 ARQ HHS
Sweden 0.50 0.60 0.30 2013 15-64 EMCDDA HHS
Sweden 0.25 2007 15-64 ESPAD SS d, e
Switzerland 0.31 2015 15-64 ARQ HHS a
Switzerland 0.29 0.07 0.50 2011 15-64 ARQ HHS e
Switzerland 0.33 0.13 0.51 2007 15-64 ARQ HHS, SS d, e
United Kingdom (England and Wales) 1.66 2.23 1.10 2017 16-59 Government source HHS Data refers to 2017/18. Crime Survey for England and Wales
Australia 4.20 2007 15-64 Government source/ NGO/Academic research HHS
New Zealand 2.00 1.70 2.40 2.70 1.50 2013 15+ Government source HHS 2012/13 New Zealand Health Survey: Drug Module
New Zealand 2.60 2.00 3.10 3.60 1.50 2008 16-64 Government source HHS 2007/08 New Zealand Alcohol and Drug Use Survey
New Zealand 2.60 2006 15-64 ARQ HHS a, z
Except where the prevalence values are taken from household surveys, changes between years need to be interpreted with caution as they might reflect a change in the methodology or the data source from which the estimate was derived and therefore should not be considered as a change in prevalence.
UNODC Adjustments: a=adjusted for age (15-64), b=population-based/household-type study/survey, c=adjusted from a limited geographic population-based study/survey, d=adjusted from school/youth survey, e=adjusted from lifetime/monthly prevalence adjusted to annual prevalence, f=adjusted from specialized population surveys
(including Rapid Assessments), g=adjusted from treatment data, h=adjusted from drug registries, i=adjusted from HIV, problematic drug users (only for heroin), j=lifetime prevalence reported, x=figure may include non-medical use of prescription opioids, z=figures may also include other non-ATS stimulants, z*= figures include the use of
prescription stimulants (non-prescription/non-therapeutic use).
PRESCRIPTION STIMULANTS
Adjustm
Region Sub-region Country Best Low High Male Female Year Age Source Method ent/ Specific notes
Africa West and Central Africa Nigeria 0.16 0.00 0.48 2017 15-64 Government/UNODC HHS/I notes Prescription amphetamines
Americas Central America (excluding Mexico) Costa Rica 1.71 1.80 1.62 2015 12-64 ARQ HHS
Costa Rica 1.10 1.30 0.90 2010 15-64 ARQ HHS z**
Costa Rica 1.30 2006 12-70 ARQ z**
El Salvador 0.36 0.24 0.54 0.54 0.23 2014 12-65 Government Source HHS z**
Panama 0.05 0.06 0.04 2015 12-65 ARQ HHS Urban areas
Northern America (including Mexico) Canada 0.28 0.33 2015 15-64 ARQ HHS
Canada 0.70 0.70 2012 15-64 ARQ z**
United States of America 1.60 1.80 1.50 2014 15-64 ARQ HHS z** Amphetamine
United States of America 1.60 2012 15-64 ARQ HHS z**
United States of America 1.30 2011 15-64 ARQ HHS z**
Argentina 0.10 0.10 0.10 2011 16-65 Government source z** Only includes prescription stimulants
Argentina 0.20 2008 12-65 Government source HHS z
Bolivia (Plurinational State of) 0.26 0.42 0.12 2013 12-65 ARQ HHS z**
Brazil 0.70 2005 15-64 ARQ HHS
Chile 0.25 0.35 0.15 2016 15-64 ARQ HHS
Chile 0.14 0.17 0.12 2014 15-64 ARQ HHS z**
Chile 0.25 0.10 0.40 2012 15-64 ARQ HHS z**
Chile 0.14 2010 15-64 ARQ z**
Colombia 0.04 0.07 0.01 2013 12-65 ARQ HHS z**
Colombia 0.06 0.06 0.05 2008 12-65 ARQ/Government source HHS
Ecuador 0.10 2007 12-65 ARQ z**
Peru 0.11 2010 12-65 ARQ z**
Peru 0.20 2006 12-65 ARQ HHS z**
Uruguay 0.03 0.04 0.02 2014 15-65 ARQ HHS z**
Uruguay 0.30 2006 15-64 ARQ z**
Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) 0.37 2011 12-65 ARQ z**
Asia Near and Middle East/ South-West AsiPakistan 0.10 0.10 0.13 2012 15-64 Government/UNODC HHS
Oceania Australia and New Zealand New Zealand 0.50 0.30 0.70 0.70 0.40 2008 16-64 Government source HHS z** 2007/08 New Zealand Alcohol and Drug Use Survey
Except where the prevalence values are taken from household surveys, changes between years need to be interpreted with caution as they might reflect a change in the methodology or the data source from which the estimate was derived and therefore should not be
considered as a change in prevalence.
Where a country has reported a combined prevalence for amphetamines and other stimulants these have been reported under "Amphetamines" and a flag included to state if this includes prescription stimulants. Where a combined prevalence has not been reported by the Member State and the
prescription stimulant prevalence is known, this has been reported under "Prescription stimulants".
UNODC Adjustments: a=adjusted for age (15-64), b=population-based/household-type study/survey, c=adjusted from a limited geographic population-based study/survey, d=adjusted from school/youth survey, e=adjusted from lifetime/monthly prevalence adjusted to annual prevalence, f=adjusted
from specialized population surveys (including Rapid Assessments), g=adjusted from treatment data, h=adjusted from drug registries, i=adjusted from HIV, problematic drug users (only for heroin), j=lifetime prevalence reported, x=figure may include non-medical use of prescription opioids, z=figures
may also include other non-ATS stimulants, z*= figures include the use of prescription stimulants (non-prescription/non-therapeutic use), z**= figures only include prescription stimulants.
TRANQUILLIZERS and SEDATIVES
(includes barbiturates and benzodiazepines)
Annual prevalence of Use as a percentage of the population ages 15-64 (unless otherwise stated)
Tota Femal
Region Sub-region Country Male Year Age Source Method Specific notes
l e
Africa Eastern Africa Kenya 0.00 0.00 0.00 2016 15-64 ARQ HHS
Morocco 0.18 2004 15+ ARQ/Government HHS
Tunisia 0.52 2013 15-64 ARQ HHS
