7.3 Bearing Strength, Spacing, and Edge-Distance Requirements 385 rioune 79 Lind=Le | ee re u & a st EO p= 3 ok re — parr Ete © ey ito Ly al fl ad © Letean, Spacing and Edge-Distance Requirements ‘To maintain clearances ttwen bolt sand to provide room fer wrench sockets, [G11 2-2] AI8C13.3 requis that eter oer spacing of tener nay decton be Soles than 2 and prterebly oes han 3 whee dis ase het (BSS) Minimum edge ances in any dren), measured om he center of the hoe te 15-7 sivenin AISC Table 3438 fenton of ol size. The spacing and edge dance to (ie! 123] be considered, denoted sand ¢, ae ilstated in Figure 7.9 Gas) — Summary of Bearing Strength, Spacing, and Edge-Distance Requirements (Standard Holes) Bening stengts | -e— Pee erase TR, 12, $2.4diF, De.l-j27] (AISC Equation 33-64) Pgeleouig 7 '. Minimum spacing and edge distance: In any direction, both in the line of foree andaneveneiode Une oferc, 322%d (preferably 3d) ot= 122 (3850) (2a fom atscTables34 Cie! ~'23] (2658) Oy yg Forsingle-and double-angle shapes, the usual age distances given in Table 1-7 in Pat 1 ofthe Marsal (se Section 3,6) may be used in liew ofthese minimums. EXAMPLE 7.1 Figure 710, ef eee be [iei-i2 2G: 3/4 bolts SOLUTION From AISC133, the mitinum spacing any dictions Spacing. Yt=2.67(3)=200i0 S=2.5">2,.0' OK ‘Actual spacing =2.50 in. > 2.00 in. (OK)385a wetin BOLTS AND THREADED PARTS (Sea... / ‘When Group B bolts over I in. (25 mm) in diameter are used in slotted or ove ( ‘oles in external plies, a single hardened washer conforming to ASTM F436, except with ein, (8 mn) minimum thickness, shal be used in lieu ofthe standard washer. ‘User Note: Washer requirements are provide inthe RCSC Specification, Section 6, ‘Long-slotted holes are permitted in only one of the connected parts of either a slip- ‘tical of bearingtype connection at an individual faying surface. Long-slotted holes are permited without regard to direction of loading in slip-eriicl connee- tions, but shall be normal to the diection of load in bearng-Iype connections. ‘Where long-sloted holes are used in an outer ply, plate washers, ofa continuous bat with standard holes, having a size sufficient to completely cover the slot after instal- lation, shal be provided. In high-strength bolted connections, such plate washers oF continuous bars shall be not less than “iin, (8 mm) thick and shall be of sructral grade material, but need not be hardened. If hardened washers ae required for use ‘of high-strength bolts, the hardened washers shall be placed over the outer surface ofthe plate washer or bar. Minimum Spacing 2-r. omp-darsclcon “The distance between centers of standard, oversized or slotted holes shall not be less than 2% times the nominal diameter dof the fastener; stance of dis prefered. ‘User Note: ASTM F1554 anchor rods may be furnished in accordance to prod WJ ‘et specifications with a body diameter less than the nominal diameter. Load cffects such as bending and elongation should be calculated based on minimom diameters permitted by the product specification. See ASTM FI5S4 and the tuble, “Applicable ASTM Specifications for Various Types of Structural Festeners,” in Pat 2 of the AISC Stel Construction Manual. 4 vinings Diane yon decom, Tied ease hol nef ome pana _ Bon or re pl le om ale Ro —fBiMLars ween Sen! 10 ede fee oer aed Srl ange cme at lb esa eed Seen ategesacomea ft pat csc ioensema na User Note: The edge distances in Tables J34 and J3.4M are minimum edge dis- tances based on standard fabrication practices and workmanship tolerances. The appropriate provisions of Sections J3.10 and H4 must be satisfied. 5.