Analysis of Pupil

Performance

Research Development and Consultancy Division

Council for the Indian School Certificate Examinations

New Delhi
Year 2017
__________________________________________________________________________________

Published by:
Research Development and Consultancy Division (RDCD)
Council for the Indian School Certificate Examinations
Plot No. 35-36, Sector VI
Pushp Vihar, Saket
New Delhi-110017

Tel: (011) 29564831/33/37

E-mail: council@cisce.org

© Copyright, Council for the Indian School Certificate Examinations

All rights reserved. The copyright to this publication and any part thereof solely vests in the Council for
the Indian School Certificate Examinations. This publication and no part thereof may be reproduced,
transmitted, distributed or stored in any manner whatsoever, without the prior written approval of the
Council for the Indian School Certificate Examinations.
 FOREWORD

This document of the Analysis of Pupils’ Performance at the ISC Year 12 and ICSE Year 10
Examination is one of its kind. It has grown and evolved over the years to provide feedback to
schools in terms of the strengths and weaknesses of the candidates in handling the examinations.

We commend the work of Mrs. Shilpi Gupta (Deputy Head) and the Research Development and
Consultancy Division (RDCD) of the Council who have painstakingly prepared this analysis. We
are grateful to the examiners who have contributed through their comments on the performance of
the candidates under examination as well as for their suggestions to teachers and students for the
effective transaction of the syllabus.

We hope the schools will find this document useful. We invite comments from schools on its
utility and quality.

Gerry Arathoon
November 2017 Chief Executive & Secretary

i
 PREFACE

The Council has been involved in the preparation of the ICSE and ISC Analysis of Pupil Performance
documents since the year 1994. Over these years, these documents have facilitated the teaching-learning
process by providing subject/ paper wise feedback to teachers regarding performance of students at the ICSE
and ISC Examinations. With the aim of ensuring wider accessibility to all stakeholders, from the year 2014,
the ICSE and the ISC documents have been made available on the Council’s website www.cisce.org.

The document includes a detailed qualitative analysis of the performance of students in different subjects
which comprises of examiners’ comments on common errors made by candidates, topics found difficult or
confusing, marking scheme for each answer and suggestions for teachers/ candidates.

In addition to a detailed qualitative analysis, the Analysis of Pupil Performance documents for the Examination
Year 2017 have a new component of a detailed quantitative analysis. For each subject dealt with in the
document, both at the ICSE and the ISC levels, a detailed statistical analysis has been done, which has been
presented in a simple user-friendly manner.

It is hoped that this document will not only enable teachers to understand how their students have performed
with respect to other students who appeared for the ICSE/ISC Year 2017 Examinations, how they have
performed within the Region or State, their performance as compared to other Regions or States, etc., it will
also help develop a better understanding of the assessment/ evaluation process. This will help them in guiding
their students more effectively and comprehensively so that students prepare for the ICSE/ ISC Examinations,
with a better understanding of what is required from them.

The Analysis of Pupil Performance document for ICSE for the Examination Year 2017 covers the following
subjects: English (English Language, Literature in English), Hindi, History, Civics and Geography (History
& Civics, Geography), Mathematics, Science (Physics, Chemistry, Biology), Commercial Studies,
Economics, Computer Applications, Economics Applications, Commercial Applications.
Subjects covered in the ISC Analysis of Pupil Performance document for the Year 2017 include English
(English Language and Literature in English), Hindi, Elective English, Physics (Theory and Practical),
Chemistry (Theory and Practical), Biology (Theory and Practical), Mathematics, Computer Science, History,
Political Science, Geography, Sociology, Psychology, Economics, Commerce, Accounts and Business
Studies.

I would like to acknowledge the contribution of all the ICSE and the ISC examiners who have been an integral
part of this exercise, whose valuable inputs have helped put this document together.

I would also like to thank the RDCD team of Dr. Manika Sharma, Dr. M.K. Gandhi, Ms. Mansi Guleria and
Mrs. Roshni George, who have done a commendable job in preparing this document. The statistical data
pertaining to the ICSE and the ISC Year 2017 Examinations has been provided by the IT section of the Council
for which I would like to thank Col. R. Sreejeth (Deputy Secretary - IT), Mr. M.R. Felix, Education
Officer (IT) – ICSE and Mr. Samir Kumar, Education Officer (IT) - ISC.

Shilpi Gupta
November 2017 Deputy Head - RDCD
ii
 CONTENTS

Page No.

FOREWORD i

PREFACE ii

INTRODUCTION 1

QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS 3

QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS 10
This document aims to provide a comprehensive picture of the performance of candidates in the
subject. It comprises of two sections, which provide Quantitative and Qualitative analysis results in
terms of performance of candidates in the subject for the ISC Year 2017 Examination. The details of
the Quantitative and the Qualitative analysis are given below.

Quantitative Analysis
This section provides a detailed statistical analysis of the following:

Overall Performance of candidates in the subject (Statistics at a Glance)

State wise Performance of Candidates
Gender wise comparison of Overall Performance
Region wise comparison of Performance
Comparison of Region wise performance on the basis of Gender
Comparison of performance in different Mark Ranges and comparison on the basis of Gender for
the top and bottom ranges
Comparison of performance in different Grade categories and comparison on the basis of Gender
for the top and bottom grades

The data has been presented in the form of means, frequencies and bar graphs.

Understanding the tables

Each of the comparison tables shows N (Number of candidates), Mean Marks obtained, Standard
Errors and t-values with the level of significance. For t-test, mean values compared with their
standard errors indicate whether an observed difference is likely to be a true difference or whether it
has occurred by chance. The t-test has been applied using a confidence level of 95%, which means
that if a difference is marked as ‘statistically significant’ (with * mark, refer to t-value column of the
table), the probability of the difference occurring by chance is less than 5%. In other words, we are
95% confident that the difference between the two values is true.

t-test has been used to observe significant differences in the performance of boys and girls, gender
wise differences within regions (North, East, South and West), gender wise differences within marks
ranges (Top and bottom ranges) and gender wise differences within grades awarded (Grade 1 and
Grade 9) at the ISC Year 2017 Examination.

The analysed data has been depicted in a simple and user-friendly manner.

1
Given below is an example showing the comparison tables used in this section and the manner in
which they should be interpreted.

Comparison on the basis of Gender The table shows comparison

between the performances of boys
Gender N Mean SE t-value and girls in a particular subject.
Girls 2,538 66.1 0.29
11.91* The t-value of 11.91 is significant at
Boys 1,051 60.1 0.42
*Significant at 0.05 level 0.05 level (mentioned below the
table) with a mean of girls as 66.1
and that of boys as 60.1. It means
that there is significant difference
between the performance of boys
and girls in the subject. The
probability of this difference
occurring by chance is less than 5%.
The mean value of girls is higher
than that of boys. It can be
The results have also been depicted interpreted that girls are performing
pictographically. In this case, the girls significantly better than boys.
performed significantly better than the
boys. This is depicted by the girl with a
medal.

Qualitative Analysis
The purpose of the qualitative analysis is to provide insights into how candidates have performed in
individual questions set in the question paper. This section is based on inputs provided by examiners
from examination centres across the country. It comprises of question wise feedback on the
performance of candidates in the form of Comments of Examiners on the common errors made by
candidates along with Suggestions for Teachers to rectify/ reduce these errors. The Marking Scheme
for each question has also been provided to help teachers understand the criteria used for marking.
Topics in the question paper that were generally found to be difficult or confusing by candidates,
have also been listed down, along with general suggestions for candidates on how to prepare for the
examination/ perform better in the examination.

2
QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS

STATISTICS AT A GLANCE

Total Number of
Candidates: 24,546

Mean Marks: Highest Marks: 99

79.2 Lowest Marks: 01

3
 PERFORMANCE (STATE-WISE)
West Bengal 78.1
Uttarakhand 77.7
Uttar Pradesh 78.7
Tripura 58.0
Tamil Nadu 78.7
Telangana 80.2
Sikkim 74.2
Rajasthan 85.3
Punjab 82.2
Odisha 62.6
Madhya Pradesh 84.2
Maharashtra 81.8
Kerala 72.1
Karnataka 77.6
Jharkhand 81.7
Himachal Pradesh 73.0
Haryana 85.6
Gujarat 72.9
Delhi 73.4
Chattisgarh 78.6
Bihar 86.4
Andhra Pradesh 75.1

The States of Bihar, Haryana and Rajasthan secured highest

mean marks.

4
 GENDER-WISE COMPARISON

GIRLS BOYS

Mean Marks: 82.6 Mean Marks: 75.6

Number of Number of
Candidates: 12,511 Candidates: 12,035

Comparison on the basis of Gender

Gender N Mean SE t-value
Girls 12,511 82.6 0.10
41.74*
Boys 12,035 75.6 0.13
*Significant at 0.05 level

Girls performed
significantly better than
boys.

5
REGION-WISE COMPARISON

East North

Mean Marks: 78.8 Mean Marks: 79.6

Number of Number of
Candidates: 11,676 Candidates: 12,491

Highest Marks: 99 Highest Marks: 99

Lowest Marks: 05 Lowest Marks: 1

REGION

Mean Marks: 76.2 Mean Marks: 74.9

Number of Number of
Candidates: 77 Candidates: 302

Highest Marks: 94 Highest Marks: 99

Lowest Marks: 42 Lowest Marks: 15

South West

6
 Mean Marks obtained by Boys and Girls-Region wise
83.1
82.3

78.0
76.1 76.3 76.0
75.1

72.5

North East South West

Comparison on the basis of Gender within Region

Region Gender N Mean SE t-value
Girls 6,341 83.1 0.14
North (N) 29.36*
Boys 6,150 76.1 0.19
Girls 5,986 82.3 0.15
East (E) 29.00*
Boys 5,690 75.1 0.20
Girls 54 76.3 1.74
South (S) 0.09
Boys 23 76.0 2.24
Girls 130 78.0 1.43
West (W) 2.98*
Boys 172 72.5 1.15
*Significant at 0.05 level

The performance of girls was

REGION (N, E, W)
significantly better than that of
boys in the northern, eastern
and western region. In southern
region no significant difference
was observed.

7
 MARK RANGES :
COMPARISON GENDER-WISE

Comparison on the basis of gender in top and bottom mark ranges

Marks Range Gender N Mean SE t-value
Girls 8,298 89.1 0.05
Top Range (81-100) Boys 5,408 87.8 0.06
16.77*
Girls 8 17.0 1.46
Bottom Range (0-20) Boys 38 15.6 0.70
0.90
*Significant at 0.05 level

Boys Girls All Candidates

Marks Range (81-100)
87.8
81 - 100 89.1
88.6

72.1
61 - 80 73.3
Marks Range (81-100) 72.6

52.7
41 - 60 53.2
52.9

37.8
21 - 40 37.2
Marks Range (0 -20) 37.7

15.6
0 - 20 17.0
15.8

8
 GRADES AWARDED :
COMPARISON GENDER-WISE

Comparison on the basis of gender in Grade 1 and Grade 9

Grades Gender N Mean SE t-value

Girls 4,677 92.6 1.35
Grade 1 Boys 2,375 92.2 1.89
0.18
Girls 24 23.5 4.77
Grade 9 Boys 97 22.9 2.41
0.12

Boys Girls All Candidates

92.2
1 92.6
In Grade 1 and Grade 9 no 92.5

significant difference was 2

83.6
83.9
observed between the average 83.8
73.9
performance of girls and boys. 3 74.2
74.1
64.1
4 64.5
64.2
56.7
5 56.7
56.7
51.8
6 51.8
51.8
46.6
7 46.8
46.7
41.0
8 41.3
41.0
22.9
9 23.5
23.0
9
 SECTION A
LANGUAGE - 50 Marks

Question 1
Write a composition in approximately 400 words in Hindi on any ONE of the topics given below:
[20]
fdlh fo"k; ij fucU/k fy[ksa tks ’kCnkas ls de u gks :—
(i) Ldwy ds iz/kkuk/;kid dk in cgqr gh vknj.kh; rFkk ftEesnkjh iw.kZ gSA ;fn og in vkidks
izkIr gks tk,] rks vki ml in dh ftEesnkfj;ksa dks fdl izdkj iwjk djasxs \ foLrkj ls fy[ksaA
(ii) lekt esa QSyh cqjkb;ksa dks nwj djus ds fy, dMs+ dkuwu dh ugha] cfYd uSfrd ewY;ksa dks c<+kok
nsus dh vko’;drk gS — fo"k; ds i{k ;k foi{k esa vius fopkj izLrqr dhft,A
(iii) i;ZVu ,d cM+k m|ksx cu x;k gS ftlds dkj.k lkaLÑfrd /kjksgjsa u"V gks jgh gSaA buds cpko
ds fy, lq>ko nhft, rkfd ;g m|ksx Qyrk Qwyrk jgsA bl fo"k; ds vUrxZr foLrkj ls fy[ksaA
(iv) vuq’kkflr O;fDr lq[kh vkSj LoLFk thou thrk gSA — foospu dhft,A
(v) euq"; vuqHko ls cgqr dqN lh[krk gSA dHkh&dHkh vuqHko dM+ok Hkh gks tkrk gSA D;k vkidks
dHkh dksbZ dM+ok vuqHko gqvk gS \ ml vuqHko dk o.kZu djrs gq, fy[ksa] vkius mlls D;k lh[kk\
mldk foLr`r o.kZu djsaA
(vi) fuEufyf[kr esa ls fdlh ,d ij ekSfyd dgkuh fyf[k, %
(a) eu ds gkjs gkj gS eu ds thrs thrA
(b) ,d ,slh ekS fyd dgkuh fyf[k, ftldk vfUre okD; gks %
dk’k ! eSaus ek¡ dh ckr ekuh gksrhA

10
 (i) bl iz”u esa ijh{kkfFkZ;ksa us iz/kkuk/;kid dh dsoy vke ftEesnkfj;ksa
dk o.kZu fd;k A mudh egRoiw.kZ ftEesnkfj;ksa dk mYys[k ugha
fd;kA dqN ijh{kkfFkZ;ksa us fucU/k dh Hkk’kk dks /;ku esa ugha j[kk
fd ;fn os iz/kkuk/;kid dk in izkIr djrs gSa] rks os D;k djsaxs \
cfYd os ;s le>k cSBs fd os iz/kkuk/;kid gSaA blls fucU/k esa
dky lEcU/kh nks’k vk x;k A dgha&dgha fucU/k dk vuko”;d
foLrkj Hkh fn[kkbZ fn;k rFkk oÙkZuh lEcU/kh v”kqf+);ka Hkh Fkha A
(ii) bl fo’k; ij ijh{kkfFkZ;ksa us i{k ;k foi{k ij vius fopkj izLrqr
djus dh ctk; nksuksa i{kksa ij vius fopkj ns Mkys A uSfrd ewY;ksa
dh O;k[;k djus esa ijh{kkFkhZ vlQy jgsA fo’k; Li’Vhdj.k esa
rkfdZdrk dk Hkh vHkko ik;k x;k A dqN ijh{kkfFkZ;ksa us lkekftd
cqjkb;ksa dk vuko”;d foLrkj fd;k A
(iii)^i;ZVu* okys fo’k; ij de ijh{kkfFkZ;ksa us fy[kkA fo’k; dks
le>us esa ijh{kkFkhZ vlQy jgsA os ;s Li’V ughs dj ik, fd D;k
mik; fd, tk,a fd ftlls i;ZVu m|ksx Hkh pyrk jgs vkSj
lkaLd`frd /kjksgjsa Hkh cph jgsaA i;ZVu dSls cM+k m|ksx cu x;k
vkSj lkaLd`frd /kjksgjsa dSls u’V gks jgh gSa] bl ij Hkh ijh{kkFkhZ
vius fopkj Li’V ughsa dj ik,A Hkk’kk lEcU/kh =qfV;ka Hkh ikbZ xbZa
A i;ZVu foHkkx ds fofHkUu foKkiuksa }kjk Hkh
(iv)vusd ijh{kkfFkZ;ksa us bl fo’k; ij fucU/k fy[kk A dbZ ijh{kkFkhZ
;g crkus esa lQy jgs fd ,d vuq”kkflr O;fDr dSls lq[kh ,oa
LoLFk thou thrk gSA mUgksaus fofHkUu mnkgj.kksa ,oa lwfDr;ksa ls
vius er dks iq’V Hkh fd;k ijUrq dqN ijh{kkFkhZ fofHkUu mnkgj.kksa
}kjk viuh ckr Li’V djus esa vlQy jgsA muds fopkjksa esa
v/;;u dk vHkko fn[kkbZ fn;k A
(v) bl fo’k; ij Hkh dbZ ijh{kkfFkZ;ksa us fucU/k fy[kk vkSj fo’k; dks
vPNh rjg ls le>k vkSj vius Hkkoksa dk Hkh izn”kZu fd;kA dqN
ijh{kkFkhZ vius dM+os vuqHko dk o.kZu gh djrs x,] ml vuqHko
ls mUgksaus D;k lh[kk] bl ij vius fopkj ugha O;Dr dj ik, A
dqN ijh{kkfFkZ;ksa us vius vuqHko rks fy[ks ij dM+os vuqHko dk
ftØ ugha dj ik,A
(vi)(a) ftu ijh{kkfFkZ;ksa us bl fo’k; ij dgkuh fy[kh] mlesa ekSfydrk
dk vHkko ik;k x;kA dqN ijh{kkfFkZ;ksa us bls fucU/k dh rjg
fy[kk] dqN us flQZ ik=ksa ds uke cny dj fQYeh dgkuh
fy[k MkyhA
(b) nwljh dgkuh vf/kdka”k ijh{kkfFkZ;ksa us vkRedFkkRed “kSyh esa
fy[khA dgkuh ds lkFk os U;k; Hkh dj ik, ij dqN ijh{kkFkhZ
dgkuh ds vfUre okD; ds lkFk dgkuh lekIr ugha dj ik,A
11
ijh{kkfFkZ;ksa dks crk,a fd lcls igys fo’k; dks
/;kuiwoZd i<+dj mlds eq[; fcUnqvksa dks
js[kkafdr djsa rkfd os fo’k;kuqdwy vius fopkj
izLrqr dj ldsaA d{kk esa fo’k; ls lEcfU/kr
ekSf[kd ppkZ djsa] fo’k; ds fofHkUu igyqvksa ls
voxr djk,a rr~i”pkr fyf[kr vH;kl djok,a
ftlls oÙkZuh rFkk ek=kvksa lEcU/kh v”kqf);ka u
gksa A
d{kk esa rdZ iz/kku fo’k;ksa dks le>k;k tk, rFkk
v/;kid ijh{kkfFkZ;ksa dks okn&fookn izfr;ksfxrk
}kjk fo’k; ds i{k ,oa foi{k ds igyqvksa ij
Li’V :i ls tkudkjh nsaA lkFk gh ;g Hkh crk,a
fd os ftl i{k ij lgefr j[krs gks] dsoy
mlh fo’k; ij fy[ksa A Hkzked fopkjkfHkO;fDr u
djsa A mfpr rdZ ,oa mnkgj.kksa ls vius fopkj
izLrqr djsa A
ijh{kkfFkZ;ksa dks ^i;ZVu* ij ys tk,a rkfd os
fucU/k esa izR;{k vuqHko o Kku dk o.kZu dj
ldssa A lkFk esa ^i;ZVu ds ykHk* rFkk ^lkaLd`frd
/kjksgjksa* ij Hkh d{kk esa ppkZ djsa rkfd ijh{kkFkhZ
viuh lkaLd`frd fojklr ds izfr tkx:d gksaA
ijh{kkfFkZ;ksa ls ppkZ dj fo’k; dks vkSj vPNh
rjg Li’V dj ldrs gSa A
vH;kl ds }kjk bl rjg ds nks’kksa dk fuokj.k
djus esa ijh{kkfFkZ;ksa dh lgk;rk djsa A fo’k;oLrq
dks fo”ks’k mnkgj.kksa }kjk le>k,aA vuq”kklu ds
lS)kfUrd rFkk O;kogkfjd iz;ksx dh ppkZ dj]
fo’k; ds fofHkUu igyqvksa ij Li’V :i ls
ekxZn”kZu dj ijh{kkfFkZ;ksa dh ,d vPNs fucU/k
ys[ku esa lgk;rk djsaA
d{kk esa bl rjg ds fo’k;ksa ij ppkZ djrs gq,
de ls de rhu ;k pkj mnkgj.kksa }kjk viuh
ckr dks Li’V djus ds fy, izsfjr djsa A fucU/k
esa eqgkojsnkj Hkk’kk rFkk lwfDr;ksa dk iz;ksx djuk
fl[kk,a A ijh{kkfFkZ;ksa dks bl ckr dh Li’V
tkudkjh nsa fd fo’k; dk dksbZ Hkh i{k@fcUnq
vuns[kk u jg tk,A
ijh{kkfFkZ;ksa dks ekSfyd dgkuh ,oa vuqfnr ;k
ifBr dgkuh esa varj crk,aA mUgsa le>k,a fd
nh xbZ mfDr yksdksfDr ;k lwfDr dks dgkuh esa
Li’V djuk vfuok;Z gS A
;fn dgkuh fdlh fo”ks’k okD; ls “kq: ;k vUr
gksrh gks] rks mls funsZ”kkuqlkj “kq: ;k vUr esa
fy[kuk vfuok;Z gS A fo”ks’k :i ls d{kk esa
ekSfyd dgkuh dk ekSf[kd ,oa fyf[kr vH;kl
djok,aA
 MARKING SCHEME
Question 1
(i) izLrkouk -
fo"k; foLrkj %& vkidks in dh izkfIr
in dh D;k ftEesnkfj;ka
mUgsa vki dSls iwjk djsaxAs
milagkj
(ii) izLrkouk & lekftd cqj kb;ka D;k gSa ______ dkSu&dkSu lh gSaA
fo"k; foLrkj & dkuwu D;k gS] mldk ikyu D;ksa vkSj fdl izdkj t:jhA uSfrd ewY; D;k gS mudk
thou esa gksuk D;ksa t#jhA buls cqjkbZ dSls lekIr gksxhA
(ijh{kkFkhZ dsoy ,d rjQ viuk er izdV djsaA
(iii) izLrkouk&i;ZVu dk vFkZ] egRo] O;kikfjd Hkko
fo"k; foLrkj %& m|ksx ds :i esa] i;ZVdksa dk fo'ks"k /;ku j[kuk] mudks ?kqekuk] fonsf'k;ksa dk
euksjt
a u] [kwc /ku dekuk] u,&u, /ka/kksa dk fodkl ns'k dh vkfFkZd méfrA
fofHké /kjksgjksa ds uke ftuds vukoj.k ls mUgsa {kfr igqaph muds cpko ds lq>koA
milagkj
(iv) izLrkouk %& vuq'kklu D;k
fo"k; foLrkj %& O;fDr dSls lq[kh o LoLFk thou thrk gS
milagkj
(v) izLrkouk & vuqHko dk vFkZ&ftlesa lgh vkSj xyr dh igpku dk varj crk;k x;k gksA
vuqHko dk o.kZu&fdlh okLrfod ?kVuk ;k fdlh izlax ds :i esa D;k lh[kkA
milagkj
(vi) (a) izLrkouk&mfDr dk vFkZ Li"V djrs gq, eu 'kfDr'kkyh o cyoku] cqf)&ekuo dks bZ'oj us nh
gS] dYiuk'kfDr }kjk izdf` r ij fot; izkIr djukA
fo"k;&ekuo eu vk'kk&fujk'kk ds >wys esa] ok;q dh xfr ls rst] papy eu dh n`<r+ k ds lkeus
dksbZ ugha fVdrk] eu dks fu;a=.k esa j[kuk vfuok;Z gSA Hkkjr esa vusd egkiq#"kksa us eu }kjk
fot; izkIr dh] eu dh lquuk loksZifj gSA
(b) dgkuh esa ekSfydrk vko';d] izkjaHk jkspd gksuk pkfg,A dgkuh fdlh Hkh vuqHko ;k ?kVuk ij
vk/kkfjr gks ldrh gSA Hkk"kk ik=kuqdyw gksuh pkfg, ,oa ns'k dky dk /;ku j[kuk pkfg,A
dgkuh dk var bl izdkj gks fd mlls feyus okyh f'k{kk Lo;a Li"V gks tk,A