West and Central Africa Nigeria 0.49 2017 15-64 Government/UNODC HHS/I
Americas Caribbean Jamaica 0.10 0.20 2001 12-55 ARQ HHS
Central America (excluding Mexico)Costa Rica 2.01 1.92 2.10 2015 12-64 ARQ HHS
El Salvador 1.76 1.52 1.94 2014 12-65 ARQ HHS
El Salvador 1.42 1.42 2006 12-70 ARQ HHS
Guatemala 2.90 3.16 2005 15-64 ARQ HHS
Panama 0.75 0.67 0.82 2015 12-65 ARQ HHS Urban areas
Northern America (including MexicoCanada 0.35 2015 15-64 ARQ HHS
Canada 0.20 0.20 2009 15-64 ARQ HHS
Mexico 0.30 0.30 0.30 2016 12-65 ARQ HHS
Mexico 0.30 0.30 0.20 2011 12-65 ARQ HHS
Mexico 6.80 2008 12-65 ARQ HHS
United States of America 3.10 3.20 3.10 2015 15-64 ARQ HHS Includes benzodiazepines and barbiturates. Not directly comparable to previous years.
Brazil 2.10 2005 15-64 ARQ HHS Benzodiazepines
Chile 1.77 1.54 2.01 2016 15-64 ARQ HHS Benzodiazepines
Chile 1.20 0.97 1.43 2014 15-64 ARQ HHS
Chile 1.53 1.33 1.71 2012 15-64 ARQ HHS
Colombia 0.53 0.55 0.51 2013 12-65 Government source HHS
Colombia 0.52 0.52 0.52 2008 12-65 ARQ/Government HHS
Colombia 1.20 1.70 0.90 2003 18-65 ARQ/UNODC HHS
Ecuador 1.50 2007 12-65 ARQ HHS
Peru 1.29 1.08 1.46 2010 12-65 ARQ HHS
Peru 2.98 2.44 3.40 2006 15-74 ARQ HHS
Suriname 1.35 2013 12-65 UNODC Estimate/AR HHS Includes Benzodiazepines and barbiturates.
Uruguay 2.20 2.00 2.50 2014 15-65 ARQ HHS Benzodiazepines
Uruguay 1.30 1.20 1.03 2011 15-65 ARQ HHS
Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) 2.13 1.76 2.50 2011 12-65 ARQ HHS
Asia East and South-East Asia China, Hong Kong SAR 0.02 0.03 0.01 2013 11-64 ARQ HHS
China, Hong Kong SAR 0.02 0.04 0.01 2012 15-64 ARQ HHS
Indonesia 0.19 0.35 0.05 2015 10-60 ARQ HHS 20 of 34 provinces. Includes benzodiazepines and barbiturates.
Indonesia 0.84 0.76 1.15 2012 15-60 ARQ HHS
Japan 5.60 2017 15-64 ARQ HHS
Japan 5.60 2015 15 - 64 ARQ HHS
Myanmar 0.13 2002 15-64 ARQ HHS
Near and Middle East/ South-West AAfghanistan 0.80 0.10 2003 15-64 UNODC/ Govt. Sourc HHS
Israel 1.00 1.00 0.90 2016 18-65 ARQ HHS Benzodiazepines
Israel 2.79 3.10 2.67 2009 18-40 ARQ HHS
Israel 1.90 2005 18-40 ARQ HHS
Pakistan 1.40 1.30 1.50 2012 15-64 Government/UNODC HHS/I
Pakistan 2.00 2001 18-40 ARQ HHS
Europe Eastern Europe Republic of Moldova 0.50 0.49 0.01 2011 15-55 ARQ HHS
South-Eastern Europe (including Tu Albania 8.50 7.70 9.20 2014 15 - 64 ARQ HHS
Bulgaria 7.70 10.60 5.00 2016 15-64 ARQ HHS
Bulgaria 4.80 3.00 6.70 2012 15-64 ARQ HHS
Bulgaria 5.20 3.20 7.20 2008 15-64 ARQ HHS
Croatia 17.30 13.10 21.50 2015 15-64 ARQ HHS
Croatia 16.20 11.40 20.90 2011 15-64 ARQ HHS
Romania 1.90 1.60 2.20 2016 15 - 64 ARQ HHS
Romania 0.70 1.10 0.40 2013 15-64 ARQ HHS
Romania 2.10 1.20 3.00 2010 ARQ HHS
The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedon 10.00 70.00 2008 15-64 ARQ HHS
Turkey 5.10 3.00 7.20 2011 15-64 ARQ HHS
Western and Central Europe Austria 8.90 8.10 9.80 2015 15-64 Government source HHS
Cyprus 4.00 2.90 4.90 2016 15 - 64 ARQ HHS
Cyprus 4.20 3.00 5.30 2012 15-64 ARQ HHS
Czechia 19.50 17.30 21.90 2015 15 - 64 ARQ HHS
Czechia 18.30 15.50 21.20 2014 15-64 ARQ HHS
Czechia 12.30 12.60 12.10 2013 15-64 ARQ HHS
Finland 1.80 2.20 1.40 2014 15-64 ARQ HHS
Finland 2.30 2.20 2.40 2010 15-64 ARQ HHS
Germany 5.40 4.60 6.20 2012 18-64 ARQ HHS
Germany 4.30 3.70 4.90 2009 18-64 ARQ HHS
Greece 0.70 1.00 2004 15-64 ARQ HHS
Greece 0.30 0.10 1998 15-64 ARQ HHS
Hungary 9.52 6.07 12.29 2015 18-64 Government source HHS
Hungary 13.10 19.00 2007 18-64 ARQ HHS
Italy 13.80 10.40 17.10 2013 15-64 Government source HHS Data refers to 2013/14
Italy 3.85 2.94 4.63 2012 15-64 ARQ HHS
Latvia 7.20 4.30 10.00 2011 15-64 ARQ HHS
Latvia 6.50 5.10 7.80 2007 15-64 ARQ HHS
Malta 0.90 1.00 2008 15-64 ARQ HHS
Netherlands 10.50 7.50 13.40 2016 18+ ARQ HHS
Netherlands 0.50 0.20 0.80 2015 18+ ARQ HHS
Norway 4.30 3.10 5.50 2015 16-64 ARQ HHS Benzodiazepines
Norway 4.50 3.90 5.20 2014 16-64 ARQ HHS
Poland 1.90 1.40 2.40 2016 15 - 64 ARQ HHS
Poland 2.20 1.40 3.00 2012 15-64 ARQ HHS
Poland 3.30 2.20 4.30 2010 15-64 ARQ HHS
Portugal 0.60 0.50 0.60 2017 15-64 ARQ HHS Data refers to 2016/17.
Portugal 0.60 0.60 0.60 2012 15-64 ARQ HHS
Portugal 12.00 6.30 17.50 2007 15-64 ARQ HHS
Slovakia 4.00 4.20 2006 15-64 ARQ HHS
Slovakia 6.10 6.40 2004 15-64 ARQ HHS
Spain 2.30 1.60 2.90 2015 15 - 64 ARQ HHS
Spain 1.20 1.10 1.30 2013 15-64 ARQ HHS
Spain 1.20 1.10 1.20 2011 15-64 ARQ HHS
Sweden 2.78 2.70 2.86 2013 17-64 ARQ HHS
Sweden 2.00 2.00 2003 16-24 ARQ HHS
United Kingdom (England and Wales) 0.60 0.75 0.46 2017 16-59 Government source HHS Data refers to 2017/18.
United Kingdom (England and Wales) 0.40 0.50 0.40 2016 16-59 Government source HHS Data refers to 2016/17.
United Kingdom (England and Wales) 0.40 0.50 0.30 2015 16-59 ARQ HHS Data refers to 2015/16.
United Kingdom (Northern Ireland) 10.30 9.60 10.90 2014 15-64 Government source HHS Data refers to 2014/15. All Ireland Drug Prevalence Survey 2014/15.
Oceania Australia and New Zealand Australia 1.60 2016 14+ ARQ HHS
Australia 1.60 1.80 1.50 2014 14+ Government source HHS
New Zealand 1.70 2.40 1.10 2008 16-64 Government source HHS Includes prescription sedatives, kava, and GHB
Except where the prevalence values are taken from household surveys, changes between years need to be interpreted with caution as they might reflect a change in the methodology or the data source from which the
estimate was derived and therefore should not be considered as a change in prevalence.
Method: HHS=Household survey, I=Indirect estimates