__ Maximum Spacing and Badge Distance a "The maximum distance from the center of any bolt to the nearest edge of parts in contact shall be 12 times the thickness of the connected part under consideration,3e5b see 33] [BOLTS AND THREADED PARTS. 161-123 TABLE J3.4 Minimum Edge Distance"! from’ & Center of Standard Hole!! to Edge of Bott Diameter, in. Minimum Edge Distance ‘e om % e m 1 e Te 1 Me Me We 1M 1 Over tM eed "i pcessn age: oe dances are permed povided te appr rovers Yr Seco 1810 ie.t esate, bt edge tances ae er oe bal ama are peri wihe aprea Somihe eget loco Fr orto oot ak, eT. TABLE J3.4M Minimum Edge Distance"! from Center of Standard Hole"! to Edge of Connected Part, mm ‘Bolt Diameter, mm Minimum Edge Distance 2 2% 2 28 Ps 20 a * 20 38 36 “6 over 36 1284 "i noaser, ast eg dsanes ae period proved te appropiate povors Yom Secon 10 Sn a Stated, bt edge dance usa rw bet Saree ae tpi mio ool ‘rom eograe ol eco Sgn Src Selig, Se 2,210 “tence or Sen. Constnacrion Connected Part, in. 5 n. arma, Suisaltion386 Chapter7 Simple Connections (eure v.10 —= bey it — Mule 0 Daist.L= 4st 2K —e K3bstet Van) : iw— [9° Hrodiameterboks 3 je ,(9058)[1e.=123] rm aie Tae 14 mining dtc nny disomic cl edge tence = n.> tin 0%) Bi a Fo computation ofthe bering stength ae a ole diameter of it Ga)! pede vade to Bia Nat Ande Cec bearing on both he tension member an th use pla Fhe eson mee _ber ade es ner oF he member, eine 2 29.36 hips < 52.20 hips 2. Use Ry=29.36kips/bolt. 6 For the oter holes, re tenanha25-B=1.688in. oRoan, Logth . Ry =12tah, BGR Same foriithelo Re 630( 2) =p cheer pg bain gth CT (the upper limit is independent off, and is the same fr all bolts): 2AdtF, = 52.20 kips <58.74 kips _:. Use Ry = 52.20 kigs/bolt fi {ncn ta a Hipster = aaaSOLUTION ASD, SOLUTIO 13 Bearing Swenat, Spacing, nd Edge Distance Requirements 387 azar, cwahloke Je TCR, ete ns Sa ies °° R,=2028.36) + 2152.50) o 2 ate Ry = 1.26 th, S2.4dtR, ic ° 12taty=1200843)( 2) 58) 22.0 kin be vinsim240n,<24(3)(2)o0 =39,15kips> 22.02 kips +. Use R, = 22.02 kips/bolt For the other hoes, 16 Ry = 12th S24dih, sarat,=12a0( 2) =stp Upper limit = 2.4diF, =39.15 kips <44.06kips Use R,=39.15 kips/bolt. The ering ste or he a pate R, = 2(22.02) + 239.15) = 123 ips Te gse plate onto. The minal being seg forthe conection there R= t23kips Nomiant | ‘The design strength is @R, ‘he required strengths 0.75(122.3)= 91.7 kips. R= 12D + 16L= 12115) + L648) = 900 kips < 91.7 kips (OK) kips <61.2 hips (OK) and edge distance mop: ee ¢ sion member and the gusset plate, In addition the same material is used. Only the Seance jim noms seen BotT daor 7.4 SHEAR STRENGTH 40¢°~ v ge White bearing stengti% independent of te typeof fstene, sear strengths not. In oA Secton 72, we saw thatthe shea load ona oles 2 o Ne Gare a cros+-sctional area. When the sues isa ts limit the sbear load is the mia strength, given by Obra aot Ru 2'bRe = bE Ab + ‘nominal shear strength (expressed asa stress) cross-sectional area of the unthreaded part of the bolt (also known as the —tiominal bole area or nominal body area) Cian ____ Highesrength bolts are availabe in two groups, defined by the strength of the Thine hs ~ bolls in those groups. = = ASOT Group A: ASTM (325,)F1852, A352, A354 Grade BC, and a44o//Z! ase Group B: ASTM(&@VO)F2280, and A3S4 Grade BD, Last 0225 tion Gp 4 ad M0 (hom Gp Be he tno igh =~ stenath ols and are covered inthe Specicaion for Sractral Joins Using High Sinengch Bol (RCSC, 2008), which isthe basis forthe. AIS: provisions for high-stength bots. A490 bots have a higher timate tensile strength than A325 bolts and are asigned a higher nominal strength, They were intoduced