12
Question 2
Read the following passage given below carefully and answer in Hindi the questions that follow,
using your own words :—

fuEufyf[kr vorj.k dks i<+dj] vUr esa fn, x, iz’uksa ds mÙkj vius ’kCnksa esa fyf[k, :—
Kku&izkfIr ds vuUrj egkRek cq) us viuk mins’k lkjukFk esa fn;kA mlesa mUgksaus dgk — ^^thou ds nks ekxZ
gSaA ,d ekxZ ij pydj yksx lq[k&lk/kuksa dks tqVkrs gSa vkSj Hkksxksa ls fyiVs jgrs gSaA ;g thou dks lq[kh ugha
cukrkA nwljk ekxZ R;kx dk gS] riL;k dk gSA bl ij pydj yksx ’kjhj dks dBksj ;kruk,a nsdj Hkh vius&vkidks
lq[kh ugha cuk ikrsA vr% Kku&izkfIr ds fy,] ekufld lq[k&’kkafr ds fy, chp dk ekxZ gh Js;Ldj gSA cq) dk
;gh fl)kar e/;e&ekxZ ds uke ls izfl) gSA dgrs gSa fd egkRek cq) tgk¡ cksfno`{k ds uhps /;ku&eXu cSBs Fks] ml
ekxZ ls ,d Hktu&e.Myh tk jgh FkhA xhr dh Loj&ygjh okrkoj.k dks xqaftr dj jgh FkhA lglk lekf/kLr cq)
ds dkuksa esa xkf;dk ds xhr ds e/kqj Loj xwat mBs — ^oh.kk ds rkjksa dks <hyk u NksM+ks] ugha rks mlls e/kq j
Loj ugha fudysxk vkSj u gh mUgsa bruk dlks fd os VwV gh tk;saA* bu ’kCnksa ls cq) dks e/;e ekxZ dh izsj.kk
feyhA mUgksaus vuqHko fd;k fd u rks Hkksxksa ls iw.kZr;k r`fIr gks ldrh gS vkSj u gh Hkksxksa dks iw.kZ :i
ls R;kxk tk ldrk gSA vr% thou ds fy, Hkksx vkSj R;kx ds chp dk ekxZ gh Js;Ldj gSA

egkRek cq) dk fparu ljy vkSj LokHkkfod FkkA muds er esa Å¡p&uhp dk HksnHkko u FkkA jktk ls ysdj
jad rd muds fy, leku FksA mUgksaus /keZ ds cká vkMEcjksa dh vis{kk vkUrfjd ’kqf) ij cy fn;kA ;K esa nh
tkus okyh i’kq&cfy dk mUgksaus fojks/k fd;kA tu&lk/kkj.k dh Hkk"kk esa mUgksaus vfgalk vkSj izse dk tks mins’k fn;k
mlus tknw dk dke fd;k vkSj ns[krs gh ns[krs yk[kksa uj&ukjh muds vuq;k;h cu x;sA 4 5 o"kkZsa rd
mUgksaus ?kwe&?kwe dj vius ve`re;h mins’kksa ls tu&dY;k.k fd;kA

egkRek cq) thou ds 80 o"kZ ikj dj pqds FksA ’kjhj fnu&izfrfnu {kh.k gksrk tk jgk FkkA vUr esa mUgksaus
dq’khuxj dh vksj izLFkku fd;kA dq’khuxj igqaprs&igqaprs mudk ’kjhj fu<ky gks x;kA muds fiz; f’k"; fHk{kq
vkuUn us ’kS¸;k rS;kj dhA og ml ij ysV x,A f’kfFkyrk c<+rh tk jgh FkhA fuokZ.k dh ?kfM+;k¡ vk igaqph FkhaA
;g ns[k vkuUn dh vk¡[kksa ls vk¡lw QwV iMs+A cksys — ^^nso ! vc gekjk ekxZ&n’kZu dkSu djsxk \** cq) us vk¡[ksa
[kksyhA cksys — ^^vkuUn ! rqEgkjs lkeus fo’kky deZ&{ks= gSA tjk] jksx vkSj e`R;q ls =Lr ekuork dks vafglk
vkSj izse dk ekxZ fn[kkvksA D;ksa Hkwyrs gks lalkj u’oj gS \ tUe ds ckn e`R;q vkSj e`R;q ds ckn tUe izÑfr dk
vVy fu;e gSA jgh ekxZ&n’kZu dh ckrA dkSu fdldk ekxZ&n’kZu djrk gS \ dkSu fdldk ekxZ&n’kZu dj ldrk
gS \ ^^vIi nhiks Hko — viuk nhid vki cuksA** ;g dgrs gq, rFkkxr lnk ds fy, lekf/kLFk gks x,A
okrkoj.k ’kksd ls Hkj x;kA rFkkxr ds fu"ian ikfFkZo ’kjhj ds pkjksa vksj [kMs+ fHk{kq vk¡lw cgk jgs FksA jg&jg
dj muds dkuksa esa rFkkxr ds ’kCn xwat jgs Fks ^^fHk{kqvksa ! eq> ij fo’okl er djukA eSa tks dgrk gw¡
ml ij Hkh blfy, fo’okl er djuk fd eSaus dgk gSA lkspuk] fopkjuk vkSj vius vuqHko dh dlkSVh ij tks
[kjk mrjs ogh djukA**

(i) e/;e&ekxZ ls vki D;k le>rs gSa \ egkRek cq) dks e/;e&ekxZ dh izsj.kk dSls feyh \ [4]

13
 (ii) egkRek cq) ds er dh D;k&D;k fo’ks"krk,a Fkha fd ns[krs gh ns[krs yk[kksa uj&ukjh muds vuq;k;h [4]
cu x, \
(iii) egkRek cq) us ’kksdkdqy fHk{kq dks D;k mins’k fn;k \ blls gesa D;k f’k{kk feyrh gS \ [4]
(iv) egkRek cq) ds fu"ian ikfFkZo ’kjhj ds pkjksa vksj [kMs+ ’kksdkdqy fHk{kqvksa ds dkuksa esa D;k ’kCn [4]
xwat jgs Fks \ bu ’kCnksa ls D;k izsj.kk feyrh gS \
(v) ^vIi nhiks Hko* dk D;k vFkZ gS \ Kku&izkfIr ds ckn egkRek cq) us viuk mins’k [4]
dgk¡ fn;k vkSj mudk fuokZ.k dgk¡ gqvk \

(i) vifBr ax|ka”k ds iz”uksŸkjksa esa vko”;d fcUnqvksa dk vHkko ik;k

x;kA cgqr ls ijh{kkfFkZ;ksa us xkSre cq) ds ^e/;e ekxZ* dks
vPNh rjg Li’V ugha fd;kA dqN us ;g Li’V ugha fd;k fd
mUgsa e/;e ekxZ dh izsj.kk dSls feyhA mUgksaus flQZ x|ka”k mrkj
dj j[k fn;kA ijh{kkfFkZ;ksa us viuh Hkk’kk dk iz;ksx ugha fd;k
A ek=kvksa rFkk O;kdj.k lEcU/kh nks’k Hkh Fks A
(ii) bl iz”u ds mŸkj esa Hkh vf/kdrj ijh{kkfFkZ;ksa us vuqPNsn dks
gqcgw mrkj dj j[k fn;k A egkRek cq) ds er dh fo”ks’krkvksas
esa pkj fcUnq visf{kr Fks ij dqN ijh{kkfFkZ;ksa us ;k rks nks
fo”ks’krk,a fy[kha ;k rhuA os pkj fo”ks’krk,a ugha fy[k ik,A
(iii) bl iz”u ds nks Hkkx gSaA vf/kdka”k ijh{kkfFkZ;ksa us nksuksa Hkkxksa dk
o.kZu fd;k ij dqN ijh{kkfFkZ;ksa us flQZ muds }kjk fd, x,
mins”k ds ckjs esa fy[kk vkSj mlls feyusokyh f”k{kk dks vuns[kk
dj fn;kA dqN us nksuksa Hkkx vR;Ur la{ksi esa fy[ks] ftlls
fo’k; iwjh rjg Li’V ugha gks ik;k A
(iv) fHk{kqvksa ds dkuksa esa tks “kCn xwat jgs Fks] mudk foLr`r o.kZu
dqN ijh{kkfFkZ;ksa us fd;k ij iz”u ds nwljs Hkkx vFkkZr mu
“kCnksa ls D;k izsj.kk feyh] dk mYys[k ugha fd;kA dqN ijh{kkFkhZ
iz”u ds igys Hkkx esa Hkh lkjh ckrksa dks Li’V ugha dj ik, A
(v) iz”u ds izFke Hkkx esa ^vIi nhiks Hko* dk vFkZ Li’V djus esa
ijh{kkFkhZ lQy jgs ij nwljs Hkkx esa dqN ijh{kkFkhZ;ksa us ^lkjukFk*
rFkk ^dq”khuxj* “kCnksa dk iz;ksx ugha fd;k A
ijh{kkfFkZ;ksa dks le>k,a fd x|ka”k dh Hkk’kk esa
mŸkj u fy[kdj viuh Hkk’kk esa mŸkj fy[ksaA
iz”u ds gj ,d Hkkx ,oa miHkkx lcdk leku
:i ls mŸkj nsaA
ijh{kkfFkZ;ksa dks ;g le>k,a fd os x|ka”k
/;kuiwoZd i<+sa ,oa mŸkj ds gj fcUnq ij ppkZ
djsa A vadksa ds vk/kkj ij iz”u ds lHkh fcUnqvksa
dks mŸkj esa lekfgr djus ds fy, izsfjr djsa]
bl fo’k; ij iwjh ppkZ ekSf[kd ,oa fyf[kr nksuksa
:iksa esa djok,a A
gj vifBr x|ka”k dks i<+okus ds ckn mlls
feyus okyh lh[k] izsj.kk bu lcdk vH;kl d{kk
esa djok,a A ijh{kkfFkZ;ksa dks iz”u ds lHkh Hkkxksa
,oa miHkkxkssa ds mŸkj nsus ds fy, izsfjr djsa A
ijh{kkfFkZ;ksa dks x|ka”k dks le>dj iz”uksas ds
mŸkj fy[kus ds fy, izsfjr djsa A dsoy vorj.k
esa fn, x, okD;ksa dks mrkj nsus Hkj ls mŸkj esa
Li’Vhdj.k dk vHkko jg tkrk gS A ijh{kkfFkZ;ksa
dks viuh Hkk’kk ,oa “kCnksa dk lgh ,oa lVhd
iz;ksx djuk fl[kk,a A
ijh{kkfFkZ;ksa dks le>k,a fd lEcfU/kr izlax dks
/;kuiwoZd i<+saA flQZ vuqPNsn mrkjus ls lHkh
iz”uksa ds mŸkj Li’V ughsa gksrs A
fuokZ.k&dq”khuxj esa rFkk mins”k&lkjukFk esa &
;sa nksuksa fcUnq x|ka”k esa fn, x, gSa ij ,d gh
vuqPNsn esa ugha gSaA vr% mŸkj <wa<us ds fy,
x|ka”k dks le>uk vko”;d gSA

14
 MARKING SCHEME
Question 2
vifBr x|ka'k %&
(i) thou esa izFke ekxZ gS] Hkksx dkA bl ekxZ ij pydj ekuo Lo;a vf/kd ls vf/kd Hkksxksa dk vkuan
ys dj thou lq[k vkSj vkjke ls O;rhr dj ldrk gSA nwljk ekxZ gS & R;kx vkSj vkRe&la;e dkA
bl ekxZ ij pydj ekuo R;kx vkSj riL;k ls iw.kZ dBksj thou O;rhr djrk gSA bu nksuksa ds e/;
dk] vkRe&la;e vkSj fu"Bk ls iw.kZ thou e/;e&ekxZ gSA
bl ekxZ dh izsj.kk egkRek cq) dks cksf/k o`{k ds uhps cSBs gq,] Hktu eaMyh dh laxhr Loj
ygjh ls izkIr gqbZA
(ii) muds er dh fo'ks"krk,a fuEufyf[kr Fkh] ftuds dkj.k yk[kksa uj&ukjh muds vuq;k;h cu x, &

(a) mudk fparu ljy vkSj LokHkkfod FkkA

(b) lekurk dks vf/kd egRo fn;k FkkA

(c) oká vkMacjksa dh vis{kk vkarfjd 'kqf) ij cy fn;kA

(d) tu&Hkk"kk dks viuk;kA

(e) vfgalk vkSj izse ij tksj fn;kA

(iii) xkSre cq) us 'kksdkdqy fHk{kq dks mins'k nsrs gq, dgk fd og tUe vkSj eqR;q ls xzLr ekuork dks
vfgalk vkSj izse dk ekxZ fn[kk,aA tUe vkSj e`R;q vVy fu;e gSaA mls viuk nhid Lo;a cuuk
pkfg,A blls gesa viuk ekxZ Lo;a n'kZu djus dh f'k{kk feyrh gSA blds fy, izkIr Kku ,oa vuqHko
dk egRoiw.kZ LFkku gSA
(iv) ikfFkZo 'kjhj ds pkjksa vksj [kM+s fHk{kqvksa ds dkuksa esa rFkkxr ds 'kCn xwat jgs Fks fd fHk{kqvksa dks mu
ij va/ks ds leku fo”okl u djds vius Kku vkSj vuqHko ds vk/kkj ij fu.kZ; ysus ij fopkj djuk
pkfg,A
buls gesa ;g izsj.kk feyrh gS fd fdlh dk Hkh va/k&HkDr gksus ds LFkku ij vkRefparu
vkRe&Kku vkSj vuqHko ij fo”okl djds gh dne mBkuk pkfg,A
(v)^vIi nhiks Hko* dk vFkZ gS viuk nhid Lo;a cuksA dksbZ fdlh dk ekxZn'kZu ugha djrkA thou deZ{ks=
gSA O;fDr dks viuk deZ djuk pkfg,A egkRek cq) us Kku&izkfIr ds ckn viuk mins'k lkjukFk esa
fn;kA egkRek cq) thou ds 80 o"kZ ikj djus ds ckn dq'khuxj pys x, vkSj ogha ij mudk fuokZ.k
gqvkA
15
Question 3
(a) Correct the following sentences and rewrite :— [5]
fuEufyf[kr okD;ksa dks “kq) djds fyf[k, :—
(i) eSaus vkt tkuk gS A
(ii) iqfyl dks ns[kdj pksj vkB rhu X;kjg gks x,A
(iii) lw;kZLr ds fNirs gh okrkoj.k esa va/ ksjk Nk x;kA
(iv) lkfgR; vkSj lekt dk ?kksj laca/ k gSA
(v) ;g dk;Z rRdky vHkh iw.kZ djuk gSA