OPIOIDS
(includes opiates, other illicit opioids and prescription opioids)
Adjustmen
Hig Femal
Region SubRegion Country Best Low Male Year Age Source Method t/ Specific notes
h e
notes
Africa Eastern Africa Mauritius 1.29 2009 15-64 Government source I a,x Opioids, includes prescription opioids
Southern and South-Eastern Africa South Africa 0.50 2008 15-64 ARQ HHS x Includes prescription opioids
West and Central Africa Democratic Republic of the Congo 0.17 2004 15-64 Cure Research estimate Includes heroin and prescription opioids
Nigeria 4.66 4.27 5.05 2017 15-64 Government/UNODC HHS/I Includes heroin and prescription opioids
AmericasCaribbean Barbados 0.23 0.16 0.29 2006 15-64 UNODC Estimate x Includes heroin and prescription opioids
Dominican Republic 0.14 2001 15-64 UNODC Estimate
Haiti 0.20 0.19 0.22 2006 15-64 ARQ SS a, d, e, x Includes prescription opioids
Jamaica 1.00 0.50 1.50 2006 15-64 UNODC Estimate SS d,e Includes prescription opioids
Central America (excluding Mexico) Belize 0.30 2005 12-65 CICAD/MEM HHS Opiates
Costa Rica 0.79 0.83 0.75 2015 15 - 64ARQ HHS Includes prescription opioids
El Salvador 0.14 2005 15-64 UNODC Estimate HHS e, x Includes prescription opioids
Northern America (including Mexico) Mexico 0.38 0.19 0.56 2011 12-65 Government source HHS x include prescription opioids
United States of America 5.41 5.22 5.59 2017 15-64 UNODC Estimate HHS/I Opiates and prescription opioids
South America Argentina 0.19 0.13 0.26 2007 15-64 UNODC Estimate e, x
Chile 1.22 0.94 1.50 2016 15-64 ARQ HHS
Chile 0.58 0.54 0.62 2014 15-64 ARQ HHS x Opioids, includes prescription opioids
Uruguay 0.18 0.05 0.30 2011 15-64 UNODC Estimate HHS e, x
Asia Central Asia and Transcaucasia Armenia 0.16 0.14 0.20 2009 15-64 Armenian Pubic Health Associations I x Includes prescription opioids
Armenia 0.28 0.24 0.33 2007 15-64 Government Source
Armenia 0.30 2005 15-64 UNODC Estimate HHS
Georgia 1.36 1.33 1.40 2010 15-64 SCAD Report - Academic Research I x Includes prescription opioids
Georgia 0.58 2006 15-64 UNODC Estimate I
Kazakhstan 1.00 2006 15-64 UNODC (GAP survey) I x Includes prescription opioids
Kyrgyzstan 0.80 2006 15-64 UNODC (GAP survey) I x Includes prescription opioids
Tajikistan 0.54 2006 15-64 UNODC (GAP survey) I x Includes prescription opioids
Turkmenistan 0.32 2007 15-64 ARQ R Opiates
Uzbekistan 0.80 2006 15-64 UNODC (GAP survey) I x Includes prescription opioids
East and South-East Asia Philippines 0.05 2007 15-64 Reference Group to the UN on HIV and IDU
Singapore 0.33 0.28 0.38 2010 15-64 UNODC Estimate I Includes prescription opioids
Near and Middle East/ South-West Asia Afghanistan 2.92 2.65 3.20 4.30 1.45 2009 15-64 UNODC/ Govt. Source HHS x Includes prescription opioids
Pakistan 2.40 2.00 3.10 3.40 1.40 2012 15-64 Government/UNODC HHS/I x Includes prescription opioids
Pakistan 0.70 2006 15-64 UNODC (GAP survey) I x Includes prescription opioids
Southern Asia Bangladesh 0.40 2003 15-64 ARQ HHS a, e, x Includes prescription opioids
India 2.06 4.00 0.20 2018 10-75 Government source HHS/I Includes opium, heroin and prescription opioids
Maldives 1.46 2012 15-64 Government source HHS Includes prescription opioids
Europe Eastern Europe Russian Federation 1.03 2016 15-64 Government/UNODC Estimate I h These estimates are based on a methodology that uses a multiplier calculated in 2006-2009, when the population of opioid users was believed to have been larger than in 2016. Caution should be used in using these estimates because they are under review which is related to the change in pattern of drug abuse among patients entering medical facilities for treatment and care
Russian Federation 2.29 2010 15-64 Government source I x Number of persons in treatment for opioid use disorders, adjusted with a (latency) multiplier of 5.
South-Eastern Europe (including Turkey) Bulgaria 0.30 0.40 0.20 2016 15 - 64ARQ HHS
Bulgaria 0.51 2011 15-64 ARQ I x Includes prescription opioids
Bulgaria 0.44 2008 15-64 ARQ I x Includes prescription opioids
Croatia 0.31 0.25 0.40 2015 15-64 ARQ I Problem opioid users
Romania 0.20 0.20 0.10 2016 15 - 64ARQ HHS
Serbia 5.15 4.15 6.10 2014 18-64 Government sources HHS x Includes prescription opioids
The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia 0.50 2005 15-64 ARQ x Includes prescription opioids
Western and Central Europe Austria 0.53 2015 15-64 ARQ I Problem opioids users
Austria 0.50 0.49 0.51 2013 15-64 EMCDDA I Problem opioids users
Austria 0.53 0.52 0.55 2011 15-64 EMCDDA I Problem opioids users
Belgium 0.20 0.30 0.10 2013 15-64 ARQ HHS Opioid users
Belgium 0.20 2008 15-64 ARQ HHS
Czechia 0.18 0.17 0.19 2016 15-64 ARQ I Problem opioid users
Czechia 0.18 2015 15-64 ARQ HHS Problem opioid users