long after A325 bolts had been in general use, primary fr use with high-steng tel (Bethlehem Sie, 1969). The ater bolts listed in Groups A and B have the same ‘strengths, but have special distinguishing characteristics. For example, P1852 and 228) bolts have special twist-off end that simplify instalation when a special bali rretesions required. (We cover this ater in his chapter.) Tn his book, we wil use the designations Group A and Group B, For example. insted of refermna wan ASTME ‘AB2Sbok, we willeallita Group A bot. The ural selection process isto determine the number of Group A Bots neded in 8 connection, an if too many are requied, use Group B bolts. z2s— ‘aXcludad GRovP— Nae For eine connectons wha tra pata fsa ay 38 (965 rm) Fy shal bo fatieed 8h of te nbdnind vues. Fstora ptr gh eo masmur dpe paral he Ihe fora Green he conte te toe orctng wo paso ng sac "or ASOT bots aba va shal bo rede by Po ac (2 over Samet leat ne Treads peed in soar pars. 2, Size and Use of Holes “Thema sins of oles for ota gin in TBE J33 oF Table 33M, excep provided in accagnce with the provisions ofthis specification unless ovenszed oles, shortslted hoes paral! tothe lado ongsoaed holes are approved Speen Src! Se iin ae 22010 ‘Shur inert or re CStermucon390 Chapter? Simple Connections ¢ state other than bolt shear will control the joint design.) For LRFD, the resistance fac t tor is 0.75, andthe design stength is nares, (672-1) [Iel-125] ; Te Re _ Foy ~ sine | L“a* [E? EXAMPLE 7.2 Simple Camnects Ee Determine the strength of the connection shown in Figure 7.1, based on bearing and shear, for the following bolts 32 5K = AW07 Ly Monts 25K B. Group A, heads inthe plane of shee ; 2 Gop Altweisnetis te pmcafaea BE pare reurers fave SP Yo x2 —> Pee eee A36 steel tec aasane = : ' ee eee i i SOLUTION — The connection can be classified as a simple connection, Si ‘Because the bearing strength wil be the same for parts a,b, ad eit will be calculated first. Since the edge distances ae the same for both the tension member and the gus- set plate, the bearing strength of the gusset plate will contol because itis thinner than the tension member. For bearing strength computation, use a hole diameter of REARING pea iss*ie"16™ ond Forte le ees he et te, 156 = 1.094 in, ophaE R= o(2)o0- ani Sony tel avCheck : plete hohon peepee (2) 2) Cosh ple entre nga 1Skips >28.55kips +. Use Ry = spacenae msde For the other hole, ok tntenign Bee n=3-B =2,188n 16 pa 1L2eur, =120.189(2)59 = a SiXinon “ite a thd te [polit Ararsing # Ear = Sat 571 bie org Broth at: [Note thatthe upper limit is independent of ¢, and isthe same forall bolt. Bout EAR The bearing and shear strengths of a bolted connection cannet be considered meen ‘The individval strength af « given bolt location isthe minimum of | “eiei2.27] eaimgan ew eg bie Thi xen al Sens znd 15.10in the User Notes, The is forte discussion in Ol Weigee] the Specification. fer soz] ele ae) a, The bots in this connection are subject to single shear, and the nominal strength : 2Adth, Gnejtey Se Tomatoes ant 20/9" oasis , - Lg. LualGsre) or A307 bolls, the nominal sear suength is Fy = ; R,=27(0.4418) = 11.93 kips nN a zeae aie ‘This value is smaller than the bearing strength at each hole, so the total nominal strength for the connection is k= 1193+1193=25.86 kis COE. BE) ' ANSWER _ ForLRFD, the design strengths 9R, = 0.75(23.86)= 17. 