(b) Use the following idioms in sentences of your own to illustrate their meaning :— [5]
fuEufyf[kr eqgkojksa dk okD; esa iz;ksx djsa :—

(i) xys dk gkj gksu kA

(ii) jax p<+ukA
(iii) flj mBkukA
(iv) pk¡n h gksu kA
(v) vius eq¡g fe;k¡ feV~Bw cuukA

16
(a) (i) vf/kdka”k ijh{kkfFkZ;ksa us bl okD; dks lgh&lgh fy[kkA flQZ
dqN us ^eq>*s dh txg ^esjs dks* vkt tkuk gS] fy[kk tks fd
xyr gSA dqN us bls ^eq>s vkt tkuk gksxk* fy[kdj okD;
dk vFkZ gh cny fn;kA
(ii) bl okD; esa vf/kdka”k ijh{kkfFkZ;ksa us lgh eqgkojs dk iz;ksx
fd;k A dqN ijh{kkfFkZ;ksa us ^ukS nks X;kjg* dh txg ^rhu rsjg
gksuk* dk iz;ksx fd;k rks dqN us okD; dk Øe gh cny fn;k
A dgha&dghaa ek=kvksa lEcU/kh v”kqf);ka Hkh ikbZ xbZaA
(iii) bl okD; esa vf/kdka”k ijh{kkfFkZ;ksa us xyfr;ka dhA ^lw;Z ds
fNirs gh* ;k ^lw;kZLr gksrs gh* dh txg mUgksaus ^lw;kZLr ds
gksrs gh* fy[kk rFkk ^va/ksjk* dh txg ^va/kdkj* “kCn fy[kkA
dqN us ^va/ksjk* “kCn ij vuqLokj ugha yxk;kA
(iv) vf/kdrj ijh{kkfFkZ;ksa us bl okD; esa ^xgjk* “kCn dk iz;ksx
fd;kA lkfgR; vkSj lekt dk ^vVwV*] ^vfHkUu* ,oa ^?kfu’B*
lEcU/k fy[kus esa ijh{kkFkhZ vlQy jgsA
(v) bl okD; esa ^rRdky* ;k ^vHkh* fdlh ,d “kCn dk iz;ksx
djuk Fkk ijUrq dbZ ijh{kkfFkZ;ksa us nksuks a gh “kCn fy[ks vkSj
^iw.kZ* dh txg ^iwjk* djuk fy[k fn;k] ftlls okD; dk
iqujko`fŸk nks’k Bhd ugha gqvk A
(b)(i) ^xys dk gkj gksuk*& eqgkojs dk iz;ksx vf/kdrj fiz;tuksa ds
lEcU/k esa gksrk gS u fd HkkSfrd oLrqvksa ds lEcU/k esa A dqN
ijh{kkfFkZ;ksa us bls HkkSfrd olrqvksa ls tksMk+ ij vf/kdka”k us
lgh mŸkj fy[kkA orZuh ,oa ek=kvksa lEcU/kh v”kqf);k¡ FkhA
(ii) vf/kdka”k ijh{kkfFkZ;ksa us ^jax p<+uk* eqgkojs dk vFkZ u le>
ikus ds dkj.k okD; xBu esa v”kqf);k¡ dhaA
(iii) 'flj mBkuk* eqgkojs dks vf/kdrj ijh{kkfFkZ;ksa us ^flj mBkdj
thuk* ds vFkZ esa fy[kk ftlds dkj.k eqgkojs dk vFkZ gh cny
x;k A ^flj mBkuk* fojks/k ;k cxkor djus ds vFkZ esa Fkk u
fd ^lEekuiwoZd thus* ds vFkZ esa A
(iv) ^pk¡nh gksuk* & eqgkojs dk okD; esa lgh vFkZ Li’V djrs gq,
viuh ckr Li’V dh xbZA okD; jpuk esa orZuh rFkk ek=kvksa
dh v”kqf);k¡ ikbZ xbZaA flQZ dqN ijh{kkfFkZvksa us bl eqgkojs
dk vFkZ u le>ikus ds dkj.k xyfr;ka dha A
(v) ;g eqgkojk ijh{kkfFkZ;ksa us le>k ij okD; esa dkj.k dk vHkko
rFkk vf/kdka”k ijh{kkfFkZ;ksa us okD; xBu esa =qfV;k¡ dhaA
17
ijh{kkfFkZ;ksa dks crk;k tkuk pkfg, fd ^esjs dks*
^rsjs dks* ;s Hkk’kk ds xyr iz;ksx gSaA mUgsa
iw.kZfojke rFkk ek=kvksa dh lgh tkudkjh nsuh
pkfg, rFkk ;s Hkh crkuk pkfg, fd okD; esa
flQZ v”kqf) nwj djuh pkfg, u fd iwjk okD;
gh cny fn;k tk,A
ijh{kkfFkZ;ksa dks le>k,a fd okD; esa ;fn eqgkojs
lEcU/kh v”kqf) gks] rks flQZ eqgkojs dks lgh
djsa u fd u;k eqgkojk fy[ksaA lkFk gh okD;
dk Øe u cnysaA
ijh{kkfFkZ;ksa dks okD; esa iqujko`fŸk nks’k ds ckjs
esa crk,a A vuko”;d “kCn ifjoŸkZu tSlh
v”kqf);ka djus ls euk djsa A vuqLokj dk egRo
le>k,aA
^?kksj*] ^Hk;kud*] ^xgjk* vkfn “kCnksa dk iz;ksx
dgk¡ fd;k tk,] bldk vH;kl d{kk esa djok;k
tkuk pkfg, ftLkls ijh{kkfFkZ;ksa dks irk py
lds fd fdl lanHkZ esa bu “kCnksa dk iz;ksx fd;k
tkrk gS A
iqujko`fŸk nks’k okys vf/kd ls vf/kd okD;ksa dk
vH;kl djok,a rFkk “kCn ds lekukFkhZ fy[kus
ls euk djsaA ^rRdky* vkSj ^vHkh* nksuksa dk ,d
gh vFkZ gS] bl ckr ij fo”ks’k tksj nsa A
eqgkojksa dh lVhd tkudkjh ijh{kkfFkZ;ksa dks nsaA
os mUgsa HkkoukRed Lrj ij ,oa HkkSfrd oLrqvksa
ds lkFk bl eqgkojs ds iz;ksx dk vUrj
le>k,¡A
^jax p<+uk* eqgkojs dk “kkfCnd ,oa fo”ks’k vFkZ
d{kk esa crk;k tkuk pkfg, ftlls ijh{kkFkhZ
mldk iz;ksx okD; esa lgh rjhds ls dj ldsA
ijh{kkfFkZ;ksa dks bl ckr ls voxr djk,a fd
,d vfrfjDr “kCn tksM+ nsus ls eqgkojs dk vFkZ
gh cny tkrk gS A
d{kk esa bl pht dk vH;kl ijh{kkfFkZ;ksa ls
djk,a fd os dkj.k fy[krs gq, eqgkojs dks okD;
esa iz;qDr djsa vU;Fkk okD; dk vFkZ Li’V ugha
gks ikrk A mnkgj.kksa }kjk bl ckr dh tkudkjh
ijh{kkfFkZ;ksa dks nh tk, A
mnkgj.kksa }kjk bl ckr dh tkudkjh
ijh{kkfFkZ;ksa dks nh tk, A
 MARKING SCHEME
Question 3
(a) 'kq) okD;
(i) eq>s vkt tkuk gSA
(ii) iqfyl dks ns[kdj pksj ukS nks X;kjg gks x,A
(iii) lw;kZLr gksrs gh okrkoj.k esa va/ksjk Nk x;kA

lw;Z ds fNirs gh okrkoj.k esa va/ksjk Nk x;kA

(iv) lkfgR; vkSj lekt dk vfHké lac/a k gSA

lkfgR; vkSj lekt dk ?kfu"B lac/a k gSA

lkfgR; vkSj lekt dk vVwV lac/a k gSA

lkfgR; vkSj lekt dk vokafNé lac/a k gSA

(v) ;g dk;Z rRdky iw.kZ djuk gSA

;g dk;Z vHkh iw.kZ djuk gSA

(b) (i) & ¼vR;f/kd fiz; gksuk½
xksfi;ka Jhd`".k ds xys dk gkj cuh gqbZ FkhaA
(ii) & ¼vlj iM+uk½
'kgj vkdj jes'k dks 'kgj dk jax p<+us yxk gSA
(iii) & ¼cxkor@fojks/k djuk½
ikfdLrku us Hkkjr ds f[kykQ flj mBk fn;k gSA
(iv) & ¼cgqr ykHk gksuk½
ykyk yh dh rks Fkksd ds O;kikj esa cgqr pkanh gks jgh gSA
(v) & ¼viuh iz'kalk Lo;a djuk½
lTtu iq#"kksa dks vius eqag fe;ka feV~Bw cuuk 'kksHkk ugha nsrkA

18
 SECTION B
PRESCRIBED TEXTBOOKS - 50 Marks

Answer four questions from this Section on at least three of the prescribed
textbooks.
x| ladyu (Gadya Sanklan)
Question 4
,d txg xje&xje tysfc;k¡ cu jgh FkhaA cPpksa ds fy, FkksM+h&lh [kjhn yhaA ?kj ds njokts ij igq¡psA njoktk
[kqyk FkkA ?kj ds vUnj iSj j[kus esa ân; /kM+drk FkkA u tkus cPps fdl gkyr esa gksa \
(i) fdlus vkSj dc tysfc;k¡ [kjhnha \ tysfc;k¡ [kjhnus okys dk cPpksa ls D;k lEcUèk Fkk \ [1½]

(ii) tysfc;k¡ [kjhnus okyk O;fDr dgk¡ vkSj D;ksa x;k Fkk \ [3]

(iii) lhrkjke th dh vuq ifLFkfr esa cPpksa dh ns[kHkky fdlss djuh iM+rh Fkh \ bl ckjs esa [3]
lhrkjke th D;ksa fpafrr Fks \
(iv) bl ckj cPpks a dh ns [kHkky fdlus vkSj D;ksa dh \ lhrkjke th dk mlls dc vkS j dSls ifjp; [5]
gqvk Fkk \

(i) vf/kdka”k ijh{kkfFkZ;ksa us bl iz”u dk lgh mŸkj fy[kkA dqN

ijh{kkfFkZ;ksa us ^xkSjh* dks tysfc;k¡ [kjhnus okyk crk;k rFkk
dqN us tysfc;k¡ [kjhnus okys rFkk cPpksa dk vilh lEcU/k
ugha fy[kkA
(ii) bl iz”u ds mŸkj esa vf/kdka”k ijh{kkfFkZ;ksa us lhrkjke th ds
tsy tkus dh ckr rks Li’V dh ij muds tsy tkus dk dkj.k
Bhd ls Li’V ugha dj ik,A mŸkj ds izLrqrhdj.k esa deh
fn[kkbZ nhA
(iii) cPpksa dh ns[kHkky djus okyksa ds uke ijh{kkfFkZ;ksa us ugha
fy[ksA ^dgkfju* dh txg mUgksaus ^ukSdjkuh* “kCn dk iz;ksx
fd;k rFkk ^cqvk* “kCn dk iz;ksx rks dbZ ijh{kkfFkZ;ksa us fd;k
gh ughaA lhrkjke th dh fpark dk dkj.k Hkh os vPNh rjg
Li’V ugha dj ik,A
(iv) iz”u ds ,d Hkkx ^cPpksa dh ns[kHkky xkSjh us dh* ;s mŸkj
izk;% gj ijh{kkFkhZ us lgh fy[kk ij ^D;ksa* dk mŸkj Li’V ugha
dj ik, rFkk ^lhrkjke th* ,oa ^xkSjh* dk ifjp; dc vkSj
dSls gqvk ds mŸkj esa os viuh ckr Bhd rjg ls le>k ugha
ik,A
ijh{kkfFkZ;ksa dks dFkkud vPNh rjg i<+u]s
le>us rFkk laf{kIr iz”uksŸkjksa dk vH;kl djus
ds fy, izsfjr djsa A
bl rjg ds iz”uksa esa nksuksa Hkkxksa dk mŸkj
lgh&lgh fy[kus ds fy, vf/kdkf/kd ekSf[kd
vH;kl djok,a rkfd dFkkoLrq dh lgh
tkudkjh ijh{kkfFkZ;ksa dks gks rFkk fyf[kr
vH;kl Hkh djok,a rkfd orZuh lEcU/kh
v”kqf);k¡ u gksaA
dgkuh i<+krs le;] fo’k; ds gj fcUnq ij ppkZ
djsa] laHkkfor iz”uksa ij fopkj djsa rFkk muds
mŸkjksa dk Li’Vhdj.k ns]a rks bl rjg dh
v”kqf);ksa ls cpk tk ldrk gSA
ijh{kkfFkZ;ksa dks le>k,a fd iz”u dh Hkk’kk
/;kuiwoZd i<+sa rFkk iz”u ds lHkh fcUnqvksa dk
lVhd mŸkj nsa A mUgsa crk,a fd ;gk¡ ml
ifjp; dh ckr dh tk jgh gS tc os igyh
ckj feys Fks] u fd tsy ls NwVus ds ckn tc
lhrkjke th us xkSjh dks vius ?kj ij ns[kkA

19
 MARKING SCHEME
Question 4
(i) lhrkjke th jktnzkg
s dsl ekeys esa ,d o"kZ dh ltk dkV dj tc ?kj ykSV jgs Fks rc mUgksaus cPpksa
ds fy, tysfc;ka [kjhnhA
os mu cPpksa ds firk FksA mUgksaus ,d txg xje&xje tysfc;ka curh ns[kh vkSj cPpksa ds fy, [kjhn
yhaA
(ii) tysfc;ka [kjhnus okys O;fDr lhrkjke th dks tsy gks xbZ FkhA bldk dkj.k ;g Fkk fd os dkaxszl
dk;kZy; esa lsØsVjh in ij dk;Z djrs FksA egkRek xka/kh dk lR;kxzg vkanksyu iwjs ns'k esa py jgk
FkkA lR;kxzfg;ksa] Lora=rk lsukfu;ksa ls lacfa /kr yksxksa ds izfr ljdkj dBksj dne mBk jgh FkhA mUgsa
<wa< <wa< dj fxj¶rkj dj jgh FkhA D;ksfa d lhrkjketh dkaxzslh Fks blfy, mu ij jktnzksg dk vkjksi
yxk vkSj fxj¶rkj dj fy;k x;kA mUgsa ,d lky dk dBksj lJe dkjkokl feykA
(iii)lhrkjke th dks ns'k dks vktkn djkus ds flyflys esa dbZ ckj tsy tkuk iM+k FkkA igys mudh
cw<h+ cqvk Fkh tks cPpksa dh ns[kHkky dj fy;k djrh FkhA og vc bl nqfu;k esa ugha jgh FkhA
vc muds ;gka ,d dgkfju Fkh ftlds ckjs esa muds eu esa vk'kadk Fkh fd irk ugha og muds cPpksa
dh ns[kHkky Bhd izdkj ls dj ik,xh ;k ughaA bl ckj og dgkfju ds lgkjs gh vius cPpksa dks
NksM+ x, FksA dgkfju ds vius Hkh rhu pkj cPps FksA tsy esa lhrkjke th fpafrr jgrs FksA ij mUgsa
dk;ns ds vuqlkj gj eghus cPps dh dq'kyrk dk lekpkj fey tk;k djrk FkkA
(iv) bl ckj ¼jktnzksg ds ekeys esa tsy tkus ij½ lhrkjke th ds cPpksa dh ns[kHkky jk/kkd`".ku vkSj
dqarh dh iq=h ^xkSjh* us dhA D;ksfa d xkSjh mu cPpksa dks tkurh FkhA cPpksa ds fonqj firk lhrkjke
th mlds ?kj ij vk, FksA xkSjh ds firk jk/kkd`".k th us viuh iq=h xkSjh ds fookg ds lanHkZ esa mUgsa
dU;k dks ns[kus gsrq cqyk;k FkkA xkSjh lhrkjke th dh ns'kHkfDr] lknxh] ljyrk] Ny diV ls
jfgr mÙke ,oa vkn'kZ pfj= ls izHkkfor gks xbZ FkhA vkSj muds cPpkssa ds izfr eerk Hkh tkx`r gks
xbZ FkhA ,d fnu tc mlus lekpkj i= esa lhrkjke th ds tsy tkus dk lekpkj i<+k rks mldh
eerk vkSj ns'kHkfDr us ,d ns'kHkDr uo;qod ds vukFk cPpksa dh ns[kHkky vkSj ns'k lsok djus ds
fy, izsfjr fd;kA og viuh eka ls vkKk ysdj ukSdj ds lkFk rRdky lhrkjke th ds ?kj dkuiqj
pyh xbZA blds fy, mlus vius firkth ds vkus dh Hkh izrh{kk ugha dhA bl izdkj mlus ns'k
lsok esa viuk fo'ks"k ;ksxnku fn;kA
lhrkjke th tc ^xkSjh* dks ns[kus ds fy, mlds ?kj x, FksA xkSjh ds firk jk/kkd`".k th us mDr
dk;Z ds fy, Lo;a vkeaf=r fd;k FkkA rc xkSjh vkSj lhrkjke th dk vU;ksU; vkeuk&lkeuk gqvk
FkkA bl izdkj lhrkjke th dk ifjp; mlds ?kj ij gh gqvk FkkA

20
Question 5
^^ ^etcwjh* dgkuh ekr`Ro izse ls ifjiw.kZ ,d ljy o`)k dh dgkuh gSA** bl dFku dh iqf"V dgkuh
dh ?kVukvksa ds vk/kkj ij dhft,A [12½]

vf/kdrj ijh{kkfFkZ;ksa us ^etcwjh* dgkuh dk lkj fy[k dj j[k

fn;kA o`)k ¼nknh vEek½ dh ljy ân;rk rFkk muds ekr`Ro izse
dks dgkuh dh ?kVukvksa ds vk/kkj ij iq’V ugha fd;k A dqN us
^nknh vEEkk* dh etcwfj;ksa] jek rFkk jkes”oj dh etcwfj;ksa dk vf/kd
o.kZu fd;kA dqN us o`)k ds ljy ekr`Ro ls T;knk ^csV*s vkSj ^cgw*
dks T;knk foLrkj fn;k A o`)k ds vdsysiu dk Hkh o.kZu ijh{kkfFkZ;ksa
us ugha fd;k A
mŸkj esa m)j.kksa dk iz;ksx dgha Hkh ugha fd;k x;k ;k cgqr gh
de fd;k x;kA ,d ek¡ ds :i esa] ,d nknh ds :i esa tks HkkoukRed
yxko] ekr`Ro izse rFkk o`)k ds euksHkkoksa dk o.kZu mŸkj esa gksuk
pkfg,] mldk vHkko fn[kkbZ fn;k A dbZ ijh{kkfFkZ;ksa us mls vU;
ikB tSls fd ^vkmV lkbMj* ls Hkh feyk fn;k A
iz”u dk mŸkj fy[krs le; iz”u dh Hkk’kk
dks /;ku esa j[ksa A
izR;sd iz”u dk mŸkj flQZ dgkuh dk lkj
fy[kus ek= ls lgh ugha gksrk A
Hkko iz/kku dgkfu;ksa esa Hkkoukvksa dh ppkZ
djsa A
d{kk esa oŸkZuh dk vH;kl djsa A
mŸkj esa dgkuh dh ?kVukvksa ds vk/kkj ij
vius fopkj Li’V djsa A
m)j.kksa dk iz;ksx u flQZ viuh ckr Li’V
djus ds fy, oju~ vPNs vad izkIr djus ds
fy, Hkh t:jh gSA
ijh{kkfFkZ;ksa dks d{kk esa ,d vkn”kZ mŸkj
nsdj Lo;a vU; iz”uksa ds mŸkjksa dk fyf[kr
vH;kl djok,aA

