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Solid balance sheet coupled with revival of growth to propel RoCE and free cash generation Avg. Daily Vol.
1079
Bata has a strong balance sheet with zero debt and cash constituting ~35% of the overall balance BSE/NSE :(‘000):
sheet. With growth revival, followed by marked improvement in margin (estimate 250 bps operating
Promoter
profit margin improvement over FY18-21), the core RoCE is likely to expand to 42.4% by FY21 from 52.96
Holding (%)
32% currently. Over the next 3 years, we estimate Bata to generate an aggregate of INR 670 cr free
cash.
Outlook and valuations: High quality proxy to play robust footwear demand; initiate with ‘BUY’
We believe that a high quality consumer brand in the growing fast fashion footwear category taking
all the right initiatives to drive growth, improve brand strength and propel earnings is likely to trade
akin to the leader in the consumer space, thus assign 42x PER multiple to FY21 earnings to arrive at
our medium term price target of INR 1,500. Further this high quality consumer brand has all the
potent ingredients in place for further surprise on growth levers, which we believe makes it a
compelling compounding story to be played over long term time frame
Structure ............................................................................................................................. 3
I. Bata: Market leader with products across categories and segments .............................. 8
II. Bata in the right cycle; making right moves resulting in revival of its growth phase ..... 10
III. Asset-light balance sheet + improved margin to lead to strong core RoCE expansion 24
Timeline .............................................................................................................................. 18
Financials ............................................................................................................................ 30
FY18 FY19 FY20E FY21E FY18 FY19 FY20E FY21E PER FY21E EPS CMP/Target
Revenue 2,641 2,968 3,450 3,984 ROE (%) 16% 18.7% 18.9% 18.6% 42x 36 1500
EBITDA Core ROCE
13.3 16.3 -17.2 17.2 32.4% 40.6% 42.6% 42.4%
margin (%)
PAT 221 312 391 462
EPS growth of 28% over FY18-FY21 FY21E – core RoCE of 42.4% 42x FY21EPS of 36
Upside of 20%
Bull Case
Market leader on the
cusp of revival and INR 1800 Based on revenue CAGR of 14.7%, EBITDA margin of 18% and applying P/E multiple of 50x
growth curve to trade
at 50x FY21E earnings
Base Case
Bata valued at 42X
Based on revenue CAGR of 14%, EBITDA margin of 17.2% and applying PEG of 1.8x (implied
FY21E; discount to INR 1500
PER at 42x FY21E)
leaders
Bear Case
Bata to trade at a
steep discount to INR 950 Based on revenue CAGR of 11%, EBITDA margin of 15% and applying P/E of 32x FY21E
consumer staples at
32x FY21
Disproportionate We envisage Bata to clock industry-leading growth driven by: a) rejig of top management; b) parent
Future company’s sharpened focus on the India market; and c) management’s cost rationalisation initiatives.
Business Strategy With an eye on bolstering its brand’s strength and perception among young consumers, Bata has: i)
& Planned overhauled its product range; ii) revitalised visual displays; and iii) reworked its brand communication
Initiatives strategy. This, management believes, will boost footfalls & conversion and spur same store sales growth.
Bata’s earnings are estimated to post 28% CAGR over FY08-21 driven by: a) 14.7% revenue CAGR over FY18-
Near-Term 21E; and (b) 390bps margin expansion over FY18-21E led by cost rationalisation & operating leverage.
Visibility Moreover, the asset-light business model is estimated to result in core RoCE expanding to 42.4% in FY21
from 32.8% currently.
Over the long term, given Bata’s leadership and management’s potent initiatives to get back its mojo, the
Long-Term
company’s performance is likely to grow in line with the industry at ~14-15%, along with superior RoCE and
Visibility
high free cash generation.
Inventory mismanagement on account of SKU and new product introduction, risk of new merchandise failing
Near Term Risk
to appeal to younger customers.
