SULIT 2 4541/2

KIMIA
Kertas 2 MODUL STRAIGHT A+ KIMIA
Esei SIJIL PELAJARAN MALAYSIA 2019
Cadangan Jawapan

No MARKING CRITERIA MARK

SUB TOTAL

1(a)  Freezing 1
 The particles of the compound arrange closer to each other
// Stronger forces of attraction formed among the particles. 1
 This will release energy. 1

 The energy released is equal to the heat energy lost to the

surrounding.
1 4

(b)(i)  At 80oC : Solid 1

 At 280oC : Gas
1 2

(ii)

Temperature 80oC (Solid) 280oC (Gas)

Arrangement of Particles are Particles are far
particles orderly and apart.
1
closely packed
together.

Movement of Vibrating and Particles move

particles rotating about in randomly and
their fixed positions. rapidly in all
directions. 1
The forces of Strong Weak 1
attraction

Kinetic energy Low High

1 4

Note: 1 mark for each correct comparison.

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(iii) Able to describe the procedure correctly.

Example:
1. A boiling tube is filled with powder of compound M to a
depth of 3 cm. 1
2. A thermometer is placed into powder of compound M in the 1
boiling tube.
3. A 500 ml beaker is filled with coconut oil/palm oil until it is ¾ 1
full.
4. The beaker is then placed on a tripod stand. 1
5. The boiling tube containing compound M is clamped onto a
retort stand and immersed into the coconut oil/palm oil in the
beaker. 1
6. The coconut oil/palm oil is heated slowly and the stopwatch
is started. 1
7. The powder of compound M is stirred slowly with the
thermometer. 1
8. The temperature of the compound M is recorded at 30-
second intervals until the compound M has melted
completely. 1

Result:
The temperature reading are recorded in a table as shown below.

Time(s) 0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 ….

Temperature
(oC) 1 8
Max 6
The graph of temperature against time for the heating of compound
M is plotted. O
Temperature ( C)

o
TC

Time (s)

Conclusion:
Based on the graph, the temperature remains constant at T oC.
(Must indicate T in the graph) 1

Therefore, the melting point of compound M is T oC. 1

4

20

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2 (a) (i)
Element C H O
Mass (g) 39.9 6.7 53.5 1
Number of 39.9/12 // 6.7/1 // 6.7 53.5/16 //
mole(mol) 3.33 3.34 1
Ratio of mole 1 2 1
Empirical formula is CH2O 1 3
(ii) Relative Molecular mass of (CH2O)n = 60//
(12 + 2+16)n = 60// 1
n=2
Thus, molecular formula = C2H4O2 1 2
(iii) Ethanoic acid 1 1
(b)
Empirical formula// CH2O Molecular formula // C2H4O2
Shows the .simplest ratio of Shows the actual number of 1+1
atoms of each element in a atoms of each element in a
compound. molecule of the compound.
Consists of 1 carbon atom, 2 Consists of 2 carbon atoms, 4
hydrogen atoms and 1 hydrogen atoms and 2
1+1
oxygen atom oxygen atoms
Both compound contains elements carbon, hydrogen and
oxygen. 1
Both show the same ratio of atoms of each element in a
compound 1 Max:
4
(c) (i) Reactants : Calcium carbonate 1
Ethanoic acid 1

Products : Calcium ethanoate 1

Carbon dioxide 1
Water 1 3
(ii) CaCO3 + 2CH3COOH  (CH3COO)2Ca + CO2 + H2O
[Correct formula of reactant and products] 1
[Balanced equation] 1 2
(d) Percentage of N Urea , (NH2)2CO = 28 x 100% = 46.67% 1
60

Ammonium sulphate, (NH4)2SO4: Percentage of N

= 28 x 100% = 21.21% 1
132

Percentage of N Ammonium nitrate, NH4NO3

= 28 x 100% = 35% 1
80

Urea , (NH2)2CO the highest percentage of nitrogen by mass. 1+1 5

TOTAL 20

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3 (a) 1. Hydrogen easily flammable /explode. 1