MARKING SCHEME
Question 5
eéw HkaMkjh }kjk fy[kh dgkuh ^etcwjh* ,d Hkkoukiz/kku dgkuh gSA iq= o iq=o/kw ds nwj jgus ds
dkj.k nknh eka ifr ds lkFk jgrh gSA og ,dkdhiu dks ifjfLFkfr o'k >syrh gSA ysf[kdk us dgkuh
}kjk nknh eka] tks fd dgkuh dh eq[; ik= gSa] ds euksHkkoksa dks mn~?kkfVr fd;k gSA
izkphu ijaijk vkSj izFkk ds vuqlkj nknh dk iksrs ds izfr eksg gksuk LokHkkfod gSA ewy ls lwn vf/kd
I;kjk gksrk gSA cw<h+ vEek ?kj esa vius ifr ds lkFk jg jgh gSA mls xfB;k dk jksx gSA mlds ifr
,d fueksZgh lar dk thou th jgs gSa] ijarq vEek ftls vius csVs ls feys rhu lky gks x, gSa] csVs
vkSj iksrs ls feyus dh [kq'kh esa izrh{kkjr gSA og yksjh xk xk dj izlé gks jgh gSA iksrs ds vkus ij
og Qwyh ugha lekrh vkSj mls jkesÜoj ls ysdj viuh Nkrh ls fpidkrh gSA mldh [kq'kh vkSj c<+
tkrh gS] tc jek dgrh gS fd nwljs cPps ds vkus dh mEehn esa og ^csV*w dks muds ikl NksM+
tk,xhA
cw<h+ vEek vius nq[k nnZ Hkwy xbZA mlds nw/k ds fy, mls f[kykus fiykus ds fy, og jkr fnu
yxh jgrhA og mls dHkh viuh ihB ij yknrh rks dHkh mldk ?kksM+k cu dj vkaxu esa nkSM+rh
fQjrhA xyh esa vk, Qsjh okyksa ls og viuh euilan phtsa [kjhnokrkA csVw dh eka jek us nwljs
yM+ds dks tUe fn;kA vc vEek fufÜapr gks xbZ vkSj mldk csVw ds izfr eksg c<+ x;kA og Hkh
fnu&jkr jke vEek ds vkxs ihNs ?kwerk FkkA
21
 nks lky ckn jkesÜoj vkSj jek vEek vkSj csVw ls feyus vk, rks csVw dh gjdrsa ns[k jek dk [kwu
[kkSyus yxkA jek us vEek ls dgk ^vEek] vkius rks bls fcxkM+ dj /kwy dj j[kk gSA bl rjg dSls
pysxk \* os ugha pkgrs Fks fd csVw dh ftanxh pkSiV gksA vr% jek us mls eqacbZ ys tkus dk eu
cuk;kA
igys rks jek csVw dks rkaxs dh lokjh dk ykyp ns vius ek;ds ys xbZA ogka og vEek dh ;kn esa
chekj iM+ x;kA vEek Lo;a mls vius ?kj ys vkbZ vkSj og Bhd gks x;kA fQj tc jek nksckjk vkbZ
rks mlus vEek dks csVw ds fy, le>k;kA vEek us viuh tek&iwath [kpZ djds ukSdj f'kcw dks jek
ds lkFk eqacbZ Hkst fn;kA ogka u, fe=ksa] clksa] Vªke] >wys vkfn ikdj og /khjs&/khjs nknh dks Hkwyus
yxk vkSj [kq'k jgus yxkA ;g lekpkj lqu vEek [kq'k rks gqb]Z ij mldh vka[kksa esa vkalw FksA
vr% dgk tk ldrk gS fd ysf[kdk us nknh eka ds pfj= ds ek/;e ls vusd ,slh ukfj;ksa ds pfj=
dks fn[kk;k gS tks vdsysiu vkSj cq<+kis dks >syrh gS vkSj etcwjho'k le; ds lkFk le>kSrk djrh
gSA ^etcwjh* dgkuh eerk ls ifjiw.kZ ,d ljy o o`)k dh dgkuh gSA

Question 6
laLÑfr dh ifjHkk"kk u nsdj ys[kd us fdu y{k.kksa dk mYys[k dj laLÑfr dks le>kus dk iz;Ru
fd;k gS \mnkgj.k lfgr Li"V dhft,A [12½]

cgqr gh de ijh{kkfFkZ;ksa us bl iz”u dk mŸkj fy[kkA ftUgksaus

fy[kk Hkh] rks os bl ds lkFk lgh U;k; ugha dj ik, A
dqN ijh{kkfFkZ;ksa us bls ^D;k fujk”k gqvk tk,* fucU/k ls tksMd
+ j
mŸkj fy[k fn;k A laLd`fr ds y{k.kksa dks Hkh fofHkUu mnkgj.kksa
}kjk Li’V ugha dj ik, A dqN us flQZ ikB dk lkjka”k fy[k
fn;k blfy, os iz”ukuqlkj mŸkj ugha fy[k ik, A dqN ijh{kkFkhZ
nks rhu mnkgj.kksa }kjk viuh ckr lesVus esa lQy jgs ij mŸkj
cgqr gh laf{kIr FkkA
loZizFke ikB ds eq[; fcUnqvksa dks js[kkafdr
djok,¡] fQj fofHkUu mnkgj.kksa }kjk mu fcUnqvksa
ij foLrkj ls ppkZ djsaA ijh{kkfFkZ;ksa dks mu
mnkgj.kksa dks ;kn djus ds fy, dgsa A ckj&ckj
ikB dh ekSf[kd iqujko`fŸk djok,¡ A
bl rjg ds fopkjkRed fucU/kksa esa cgqr gh
lko/kkuhiwoZd rFkk dqN fo”ks’k /;ku nsrs gq,
,d&,d lw{e fcUnq ij vkykspuk] lekykspuk
,oa ppkZ djrs gq, ikB le>k,a D;ksafd bl rjg
ds fucU/k ;kn j[kuk ijh{kkfFkZ;ksa ds fy, dfBu
gksrk gSA

MARKING SCHEME
Question 6
Jh jke/kkjh flag ^fnudj* dh jpuk ^laLd`fr dh pkj v/;k;* cgqpfpZr vkSj vewY; iqLrd gSA
laLd`fr ,d ,slk 'kCn gS ftldk mi;ksx vf/kdrj gksrk gS ij mldks le>uk cgqr dfBu gSA ys[kd
us mlds y{k.kksa dh lgk;rk ls mldh lqanj O;k[;k bl ikB esa izLrqr dh gSA lH;rk vkSj laLd`fr
ns'k&tkfr ds nks fHké&fHké xq.k gSaA vaxzsth esa budh O;k[;k dh xbZ gSA ys[kd us ,d

22
okD; ds }kjk mlds ,d y{k.k dks vfHkO;Dr fd;k
gS -
ßvaxzsth esa dgkor gS fd lH;rk og pht gS tks gekjs ikl gS] laLd`fr og xq.k gS tks ge esa O;kIr
gSAÞ
lH;rk LFkwy HkkSfrd inkFkZ gS vkSj laLd`fr og dyk gS tks mu oLrqvksa dk fuekZ.k djrh gS] bl
dyk ds Kku dks vftZr djus esa laLd`fr Lo;a dks vfHkO;Dr djrh gSA izR;sd lqlH; O;fDr lqlaLd`r
ugha gks ldrkA og vPNs diM+s igu ldrk gS] vPNs ?kj esa jg ldrk gS] vPNk&[kk ih ldrk gS
ij vko';d ugha gS fd mlesa vPNs laLdkj Hkh gksA ;fn mlesa vkfRed xq.kksa dk vHkko gS rks og
lqlLa d`r gks gh ugha ldrkA blds foijhr lkekU; thou thus okyk O;fDr Hkys gh mlds leku
lqlH; uk gks ijarq vius vPNs xq.kksa ds dkj.k lqlLa d`r vo'; gSA ys[kd us viuh ckr dks le>kus
ds fy, NksVk ukxiqj dh vkfnoklh turk rFkk gekjs izkphu _f"k&eqfu;ksa dk mnkgj.k fn;k gSA
laLd`fr dks le>kus ds fy, ys[kd us laLd`fr vkSj lH;rk dh fHkérk dk nwljk y{k.k Hkh fn;k gSA
lk/kkj.k fu;e ;g gS fd lH;rk vkSj laLd`fr dh izxfr lkFk&lkFk gksrh gSA nksuksa ,d nwljs ls
izHkkfor gksrh gSA ys[kd us ?kj ds mnkgj.k ls viuh ckr dks Li"V fd;k gSA ?kj cuokuk LFkwy :i
esa lH;rk gS ij ?kj cukus ds fy, fdl uD'ks dks ilan fd;k tkrk gS] fdl d{k esa D;k gksuk pkfg,]
mls dSls ltk;k tk,] ;g gekjh laLd`frd #fp ij fuHkZj djrk gSA laLd`fr dh izsj.kk ls cuk;k
x;k ?kj lH;rk dk vax cu tkrk gSA bl izdkj nksuksa ds ,d nwljs ls izHkkfor gksus dk Øe fujarj
pyrk jgrk gSA
fnudj th us laLd`fr vkSj izdf` r dk varj Hkh Li"V fd;k gSA xqLlk djuk euq"; dh izd`fr gS vkSj
yksHk esa iM+uk LoHkkoA bZ";kZ] }s"k] eksg] jkx] dkeokluk izd`fr ds xq.k gSaA ;fn bu ij jksd u yxkbZ
tk, rks ;g gh xq.k nqxqZ.k cu tkrs gSa rFkk euq"; vkSj tkuoj esa dksbZ varj ugha jgrkA ys[kd ds
'kCnksa esa] ßeuq"; izd`fr ds bu vkosxksa ij jksd yxkrk gS vkSj dksf'k'k djrk gS fd og xqLls ds cl
esa ugha] cfYd xqLlk gh mlds cl esa jgs( og yksHk] eksg] bZ";kZ] }s"k vkSj dkeokluk dk xqyke uk
gks] cfYd ;g nqxZe gh mlds xqyke jgsaAÞ
bu nqxZ.q kksa ij fot; ikys okyk O;fDr mPp dksfV dh laLd`fr dk Lokeh gksrk gSA
lH;rk vkSj laLd`fr esa lH;rk n`f"Vxkspj gksrh gS tc dh laLd`fr mls laokjrh vkSj ltkrh gSA ftl
izdkj nw/k esa ?kh vkSj Qwy esa xa/k fNih jgrh gS mlh izdkj lH;rk esa laLd`fr fNih gksrh gSA laLd`fr
ds fcuk lH;rk csekuh gSA lH;rk dh oLrq,a VwV&QwV ldrh gSa] ij laLd`fr dk fouk'k ljyrk ls
ugha gksrkA
lH;rk ds midj.k cVksjs tk ldrs gSa ij muds mi;ksx ds fy, ftl laLd`fr dh vko';drk gksrh
gS mls vftZr djus esa le; yxrk gSA lH; O;fDr ;fn fou;'khy ugha gS rks og galh dk ik= ugha
cu ldrkA yksx mls p<+kus yxrs gSaA D;ksafd lH;rk ds lk/kuksa ds mi;ksx dk Hkh viuk&viuk
vankt+ gksrk gSA
laLd`fr nl&chl ;k ipkl&lkS o"kksZa dh esgur dk ifj.kke ugha gSA ;g lSdM+kas&gtkjksa o"kksZa ds rkSj
rjhdksa ls iuirh gSA izR;sd lewg ds [kkus&ihus] jgus&lgus] i<+u&
s fy[kus] lkspus&le>us /keZ&deZ
rFkk jkt&dkt dk viuk rjhdk gksrk gS tks ih<+h nj ih<+h lh[kk tkrk gSA ;g mls vU; oLrqvksa
ds leku fojklr esa feyrk gSA ifjfLFkfr;ksa ds ifjorZu ls lkfgR;] dyk bR;kfn dh 'kSfy;ksa esa Hkh
cnyko vkrk gSA O;fDr mls Hkh iwoZ Kku esa latksrk tkrk gS vkSj vkxkeh ih<+h dks lefiZr djrk

23
 gSA ;g Øe gtkjksa lkyksa ls pyk vk jgk gS bl ij gh gekjh laLd`fr dh jpuk gksrh gSA ;gh lewg
fo'ks"k dh laLd`fr gSA
ys[kd us vR;ar lqanj vkSj lVhd 'kCnksa esa laLd`fr ds ekuo ls varjax lac/a k dks mtkxj fd;k gSA
laLd`fr vkSj ekuo dk tUe&tUekUrj dk lac/a k gSA vius bl tUe ds laLdkjksa ds vuqlkj gh
iqutZUe gksrk gSA ys[kd ds 'kCnksa esa %&
ßlaLdkj ;k laLd`fr] vly esa] 'kjhj dk ugha vkRek dk xq.k gS vkSj tc dh lH;rk dh lkefxz;ksa ls
gekjk lac/a k 'kjhj ds lkFk gh NwV tkrk gS] rc Hkh gekjh laLd`fr dk izHkko gekjh vkRek ds lkFk
tUe&tUekarj rd pyrk jgrk gSAÞ
izkphu dky ls gh iuius okyh dyk gekjh laLd`fr dh /kjksgj gSA iqLrdky;ksa vkSj laxzgky;ksa]
ukVî'kkykvksa vkSj flusek&?kjksa ds lkFk&lkFk jktuhfrd vkSj vkfFkZd laxBu Hkh gekjh laLd`fr dh
igpku gSaA
laLd`fr dk LoHkko vknku&iznku gksrk gSA ftl izdkj nks O;fDr;ksa dk vkil esa feyu gksrk gS rc
,d nwljs dh laxfr esa os cgqr dqN lh[k tkrs gSaA mlh izdkj tc nks ns'kksa dk vkilh lac/a k LFkkfir
gksrk gS rks nksuksa ns'kksa dh laLd`fr;ka izHkkfor gksrh gSaA dqN viuk nsrh gSa vkSj dqN nwljksa ls ysrh
gSaA
tks tkfr dsoy nsuk tkurh gS] ysuk ugha] vFkkZr nwljh laLd`fr dh vPNh ckr xzg.k djuk ugha
tkurh mldh laLd`fr dk ,d fnu fnokyk fudy tkrk gSA ftl tyk'k; esa LoPN ty vkrk
jgrk gS mlesa dey ds Qwy f[kyrs jgrs gSa vFkkZr u,&u, fopkj tUe ysrs jgrs gSa rFkk laLd`fr
dk fodkl gksrk jgrk gSA dksbZ Hkh Kku ;k laLdkj le; ds vuqlkj ifjofrZr uk gks rks mldk ,d
fnu iru vo'; gksrk gSA ifjorZu gh thou gS vkSj ifjorZu ds lkFk thou fodkl dh vksj mUeq[k
gksrk gSA ,d ns'k esa tc mPp dksfV ds dfo gksrs gSa mlh ;qx esa nwljs ns'kksa esa Hkh vU; dfo tUe
ysrs gSaA ,d ns'k dk /keZ nwljs ns'kksa dks Hkh izHkkfor djrk gSA #dk ty nqxZa/k;qDr gks tkrk gS vkSj
cgrk ty fueZy cuk jgrk gSA fnudj us viuh ckr dks lqanj 'kCnksa esa bl izdkj dgk gS &
ßtc Hkh nks tkfr;ka feyrh gSa] muds laidZ ;k la?k"kZ ls ftanxh dh ,d ubZ /kkjk QwV fudyrh gS
ftldk izHkko nksuksa ij iM+rk gSA vknku&iznku dh izfØ;k laLd`fr dh tku gS vkSj blh ds lgkjs
og Lo;a dks ftank j[krh gSAÞ
;fn vf/kd ls vf/kd laLd`fr;ksa ds xq.kksa dks vkRelkr djds leUo; djus okyh laLd`fr
vf/kd egku gS rks Hkkjr ns'k vkSj Hkkjrh; tkfr bl n`f"Vdks.k ls lcls egku gS D;ksafd ;gka dh
lekftd laLd`fr esa vusd tkfr;ksa dh laLd`fr;ka jp cl xbZ gSaA

(Kavya Manjari)
Question 7
tkÅ¡ dgk¡ rft pj.k rqEgkjsA
dkdks uke ifrr ikou tx dsfg vfr nhu fi;kjs
dkSus nso cjkb fcjn fgr] gfB&gfB v/ke m/kkjsA
[kx] e`x] O;k/k] i"kku] foVi tM+] tou&dou lqr rkjsA
nso] nuqt] eqfu] ukx] euqt lc] ek;k&fccl fcpkjsA fruds gkFk nkl
rqylh izHkq] dgk viquikS gkjSA

(i) izLrqr iafDr;k¡ dgk¡ ls yh xbZ gSa \ buds dfo dkSu gSa \ HkDr us fdlds izfr viuh vkLFkk

24
 izdV dh gS \ [1½]
(ii) ifrrikou fdls dgk x;k gS vkSj D;ksa \ [3]
(iii) ^ek;k&fccl fcpkjs* iafDr dk Hkko Li"V dhft,A [3]
(iv) ^^tkÅ¡ dgk¡ rft pju rqEgkjs** ’kh"kZd in ds vk/kkj ij dfo dh HkfDr&Hkkouk ij izdk’k
Mkfy,A [5]