15 1800
1600
1400
1200
No. od EBO's
1000 Khadim Bata
12.7 Liberty
800
Metro
600
400 Relaxo
200
FY14-17 FY17-20 0 Mirza
-200 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700
23.6%
Bata
Mid-premium Bata Bata comfit Marie Claire
Bata 11.4%
(Rs 1,500)-3,500) Power Bata comfit
Mocassino North Star North Star Bata
Reebok Catwalk
Metro Red Tape Catwalk Metro
Metro
Bubblegummers
Value/Mass Sandak Footin
Bata Sparx
segment Relaxo Bata & I Relaxo Liberty
Liberty Liberty
(< 1,500) Liberty Relaxo
Bata India
Growth Engine
22% 23%
19%
16%
Impacted by micro + Macro 15%
15%
14% challenges 13%
10.61% 11% 11%
9%
Trending towards
6%
4% growth
3% 6 years of double digit growth 3% 2%
2%
FY04 FY05 FY06 FY7 FY8 FY9 FY10 FY11 FY12 FY13 FY14 FY15 FY16 FY17 FY18 FY19E FY20 FY21
Employee Cost
Rental
Other Overheads
FY21 OPM
Gross Profit Margin
spent
Operating margin rentals, re calibrate store size, etc. Identified and Addressing
5 pressures
Control Overheads
Strong balance sheet; with 40% in cash ..and robust core RoCE; likley to grow further
700 50.0%
600 42.6% 42.4%
40.0% 40.6%
500
32.4%
400 30.0%
25.6% 26.9%
300 20.0%
200
10.0%
100
- 0.0%
FY15 FY16 FY17 FY18
Cash and Bank % cash to balance sheet size FY16 FY17 FY18 FY19E FY20E FY21E
a. Bata India – Strong distribution moat ; presence across 1400 stores in 550-600 cities
Bata India is the only player in the organized footwear space with an exclusive EBO led model of
1400 stores, spread across 550-600 towns and cities. We believe this exclusive owned distribution
spread is the greatest moat of the company.
1800
Charles & Keith
1600
Aldo
1400
Clarks India
1200 Catwalk
Bata Nike
1000
No. od EBO's
Khadim
Liberty Puma
800
Adidas
Metro
600 Relaxo
400 Liberty
Relaxo
Metro
200
Khadim
Mirza
0 Bata
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700
-200 0 500 1000 1500
Cities Presence (Reach)
No of Stores
Source: Edelweiss Professional Investor Research
Bata
Mid-premium Bata Bata
Bata comfit Marie Claire
(Rs 1,500)-3,500) Mocassino Power Bata comfit
North Star North Star Bata
Reebok Catwalk
Metro Red Tape Catwalk Metro
Metro
Bubblegummers
Value/Mass Sandak Footin
Bata Power
segment Relaxo Bata & I Relaxo Liberty
Liberty Sparx
(< 1,500) Liberty Relaxo
Liberty
- 0%
FY03 FY04 FY05 FY06 FY7 FY8 FY9 FY10 FY11 FY12 FY13 FY14 FY15 FY16 FY17 FY18 FY19E FY20E FY21E
NetSales % growth
800 20
17
700 17
16
15 16 15 15 15
600 13 13
12 12
11 11
500 10
9
400 7
6 5
300
3
200 0 0
100
-5
0 -6
FY03 FY04 FY05 FY06 FY7 FY8 FY9 FY10 FY11 FY12 FY13 FY14 FY15 FY16 FY17 FY18 FY19E FY20E FY21E
-100 Core Operating profit opm (%) -10
10
Currently, Alexis Nasard is the CEO of Bata global and comes with 24 years’ experience in the consumer
goods business and six years’ experience in Heineken. He heads the business since August 2016. This is for
Alexis Nasard Global CEO the first time that Thomas Bata has inducted some body from outside to lead the company. The current CEO
has visited India a couple of times and has maintained that India is one of the most important markets for
Bata.
Sandeep Kataria was inducted and elevated to CEO’s position at the India level in order to drive the brand’s
equity strength, improve customer engagement and marketing quotient to contemporise the brand’s image.
Sandeep Kataria has strong academic background (IIT Kanpur+ XLRI Jamshedpur) and rich experience in the
Sandeep Kataria CEO
consumer industry. His previous assignments include Vodafone India, Yum brands and Unilever. He was
inducted as country manager in August 2017 and within three months was elevated to the CEO’s office to
handle revenue growth and brand rejuvenation.