2. Helium 1
3. Helium is lighter 1
4. Helium is inert gas// unreactive 1 4

(b) 1. Correct formulae of reactants and products 1

2. Balanced equation 1
Fe + 3Br2
3. The reactivity of reaction I is higher than reaction II. 1
4. The atomic size of chlorine is smaller than bromine 1
5. The forces of attraction of the nucleus toward the electrons
is stronger in chlorine atom than in bromine atom 1
6. It is easier for chlorine atom to attract electron 1 6
(c) 1. Cut a small piece of lithium using a knife and forceps 1
2. Dry the oil on the surface of the lithium with filter paper 1
3. Place the lithium slowly onto the water surface in a through 1
4. Record the observations 1
5. Repeat steps 1-5 using sodium and potassium to replace
lithium. 1
6. Lithium moves slowly on the water surface 1
7. Sodium moves faster and randomly on the surface of water//
Sodium ignites with a yellow flame 1
8. Potassium moves vigorously and randomly on the water
surface.// Potassium ignites with a lilac flame // produce
‘pop’ sound 1
9. Correct formulae of reactants and products 1
10. Balanced equation 1
10
TOTAL 20

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4. (a) 1. P : EO 1
2. Q : CO2 1 2

(b) Compound P
1 Electron arrangement of E atom is 2.2 and O atom is 2.6 // 1
[a : Valence electron of atom E is 2 and O is 6].
2 To achieve duplet/octet electron arrangement; 1
3 an atom of E release 2 electrons to form E2+ //
E → E2+ + 2e 1
4 an atom of R receive 2 electrons form R2- //
R + 2e → R2- 1
5 E2+ ion and R2- ion / Oppositely charged ions attract each
other by strong electrostatic force // [Diagram] 1
6 Ionic bond is formed. 1 Max 5

Compound Q
7 Electron arrangement of C atom is 2.4 and O atom is 2.6 1
8 To achieve octet electron arrangement; 1
9 One atom of C contribute 4 electrons to share //
one atom of O contribute 2 electrons for share 1
10 One C atom share four electrons with two oxygen atoms // 1
[Diagram]
11 Covalent bond is formed. 1 5

(c) Compound P
1. High melting point 1
2. Attraction force between oppositely-charged ions is very
strong. 1
3. A lot of heat energy required to overcome the force. 1
4. Conduct electricity in molten state or aqueous solution 1
5. has freely moving/mobile ions. 1

Compound Q
1. Low melting point 1
2. Attraction force between molecules is very weak. 1
3. A small amount of heat energy required to overcome the
force 1
4. Cannot conduct electricity #in any state#. 1
5. Exist as molecules // Does not have ions. 1 Max 8

TOTAL 20

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5 (a) (i) A - glucose solution / (any suitable covalent compound) 1

B – solid sodium chloride / (any suitable ionic 1
compound in solid state )
C – sodium chloride solution / (any suitable ionic compound in 1
aqueous state) 3
A – non electrolyte 1
(ii) B- non electrolyte 1
C- electrolyte 1 3
(iii) 1. A cannot conduct electricity 1
2. because A consist of molecule//has no free moving ions 1
3. B cannot conduct electricity 1
4. Because the ions in B cannot move freely 1
5. C can conduct electricity 1
6. Because the ions in C move freely 1 6
(b) (i) Dissolve the substance in water 1

(ii) Diagram :
[Functional diagram] 1
[Label] 1 2

Sample answer :

carbon electrode
elektrod karbon

Sodium bicarbonate
Elektrod
solution copper
Larutan natrium
bikarbonat
(iii) Procedure :
1. The carbon electrodes were cleaned with a sand paper. 1
2. Sodium bikarbonate solution were poured into a beaker. 1
3. The carbons electrodes were connected to the circuit and
dipped into the sodium bikarbonate solution. 1
4. The circuit was switch on for 15 minutes. 1
5. Observations at the anode and the cathode were
recorded. 1 5

TOTAL 20

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6 (a) Alkali A –sodium hydroxide/ barium hydroxide/ barium 1

hydroxide/potassium hydroxide
Strong alkali 1
Ionises completely in water to produce high concentration of OH- ion. 1

Alkali B – ammonia solution 1

Weak alkali 1
Ionises partially in water to produce low concentration of OH-. 1…6
(b) (i) X : water 1
Y : methylbenzene/tetrachloromethane/any organic solvents 1.....2
(ii) Hydrogen chloride ionizes completely in water 1
To form H+, so solution X shows acidic properties. 1
Without water, hydrogen chloride exist as molecules 1
There are no H+ present, so solution Y does not show acidic properties 1.....4
(c) Calculation :
2.0 x V1 = 0.1 x 500 // 1
V1 = 0.1 x 500
2.0
= 25 cm3 1