(i) dbZ ijh{kkFkhZ bl iz”u dk mŸkj lgh&lgh fy[k ik,A ijUrq

dqN ijh{kkfFkZ;ksa us ^izLrqr iafDr;k¡ dgk¡ ls yh xbZ gSa ds mŸkj
esa rqylhnkl ds in fy[kk] os ^fou; if=dk* dk mYys[k ugha
dj ik,A dqN us dfo dk uke ^rqylhnkl* u fy[kdj
^dchjnkl* ;k ^lwjnkl* fy[kk A
(ii) ^ifrrikou* jke dks dgk x;k gS] ;s mŸkj vf/kdka”k ijh{kkfFkZ;ksa
us lgh fy[kk] ij ^D;ksa* dk mŸkj Li’V ugha dj ik, A dqN
us ^ifrrikou* Jhd`’.k dks dgk A
(iii) bl iz”u dk mŸkj T;knkrj ijh{kkfFkZ;ksa us xyr fy[kkA os
^ek;k&fccl fcpkjs* iafDr dk vFkZ gh ugha le> ik, blfy,
mŸkj Bhd rjg ls ugha fy[k ik, A dqN ijh{kkfFkZ;ksa us flQZ
dfork dh iafDr;k¡ gh mrkj dj j[k nhaA dqN us ^ek;k* dks
e`R;q :Ik esa fy;k ftlls mŸkj esa Li’Vhdj.k dk vHkko jgk
(iv) bl iz”u ds mŸkj esa dfo dh HkfDrHkkouk ij izdk”k Mkyus dh
ctk; ijh{kkfFkZ;ksa us iwjs in dk HkkokFkZ gh mŸkj ds :Ik esa
fy[kk fn;kA HkfDr Hkkouk ij rfud Hkh ppkZ ugha dhA
dqN ijh{kkFkhZ HkfDrHkkouk dk vFkZ gh ugha le> ik,
lfy, ,d&nks iafDr;ksa esa vLi’V ,oa v/kwjk mŸkj fy[kdj
NksM+ fn;kA
dqN us ^Jh d`’.k* dks dfo dk vkjk/; eku dj xyr mŸkj
fy[k fn;k A
ijh{kkfFkZ;ksa dks lwjnkl] rqylhnkl rFkk
dchjnkl dk vUrj mudh HkfDrHkkouk] muds
thouo`Ÿk rFkk lkfgfR;d ifjp; ds ek/;e ls
crk,aA dfo;ksa rFkk ys[kdksa dk ifjp; ;kn
djok,aA mudh izeq[k d`fr;ksa ls ifjfpr djk,a
rkfd ijh{kkFkhZ bl rjg dh v”kqf);k¡ u djsa A
ikB@dfork le>krs gq, dc] dkSu] dgk¡ rFkk
fdlls dk mYys[k djsa rkfd ijh{kkfFkZ;ksa dks
fdlh rjg dk Hkze u gks vkSj os Li’V :Ik ls
viuk mŸkj fy[k ldsa ;fn dksbZ ikSjkf.kd izlx a
ikB ls tqM+k gqvk gks] rks ml ij Hkh ppkZ djsa
rkfd ikB vPNh rjg le> esa vk lds A
dfork i<+krs le; gj iafDr dk vFkZ Li’V djsa]
,d&,d ?kVuk dh foLr`r tkudkjh nsa rkfd
ijh{kkFkhZ lgh&lgh mŸkj fy[k ldsaA ^ek;k*
tSls “kCnksa dks izlxa ds vuqlkj foLrkj ls
le>k,¡ A
d{kk esa HkDr dfo;ksa dh HkfDrHkkouk ij foLrkj
ls ppkZ dh tkuh pkfg,A lxq.k HkfDr rFkk
fuxqZ.kHkfDr dh fofHkUu /kkjkvksa rFkk mlls tqM+s
dfo;ksa dh thouh] jpukvksa rFkk HkfDr Hkkouk
ij vPNh rjg ls O;k[;k dh tkuh pkfg,A
rqylhnkl th dh ^jkekJ;h HkfDr* rFkk
dchjnkl th dh ^jkekJ;h HkfDr* esa Hkh vUrj
crk,a A blds fy, vf/kd ls vf/kd mnkgj.kksa
dk iz;ksx djsa A

MARKING SCHEME
Question 7
(i) izLrqr iafDr;ka gekjh ikBîiqLrd ßdkO; eatjhÞ ds ßrqylhnkl ds inÞ 'kh"kZd esa ladfyr ßfou;
if=dkÞ ls m)`¯r in ls yh xbZ gSaA bu iafDr;ksa ds dfo ßrqylhnklÞ gSaA
Hkxr dfo rqylhnkl us Hkxoku Jhjke ds izfr viuh vkLFkk O;Dr dh gSA
(ii) ifrr ikou Jhjke dks dgk x;k gSA D;ksafd Jhjke vius HkDrksa ls HksnHkko ugha j[krsA tks
mudh 'kj.k esa vk tkrk gS mldk m)kj fuÜp; :i ls gks tkrk gSA vR;ar uhp vkSj ikih
tuksa dk Jhjke us gBkr m)kj fd;k gSA mnkgj.k ds fy, tVk;q uked i{kh ¼[kx½ dk m)kj
fd;kA diV ls e`x dk :i /kkj.k djus okys jk{kl ekjhp dk m)kj fd;kA tho gR;k djds
25
 vius ifjokj dk ikyu djus okys O;k/k dk m)kj fd;kA egf"kZ xkSre ds 'kki ls ik"kk.k ¼iRFkj
dh f'kyk½ esa ifjofrZr mudh iRuh vfgY;k dk m)kj fd;kA 'kki o'k tM+ o`{k ds :i esa
ihfM+r ;ey vkSj vtqZu dk m)kj fd;kA ;gh ugha tks Hkh mudh 'kj.k esa vk;k mldk m)kj
fd;k blhfy, mUgsa ¼Jhjke dks½ ifrr ikou dgk tkrk gSA
(iii) ^ek;k&fccl fcpkjs* dk vFkZ gS ek;k ds vk/khu gksukA rqylhnkl th dgrs gSa fd nsork] jk{kl]
eqfu] ukx vkSj euq"; ;s cspkjs ek;k ds cl esa gSaA buesa ls eSa fdlh dh vkjk/kuk djds D;ksa
viukiu ;k vkReh;rk [kksaÅA esjs rks dsoy ,d gh vkJ; gSa - JhjkeA eSa muds pj.kksa dh
'kj.k NksM+dj dgha ugha tkÅaxkA
(iv) rqylhnkl th Hkxoku Jhjke ds vuU; HkDr FksA Jhjke muds b"V nso FksA os fdlh vU;
nsoh&nsork dh iwtk esa foÜokl ugha j[krs FksA os ekurs Fks fd Jhjke dk ifo= uke ifrrksa dk
m)kj djus esa l{ke gSA os ;g tkurs gSa fd muds b"Vnso dks xjhc vkSj nq[kh cgqr I;kjs yxrs
gSaA Jhjke brus n;kyq vkSj d`ikyq gSa fd mUgksaus [kx] e`x] O;k/k] i"kku fcV~i tM+] tcu dou
uk tkus fdruksa dks rkj fn;kA var esa rqylhnkl th dgrs gSa fd nso] jk{kl] eqfu] ukx vkSj
euq"; lc ek;k ds v/khu iM+s gSaA os cspkjs gSaA eSa buesa ls fdlh ,d dh vkjk/kuk djds viukiu
;k vkReh;rk ugha [kksuk pkgrkA os esjs b"Vnso gSa vkSj eSa mudk vuU; HkDr gwaA eq>s mu ij
iwjk foÜokl gSA

Question 8
lk[kh ds vk/kkj ij fl) dhft, fd dchjnkl th ,d lQy dfo ,oa Js"B mins’kd Fks] mUgksaus [12½]
ckgjh vkMEcjksa ;k ik[kaMksa dk fojks/k djds fdl pht ij vf/kd /;ku nsus ij tksj fn;k gS \

bl iz”u ds mŸkj esa vf/kdrj ijh{kkfFkZ;ksa us dchjnkl th ds ^dfo*

,oa ^mins”kd* Lo:i dks Li’V ugha fd;k u gh mUgksaus ckgjh vkMEcjksa
vkSj ik[kaMksa dk mYys[k djrs gq, bl ckr dks Li’V fd;k fd os
budk fojks/k dj fdl pht ij vf/kd tksj nsus dks dgrs FksA mUgksaus
lkjs nksgksa dk ljykFkZ fy[kdj vius mŸkj dh bfrJh eku yhA dfork
dh iafDr;ksa dks Hkh m)j.kksa ds rkSj ij ugha fy[kkA
ijh{kkfFkZ;ksa us lHkh nksgksa dk o.kZu Hkh ugha fd;k A ize[q k nksgk tks bl
iz”u ds fy, visf{kr Fkk] og Hkh ugha fy[kk A dqN us d{kk nloha ds
nksgksa dks Hkh blesa feyk fn;k A
d{kk esa /kkfeZd ckákMEcjksa rFkk ik[kaMksa ij
[kqydj ppkZ djsa A dchjnkl th us D;ksa budk
fojks/k fd;kA os bZ”oj izkfIr ds fy, fdl pht
ij cy nsus dks dgrs Fks ] bl ij Hkh foLrkj
ls ppkZ djuh pkfg, A
dchjnkl th ds dfo] mins”kd] lq/kkjd ,oa
Økafrdkjh Lo:i dh tkudkjh nsuh pkfg,A
iz”u dh Hkk’kk ds lHkh fcUnqvksa dks vius mŸkj
esa “kkfey djus ds fy, dgsa A
izR;sd mŸkj esa m)j.kksa ds rkSj ij iafDr;k¡
fy[kus ds fy, izfs jr djsa A
d{kk nloha rFkk ckjgoh ds nksgksa dk lLoj
okpu djok,a rkfd dksbZ lansg u jgs A

26
 MARKING SCHEME
Question 8
dchjnkl th vius le; ds egku fopkjd] ;qxn`"Vk] ije Kkuh vkSj Js"B mins'kd FksA ^lk[kh* ds
nksgksa esa mudh Li"Vokfnrk] lR;okfnrk ,oa dBksjrk lh/ks ân; ij izgkj djrh gSA mudk ^lk[kh*
esa fn;k Kku gekjk iFk izn'kZu djrk gSA os lQy dfo Hkh FksA
dchj fujkdjoknh FksA mUgksaus viuh jpukvksa esa ^jke* 'kCn dk iz;ksx fd;k fdarq mu dk jke czã
dk izrhd gSA muds }kjk izfrikfnr bZ'oj O;kid gS rFkk leLr lalkj esa O;kid gSA iwtk&ikB esa
mUgksaus Åap&uhp] tkr&ikr dks ugha ekukA os fy[krs gSa %&

dchj us lHkh /keksZa ds deZdkaMkas dk fojks/k fd;kA mUgksaus tkfrxr] /keZxr] fo'oklxr] #f<+;ksa vkSj
ijaijkvksa ds f[kykQ [kqydj vkokt mBkbZ %

nwljh vksj eqfLye dV~Vjokfn;ksa dk migkl djrs gq, dgk gS %

dchj ds dkO; esa vykSfdd izse dk ekfeZd o.kZu gSA dkO; esa jgL;e; vuqHkwfr;ka] fojg dh O;kdqyrk]
vkReleiZ.k dh mRdaBk rFkk n'kZu dh vfHkyk"kk ;=&r= Nydrh gS %

Kku dk nhid fey tkus ij vKkurk nwj gks tkrh gS vkSj vgadkj ds uk'k gksrs gh ijekRek ds
n'kZu gks tkrs gSAa

izse ds egRo ij izdk'k Mkyrs gq, dgrs gSa %

dchj ds dkO; dh lkekftd n`f"V ls ftruh mi;ksfxrk rRdkyhu lekt dks Fkh] vkt Hkh mudh
jpuk,a le; lkis{k gSaA vkt Hkh tuekul dks fn'kkcks/k djus esa mudh fo'ks"k Hkwfedk gSA xq# dh
efgek dk xku djrs gq, fy[krs gSa %

vr% ge ns[krs gSa fd dchj u dsoy dfo Fks] os ;qxnz"Vk] ;qx izorZd vkSj fuHkhZd lekt
lq/kkjd cudj lc ds lkeus vk,A

27
Question 9
tSlk ge cks;asxs oSlk gh ik;saxsA* iafDr dks vk/kkj cukdj ^vk% /kjrh fdruk nsrh gS* dfork dh
leh{kk dhft,A [12½]

vf/kdka”k ijh{kkfFkZ;ksa us bl iz”u dk mŸkj dfork ds ljykFkZ dks

Li’V djrs gq, fy[k fn;kA os dfork dh leh{kk ugha dj ik, vkSj
u gh bl dFku dks Li’V dj ik, fd ^tSlk ge cks;ax s s oSlk gh
ik;sax*s A
cgqr vklku iz”u gksrs gq, Hkh os bldk lUrks’ktud mŸkj ugha ns
ik, A
dfork dk lcls egRoiw.kZ va”k mldk vafre Hkkx Fkk ftlds vk/kkj
ij leh{kk rFkk iz”u esa fn, x, dFku dks Li’V fd;k tk ldrk
Fkk] ij ijh{kkFkhZ blesa vlQy jgsA dqN us dfo ^lqfe=kuanu iar*
dks dof;=h fy[kkA
ijh{kkfFkZ;ksa dks iz”ukuqlkj mŸkj fy[kus dk
vH;kl djokuk pkfg,A mUgsa leh{kk “kCn dk
vFkZ crkuk pkfg, rkfd os =qfV;k¡ u djsa A
dfork ds HkkokFkZ ij foLrkj ls ppkZ djsa rkfd
mUgsa ^ tSlk ge cks;axs s oSlk gh ik;sax*s tSlh
iafDr;ksa dh O;k[;k djus esa dfBukbZ u vk, A
ijh{kkfFkZ;ksa dks vPNh rjg ls le>k,a fd fo’k;
ls HkVd dj vuko”;d foLrkj u djsa oju~
iz”u dh Hkk’kk ds vuq:i mŸkj dks lesVus dk
iz;kl djsa A

MARKING SCHEME
Question 9
iar th dh dfork dk egRo laons uk vkSj vfHkO;atuk nksuksa /kjkry ij gSA mudk izdf` r fp=.k] eu]
fLFkfr;ksa vkSj euksn'kkvksa dks izdV djus okyk gSA mUgksaus izkd`frd ls laons u'khyrk dks xzg.k fd;k
FkkA og laons u'khyrk lh/ks&lh/ks dkO; esa izLrkfor gqbZ gSA izd`fr ds ewrfZ p=ksa esa iar th us tu&thou
dh vfHkyk"kkvksa dks vfHkO;Dr fd;k gSA ^tSlk ge cks,x a ]s oSlk gh ik,ax*s iafDr ekuo vfHkyk"kk ds
fofHké vk;keksa dks vfHkO;Dr djrh gSA
^vk% /kjrh fdruk nsrh gSA dfork okLro esa ekuo dh fofHké vfHkyk"kkvksa dks rhu Hkkxksa esa ckaV nsrh
gSA O;fDr tc tYnh ls tYnh vehj cudj dsoy LokFkZ vkSj yksHko'k dk;Z djrk gS rks mlesa dkQh
d"V gksrk gS vkSj vfHkyk"kk iw.kZ Hkh ugha gksrhA dfo us cpiu dh ,d ?kVuk dk fp=.k efeZd 'kCnksa
esa fd;k gSA dHkh cPpk Fkk] vutku FkkA mls /kjrh dh ns; 'kfDr dk vuqeku Hkh ugha FkkA ;gh
dj.k gS fd mlus viuh /ku dh eerk dks cks;k vkSj mls ykyp ls lhapkA ,sls O;fDr;ksa dks /kjrh
Hkh ugha nsrh gSA dfo ds 'kCnksa esa %

28
dfo us iSls cksus dk dk;Z pqipki lcls Nqidj fd;k FkkA iSls mxrs ugha gSa] bl ckr ls ckyd
vutku FkkA yxHkx vk/kh 'krkCnh O;rhr gks tkus ij Hkh iSlksa ds vadjq ugha QwVAs /kjrh ij ?kkl
vkfn ds tks cht iM+s gksrs gSa o"kkZ dh fjef>e Qqgkjksa ls os Hkh vadqfjr gks tkrs gSaA vius le; ls
_rq;as vk;ha vkSj x;ha ij catj /kjrh us ,d Hkh iSlk ugha mxykA bl ckj fQj ls xgjs dkys&dkys
ckny vkleku ij Nk, vkSj /kjrh dks feyk dj x,A feV~Vh uje gks xbZ FkhA dfo us dksrwgy ds
o'khHkwr gksdj feV~Vh dqjns dj ?kj ds vkaxu esa lse ds dqN cht nck fn, FksA dfo ds 'kCnksa esa %&

iSlksa ds vadqj QwVus dk dfo dks cslczh ls bart+kj Fkk ij lse ds cht rks mls ef.k&ekf.kd dh rjg
/kjrh ds vkapy esa cka/kus Fks] lks cka/k fn, clA ;g NksVh lh ?kVuk ;kn djus yk;d ugha FkhA ;s
cht eerk ds rks Fks ij budks r`".kk ls ugha lhapk x;k FkkA lse ds vadqj QwV x, FksA ,d fnu
la/;k le; Vgyrs gq, dfo dh n`f"V mu ij iM+hA dfo mUgsa ,d Vd ns[krs jgsA mu vadjq ksa dk
dfo us cgqr lqanj o.kZu fd;k gS & dfo dks yxk dh mUgkasus NksV& s NksVs Nkrs rku j[ks gSaA dfo dh
dYiuk vR;ar lVhd gS o"kkZ_rq esa Nkrs dk fcEc vR;ar eueksgd gS ij dfo us izd`fr ds bu
NksVs&NksVs ikS/kksa esa thou dh vfHkO;fDr dh gSA dfo ds 'kCnksa esa %&

mUgsa ns[kdj dfo dks ,slk vuqHko gqvk fd os cgqr mYykflr gSaA 'kk;n vius vaMs rksM+ dj fpfM+;ksa
ds cPpksa dh rjg mM+ tkus ds fy, cspSu gSaA /khjs&/khjs ;g vadqj iÙkksa ls yndj >kfM+;ka cu x,A
dqN le; ds i'pkr vkaxu esa csy QSy xbZA vkaxu esa yxs ok<+ ds lgkjs os lkS >juksa ds leku
Åij dh vksj c<+us yxsA dfo ds 'kCnksa esa %&

yrk,a QSy xbZa muij NksV& s NksVs rkjksa tSls Qwy f[kys] lse dh Qfy;k¡ yxh tks cgqr lkjh FkhaA
dkQh le; rd lse dh Qfy;ka rksM+rs jgs vkSj [kkrs jgsA bl rjg gekjh HkkSfrd vko';drk,a
/kjrh iwjk djrh gSA /kjrh ekrk vius iq=kas dks fdruk vf/kd nsrh gS ! cpiu esa dfo us bl rF;
dks ugha le>k Fkk ojuk og ^cpiu esa fN% LokFkZ ykHko'k* iSls cksrs !
var esa dfo le> tkrs gSa fd /kjrh dk uke olq/kk D;ksa iM+kA og rks vusd jRuksa dks tUe nsrh gSA
ge tks cksrs gSa ogh ikrs gSaA gesa yksHk] ykyp vkSj LokFkZ dk ifjR;kx dj /kjrh esa mfpr chtkjksi.k
djuk pkfg,A /kjrh gesa gekjh vko';drk ls Hkh vf/kd nsxh /kjrh dks lekt dk izrhd ekudj
dfo dgrs gSa fd bles lPph lerk ds nkus cksus pkfg,A euq"; dh {kerk rFkk ekuo eerk ds nkus
cksus pkfg, vFkkZr ;fn ge /kjrh eka dk mfpr mi;ksx djsa rks gekjh lHkh t+:jrksa dks iwjk djus
dh {kerk mlesa gSA ij gekjs yksHk vkSj LokFkZ ds dkj.k gh fo'o esa oSeuL; gSA ekuork djkg mBrh
gSA fo"kerk dk Hkko gSA dqN yksx ykyp ds dkj.k vius ikl /ku bdV~Bk dj ysrs gSaA vukt ds
29
 xksnkeksa dks vf/kd ewY; ikus ds ykyp esa Hkj ysrs gSa ftlls /kjrh eka ds vU; iq= Hkkstu rd ls
oafpr jg tkrs gSaA vr% dfo lPph lerk] {kerk rFkk ekuork ds cht cksuk pkgrs gSaA

bl rjg ls Li"V gS fd ge tSlk cks;asxs oSlk gh ik,axsA dfork dh Hkk"kk [kM+h cksyh gSA mUgksua s fganh
dks dkseydkar dnkoyh ls gh foHkwf"kr ugha fd;k vfirq Hkk"kk esa ,d u, izdkj dk vkstLoh Loj Hkh
Hkjk gSA dfork dh vafre iafDr ds dkj.k dfork dk Loj ekuork dh vksj mUeq[k gks x;k gSA /kjrh
vius iq=ksa dk ykyu&ikyu djus dh iw.kZ {kerk j[krh gS] ij LokFkZ vkSj ykyp ds dkj.k lalkj esa
yM+kbZ&>xM+k] ekjdkV gksrh jgrh gSA vr% ekuork ds cht cksus pkfg, ßft;ks vkSj thus nksÞ gh
dfork dk lan's k gSA