Czechia 0.16 0.14 0.18 2014 15-64 EMCDDA I Problem opioid users (Heroin, but includes methadone, buprenorphine)
Czechia 0.15 2013 15-64 EMCDDA I Problem opioid users (Heroin, but includes methadone, buprenorphine)
Czechia 0.13 2012 15-64 EMCDDA I Problem opioid users
Estonia 1.53 2008 15-64 ARQ I x Problem Opioid users
Finland 0.41 0.38 0.45 2012 15-64 ARQ I Problem opioid users
Finland 0.60 0.70 0.50 2010 15-64 ARQ HHS x Prescription opioids
France 0.57 0.44 0.69 2015 15-64 EMCDDA I Problem opioid users
France 0.52 0.44 0.74 2013 15-64 EMCDDA I x Data refers to 2013/14. Problem opioid users. Includes some prescription opioids.
Germany 0.30 0.30 0.30 2015 18-64 ARQ HHS
Germany 0.40 0.40 0.30 2012 18-64 ARQ HHS x Opioid users (heroin and illicit opioids)
Germany 0.20 0.30 0.10 2009 18-64 ARQ HHS x Opioid users (heroin and illicit opioids)
Italy 0.79 0.57 1.02 2017 15-64 UNODC Estimate HHS/I Includes heroin, opium and other opioids
Italy 0.80 1.10 0.60 2013 15-64 ARQ HHS Data refers to 2013/14. Includes heroin, methadone and morphine.
Latvia 0.50 0.90 0.20 2015 15-64 ARQ HHS x
Lithuania 0.39 0.27 0.65 2016 15-64 EMCDDA I Problem opioid users
Slovakia 0.30 0.50 0.00 2015 15-64 ARQ HHS
Slovenia 0.35 2016 15-64 ARQ I Problem opioid users
Slovenia 0.37 2015 15-64 ARQ I Problem opioid users
Slovenia 0.37 0.34 0.41 2013 15-64 EMCDDA I Problem opioid users
Spain 0.10 0.20 0.00 2015 15-64 ARQ HHS
Sweden 0.53 0.59 0.46 2013 17-64 ARQ HHS Opioids
Sweden 0.23 0.19 0.28 2007 15-64 ARQ I Opioids
Oceania Australia and New Zealand Australia 3.70 3.40 4.00 3.80 3.60 2016 14+ Government HHS Includes heroin, pharmaceutical opioids, methadone and buprenorphine
Australia 3.30 3.30 3.20 2013 14+ UNODC Estimate HHS x Includes prescription/other opioids
Australia 3.40 3.10 3.70 2010 15-64 Government source HHS a,x
New Zealand 1.10 0.80 1.40 1.50 1.00 2008 16-64 Government source HHS x Prescription opioids and/or opiates
New Zealand 0.42 2006 15-45 ARQ
Except where the prevalence values are taken from household surveys, changes between years need to be interpreted with caution as they might reflect a change in the methodology or the data source from which the estimate was derived and therefore should not be considered as a
change in prevalence.
Opioids include prescription opioids, opiates (opiates include opium and heroin). Includes estimates for the countries for which a total Opioid prevalence was reported or available.
Note: According to the Government of Canada, while prescription opioid use in Canada is reportable (see Table on Prescription opioids), other opioid use was not reportable in 2011, 2012 and 2013; data on heroin and opium use based on the household survey is not reportable and the Government of Canada does not report
an estimate based on indirect methods.
UNODC Adjustments: a=adjusted for age (15-64), b=population-based/household-type study/survey, c=adjusted from a limited geographic population-based study/survey, d=adjusted from school/youth survey, e=adjusted from lifetime/monthly prevalence adjusted to annual prevalence, f=adjusted from specialized
population surveys (including Rapid Assessments), g=adjusted from treatment data, h=adjusted from drug registries, i=adjusted from HIV, problematic drug users (only for heroin), j=lifetime prevalence reported, x=figure may include non-medical use of prescription opioids, z=figures may also include other non-ATS
stimulants, z*= figures include the use of prescription stimulants (non-prescription/non-therapeutic use).
OPIATES
(also includes problem opiate users)
Adjustmen
Hig Femal
Region SubRegion Country Best Low Male Year Age Source Method t/ Specific notes
h e
notes
Africa Eastern Africa Kenya 0.22 2012 15-64 Government Report I Problem opiate users
Kenya 0.73 2004 15-64 Reference Group to the UN on HIV and IDU I c, i
Mauritius 0.91 2007 15-54 ARQ I
Rwanda 0.14 2004 15-64 Cure Research estimate Opiates
Seychelles 2.30 2011 15-64 Government Source Opiates
Somalia 0.16 2004 15-64 Cure Research estimate Opiates
Uganda 0.05 2004 15-64 Cure Research estimate Opiates
Northern Africa Algeria 0.06 0.05 0.06 0.11 0.01 2010 12+ ARQ HHS Opium and heroin
Algeria 0.12 2004 15-64 UNODC Estimate Opiates
Egypt 0.44 0.14 0.73 2006 15-64 Govt; Academic Research HHS, SS a, d Opiates
Libya 0.14 2004 15-64 UNODC Estimate Opiates
Morocco 0.01 2014 15-64 UNAIDS/GARPR I People who inject drugs
Morocco 0.08 2011 15-64 Government Report I People who inject drugs
Morocco 0.02 2004 15-64 ARQ Opiates
Tunisia 0.12 2011 15-64 Government Report I Problem opiate users
Southern and South-Eastern Africa South Africa 0.41 2008 15-64 ARQ HHS Opiates
Swaziland 0.17 2004 15-64 Cure Research estimate Opiates
Zambia 0.37 2003 15-64 UNODC Estimate Opiates