1. Use pipette to draw up 25 cm3 2.0 mol dm-3 sulphuric acid. 1

2. Transfer the acid to a 500 cm3 volumetric flask. 1
3. Add distilled water to bring the level of solution until the calibration 1
mark
4. Stopper the flask and shake well. 1…6
(d) Add powdered lime/ lime stone/ ashes of burnt wood 1
Reason : weak alkali, can neutralise acidity in the soil 1.....2

TOTAL 20

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7 (a) (i) 1. Cation : Ba2+ // Pb2+ // Ag+ 1

2. Anion : CO32- 1
3. Ba2+ // Pb2+ // Ag+ reacts with SO42- ion to form insoluble
salt // Pb2+ // Ag+ reacts with Cl- ion to form insoluble salt. 1
4. Ba2+ + SO42-  BaSO4 // Pb2+ + SO42- PbSO4 // 1
2Ag+ + SO42-  Ag2SO4 // Pb2+ + Cl-  PbCl2 //
Ag+ + Cl-  AgCl
5. CO32- reacts with Ca2+ / Mg2+ ion to form insoluble salt. 1
6. Ca2+ + CO32-  CaCO3 // Mg2+ + CO32-  MgCO3 1 6
(ii) 1. Ca2+ ion 1
2. Mg2+ ion 1
3. Sodium carbonate // Potassium carbonate 1
4. Measure [20-100] cm3 of river water and pour into a
beaker 1
5. Measure [20-100] cm3 of [0.1-2.0] mol dm-3 sodium
carbonate solution and pour into the beaker 1
6. Stir the mixture 1
7. Filter the mixture 1
8. Double decomposition reaction 1
9. Product is calcium carbonate // magnesium carbonate 1
10. Product is insoluble 1 10
(b) 1. Add barium chloride / nitrate solution into salt J 1
2. white precipitate formed, SO42- present 1
3. Add silver chloride solution into salt L 1
4. white precipitate formed, Cl- present 1 4
TOTAL 20

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8. 2(a) Zn + 2HCl→ ZnCl2 + H2 1+1

Number of moles of zinc = 0.5 // 0.008 1
65

0.008 moles of zinc→ 0.008 moles of hydrogen 1

Volume of gas = 0.008 x 24000 cm3 // 192 cm3 1...5

(b) Volume of gas / cm3

192

III II I

25 50 80 Time / s

[ Axes-labelled and unit] 1

[ Maximum volume and time are shown ] 1
[ Correct label for experiment I,II,III ] 1...3

(c) Experiment I

Average rate = 192 // 2.40 cm3s-1 1

80
Experiment II

Average rate = 192 // 3.84 cm3s-1 1

50
Experiment III

Average rate = 192 // 7.68 cm3s-1 1...3

25

(d) Experiment I and Experiment II

Rate of reaction experiment II is higher 1

Size of zinc in experiment II is smaller 1
The smaller the size of zinc the larger the total surface area 1
Frequency of collision between zinc and hydrogen ions increase 1
Frequency of effective collision increase 1
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Experiment II and Experiment III

Rate of reaction experiment III is higher 1

Copper (II)sulphate solution act as catalyst 1
Catalyst reduce the activation energy 1
More colliding particle achieve activation energy 1
Frequency of effective collision increase 1..max 9
20

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9 (a) (i) 1. Homologous series : Ester 1

2. Compound Z : Methyl butanoate 1
3. Low melting/ boiling point 1
4. Forces of attraction between molecules in compound Z is 1 4
weak.
(ii) 1. Alcohol X : Methanol // CH3OH 1
2. Carboxylic acid Y: Butanoic acid // C3H7COOH 1
3.Correct formula of reactants and products 1
C3H7COOH + CH3OH  C3H7COOCH3 + H2O 1
4. No of mole of CH3OH 1
5. Ratio of mole 1
6. Mass of Z with unit 1
n CH3OH = //// 0.0625 1
1 mol of CH3OH produced 1 mol of C3H7COOCH3 // 1
0.0625 mol of CH3OH produced 0.0625 mol of 1
C3H7COOCH3
Mass = 0.0625 x [12(5) + 10 + 32] g // 10
0.0625 x 102 //
6.375 g
(b) (i) 1. Ammonia / NH3 solution 1
2. Type A : Unvulcanised rubber // Natural rubber 1
3. Type B : Vulcanised rubber 1 3

(ii) Able to compare four properties of type A & type B rubber

Unvulcanised rubber Unvulcanised rubber //
// Type A Type B
4 Softer Harder 1
5 Cannot withstand high Can withstand high
temperature temperature 1
6 Less easily oxidised Easily oxidised 1
7 Less elastic More elastic 1