(Saara Akash)
Question 10
^^ckcw th rqe eq>s vius gkFk ls tgj nsdj ekj Mkyks

esjk xyk ?kksV nks --------- eq>s ogka er Hkstks -----------AA**

(i) bl dFku dk oDrk dkSu gS \ mldk ifjp; nhft,A [1½]

(ii) mls dgka Hkstk x;k vkSj D;ksa \ le>kdj fyf[k,A [3]
(iii) csVh dh nqnZ’kk ns[kdj ekrk&firk dh D;k fLFkfr Fkh \ [3]
(iv) miU;kl ds vk/kkj ij rRdkyhu ukjh dh n’kk dk o.kZu dhft,A [5]

30
 (i) bl iz”u ds mŸkj esa ijh{kkfFkZ;ksa us ^oDrk* dk uke lgh fy[kk ij
mldk ifjp; flQZ ,d iafDr esa ^lej dh cgu ds :i esa* fy[kk
tcdh mlds ifjp; esa vkSj ckrsa Hkh fy[kh tk ldrh FkhA dqN
ijh{kkfFkZ;ksa us oDrk ds :i esa ^eqUuh* dh txg ^izHkk* dk uke
fy[kk A
(ii) blesa ^eqUuh* dks dgk¡ Hkstk x;k rks Li’V Fkk ij D;ksa Hkstk x;k]
;s Li’V ugha gks ik;k A
Ikjh{kkFkhZ ;s Li’V ugha dj ik, fd lkekftd e;kZnk ds dkj.k
rFkk firk dh ;s lksp fd vc eqUuh dk ifr lq/kj x;k gS & ds
dkj.k mls llqjky Hkstk x;kA
(iii) bl iz”u dk mŸkj ijh{kkfFkZ;ksa us Li’V ugha fd;k A mUgksaus
ekrk&firk ds fonh.kZ ân; dh fLFkfr dk vPNh rjg mYys[k ugha
fd;k A fo”ks’kdj vEek vkSj ckcwth ds dFku dk tgk¡ vEek
^eqUuh* dks v/kejk djds ;gk¡ Hkstus dh ckr dj jgh Fkh rFkk firk
mldh nwljh “kknh dh ckr dj jgs Fks vkSj vEek cnukeh ds Hk;
ls mudk fojks/k dj jgha FkhA
(iv) bl iz”u dks dbZ ijh{kkfFkZ;ksa us miU;kl dh ukjh ik=kvksa ls
lEcfU/kr djds ugha fy[kk oju~ vkt dh ukjh fdl rjg mRihM+u
dk f”kdkj gks jgh gS] dks lkekU; :Ik ls fy[k fn;k A lanHkZ dk
vHkko gksus ds dkj.k mŸkj iwjh rjg ls lgh ugha gks ik;k
d{kk esa oDrk ,oa Jksrk dk ifjp; fdl rjg
fy[kk tkuk pkfg,] ^ifjp;* pfj=fp=.k ls
fdl izdkj vyx gS] ;s Hkh crkuk pkfg, A
^ifjp;* esa fo”ks’kdj ml ik= fo”ks’k dh iwjh
tkudkjh nsuh pkfg,A blfy, ijh{kkfFkZ;ksa dk
ekxZ n”kZu t:jh gSA
dc] D;ksa] dgk¡ vkfn i{k lanHkZ ds lkFk vPNh
rjg Li’V fd, tk,a ftlls ijh{kkFkhZ lgh
dkj.k fy[k ik,aA eqUuh dks llqjky Hkstus ds
nks&rhu dkj.k Fks] mu lHkh ij ppkZ dh tk,
A ?kVukØe dh iwjh tkudkjh nh tkuh pkfg,A
ijh{kkfFkZ;ksa dks le>k,a fd os ekrk&firk ds
ml oDr ds dFku] tc eqUuh dk ifr mls ysus
vk;k Fkk] dks /;kuiwoZd i<+sa ,oa mudh ml
le; dh fLFkfr dk o.kZu djsa tc os u pkgrs
gq, Hkh lkekftd e;kZnkvksa ds Hk; ls tcjnLrh
eqUuh dks mldh llqjky Hkst jgs Fks A
ijh{kkfFkZ;ksa dks crk;k tk, fd iz”u esa miU;kl
ds vk/kkj ij rRdkyhu ukfj;ksa dh n”kk ij
izdk”k Mkyuk Fkk u fd lkekU; ukfj;ksa dh n”kk
fy[kuh Fkh A
ukjh ik=kvksa esa eqUuh] izHkk] HkkHkh bu lc dk
lanHkZ nsrs gq, mŸkj fy[kk tkuk pkfg,
FkkA^rRdkyhu* “kCn dk vFkZ Li’V fd;k tkuk
pkfg, A

MARKING SCHEME
Question 10
(i) bl dFku dh oDrk eqéh gS tks llqjky ls mRihfM+r vius ekrk&firk ds ikl jgrh gSA og
tksj&tksj ls jksrh gqbZ dgrh gS D;ksafd mlds ifr mls iqu% ysus vk, gSaA og fdlh Hkh dher
ij ogka ugha tkuk pkgrhA [kpsZ dk /;ku djds eqéh us dgk fd og fdlh dk pkSdk crZu dj
ysxh ;k dwV&ihl ysxh ij mls ogka er HkstksA
(ii) fcuk lwpuk fn, nks&<kbZ lky ckn vpkud eqéh ds ifrnso mls ysus vk, FksA [kkuk f[kyk
pqdus ds ckn ckcwth vanj vk, vkSj mUgksaus dgk] ßdy eqéh tk,xh] lqcg nl cts dh xkM+h
lsAÞ
lkjk ?kj ldrs dh gkyr eas vk x;kA vEek us ckcwth ls dkj.k tkuuk pkgkA ckcwth vEek
dh pkjikbZ ij cSB x,A uhps ykyVsu ds pkjksa vksj lc cSBs FksA
eqéh ,d vksj nhokj dk lgkjk fy, cSBh FkhA izHkk ogka ugha FkhA ckcw th us crk;k fd nkekn
cgqr ekQh ekax jgk FkkA mls viuh xyrh dk vQlksl gks jgk FkkA og dg jgk Fkk fQj dHkh
,slk ugha gksxkA vxj og dHkh ,slh ckr lqus rks dku idM+ ysA fcjknjh tks naM nsxh og
HkjsxkA og #vkalk lk gks x;k bl dkj.k mUgksua s gka dj nhA

31
 (iii) vEek us lkQ&lkQ dgk fd og viuh csVh dks ugha Hkstax
s As igys gh v/kejk dj fn;k vkSj
vc rks tku ls gh ekj MkysxkA ckcwth us mlls lkjh ckr lkQ&lkQ dj yh gSA vEek mudh
ckr ekuus dks rS;kj ugha FkhA ckcwth cgqr ijs'kku Fks os gkj x, Fks] mUgksaus mldh nwljh 'kknh
dh ckr dh ftldk tokc vEek us bl izdkj fn;k pys gSa] nwljh 'kknh dj nsrs gSaA lks lkjh
fcjknjh vkSj 'kgj gekjs tUe esa Fkwdrs fQjsa] D;ksa \ igys gh usdukeh QSyh gSA vPNh rqEgkjh
vk;Zlekft;ksa ds lkFk jg&jgdj vDy lfB;k xbZ gSAÞ
(iv) ys[kd eqéh dks vius ?kj esa lcls vHkkfxu ekurk gSA eqéh ds ekrk&firk mls i<+k jgs FksA
yksxksa ds dgus ij bruh cM+h dj yh gS fookg ugha djuk D;k \ bl rjg ds rkuksa dks
lqu&lqudj mUgksaus eqéh dh i<+kbZ chp esa gh NqM+okdj lksyg&l=g o"kZ dh mez esa mldk
fookg dj fn;kA tc og ek;ds vkbZ rks fcy[k&fcy[k dj jksrhA mldk ifr eqéh ls ukSdjkuh
dh rjg viuh vkSj ml j[ksy dh lsok djokrkA ek;ds esa vkdj eqéh rVLFk jgus yxhA vEek
,sls vkneh ds lkFk Hkstus ds i{k esa ugha FkhA blfy, cksyh %
ßvc ml pqM+Sy dk D;k gksxk \Þ
tc ifjokj esa irk gS og yM+dh dks ekSr dh dq,a esa Mky jgs] fQj Hkh os lekt dks egRo nsrs
gSaA fookfgr yM+dh ifjokj dks Hkkj yxrh gSA ;gh dkj.k gS fd miU;kl ds var esa eqéh dh
e`R;q dk rkj vkrk gSA

Question 11
lej dk eu vkRe&Xykfu ls dc Hkj x;k vkSj D;ksa \ le>kdj fyf[k,A [12½]

bl iz”u dk mŸkj ftu Hkh ijh{kkfFkZ;ksa us fy[kk os bls iwjh rjg

Li’V ugha dj ik, A lej dk eu dc vkReXykfu ls Hkj x;k bl
fo’k; ij lHkh ijh{kkfFkZ;ksa us vyx&vyx rdZ fn,A fdlh us flQZ
mls pk¡Vk ekjus okyh ?kVuk ls Li’V fd;k] rks fdlh us mlds Nr
ij jksus okyh ?kVuk ls tksMk+ A vf/kdka”k us vyx&vyx ?kVuk,¡
tSl&s lqgkxjkr ij izHkk ls u cksyuk] mls ek;ds ls Lo;a u ykuk]
[kkus esa ued T;knk gksus ij Fkkyh mBkdj iVdus vkfn dk o.kZu
rks fd;k ij lej dh vkReXykfu ds ckjs esa Li’V mYys[k ugha dj
ik,A fdl rjg izHkk dh le>nkjh] mldk ldkjkRed joS;k Hkh lej
dks vkReXykfu ls Hkjrk gS] bldk ftØ Hkh mŸkj esa ugha feyk A
bl rjg ds iz”u ds mŸkj esa mu lkjh ?kVukvksa
dk ftØ djus ds fy, dgsa ftlls lej dk eu
vkReXykfu ls Hkj mBk A blesa iwjs miU;kl dh
?kVukvksa ds vk/kkj ij dFku dh iqf’V dh tkuh
pkfg, rFkk fo”ks’k mnkgj.kksa }kjk mŸkj dks izHkkoh
cukus dh tkudkjh nsuh pkfg,A mlesa fdlh ,d
izlax fo”ks’k ij ppkZ ugha djuh Fkh A miU;kl ds
?kVukØe ij iz”u ds vuqlkj ppkZ djuh pkfg, A
fo”ks’kdj miU;kl ds ize[q k ik=ksa vFkkZr ^lej* vkSj
^izHkk* ds pfj= ls tqM+h gj ckr dk mYys[k Li’V
:Ik ls fd;k tkuk pkfg, A

32
 MARKING SCHEME
Question 11
lej us izHkk ls lqgkxjkr dks dksbZ ckr ugha dhA dkj.k] mlus izHkk ds O;ogkj dks viuk vieku
le>kA i<+h&fy[kh yM+dh lqgkxjkr dks ifr dk Lokxr uk djs mldh vf'k"Vrk FkhA lej ds vuqlkj
'kk;n lHkh ls lqanj vkSj i<+h&fy[kh gksus ds dkj.k mls ?keaM gks x;k FkkA nky esa ued rst gksuk
mldh ykijokgh dk izrhd gSA izHkk dks ek;ds Hksts N% eghus gks x, FksA lej us bl ckr dh ijokg
ugha dhA mls fyok ykus ds fy, ckcw th us lej ls dgk Fkk ij ml fnu og xqLls esa FkkA FkksM+h >sai
Hkh FkhA irk ugha mlus vius ?kj tk dj D;k dgk gksxk \ vej HkkHkh dks ysdj vk x;k mlus crk;k
fd ?kj ds lHkh yksxksa dh cqjkbZ dj jgs Fks ysfdu mlds ?kj okys lej dh cM+h iz'kalk dj jgs FksA mUgsa
lej dh i<+kbZ dh cM+h fpark FkhA iwN jgs Fks izHkk dks ys tkus ls i<+kbZ esa O;ko/kku rks ugha vk,xkA og
pkgrs Fks fd lej [kwc i<+sA lej ds eu esa ;g tkuus dh izcy bPNk mRié gks jgh Fkh fd izHkk us
mlds ckjs esa viuksa ls tkdj D;k dgk \ mls vius vuqfpr O;ogkj ij iNrkok gks jgk FkkA lej dh
vkdka{kk,a cgqr Åaph gSa vkSj og ukjh dks mlesa ck/kd ekurk gSA mls ,glkl gqvk fd mlds ikl
lqgkxjkr dks izHkk ls uk cksyus dk dksbZ Bksl dkj.k u FkkA mldk eu vkReXykfu ls Hkj x;k D;ksafd
mldk O;ogkj xyr FkkA
og izlé Hkh Fkk ;fn izHkk us mldh cqjkbZ dh gksrh rks vej ls os t:j dg nsrsA ml
le; mls vius ij Øks/k vk jgk Fkk fd mlus mldk eq[k Hkh ugha ns[kkA
HkkHkh vkSj eqéh dh vka[kksa ls cprk lej ckgj pyk x;kA lkjh fo"kkn vkSj fpark,a feV
xbZ FkhaA og lksp jgk Fkk fd izHkk lpeqp cgqr le>nkj gSA i<+h&fy[kh vkSj vui<+ esa ;gh varj gksrk
gSA nky esa ued mldh ?kcjkgV ds dkj.k T;knk iM+ x;k gksxkA tgka HkkHkh vkSj vEek tSls Hk;kud
vkykspd gksaxs ckS[kykuk lkekU; ckr gSA ml le; og mldk mis{kkiw.kZ O;ogkj vkSj i= u Mkyus dh
xqLrk[kh lc Hkwy x;kA vius LoHkko ds lac/a k es lej us dgk gS %&
ßvly esa eSa 'kq: ls gh cgqr tYnckt jgk gaw t+jk dksbZ ckr ns[kh fd
>V vius fopkj cuk MkysA ;g esjh cgqr cM+h det+ksjh gS -------AÞ
bl izdkj Li"V gS fd izHkk ds bl O;ogkj us mls vkReXykfu ls Hkj fn;kA izHkk us mls
le>k] mldh i<+kbZ&fy[kkbZ vkSj ijh{kk ds egRo dks le>kA izHkk us mlds O;ogkj dks ldkjkRed :i
esa fy;k vkSj mldh iz'kalk gh dhA vej us mlds ?kjokyksa dh vius lac/a k esa ckrsa lqudj rFkk lqgkxjkr
vkSj [kkuk cukus dh jLe okys fnu ds vius O;ogkj ij mls iNrkok gqvk vkSj og vkReXykfu ls Hkj
x;kA

Question 12
lkjk vkdk’k* miU;kl ds vk/kkj ij ukf;dk izHkk dk pfj=&fp=.k dhft,A [12½]

vf/kdka”k ijh{kkfFkZ;ksa us izHkk dk pfj= fp=.k Bhd ls fd;k ij dqN

ijh{kkfFkZ;ksa us izHkk dh flQZ rhu ;k pkj pkfjf=d fo”ks’krk,a gh fy[khaA
dqN ijh{kkfFkZ;ksa us pfj= fp=.k dh “kSyh esa bl iz”u dk mŸkj ugha
fy[kk A mUgksaus dgkuh dh rjg mŸkj fy[krs gq, dgha&dgha izHkk ds
ckjs esa ,d nks ckrsa fy[khaA
dqN ijh{kkfFkZ;ksa us bl iz”u dk mŸkj cgqr gh la{ksi esa fy[kk A
ijh{kkfFkZ;ksa dks le>k,a fd pfj= fp=.k dh
“kSyh dSlh gksrh gS \
lkFk gh ;g Hkh crk,a fd fdlh ik= dh de ls
de ik¡p ls Ng pkfjf=d fo”ks’krk,a vo”; fy[ksaA
bu fo”ks’krkvksa dh iqf’V dFkkud esa vk, m)j.kksa
;k mnkgj.kksa ls djsa A ek= dgkuh fy[kus ls
iz”u dk mŸkj lVhd ugha ekuk tk,xk A