9kips R, _ 23.96 For ASD, the allowablpsrengthis T= 5 yy = 740 kins \Flog, Rav? For Grup A ols wih rane ln of ea (yp 1, he amin C fr Bours Ssewsuengthisha=S4siad (16! -/20 ](389%) eo Ni RenFaAy= 540418) = 2386p Fok 1307 Bursne fe eee copa OTT Geese nL. 2 i (©) For connections made using bolts that pass completely though an unstifened box member ar HSS, se Section J7 and Equation J7-1; where -F,=specified minimum tensile sirengih of the connected material, ksi (MP2) yninal bolt diameter, in. (mm) lear distance, in the direction ofthe force, between the edge ofthe hole and the edge ofthe adjacent hole or edge ofthe material, in. (mm) ickness of connected material, in. (mm) For connections, the bearing resistance shal be taken a the sum ofthe Bering wesst- ances of the individual bot. ‘Bearing suength sal! be checked fo both bearing-ype and slip-cnica connections. ‘The use of oversized holes and short- and long-sloted hoes parallel tothe Ine of force is restricted to slip-ctical connections per Section J3.2. ‘User Note: The effective strength ofan individual fasteners the lesser of thefas- tener shea strength per Section 13.6 or the bearing strength atthe bolt hole per Section J3.10. he strength ofthe bolt goes the sum of the effective strengths ‘ofthe individual fasteners, hs : somiatraines — Clg publoak or plaicrwaling ‘The nominal strength of special fasteners other than the bolts presented in Tale J3.2 shall be verified by tests. ‘Tension Fasteners ‘When bolts or other fasteners in tension are attached to an unstiffened box o: HSS wal, the strength of the wall shall be determined by ational analysis, AFFECTED ELEMENTS OF MEMBERS AND CONNECTING ELEMENTS ‘This section applies o elements of members at connections and connecting elerients, such as plates, gussets, angles and brackets. Strength of Elements in Tension ‘The design strength, Ry, and the allowable strengih, Ry/C, of affected and con- necting elements loaded in tension shall be the lower value obtained accordingto the limit states of tensile yielding and tensile rupture. (@) For tensile yielding of connecting elements Raa Pedy aa) 9=090(LRFD) 2=1.67(ASD) (©) For tensile rupture of connecting elements Rea Fuke 4.2) ‘esti Srcil Sv oie 2, 2010 “anus nero Sr ConsTrion392 Chapter? Simple Connections ahson ti Sets owabung, Ia toca ag tee la a ads lpn sco tenes ey Renssensseaiiin (alec +2hear) ANSWER _FerLRED, he desi tenet = 0756772) -358 i ty, teste slanis B= Faso, 7 A3Z9-K For Group A bolts wi the threads notin the plane of hear (ype %) the wm BOLTS = nalshearsuengthis y= @Blsi.and (74,120 | aS Belt alrecn ingle Fohs 6804418) =3008 Lips pa [Atthe hole nearest the edge, the bearing strength of 2855 kis isles than the shearing strength of 30.04 kips. At the other hole, fearing stengh is ‘smaller. The total strength is therefore 0.042345 Ryn285s03004=5859 ip (Loseningling tbtibnn) 34! ANSWER ForLRFD, the design strength is 9R, = 0.75(58.59) = 43.9 kips ~ Al spacing and ege-itance requirements ae satisfied. The minimum ee dis- Vie|~ 125] tance equed by AISC Table J3 1 inch, and this requtemeat is sated in both te Tongtuinal and tranavers drstion. The bolt spacing #63 ines, [it-1222] teh eremer tan 25426670) =n ‘Note that some other limit state that has not been checked, such astension on the ‘et area ofthe member, may gover the streagth ofthe connection of Example 7.2. EXAMPLE 7.3 A plate % x 6 is used as a tension member to resist a service dead load of 12 kips and a service live load of 33 kis. This member will be connected to a ¥e-inch gus- set plate with %-inch-diameter Group A bolts. A36 stee is used for both the ten- sion member andthe gusset plate Assume tat the bearing strength is adequate, and P pict = =n C Shes cnmeh =39415" = \ res 28.53) Shear Dott « 30,04" Re enin Rin = 3004 SCenatect) sR = 3004" Ra 20.55 (onebtect) Rm Rw So ORn= os (26/584 3004) = 43.4%