Able to explain type B is more suitable to make tyre compare

to type A
8. presence of cross-linkage of sulphur atoms between
rubber molecules in type B rubber
9. prevent rubber molecules slide each other easily 1
10. Type A rubber easily becomes sticky/soft/easily change 1
shape when high heat/pressure 1 7
TOTAL 20

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No.
Skema Markah
Soalan
10. (a) (i) Logam R : Zn/Mg 1

Zn/Mg CuSO4
Jenis Tindak balas Pengoksidaan Penurunan 1+1
Persamaan setengah Zn  Zn2+ + 2e Cu2+ + 2e  Cu 1+1

Nama ion yang hadir dalam larutan tidak berwarna ialah ion kuprum(II) 1

(ii)
Zn/Mg CuSO4
Perubahan nombor 0  +2 +2  0 1+1
pengoksidaan
Fungsi Agen penurunan Agen pengoksidaan 1+1

(b) Logam : Zn / Al 1

Prosedur :
1. Bersihkan jalur Zn/Al dan paku besi dengan kertas pasir 1
2. Lilitkan jalur Zn/Al pada paku besi dan masukkan ke dalam tabung uji. 1
3. Masukkan paku besi sahaja ke dalam tabung uji lain. 1
4. Tuangkan campuran larutan agar-agar panas dengan kalium
heksasianoferat(III) dan penunjuk fenolftalein sehingga paku besi
tenggelam ke dalam kedua-dua tabung uji. 1
5. Biarkan tabung uji selama satu hari. 1

Pemerhatian
Pasangan logam Pemerhatian
Zn/Al dan paku besi Tompok merah jambu terbentuk 1
Paku besi Tompok biru terbentuk 1

Setengah persamaan :
Tabung uji I : Zn  Zn2+ + 2e 1
Tabung uji II : Fe  Fe2+ + 2e 1

Kesimpulan :
Apabila logam yang lebih elektropositif bersentuhan dengan besi, logam
tersebut akan menghalang pengaratan. //
Besi tidak berkarat apabila bersentuhan dengan logam yang lebih elektropositif. 1

JUMLAH 20

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11 (a) Exothermic reaction 1

a: neutralisation

Heat of neutralisation between strong acid and strong alkali is 57.3

kJmol-1 1

Experiment I Experiment II
HCl is strong acid // CH3COOH is weak acid // 1+1
Ionises completely in water Ionises partialy in water 1
Some of heat is used to ionise
the molecules 1 6

(b) (i) 1
n= // 0.05
= 0.05 x 57.3 1
= 2865 J 1 3
(ii)
Temp change = [ Total volume = 100 cm3] 1+1
1 3
o
= 6.82 C

(c) Plastic cup , thermometer , 50 cm3 measuring cylinder, 1

[balance]
Procedure : 1
1. Measure 50 cm3 silver nitrate solution 1
2. Pour into a plastic cup. 1
3. Measure the initial temperature, T1 1
4. Add 5.0 g / a little magnesium powder and stir. 1
5. Measure the highest temperature, T2
To calculate: 1
Temp rise = T2 – T1 = T 1
H= 50 x c x T = P
Heat of displacement = P / mol
n= 1 Max
8
Precaution: Stir
Measure the highest reading

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12 (a) 1. K : Analgesics 1
2. L : Antibiotic 1
3. M : Psychothearapeutic 1
4. Ramli = Paracetamol 1
5. Hamid = Penicillin 1
6. Amins’ daughter = Antidepressen 1 6

(b) (i) 1. Plastic B 1

2. Improper disposal cause blockage of drainage /flash flood 1
3. Burning of plastic release poisonous / toxic / acidic gas 1
4. Reduce, reused and recycle // burn in incinerator 1 4

(ii) 1. Substance P : H2SO4 // sulpuric acid 1

2. Substance Q : NH3 // ammonia 1
3. Fertilizer R = (NH4)2SO4 1
4. Fertilizer S = NH4NO3 1

5. Correct formula of reactants 1

6. Correct formula of products 1 6
H2SO4 + NH3  (NH4)2SO4 //
HNO3 + NH3  NH4NO3
1. Percent of N2 fertilizer R 1
x 100 = 21.2 % 1
2. Percent of N2 fertilizer S
x 100 = 35%
3. Fertilizer S 1
4. Percentage of nitrogen by mass fertilizer S is higher. 1 4

TOTAL 20

END OF MARKING SCHEME

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