33
 MARKING SCHEME
Question 12
miU;kl dh ukf;dk ^izHkk* i<+h&fy[kh efgyk gSA og lqanj] le>nkj] esgurh] egRokdka{kh ,oa dksey gSA
gekjs lekt esa yM+dh pkgs fdruh Hkh i<+h&fy[kh D;ksa uk gks fookg esa ekrk&firk dks ngst nsuk gh
iM+rk gSA ;fn og vPNk ngst ugha ykbZ rks mls rkus lquus gh iM+rs gSaA izHkk ftl fnu fonk gksdj
llqjky vkbZ] mlh fnu mlds lkeus okys ?kj esa ,d cgw us Lo;a dks vkx yxk yh FkhA mls irk pyk
fd mlds ifr lej fookg ugha djuk pkgrs FksA fookg ls iwoZ dh Fkdku] llqjky dk Hk;&bu lc
dkj.kksa ls Mjh gqbZ FkhA og igyh jkr lej ls ugha cksyh] rks lej dk Øks/k c<+ x;kA ftl efgyk dk
ifr uk cksys rks ifjokj ds vU; lnL;ksa dk dBksj O;ogkj lgrh jghA pqipki ?kj ds lkjs dkeksa dks
djrs gq, Hkh og lej dks dqN uk dgrh D;ksafd og ifjokj dh O;aX; Hkjh ckrksa ij /;ku nsrk FkkA mlds
inkZ uk djus ij ifjokj es gaxkek gksrkA izHkk n`<+ fu'p; FkhA og fdlh ls dqN Hkh dgus ij dksbZ
izfrfØ;k ugha djrh FkhA dke og mlh izdkj djrh Fkh ftl izdkj mldk eu pkgrk FkkA vius drZO;]
?kj ds dke&dkt ds izfr ltx jgrh FkhA

izHkk ds }kjk igyh ckj [kkuk cukus esa nky esa ued T;knk ij lej us Fkkyh dks Bksdj ekj nh] ;g ckr
eqéh us crk;h fd cM+h HkkHkh us tkucw>dj ued dh eqVB~ h Mky nh gS] ftldk ifj.kke og pqipki lgrh
gSA ?kj esa ,d eqéh gh izHkk ds izfr gennhZ j[krh gSA
izHkk pqipki lHkh vR;kpkj lgrs gq, ?kj ds dkeksa esa yxh jgrh FkhA mldk xksjk jax /khjs&/khjs dkyk
iM+rk x;kA ekal ds uke ij 'kjhj esa dsoy gfM~M;ka fn[kkbZ nsrh FkhA vEek th us mlds pfj= ij
ykaNu yxk fn;kA vHkh rd og lHkh vR;kpkj lgrh jgrh Fkh ij dHkh Hkh mls fdlh us vkalw cgkrs gq,
ugha ns[kkA ml fnu pfj= ij vkjksi yxk, tkus ds dkj.k og cqjh rjg VwV xbZ FkhA jkr dks ckgj ,d
dksus esa cSB dj jks jgh Fkh] rks dBksj ân; lej us dgk&dy fnu esa jks ysukA ckgj vksl esa rfc;r
[kjkc gks tk;sxhA
Vksu&s VksVds esa fo'okl u gksrs gq, Hkh vEek vkSj HkkHkh dk eu j[kus ds fy, lS;n ckck dh /kwuh vius
iYys esa cka/krh gSA lej ls cksypky ds ckn mldh lksp dk nwljk gh :i lkeus vk;kA og pkgrh Fkh
fd mldk ifr dksb izksQl s j ;k eSut s j gksA blfy, og pkgrh Fkh fd lej de ls de ,e- ,- i<+dj
vPNh ukSdjh izkIr djsA

(Aashad Ka Ek Din)
Question 13
^^;g yksduhfr gS eSa rks dgw¡xk fd yksduhfr vkSj ew[kZuhfr nksuksa dk ,d gh vFkZ gSA**
(i) mi;qZDr dFku dkSu] fdlls vkSj dc dg jgk gS \ [1½]
(ii) mi;qZDr okD; fdl lUnHkZ esa dgk x;k gS \ [3]
(iii) oDrk dk laf{kIr ifjp; nhft,A [3]
(iv) ^vk"kk<+ dk ,d fnu* ukVd dk mís’; fyf[k,A [5]

34
(i) vf/kdka”k ijh{kkfFkZ;ksa us bl iz”u dk mŸkj lgh fy[kkA dqN us
^oDrk* vkSj ^Jksrk* dk uke lgh fy[kk ij iz”u ds nwljs miHkkx
esa ^dc* dk mŸkj Li’V ugha fd;k A dqN us ^oDrk* dk uke lgh
fy[kk ij ^Jksrk* esa ^vfEcdk* dh txg ^efYydk* dk uke fy[k
fn;k A
(ii) ijh{kkFkhZ ;s ugha le> ik, fd okD; fdl lanHkZ esa dgk x;k gS]
os ^lanHkZ* “kCn dk vFkZ gh ugha tku ik, blfy, dbZ ijh{kkFkhZ;ksa
dk mŸkj xyr gks x;k A ftUgksaus ik=ksa dks igpkuus esa xyrh
dh] os vkSj vf/kd fo’k; ls gV x, A
(iv) oDrk dk uke xyr gksus ds dkj.k dbZ ijh{kkfFkZ;ksa us xyr
O;fDr@ik= dk fp=.k dj fn;kA dqN us ^Jksrk* dk laf{kIr
ifjp; fy[k fn;k A os ^oDrk* rFkk ^Jksrk* ds chp vUrj ugha
le> ik, A ij ftu ijh{kkfFkZ;ksa us oDrk dk uke lgh fy[kk]
mUgksaus ifjp; Hkh lgh fy[kk A
(v) Ikjh{kkFkhZ ukVd dk mÌs”; Li’V :Ik ls ugha fy[k ik, A mUgksaus
flQZ uk;d rFkk ukf;dk ds izse izlax rFkk vk’kk<+ ds ,d fnu
ls tksMd + j mls fy[kk] ftlds dkj.k os ckfj”k esa Hkhxrs
uk;d - ukf;dk ds vUreZu dh izlUurk] mudh laosnu”khyrk]
muds vUrZ}Un rFkk xk¡o okfl;ksa ds thou] mudh lknxh rFkk
fu”Nyrk dks mÌs”; ls tksM+ ugha ik, A
ijh{kkfFkZ;ksa dks ^fdlus*] ^fdlls* dgk ds lkFk
^dc* dgk dk vH;kl fofHkUu izlx a ksa }kjk ckj
ckj djokuk pkfg, rkfd os bl rjg dh
v”kqf);k¡ u djsa A ^oDrk* rFkk ^Jksrk* ds uke esa
Hkh fdlh rjg dh v”kqf) u djsa D;ksafd ik=ksa ds
uke xyr gksus ij iwjk mŸkj gh xyr gks tkrk
gS A
ijh{kkfFkZ;ksa dks ^izlx a * rFkk ^lanHkZ* dk vFkZ
le>k,a rkfd os lanHkZ Li’V djrs gq, iz”u dk
mŸkj lgh&lgh fy[k ldsa A
ijh{kkfFkZ;ksa dks le>k;k tk, fd ^oDrk* vkSj
^Jksrk* tc fdlh fo’k; ij] fdlh fo”ks’k le;
ij dksbZ ckr djrs gSa ;k ppkZ djrs gSa] rks og
ml ckr ;k ppkZ ds fo’k; dk lanHkZ dgykrk gS
A
d{kk esa i<+krs le; ^oDrk* rFkk ^Jksrk* dk vUrj
le>kuk pkfg, A ijh{kkFkhZ tc rd bu nksuksa
dk vFkZ ugha le>sax]s rks os lgh mŸkj ugha fy[k
ik,axas A ,sls esa lHkh lEcfU/kr iz”uksa ds mŸkj
xyr gksaxs A
mÌs”;*] ^f”k{kk* rFkk ^lUns”k* bu lc dk vFkZ
rFkk bUgsa fy[kus dh Hkk’kk”kSyh dh tkudkjh
ijh{kkfFkZ;ksa dks nsa A
ukVddkj viuh jpuk ds ek/;e ls gesa D;k
crkuk pkgrk gS] bl ckr dks dgkuh ds mÌs”;
ds :Ik esa le>k,a A gks lds rks ,d vkn”kZ mŸkj
ijh{kkfFkZ;ksa dks fy[kok fn;k tk, A

MARKING SCHEME
Question 13
(i) ;g dFku ekrqy us vafcdk ls dgk gSA ;g dFku ml le; dgk x;k gS tc ekrqy dkfynkl dks
[kkstrs gq, efYydk ds ?kj vkrk gSA og ogka vkdj ;g dgrk gS fd vkpk;Z oj#fp mls mTtSuh
ys tkus ds fy, vk, gSaA
(ii) ekrqy tc ;g crkrs gSa fd dkfynkl dks vkpk;Z oj#fp mTtSuh ys tkus ds fy, vk, gSa ysfdu
dkfynkl tkus ds fy, euk dj nsrs gSa rks vafcdk ;g lc lquus ds ckn dgrh gS fd og mTtSuh
vo'; tk,xkA D;kasfd lEeku izkIr gksus] lEeku ds izfr izdV dh xbZ mnklhurk O;fDr ds egRo
dks c<+k nsrh gSA og ekrqy ls dgrh gS fd rqEgsa rks izlé gksuk pkfg, fd rqEgkjk Hkkatk yksd uhfr
esa fuiq.k gSA
ekrqy vafcdk dk ;g dFku lquus ds ckn ;g dgrk gS fd lEeku ds izfr dkyhnkl
}kjk O;Dr dh tkus okyh mnklhurk ew[kZ uhfr dgyk,xh D;kasfd tks O;fDr lEeku ns jgk gS] og #"V
gks ldrk gSA lEeku djus dk fu.kZ; cny ldrk gSA

35
(iii) ^ekrqy* dkyhnkl dk ekek gS tks cqtqxZ O;fDr gS rFkk dkfynkl dk lja{kd gSA tc dkyhnkl
dks mTtSuh ls vkea=.k vkrk gS rks dkfynkl vueus Hkko ls badkj dj nsrk gS rc og efYydk ls
dgrk gS dh vxj jktdh; lEeku fey jgk gS rks mls ysus esa D;k ijs'kkuh gSA
ekrqy vfr okpky gS] og cksyus esa fuiq.k gSA og viuh ckr dks Li"V djds yksxksa ds
chp j[kuk tkurk gSA og O;ogkj dq'ky vkSj dksey ân; O;fDr gSA ekrqy efYydk dh n;uh;
voLFkk ns[k dj nq[kh gksrk gS vkSj f'kdk;r Loj esa dgrk gS fd mlus fiz;x
a qet
a jh }kjk nh xbZ
lgk;rk D;ksa ugha yh \ og mls dkfynkl ds laU;kl ysus dh lwpuk Hkh nsrk gSA ukVd ds var esa
mls cSlk[kh ds lkFk fn[kk;k gSA ;g fn[kkus dk iz;kl fd;k x;k gS fd fdl izdkj lkekftd
lØkafr ds ewY;ksa ds dkj.k mls varr% iaxq cukuk iM+rk gSA
(iv) %& cgqeq[kh izfrHkk ds /kuh] izfl) ukVddkj eksgu jkds'k }kjk fyf[kr ^vk"kk<+ dk ,d
fnu* uked ukVd dks vk/kqfud ;qx dk izFke ukVd dgk tk ldrk gSA izLrqr ukVd esa ukVddkj
us egkdfo dkfynkl ds futh thou dh viuh dYiuk izLrqr dh gSA ys[kd us bfrgkl vkSj
ikSjkf.kdrk ds ek/;e ls izkphu dky dh ckrksa dh ctk; orZeku leL;kvksa dks mBk;k gSA ys[kd
mís'; vkSj izkd`frd lkSan;Z dks n'kkZuk pkgrk gSA vk"kk<+ ds eghus esa o"kkZ_rq esa igkM+ksa dk lkSan;Z
euksgkjh gks tkrk gS ftlds QyLo:i dkfynkl tSls dfo dh jpuk,a thoar gks mBrh gSaA lezkV
foØekfnR; ds fuea=.k ij os mTtSuh rks pys tkrs gSa ij os xkao ds igkM+ksa dk lkSan;Z ugha Hkwy
ikrsA vk"kk<+ ds eghus esa ckfj'k esa Hkhxrs uk;d&ukf;dk ds vareZu dh izlérk ds lkFk gh xkao
ds yksxksa ds lkjs thou rFkk muds fu'py o Hkksysiu dks fn[kkuk ys[kd dk mís'; jgk gSA bl
;FkkFkZoknh ukVd ds ik=ksa ds ekufld o vkarfjd var}Za} us mudh laosnu'khyrk dks izdV fd;k
gSA vHkkoxzLr thou thrs gq, Hkh ukVd dh ukf;dk dk lkfgR; ds izfr izse o leiZ.k fn[kk;k gSA
bl ukVd esa efYydk dk fu%LokFkZ izse dkyhnkl dks egkdfo dkfynkl cuk nsrk gSA
vk"kk<+ dk ,d fnu jkds'k th ,d ,slh d`fr gS ftlesa oká rFkk vkarfjd ;FkkFkZ ds var}Za} dks
fn[kk;k x;k gSA ;gh bl ukVd dk mís'; gSA vius blh mís'; ds dkj.k gh ;g ukVd ukVî
ys[ku ds {ks= esa ,d egRoiw.kZ miyfC/k gSA bl ukVd dh izR;{k fo"k; oLrq dkfynkl ds thou
ls lacfa /kr gSA lkjh ?kVuk,a vk"kk<+ ds ,d fnu ij gh ?kVrh gSaA vr% dgk tk ldrk gS fd thou
ds var}Zan dks laons u'khyrk ds lkFk fn[kkdj n'kZdksa dks mudh vuqHkwfr djkuk gh bl ukVd ds
ukVddkj dk mís'; gSA

Question 14
efYydk ^vk"kk<+ dk ,d fnu* ukVd dh ,d egRoiw.kZ ik= gS] ftlds pfj= us lokZf/kd izHkkfor
fd;k gSA mldh pkfjf=d fo’ks"krkvksa dk o.kZu dhft,A [12½]

36
bl iz”u dk mŸkj ijh{kkfFkZ;ksa us vR;Ur laf{kIr :Ik ls fy[kk] lkFk
gh miU;kl dh ?kVukvksa dk vuko”;d o.kZu fd;k A efYydk dk
pfj=&fp=.k Li’V rks feyk fdUrq cgqr de pkfjf=d fo”ks’krkvksa
dk o.kZu fd;k x;k A dgha&dgha ijh{kkfFkZ;ksa us flQZ dgkuh fy[k
nh] chp chp esa dqN txg efYydk dh pkfjf=d fo”ks’krk,a Hkh vk
xbZa] ftls <wa<&<wa< dj fudkyuk iM+k A pfj= fp=.k dh “kSyh dk
vHkko jgk A dqN ijh{kkFkhZ dkQh vPNh rjg pfj= fp=.k djus esa
lQy jgs A
miU;kl ;k ukVd i<+krs le; ik=ksa dk o.kZu
mudk ifjp;] mudk O;fDrRo rFkk mudh
pkfjf=d fo”ks’krkvksa dk foLrkj ls mYys[k gksuk
pkfg, A de ls de vkB ls nl pkfjf=d xq.k
crk, tk,a rkfd ijh{kkFkhZ de ls de ik¡p&N%
fo”ks’krk,a ;kn j[k ik,a A lkFk gh mu
fo”ks’krkvksa ls tqM+s izlx
a Hkh mnkgj.k ds rkSj ij
fy[ks tk,a A
dgkuh dk lkj fy[k nsuk pfj= fp=.k dh
“kSyh ugha gS] ;s ckr fcYdqy vPNh rjg Li’V
djuh pkfg, A

MARKING SCHEME
Question 14

^vk"kk<+ dk ,d fnu* ukVî ik=ksa dh n`f"V ls Hkh ,d lQy ukVd gS D;kasfd ik=ksa dh
;kstuk dFkkud ds vuqlkj gSA eksgu jkds'k ds bl ukVd esa nks izeq[k ik= gSa] dkfynkl vkSj efYydkA
ftuesa efYydk dk pfj= ukVd ds lan's k dks vius esa lesVs gq, gSA ukVd dk ;g pfj= ukVd dk
izk.k gS] ftlesa dkfynkl o vU; ik=ksa ds lg;ksx ls ukVddkj ds mís'; dks iw.kZ djus esa egRoiw.kZ
Hkwfedk fuHkkbZ gSA efYydk ds pfj= dh vusd fo'ks"krk,a gSa] tks ukVd dks izHkko'kkyh cukus esa lgk;d
gSaA efYydk us vius pfj= dk cM+h lQyrk ls fuokZg fd;k gSA
efYydk ds pfj= dh izeq[k fo'ks"krk,a fuEuor gSa %
- ^vk"kk<+ dk ,d fnu* ukVd ds izkjaHk esa tc efYydk o"kkZ esa Hkhx dj vkrh gS vkSj
vafcdk ls izdf` r ds lkSan;Z dk o.kZu djrh gS izd`fr ls mlds izse dk vkHkkl gks tkrk gSA efYydk
izd`fr ds cgqr djhc gSA efYydk dk ;g dFku mldh izd`fr izse dks iznf'kZr djrk gSA
ßek¡] vkt ds os {k.k eSa dHkh ugha Hkwy ldrhA lkSan;Z dk ,slk lk{kkRdkj eSaus dHkh ugha
fd;kA tSls og lkSan;Z vLi`'; gksrs gq, Hkh ek¡ly gksAÞ
bl rjg efYydk dks es?k&ekykvksa ls vPNkfnr ioZr f'k[kjksa dks ns[kdj vius ru&eu
dh lq/k ugha jgrh gS tks mlds izd`fr izse dks izekf.kr djrk gSA
- efYydk us iwjs ukVd esa tgk¡ vko';drk iM+h gS] vius LokFkZ dks nj&fdukj
j[kdj fu.kZ; fd;k gS tks mlds varfuZfgr R;kx dh Hkkouk dks n'kkZrh gSA efYydk ukVd ds izkjaHk esa
Hkh vius fookg dh ckr dkfynkl ls uk djds dkfynkl dh izfrHkk dks iYyfor gksus dk iwjk volj
nsrh gSA bruk gh ugha] dkfynkl ds tkrs le; efYydk ,d ckj Hkh vius izse ds ik'k esa mls cka/kus

37
dk iz;kl ugha djrh vkSj vius ckjs esa fcuk dqN lksps mls tkus ds fy, izsfjr djrh gSA efYydk dk
;g dFku mldh R;kx dh Hkkouk dks Li"V djrk gSA og dkfynkl ls dgrh gS fd ßtkurh gw¡ fd
dksbZ Hkh js[kk rqEgsa ?ksj u ys rks rqe f?kj tkvksxAs esa rqEgsa ?ksjuk ugha pkgrhA blfy, dgrh gw¡ tkvksÞA
bl izdkj efYydk dkfynkl ds tkus ds le; vius LokFkZ dk iwjh rjg ls R;kx dj mls tkus ds fy,
izsfjr djrh gSA ogha nwljh vksj tc vafre n`'; esa cPph dks ysdj dkfynkl dks jksdus tkrh gS vkSj
cPph dk /;ku vkrs gh #d tkrh gS] ogka Hkh mldk R;kx gh iznf'kZr gksrk gSA
- efYydk] ftldk O;fDrRo ,d rjQ Hkkoqd vkSj dksey Hkkouk okyk gS ogha nwljh vksj
mlus dHkh Hkh viuh vkRe&lEeku dks vkgr ugha gksus fn;kA eqf'dy ifjfLFkfr esa gksrs gq, dHkh Hkh
fdlh ls n;k dh vis{kk ugha dh cfYd fiz;xqaeatjh dh rjQ ls dbZ ckj lgk;rk nsus ds ckn Hkh mls
Lohdkj ugha djrh vkSj vius LokfHkeku ls le>kSrk ugha djrh gSA ekrqy dk ;g dFku mlds pfj=
ds bl xq.k dks bl izdkj mn?kkfVr djrk gS &
ßfiz;xqaeatjh us rqEgkjs fy, dqN oL= vkSj Lo.kZ eqnkz ,a fHktokbZ Fkha] tks rqeus ykSVk nh \Þ
- efYydk ,d lPph izs;lh ds /keZ dk fuokZg djrs gq, fcuk fdlh vis{kk ds dkfynkl
dh izfrHkk dks fodflr gksus ds fy, dgha Hkh vius izse dks ck/kk ugha cuus nsrhA vafcdk ds dgus ij
fd ^fookg ds fy, rqe D;ksa ugha dgrh \* bl iz'u ds tokc esa efYydk dk dFku mlds lPps izse dks
iznf'kZr djrk gSA ßrqe mlds izfr lnk vuqnkj jgh gks] ek¡ !
------ ekrqy ds ?kj esa mudh D;k n'kk jgh gSA ml lk/kughu vkSj vHkkoxzLr
thou esa fookg dh dYiuk Hkh dSls dh tk ldrh Fkh \Þ
- efYydk dk thou dkfynkl ds tkus ds ckn iw.kZr;k la?k"kZi.w kZ jgkA izkjaHk esa ek¡ ds lkFk
fopkjksa dk la?k"kZ] dkfynkl ds tkus ds ckn nSfud thou esa la?k"kZ ds :i esa ifjf.kr gks tkrk gSA
efYydk us iwjs ukVd esa thou ls la?k"kZ fd;kA dHkh Hkh viuh bl voLFkk dk ftEesnkj fdlh dks ugha
Bgjk;kA varr% og ,d ohjkaxuk dk thou O;rhr djus ij foo'k gS] ijarq og dHkh ifjfLFkfr;ksa ds
le{k leiZ.k ugha djrhA
- efYydk cgqr Hkksyh o ljy ân; L=h gSA og yksxksa ds Ny&diV
ls nwj gSA fdlh dks uqdlku igqapkdj viuk ykHk ugha mBkuk pkgrhA og pkgrh rks dkfynkl dks
mTt;uh Hkstrs le; Lo;a tkus dh ftn djrh vFkok fookg dks dg ldrh Fkh ij mlus ,slk ugha
fd;kA og fiz;xaqeatjh ls Hkh bZ";kZ ugha djrh vfirq mls bl ckr dh fpark gS fd og mldk Bhd izdkj
ls lEeku ugha dj ik jgh gSA
og dgrh gS - ^eSa le> ugha ik jgh gwa fd fdl :i esa vkidk vkfrF; d:a \ vki vklu ys ysa
rks eSa vkids fy,-----A* og vius fy, dqN ugha pkgrhA og Hkkoukvksa esa thrh gSA tc fiz;xqaeatjh fdlh
jkT;f/kdkjh ls mldk fookg djokus dk izLrko j[krh gS rks og mls Hkh Lohdkj ugha djrhA fiz;x
a q ds