Zimbabwe 0.04 2004 15-64 Cure Research estimate Opiates
West and Central Africa Cabo Verde 0.18 2004 15-64 UNODC Estimate Opiates
Central African Republic 0.05 2004 15-64 Cure Research estimate Opiates
Chad 0.22 2004 15-64 Cure Research estimate Opiates
Congo 0.13 2004 15-64 Cure Research estimate Opiates
Democratic Republic of the Congo 0.13 2004 15-64 Cure Research estimate Opiates
Ghana 0.14 2004 15-65 Cure Research estimate Opiates
Liberia 0.17 2004 15-64 Cure Research estimate Opiates
Niger 0.20 2004 15-64 Reference Group to the UN on HIV and IDU I Problem opiate users
Nigeria 0.09 0.00 0.21 2017 15-64 Government/UNODC HHS/I Heroin
Nigeria 0.70 0.30 1.00 2008 15-64 UNODC Estimate Opiates
Senegal 0.08 2006 15-64 UNODC Estimate SS a, d, e Opiates
Sierra Leone 0.17 2004 15-64 Cure Research estimate Opiates
AmericasCaribbean Bahamas 0.22 2003 15-64 UNODC Estimate
Barbados 0.11 0.10 0.13 2006 15-64 UNODC Estimate Opiates
Dominican Republic 0.07 0.05 0.09 2008 15-64 UNODC Estimate SS d
Dominican Republic 0.11 2001 15-64 UNODC Estimate
Haiti 0.07 2006 15-64 ARQ SS a, d, e
Jamaica 0.70 0.30 1.10 2006 15-64 UNODC Estimate SS d,e, x Opiates
Jamaica 0.10 2001 15-64 UNODC Estimate
Central America (excluding Mexico) Belize 0.30 2005 12-65 CICAD/MEM HHS Opiates
Costa Rica 0.04 0.06 0.01 2015 15 - 64ARQ HHS Heroin
El Salvador 0.11 2005 15-64 UNODC Estimate HHS e
Guatemala 0.04 2005 15-65 ARQ Opiates
Honduras 0.15 2005 15-64 UNODC Estimate HHS e Opiates
Nicaragua 0.02 2006 12-65 CICAD/MEM HHS Opiates
Mexico 0.10 0.10 2016 12-65 Government source HHS Heroin only
Mexico 0.18 0.10 0.26 2011 12-65 Government source HHS
United States of America 0.97 0.79 1.16 2017 15-64 UNODC Estimate HHS/I Heroin from NSDUH and chronic heroin user estimations (ONDCP)
South America Argentina 0.07 0.05 0.09 2010 15-64 UNODC Estimate e
Argentina 0.13 0.09 0.17 2007 15-64 UNODC Estimate e
Bolivia (Plurinational State of) 0.07 2004 15-64 UNODC Estimate
Brazil 0.10 2016 15-64 ARQ HHS Heroin
Chile 0.00 0.00 0.00 2016 15-64 ARQ HHS
Chile 0.02 0.05 0.00 2014 15-64 ARQ HHS
Chile 0.02 2010 15-64 ARQ HHS
Chile 0.10 2008 15-64 HHS HHS
Colombia 0.03 2013 12-65 Government source HHS Opiates
Colombia 0.02 2008 12-64 ARQ HHS
Colombia 0.02 2004 15-64 UNODC Estimate
Ecuador 0.02 0.03 2013 12-65 ARQ HHS Opiates
Ecuador 0.07 0.06 0.08 2007 12-65 ARQ HHS
Ecuador 0.12 2005 15-64 UNODC Estimate e
Paraguay 0.03 2003 12-65 ARQ HHS e Opiates
Peru 0.18 2005 12-64 UNODC Estimate Opiates
Uruguay 0.06 0.02 0.10 2011 15-64 UNODC Estimate HHS e
Uruguay 0.10 2006 15-64 UNODC Estimate HHS e
Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) 0.03 2011 12-65 ARQ HHS Opiates
Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) 0.10 2003 15-64 ARQ SS a, d, e
Asia Central Asia and Transcaucasia Armenia 0.20 0.17 0.24 2007 15-64 Government Source
Azerbaijan 1.50 1.28 1.72 2010 15-64 Government report I Problem opiate users
Azerbaijan 0.20 2008 15-64 ARQ I
Georgia 0.72 0.71 0.74 2010 15-64 Academic Research I
Georgia 0.31 2006 15-64 UNODC Estimate I
Kazakhstan 1.03 0.97 1.08 2015 15-64 UNODC Estimate I k Heroin. Benchmark multipliers.
Kazakhstan 0.89 2006 15-64 UNODC (GAP survey) I
Kyrgyzstan 0.89 0.82 0.96 2015 15-64 UNODC Estimate I k Heroin. Benchmark multipliers.
Kyrgyzstan 0.74 2006 15-64 UNODC (GAP survey) I
Tajikistan 0.52 0.51 0.52 2015 15-64 UNODC Estimate I k Heroin. Benchmark multipliers.
Tajikistan 0.54 2006 15-64 UNODC (GAP survey) I
Turkmenistan 0.32 2007 15-64 ARQ
Uzbekistan 0.93 0.78 1.08 2015 15-64 UNODC Estimate I k Heroin. Benchmark multipliers.
Uzbekistan 0.78 2006 15-64 UNODC (GAP survey) I
East and South-East Asia Cambodia 0.04 2007 15-64 Government source I Problem opiate users
Cambodia 0.03 2004 15-64 INCSR/ Reference Group to the UN on HIV and IDU I
China 0.19 0.13 0.25 2012 15-64 UNAIDS I Problem opiate users
China 0.25 0.19 0.31 2005 15-64 Academic research/ Reference Group to the UN on HI I Problem opiate users
China, Hong Kong SAR 0.20 2006 15-64 ARQ Opiates
China, Taiwan Province of China 0.20 2005 12-64 Government source Opiates
Indonesia 0.01 2014 15-64 ARQ I Problem opiate users
Indonesia 0.11 2010 15-64 ARQ I Problem opiate users
Indonesia 0.16 2005 15-64 ARQ Problem opiate users
Lao People's Democratic Republic 0.37 2008 15-64 UNODC (ICMP) HHS a, c Opiates
Malaysia 0.94 2009 15-64 SMART I Problem opiate users
Myanmar 0.80 0.70 0.90 2010 15-64 UNODC (ICMP) HHS a,c Opiates
Philippines 0.04 0.03 0.04 2011 15-64 Government Report I Problem opiate users
Republic of Korea 0.00 2004 15-64 ARQ HHS a,e
Singapore 0.32 0.27 0.37 2010 15-64 UNODC Estimate I
Singapore 0.01 2006 15-64 ARQ R Opiates
Thailand 0.20 2007 15-64 ARQ HHS Opiates