38
 ;g dgus ij ß--- rqEgkjs eu esa dYiuk ugha gS fd rqEgkjk viuk ?kj&ifjokj gks \Þ eka vafcdk dgrh gS
& ßblds eu esa ;g dYiuk ugha gS D;ksafd ;g Hkkouk ds Lrj ij thrh gSA blds fy, thou esa------AÞ
vr% ge dg ldrs gSa fd efYydk cgqr Hkksyh] ljy o Hkkoqd ân; gSA mldk thou d"Viw.kZ o dkaVks
Hkjk gSA ek¡ ds vLoLFk gksus ij og ek¡ dh lsok djrh gSA viuk laiw.kZ thou dkfynkl dh ;knksa ds
lgkjs O;rhr dj nsrh gSA var esa vius o ek¡ ds Hkj.k&iks"k.k ds fy, mls Lo;a dks gh thou&;K esa
lefiZr djuk iM+rk gSA bl izdkj efYydk ikBdksa dh lgkuqHkwfr cVksj ysrh gSA vkSj ukVd dh l'kDr
o izHkko'kkyh ik= cu tkrh gSA

Question 15
eksgu jkds’k }kjk fyf[kr ^vk"kk<+ dk ,d fnu* ukV~; ys[ku ds {ks= esa ,d egRoiw.kZ miyfC/k gSA
ukVd ds ’kh"kZd dh lkFkZdrk ij izdk’k Mkfy,A [12½]

flQZ dqN ijh{kkFkhZ gh ^vk’kk<+ dk ,d fnu* ukVd ds “kh’kZd dh

lkFkZdrk fl) dj ik, vU;Fkk vf/kdka”k Nk=ksa us flQZ ukVd dh
dFkkoLrq gh fy[k MkyhA “kh’kZd esa jkspdrk] laf{kIrrk] lkFkZdrk]
ftKklko/kZd] vkSfpR; tSls “kCn dgha fn[kkbZ ugha fn, A vf/kdka”k
ijh{kkfFkZ;ksa us iz”u ds igys Hkkx dk mŸkj ugha fy[kk] os bl ckr
ij izdk”k gh ugha Mky Ik, fd fdl izdkj ;g ukV~; ys[ku ds {ks=
esa ,d egRoiw.kZ miyfC/k gS A
ijh{kkfFkZ;ksa dks Li’V :Ik ls ;g crk;k tkuk
pkfg, fd “kh’kZd dh lkFkZdrk ds fy, dqN
“kCnksa tSls & “kh’kZd mfpr gS] lkFkZd] laf{kIr]
lVhd] /oU;kRed] f}vFkhZ gS Ackn esa mls
dgkuh dh ?kVukvksa ds lkFk tksM+dj “kh’kZd ds
vkSfpR; dks fl) djuk fl[kk,a A gj iz”u dk
mŸkj fy[kus dh ,d vyx dyk gksrh gS] flQZ
dgkuh dk lkj gh lHkh iz”uksa dk lgh mŸkj
ugha gS] bl ckr ls Hkh voxr djk,a A
gj jpukdkj ds fy, ftruh egRoiw.kZ mldh
jpuk gksrh gS] mruk gh egRoiw.kZ gksrk gS mldk
“kh’kZd A vr% “kh’kZd ds vkSfpR; dks izekf.kr
djus ds fy, rF;ksa dk lgkjk ysus ds fy,
ekxZn”kZu djsa A

MARKING SCHEME
Question 15
'kh"kZd dh lkFkZdrk %
ukVdksa esa ;qxhu leL;kvksa dk fp=.k djrs gq, mudk lek/kku djus dk Hkh iz;kl fd;k tkrk gSA ekuo
thou dh ltho] ewrZ ,oa izR;{k >kadh tSlh ukVdksa esa fn[kkbZ tkrh gS] og nwljh fo/kkvksa esa dfBu gSA
turk eas tkx`fr dk lapkj djus esa ukVdksa dh Hkwfedk izeq[k jgrh gSA ukVd esa n`';ksa vkSj vfHku; ds
vk/kkj ij jaxeap ij ,sls okrkoj.k dk fuekZ.k fd;k tkrk gS ftls ns[kdj n'kZd vkRekfoLe`r gks tkrk
gSA ;gh vkRekfoLe`fr gh ukVd dh lQyrk dgykrh gSA fdlh ukVd dh lQyrk vkSj vlQyrk ml
ukVd ds fuekZ.k esa iz;Dq r rRo ds lQy la;kstu ls gh gksrh gSA

39
ßvk"kk<+ dk ,d fnuÞ ukVd dk 'kh"kZd lkFkZd gS D;ksfa d blesa 'kh"kZd ds lHkh xq.kksa dks lekos'k gSA 'kh"kZd
ftKklko/kZd gS ftls lqudj ;g tkuus dh bPNk gksrh gS fd vkf[kj vk"kk<+ ds ,d fnu D;k gksrk gS \
bl ukVd dh lkjh ?kVuk,a 'kh"kZd ds bnZ&fxnZ ?kwerh gSA izR;sd vad dk vkjaHk blh fnu ls gksrk gSA
ukVd ds rhu vad gaS vkSj rhuksa vadksa dh lekfIr ij dkfynkl efYydk dks NksM+dj pyk tkrk gSA
vk"kk<+ ds igys fnu o"kkZ gksrh gS rc mTtSuh ds jktk vkpk;Z oj#fp dks dkfynkl dks ykus ds fy,
Hkstrs gSa vkSj vk"kk<+ ds gh fnu dkfynkl efYydk ds le>kus ds mijkar mTtSuh tkus ds fy, rS;kj
gksrs gSa vkSj vk"kk<+ ds fnu gh dkfynkl efYydk dks NksM+ dj pys tkrs gSaA ukVd ds nwljs vad dk
izkjaHk fu{ksi vkSj efYydk dh ckrphr ls gksrk gSA mlh le; fu{ksi dkfynkl dks tkrs ns[krk gSA
jafxuh&lafxuh vuqLokj vkSj vuqukfld dk vkxeu gksrk gSA og dqN le; ds fy, ukVd ij O;aX;kRed
izHkko NksM+rs gSaA fiz;xaqeatjh dk vkxeu gksrk gS tks efYydk ds fookg vkSj ?kj ds ifjlaLdkj dh ckr
djrh gSA fiz;axq tc efYydk ls feyrh gS rks ;gka dh lqanjrk ns[krh jg tkrh gSA og efYydk ls dgrh
gS & ß;gka ls cgqr nwj rd dh ioZr rd Ük`a[kyk,a fn[kkbZ nsrh gSa---- fdruh fuO;kZt lqanjrk gSAÞ ukVd
ds rhljs vad esa ,d ckj fQj ogh vk"kk<+ dk fnu gS] o"kkZ gks jgh gS vkSj ,d ckj fQj dkfynkl dk
vkxeu gksrk gSA o"kkZ vkSj es?k dk xtZu lqukbZ nsrk gSA ekrqy Hkhxs oL=ksa esa cSlk[kh ds lgkjs pyrk
gqvk vkrk gSA o"kkZ ls cpus ds fy, efYydk ds ?kj dk lgkjk ysrk gSA og efYydk ls dgrk gS fd ;g
vk"kk<+ o"kkZ rks mlds fy, dky gks jgh gSA ekrqy efYydk dks crkrk gS fd mlus lquk gS fd dkfynkl
us laU;kl ys fy;k gS vkSj og dk'kh pyk x;k gSA efYydk dks yxrk gS fd ;g lR; ugha gks ldrkA
ekrqy ds tkus ds ckn og Hkkoukvksa esa cg tkrh gSA fctyh pedrh gS] es?k&xtZu lqukbZ nsrk gSA ogh
vk"kk<+ dk fnu gSA es?k xjt jgs gSa] o"kkZ gks jgh gS] dkfynkl {kr&fo{kr }kj ij [kM+k gSA og o"kksaZ esa
Hkhxk gqvk gSA og efYydk ls dgrk gS &
ßefYydk ! eq>s o"kksaZ igys ;gka ykSV vkuk pkfg, Fkk rkfd ;gka o"kkZ esa Hkhxrk] Hkhxdj fy[krk&og lc
eSa tks vc rd ugha fy[k ik;k vkSj tks vk"kk<+ ds es?kksa dh rjg o"kksaZ ls esjs vanj ?kqeM+ jgk gSAÞ
efYydk dkfynkl ds Hkhxs oL=ksa dks ns[kdj fpark O;Dr djrh gS rks dkfynkl dgrk gS] ßesjs Hkhxs gksus
dh fpark er djksA tkurh gks] bl rjg Hkhxuk Hkh thou dh ,d egRodka{kk gks ldrh gS \ o"kksZa ds ckn
Hkhxk gw¡A vHkh lw[kuk ugha pkgrkAÞ
dkfynkl vius var}Za} dh ihM+k dks efYydk ds lkeus j[krk gS fd mlus lkspk Fkk] ;gka ls tkdj og
/khjs&/khjs vius eu vkSj ifjfLFkfr;ksa dks o'k esa dj ysxk ysfdu ,slk uk gks ldk vkSj og ,d fnu iw.kZ
:i ls VwV x;kA dkfynkl ds 'kCnksa esa & ßijarq eSa ;g Hkh tkurk Fkk fd eSa lq[kh ugha gks ldrkA eSaus
ckj&ckj vius dks fo'okl fnykuk pkgk fd deh ml okrkoj.k esa ugha gS] eq>esa gSA eSa vius dks cny
ywa rks lq[kh gks ldrk gwaA ijarq ,slk ugha gqvk u eSa cny ldk] u lq[kh gks ldkA ßefYydk mls vius
gkFk ls rS;kj fd, x, iés fn[kkrh gS tks mlds vkalqvksa vkSj Losnd.kksa ls eSys gks x;s FksA os efYydk
ds lai.w kZ fojg o O;Fkk dh dgkuh dg jgs FksA og efYydk ds lkeus u, thou dks izkjaHk djus dk
izLrko j[krs gSa mlh le; Hkhrj ls cPph ds jksus dh vkokt lqudj grizHk jg tkrk gSA rHkh }kj ij
40
yM+[kM+krk gqvk foykse izo's k djrk gSA foykse efYydk ls O;aX; iwod
Z vfrfFk dk lRdkj djus ds fy,
dg dj ykSV tkrk gSA
vkt Hkh vk"kk<+ dk fnu gS] ckgj es?k cjl jgs gSa] dkfynkl dks vk"kk<+ dk og iqjkuk fnu ;kn gks
vkrk gS tc og vkgr gfj.k'kkod dks ysdj efYydk ds ikl mipkj ds fy, yk;k FkkA mls ml fnu
dk lkjk okrkoj.k oSlk gh fn[kkbZ nsrk gSA efYydk iwNrh gS & ßrqe dg jgs Fks fd rqe fQj vFk ls
vkjaHk djuk pkgrs gksAÞ
dkfynkl dgrk gS fd le; bPNk ls 'kfDr'kkyh gS D;ksafd og fdlh dh izrh{kk ugha djrkA ckgj
fctyh ped jgh gS] es?k&xtZuk lqukbZ ns jgs gSaA Hkhrj ls cPps ds jksus dh vkokt lqudj efYydk mls
ysus pyh tkrh gS vkSj dkfynkl >jks[ks rd vkdj xzaFk dks mBkrk gSA fQj xzaFk ogh j[kdj py nsrk
gSA efYydk dkfynkl dks ogka uk ns[k dj cPph dks xksn eas fy, ihNs nkSM+rh gS] ij cPph dks ns[kdj
#d tkrh gSA vk"kk<+ ds fnu dh rjg efYydk dh vka[kksa ls o"kkZ dh >M+h yx tkrh gSA
bl izdkj ;g ukVd vk"kk<+ ds fnu ls izkjaHk gksdj vk"kk<+ ds fnu ij gh lekIr gksrk gSA 'kh"kZd dks
i<+dj ikBdksa esa mRlqdrk tkxrh gS tks var rd cuh jgrh gSA vr% dg ldrs gSa fd 'kh"kZd iw.kZr;k
lkFkZd gSA

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 fucU/k & (iii) i;ZVu m|ksx rFkk lkaLd`frd /kjksgjksa ds cpko ds mik; A
x|ka”k & (i) e/;e ekxZ dk vFkZ ugha le> ik, A
okD; “kqf) &(iv) ^lkfgR; vkSj lekt dk ?kksj lEcU/k gS* esa os lgh “kCn ugha
fy[k ik, A
eqgkojs & (iii) ^flj mBkuk* dh vf/kdka”k ijh{kkfFkZ;ksa us lEekuiwoZd thus ds
vFkZ esa fy;k A
(iv) ^pk¡nh gksuk* eqgkojk Hkh ijh{kkFkhZ le> ugha ik, A

x| ladyu &(6) ^laLd`fr* ls lEcfU/kr iz”u Nk=ksa ds fy, dfBu jgk A

7-(iii) ^ek;k&fccl fcpkjs* iafDr dk Hkko dfBu jgk A
(8) dchjnkl th dk dfo ,oa mins”k dk Lo:Ik] /kkfeZd ckákMEcjksa dk fojks/k A
(11) lej dk eu vkReXykfu ls Hkjus dk dkj.k A
(15) ^vk’kk<+ dk ,d fnu* ukV~; ys[ku esa egRoiw.kZ miyfC/k A

^leh{kk* “kCn A
^ek;k&fccl* dkSu gS \ ;s Hkh ijh{kkFkhZ le> ugha ik, A ^jke* rFkk
^Hkxoku* “kCnksa esa vLi’VrkA
^rRdkyhu ukjh* “kCn Hkh vLi’V jgk A ftl le; ;g miU;kl fy[kk
x;k Fkk ml le; ukfj;ksa dh D;k fLFkfr Fkh] mlds ctk; ijh{kkfFkZ;ksa us
vkt dh ukjh dh fLFkfr fy[k nh A
^jax p<uk* dk Hkh fo”ks’k vFkZ Li’V ugha jgk A

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viuh ikB~; iqLrdksa dks /;ku ls i<+uk pkfg,A dfBu “kCnksa ,oa
O;k[;s; izlaxksa ds ckjs esa vius v/;kidksa ls iwjh tkudkjh ysuh
pkfg, A
lHkh laHkkfor iz”uksa dks /;ku esa j[krs gq, ml ij ppkZ djuh
pkfg,A fdlh rjg dk la”k; gks rks v/;kid ls ckj&ckj iwNuk
pkfg, A
iqujko`fŸk djrs le; eq[; fcUnqvksa dks js[kkafdr djuk pkfg, A
dgkuh rFkk miU;kl ds ik=ksa ds uke] ifjp; rFkk pkfjf=d
fo”ks’krkvksa dks Hkyh Hkk¡fr le>dj ;kn djuk pkfg, A
fy[kdj iz”uksŸkjksa dk vH;kl djuk pkfg, rkfd orZuh lEcU/kh
v”kqf);ksa dks lq/kkjk tk ldsA
dfo;ksa rFkk ys[kdksa dh thouh] vPNs fucU/k rFkk izfrfnu ikB i<+us
dh vknr Mkyuh pkfg,A
fo’k; dks xaHkhjrk ls ysuk pkfg, A oSdfYid fo’k; le>dj bls
gYds ls ugha ysuk pkfg, A
fo|kFkhZ dks ikB ?kj ls i<+dj vkuk pkfg, rFkk d{kk esa i<+rs le;
viuh Hkkxhnkjh ntZ djuh pkfg, A
vius lgikfB;ksa ds lkFk] i<+kbZ ij] ifBr fo’k; ij fofHkUu igyqvksa
dks ysdj ckr&phr djuh pkfg, A
xr o’kZ ds iz”ui= rFkk vkn”kZ iz”u i= dk fy[kdj vH;kl djuk
pkfg, A
le; lkfj.kh cukuh pkfg,] mldk ;Fkkor~ ikyu djuk pkfg,A
ijh{kk nsrs le; lHkh iz”uksa ds fy, fu/kkZfjr fd, x, le; dk
v{kja”k% ikyu djuk pkfg, rkfd dksbZ iz”u NwV u tk, A
vPNs fucU/k ys[ku ds fy, x.kekU; ys[kdksa dh iqLrdsa i<+uh
pkfg,A
vifBr x|ka”k dk Hkh fyf[kr vH;kl djuk pkfg, A x|ka”k ds
lHkh fcUnqvksa ij iz”ukuqlkj izdk”k Mkyuk pkfg,A
eqgkojksa ds lgh iz;ksx ds fy, fofHkUu xfrfof/k;ksa dk lgkjk ysdj
fo’k; dks vPNh rjg le>uk pkfg, A
okD; “kqf) dk vH;kl ekSf[kd :i ls iz”uksŸkjh }kjk rFkk fyf[kr
:Ik ls dkWfi;ksa vFkok “;keiÍ ij djuk pkfg,A
iz”uksŸkj rFkk fucU/k ys[ku esa mnkgj.kksa ] izeq[k iafDr;ksa ;k m)j.kksa
dk iz;ksx djuk pkfg, A

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