Viet Nam 0.53 2011 15-64 Government source I Problem opiate users
Viet Nam 0.27 0.25 0.28 2005 15-64 INCSR/ Reference Group to the UN on HIV and IDU
Near and Middle East/ South-West Asia Afghanistan 2.65 2.34 2.96 3.90 1.30 2009 15-64 UNODC/ Govt. Source HHS
Iran (Islamic Republic of) 3.31 2015 15-64 Government source/UNODC Estimate HHS Heroin, opium, opium remnant and opium residue
Iran (Islamic Republic of) 2.69 2.02 3.37 2013 18+ Academic/UNODC Estimate NSUM a Opium, opium residue and heroin
Iran (Islamic Republic of) 1.76 1.38 2.14 2011 15-64 Government source Opium and heroin
Iran (Islamic Republic of) 2.26 2010 15-64 ARQ Opiates
Israel 0.40 0.30 0.50 2016 18-65 UNODC Estimate HHS Opium and heroin
Israel 0.53 0.46 0.59 0.92 0.13 2009 18-40 ARQ HHS
Kuwait 0.17 2004 15-64 UNODC Estimate Opiates
Lebanon 0.20 2003 15-64 ARQ Opiates
Pakistan 0.57 2006 15-64 UNODC (GAP survey)
Saudi Arabia 0.06 2006 15-64 UNODC Estimate Opiates
Syrian Arab Republic 0.02 2005 UNODC Estimate Opiates
United Arab Emirates 0.02 2004 15-64 UNODC Estimate Opiates
Southern Asia Bangladesh 0.37 2003 15-64 ARQ HHS a, e
India 1.42 2018 10-75 Government source HHS/I Includes heroin and opium
Maldives 1.34 2012 15-64 Government source HHS Includes prescription opioids
Nepal 0.24 0.18 0.29 2006 15-64 Government source I, b Problem opiate users
Sri Lanka 0.30 0.28 0.32 2016 15-64 Government source I g,h
Sri Lanka 0.33 0.33 0.33 2010 15-64 ARQ I Opiates
Sri Lanka 0.11 2006 15-64 ARQ Opiates
Europe Eastern Europe Belarus 0.76 2016 15-64 ARQ I Problem opiate users
Belarus 0.59 2011 15-64 UNODC Estimate I h,g Problem opiate users
Belarus 0.39 0.07 0.67 2007 15-64 UNODC Estimate R h,g
Republic of Moldova 0.12 2011 15-64 ARQ I Problem opiate users
Republic of Moldova 0.15 0.15 0.17 2008 15-64 Government source R, HHS e Opiates
Russian Federation 1.40 1.40 1.40 2010 15-64 Government source I Number of persons in treatment for heroin use disorders, adjusted with a (latency) multiplier of 5.
Russian Federation 1.64 2007 15-64 UNODC Estimate I Opiates
Ukraine 1.05 0.88 1.23 2012 15-64 Government source I Problem opiate users
Ukraine 0.91 2009 15-64 ARQ I Problem opiate users
Ukraine 1.16 2006 15-64 Reference Group to the UN on HIV and IDU I
South-Eastern Europe (including Turkey Albania 0.45 2007 15-64 ARQ R h,g Problem opiate users
Bosnia and Herzegovina 0.30 2009 15-64 ARQ I Problem opiate users
Bosnia and Herzegovina 0.30 2005 15-64 Reference Group to the UN on HIV and IDU I Problem opiate users
Bulgaria 0.50 2011 15-64 ARQ I Opiates
Bulgaria 0.29 2008 15-64 ARQ I
Croatia 0.35 2012 15-64 ARQ I Problem opiate users
Croatia 0.36 0.32 0.40 2010 15-64 EMCDDA I Problem opiate users
Croatia 0.36 2006 15-64 ARQ I
Romania 0.17 2016 15-64 ARQ I Problem opiate users
Romania 0.11 2011 15-64 ARQ I Problem opiate users
Serbia 0.28 0.18 0.38 2008 15-64 ARQ I Problem opiate users
The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia 0.40 0.40 0.50 2005 15-64 ARQ x Includes prescription opioids
Turkey 0.03 0.02 0.05 2011 15-64 EMCDDA I Problem opiate users
Turkey 0.03 0.03 0.03 2010 15-64 EMCDDA I Problem opiate users
Turkey 0.05 2008 15-64 EMCDDA I Problem opiate users
Western and Central Europe Cyprus 0.18 0.15 0.22 2016 15-64 ARQ I Problem opiate users
Cyprus 0.25 0.19 0.32 2015 15-64 EMCDDA I Problem opiate users
Denmark 0.52 0.49 0.55 2009 15-64 Government source I Problem opiate users
Denmark 0.60 2005 15-64 ARQ I
France 0.52 2011 15-64 ARQ I Problem opiate users
France 0.36 2010 15-64 UNODC Estimate I
Germany 0.22 2014 15-64 ARQ I Problem opiate users
Germany 0.21 2013 15-64 Government source I Problem opiate users
Germany 0.23 2012 18-64 ARQ I Problem Opiate users
Germany 0.13 2009 18-64 ARQ HHS
Greece 0.25 0.21 0.29 2016 15-64 ARQ I Problem opiate users
Greece 0.23 2015 15-64 ARQ I Problem opiate users
Greece 0.24 0.21 0.28 2014 15-64 EMCDDA I Problem opiate users
Hungary 0.13 0.17 0.00 2015 18-64 ARQ HHS Includes poppy tea
Hungary 0.05 0.04 0.05 2011 15-64 EMCDDA I Problem opiate users
Hungary 0.05 2009 15-64 ARQ I
Ireland 0.62 0.61 0.70 2014 15-64 ARQ I Problem opiate users
Ireland 0.72 0.62 0.81 2006 15-64 EMCDDA I Problem opiate users
Ireland 0.50 2001 15-64 ARQ I
Italy 0.57 2017 15-64 UNODC Estimate/ARQ I Problem heroin users
Italy 0.52 0.46 0.59 2015 15-64 EMCDDA I Problem heroin users
Italy 0.52 0.46 0.58 2014 15-64 EMCDDA I Problem heroin users
Italy 0.80 1.10 0.60 2013 15-64 Government source HHS Data refers to 2013/14. Problem opiate users.
Latvia 0.56 2017 15-64 ARQ I Problem heroin users
Latvia 0.49 0.41 0.59 2016 15-64 Government source I Problem opiate users
Latvia 0.47 0.34 0.75 2014 15-64 EMCDDA I Problem opiate users
Latvia 0.62 0.42 1.00 2013 15-64 EMCDDA I Problem opiate users
Latvia 0.49 0.50 0.36 2012 15-64 EMCDDA I
Liechtenstein 0.20 2005 15-64 ARQ SS a, b Mainly opiates
Lithuania 0.24 0.23 0.24 2007 15-64 EMCDDA I Problem opiate users
Lithuania 0.10 2006 15-64 Government source I Problem opiate users
Luxembourg 0.45 2015 15-64 EMCDDA I Problem opiate users
Luxembourg 0.59 2007 15-64 ARQ/EMCDDA I Problem heroin users
Luxembourg 0.93 2000 15-64 EMCDDA I
Malta 0.61 2016 15-64 ARQ I Daily heroin users
Malta 0.59 2015 15-64 ARQ I Daily heroin users
Malta 0.57 0.53 0.62 2014 15-64 EMCDDA I Problem opiate users
Malta 0.62 0.58 0.66 2012 15-64 EMCDDA I Problem Opiate users
Netherlands 0.13 0.11 0.15 2012 15-64 EMCDDA I Problem opiate users
Netherlands 0.16 2008 15-64 EMCDDA I
Norway 0.27 2013 15-64 ARQ I Problem opiate users
Norway 0.30 0.21 0.39 2008 15-64 EMCDDA I Problem opiate users
Poland 1.70 1.80 1.50 2016 15 - 64ARQ HHS Includes "Kompot"
Poland 0.06 2014 15-64 ARQ I Problem opiate users
Poland 0.10 2013 15-64 ARQ I Problem opiate users
Poland 0.10 0.10 0.10 2012 15-64 ARQ HHS Problem opiate users
Poland 0.30 2010 15-64 ARQ HHS Includes "Kompot"
Portugal 0.52 0.38 0.76 2015 15-64 Government source I Problem opiate users. Continental Portugal only
Portugal 0.49 0.42 0.55 2012 15-64 EMCDDA I Problem opiate users
Portugal 0.38 2007 15-64 ARQ I Problem opiate users
Slovakia 0.13 0.10 0.25 2008 15-64 EMCDDA I Problem opiate users
Slovenia 0.49 0.43 0.58 2012 15-64 EMCDDA I Problem opiate users
Slovenia 0.44 0.40 0.48 2011 15-64 EMCDDA I Problem opiate users
Spain 0.22 0.15 0.29 2016 15-64 ARQ I Problem heroin users
Spain 0.23 0.16 0.30 2015 15-64 ARQ I Problem heroin users
Spain 0.21 0.16 0.26 2014 15 - 64ARQ I Problem heroin users
Spain 0.21 0.16 0.25 2013 15-64 Government source and ARQ I Problem opiate users
Spain 0.21 0.17 0.26 2012 15-64 Government Source I Problem opiate users
Switzerland 0.43 0.39 0.47 2015 15-64 Government source I Opiates
United Kingdom (England and Wales) 0.76 0.75 0.79 2015 15-64 Government source I Data refers to 2014/15 for England and Wales. Problem opiate users.
United Kingdom (England and Wales) 0.73 0.72 0.76 2011 15-64 EMCDDA/UNODC Estimate I Data refers to 2011/12. Problem opiate users. Includes data for 2009/10 for Wales
United Kingdom (England and Wales) 0.75 0.73 0.78 2010 15-64 EMCDDA/UNODC Estimate I Data refers to 2010/11. Problem opiate users. Includes data for 2009/10 for Wales
United Kingdom (Northern Ireland) 0.12 0.12 0.17 2004 15-64 EMCDDA I
United Kingdom (Scotland) 1.51 1.47 1.57 2.19 0.86 2012 15-64 Information Services Division, Scotland I Data refers to 2012/13. Estimated as 90% of opiate and benzodiazepine users DORIS
United Kingdom (Scotland) 1.52 1.49 1.56 2009 15-64 EMCDDA/UNODC Estimate I Data refers to 2009/10. Problem opiate users
Oceania Australia and New Zealand Australia 0.20 2016 14+ ARQ HHS Heroin
Australia 0.20 2010 15-64 ARQ HHS a
Australia 0.20 2007 15-64 ARQ HHS a
New Zealand 0.10 0.10 0.30 2008 16-64 Government source HHS x Heroin, Opium, Homebake
New Zealand 0.42 2006 15-45 ARQ
Except where the prevalence values are taken from household surveys, changes between years need to be interpreted with caution as they might reflect a change in the methodology or the data source from which the estimate was derived and therefore should not be considered as a change
in prevalence.
The data from household surveys and indirect estimates of problem opiate users is not comparable.
Note: According to the Government of Canada, while prescription opioid use in Canada is reportable (see Table on Prescription opioids), other opioid use was not reportable in 2011, 2012 and 2013; data on heroin and opium use based on the household survey is not reportable and the Government of Canada does not report an
estimate based on indirect methods.
UNODC Adjustments: a=adjusted for age (15-64), b=population-based/household-type study/survey, c=adjusted from a limited geographic population-based study/survey, d=adjusted from school/youth survey, e=adjusted from lifetime/monthly prevalence adjusted to annual prevalence, f=adjusted from specialized population
surveys (including Rapid Assessments), g=adjusted from treatment data, h=adjusted from drug registries, i=adjusted from HIV, problematic drug users (only for heroin), j=lifetime prevalence reported, k=adjusted from multiple benchmark indicators, x=figure may include non-medical use of prescription opioids, z=figures may
also include other non-ATS stimulants, z*= figures include the use of prescription stimulants, (non-prescription/non-therapeutic use).
PRESCRIPTION OPIOIDS
Adjustment/
Region SubRegion Country Best Low High Male Female Year Age Source Method Specific notes
notes
Africa Eastern Africa Mauritius 1.04 2007 15-54 ARQ I

Northern Africa Tunisia 0.13 2013 15-64 ARQ HHS
Southern and South-Eastern Africa South Africa 0.09 2008 15-64 ARQ HHS
West and Central Africa Nigeria 4.66 4.21 5.11 6.00 3.30 2017 15-64 Government/UNODC HHS/I Includes Tramadol
AmericasCaribbean Barbados 0.16 0.12 0.21 2006 15-64 UNODC Estimate
Dominican Republic 0.03 2008 15-64 UNODC Estimate SS d
Haiti 0.13 2006 15-64 ARQ SS a, d, e
Central America (excluding Mexico) Costa Rica 0.75 0.77 0.74 2015 15 - 64 ARQ HHS
Costa Rica 0.63 1.37 0.59 2010 15-64 ARQ HHS x
Costa Rica 2.80 2.80 2.90 2006 12-70 ARQ HHS x
El Salvador 0.06 2005 15-64 UNODC Estimate HHS e
Northern America (including Mexico) Canada 0.36 0.46 2015 15-64 ARQ HHS
Canada 0.40 0.40 2013 15-64 ARQ/Government HHS *
Canada 1.00 1.30 2012 15-64 ARQ HHS *
Canada 0.50 2009 15-64 ARQ HHS, I x
Mexico 0.10 0.10 0.10 2016 12 - 65 ARQ HHS
United States of America 4.80 2014 15-64 UNODC Estimate HHS
United States of America 5.00 2013 15-64 UNODC Estimate
United States of America 5.20 2011 15-64 ARQ/UNODC Estimate HHS
United States of America 5.70 2010 15-64 ARQ/ UNODC Estimate HHS a
South America Argentina 0.06 0.08 0.04 2011 16-65 ARQ/Government HHS
Argentina 0.11 0.10 0.13 2007 15-64 UNODC Etimate e
Brazil 0.40 2005 12-65 ARQ HHS e
Chile 1.22 0.94 1.50 2016 15-64 ARQ HHS
Chile 0.56 0.50 0.62 2014 15-64 ARQ HHS
Chile 0.28 0.24 0.32 2012 15-64 ARQ HHS x
Chile 0.27 2010 15-64 ARQ HHS
Chile 0.40 2008 15-64 HHS HHS
Uruguay 0.12 0.03 0.20 2011 15-64 UNODC Estimate HHS e
Asia Central Asia and Transcaucasia Armenia 0.08 2007 15-64 Government source
Georgia 0.27 2010 15-64 SCAD/Report - Academic Research I
Kazakhstan 0.11 2006 15-64 UNODC (GAP survey) I
Kyrgyzstan 0.06 2006 15-64 UNODC (GAP survey) I
Uzbekistan 0.02 2006 15-64 UNODC (GAP survey) I
East and South-East Asia Indonesia 0.26 2017 10-59 Government HHS Estimate for 13 provinces. Tramadol only.
Indonesia 0.05 0.10 0.01 2015 10-60 ARQ HHS 20 of 34 provinces. Tramadol.
Republic of Korea 0.08 0.06 0.10 2004 15-64 ARQ HHS a, e, x
Near and Middle East/ South-West Asia Afghanistan 0.55 0.46 0.63 0.80 0.30 2009 15-64 UNODC/ Govt. source HHS
Israel 0.90 0.90 1.00 2016 18-65 ARQ HHS
Israel 0.21 0.39 0.04 2009 18-40 ARQ HHS Methadone
Pakistan 1.50 1.30 1.60 1.60 1.40 2012 15-64 Government/UNODC HHS and indirect
Pakistan 0.13 2006 15-64 UNODC (GAP survey)
Southern Asia Bangladesh 0.03 2003 15-64 ARQ HHS a, e
India 0.96 2018 10-75 Government source HHS/I Pharmaceutical opioids
Europe Eastern Europe Belarus 0.04 0.01 0.07 2007 15-64 UNODC Estimate R h,g
South-Eastern Europe (including Turkey) Bulgaria 0.20 0.20 0.20 2016 15 - 64 ARQ HHS
Bulgaria 0.10 0.10 0.10 2012 15-64 ARQ I
Western and Central Europe Czechia 2.60 2.20 2.90 2012 15-64 ARQ HHS
Estonia 0.71 2008 15-64 ARQ I
Finland 0.70 1.00 0.30 2014 15-64 ARQ HHS
Germany 0.30 0.40 0.30 2012 18-64 HHS Unspecified opiates other than heroin
Italy 0.45 0.60 0.31 2017 15-64 Government source HHS
Italy 0.70 0.90 0.40 2013 15-64 ARQ HHS Data refers to 2013/14
Poland 0.10 0.10 0.00 2012 15-64 ARQ HHS
United Kingdom (England and Wales) 0.06 2017 16-59 Government source HHS Data refers to 2017/18. Methadone. Crime Survey for England and Wales
United Kingdom (England and Wales) 0.04 0.07 0.01 2016 16-59 Government source HHS Data refers to 2016/17. Methadone. Crime Survey for England and Wales
United Kingdom (England and Wales) 0.08 0.12 0.03 2015 16-59 Government source HHS Data refers to 2015/16. Methadone.
United Kingdom (Scotland) 0.19 0.28 0.10 2014 16-64 Government source HHS Data refers to 2014/15. Methadone/Physeptone.
Oceania Australia and New Zealand Australia 3.60 2016 14+ ARQ HHS
Australia 3.28 3.33 3.23 2013 14+ Government source HHS
Australia 3.10 2010 15-64 Government source HHS a
New Zealand 1.00 0.70 1.30 1.50 1.00 2008 15-64 Government source HHS 2007/08 New Zealand Alcohol and Drug Use Survey
Except where the prevalence values are taken from household surveys, changes between years need to be interpreted with caution as they might reflect a change in the methodology or the data source from which the estimate was derived and therefore
should not be considered as a change in prevalence.
Opioids include prescription opioids and opiates (opiates include opium and heroin).
* According to the Government of Canada, while opioid use in Canada is reportable, other opioid use was not reportable in 2011, 2012 and 2013; data on heroin and opium use based on the household survey is not reportable and the Government of Canada does not report an estimate
based on indirect methods.
UNODC Adjustments: a=adjusted for age (15-64), b=population-based/household-type study/survey, c=adjusted from a limited geographic population-based study/survey, d=adjusted from school/youth survey, e=adjusted from lifetime/monthly prevalence adjusted to annual prevalence,
f=adjusted from specialized population surveys (including Rapid Assessments), g=adjusted from treatment data, h=adjusted from drug registries, i=adjusted from HIV, problematic drug users (only for heroin), j=lifetime prevalence reported, x=figure may include non-medical use of
prescription opioids, z=figures may also include other non-ATS stimulants, z*= figures include the use of prescription stimulants (non-prescription/non-therapeutic use).

Excell

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Excell

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

CANNABIS

Urban areas. Cannabis herb.

Cannabis herb and resin

Cannabis herb and resin

Estimate for 13 provinces

Cannabis herb. Data for 2015/16.

Grass, hashish, marijuana and Gol

Herb, resin and leaf

Public health research

Data for 2014-15.

Data refers to 2013-14

Includes herb and hashish

Data refers to 2014/15

Data refers to 2016/2017

Data refers to 2014/15

Data for 2016-17.

Method: HHS=Household survey, I=Indirect estimates

Africa Eastern Africa Mauritius 1.04 2007 15-54 ARQ I

You might also like