The CFO Mr. Ram Kumar Gupta (R.K. Gupta) has rejoined Bata. He has been associated with the company
since 1986 and has worked in different positions. In August 2015, he was Director-Finance, before he
Executive Director relocated to Kenya as Director- Finance of Bata Shoe Kenya. R.K. Gupta is one of the key people involved in
Ram Kumar Gupta
Finance and CFO Bata’s major restructuring over 2005-12. Post rejoining Bata, despite macro setbacks like demonetisation
and GST hitting the entire domestic consumption space, R.K. Gupta has managed to undertake a slew of cost
rationalisation initiatives which have led to earnings growth.
Rajeev Gopalakrishnan has been President of Asia South at Bata India since August 1, 2017, and serves as its
President of Asia Managing Director. He served as the CEO and Managing Director of Bata India from October 1, 2011 to
Rajeev
South at Bata August 1, 2017. He has been associated with Bata since the start of his career and has served in various
Gopalakrishnan
India Limited positions including Managing Director of Bata Bangladesh. He holds a Bachelor of Engineering (Mechanical)
degree from the University of Kerala.
Head Visual Design graduate from New Delhi- 1998 Batch ; Has worked in senior position across industry with over 20
Deepak Chakravarty Merchandising & years’ experience His experience includes working in companies like ITC and Adidas group as head
Retail Marketing merchandising
Anand Narag has been roped in from Reliance Jio. He will be taking care of marketing and customer
service/loyalty at Bata. His mandate is to drive footfalls in stores and create clutter-breaking campaigns. He
Anand Narag VP Marketing will also be closely looking at customer behaviour to strengthen the brand—customer interactions and hence
drive category business. Anand Narag has over two decades of experience and has worked with big
companies such as Nokia, Huawei Technologies, Bharti Airtel and Comverse.
11
12
It has refreshed its products in various categories – In power it has launched power walking
collection with memory foam, trendy power shoes for women.
It introduced new stylish range of ladies footwear under the new collection naming the same as
the Red label collection
Under the Hush puppies brand, further premiumization and range is being added towards higher
price points
New launches in the youth oriented spaces under its brands like Power, Weinbrenner, Footin etc
13
However, over FY13-Y17, Bata under-invested in brand building and communication—ad spends
largely remained range bound at 0.9-1.0% of sales. But, over the past 12-18 months, the company
has made efforts to improve its marketing quotient along with improvement in product offerings—
advertisement cost to sales increased from less than 1.0% to 1.5% in FY18.
0 0.0%
FY07 FY08 FY09 FY10 FY11 FY12 FY13 FY15 FY16 FY17 FY18
For 9MFY19, Bata has spent around INR 50 crores (2-2.5%) of its revenue towards advertisement
and brand building, which has resulted in strong footfalls and better conversion, visible in the last
six months revenue performance. For Q3FY19, Bata reported a Same store Sales growth of 12%.
Enthused by the response on the revamped positioning,, the company has upped its ante further
and for FY20, it aims to increase its advertisement and brand building spent to around 3%, to further
drive revenue, and enhance its brand image.
14
4.7 4.8
4.4
3.8 3.9
3.4
2.8 3.0
2.0 1.8
HAVELLS
ABFRL
BATA
METRO
ASIAN PAINTS
SHEELA FOAM
RELAXO Footwear
TRENT
TITAN
FOODWORKS
JUBILANT
Source: Edelweiss Professional Investor Research
It has roped in bollywood actress Kirti Sanon as its brand ambassador for fashion forward women’s
footwear. It has also appointed Smriti Mandhana (India’s youngest woman cricketer) as the
ambassador for its sports brand Power. In men’s footwear, while the company is still largely known
for its formal range, the shifting trend in favour of casual footwear has led to the company
improving its range in the latter; to communicate the same, it has roped in bollywood actor Sushant
Rajput as brand ambassador.
15
The bigger stores provide a complete range of products, further with enhanced visual merchandise
and improved product placement the store and the shopping experience improves manifold for a
customer. All this aids to higher revenue and better margins
It aims to continue its expansion spree and has guided to add around l 100 stores. Of these, ~50
will be company owned & operated and balance 50 will follow the new franchisee store model
which Bata is exploring to reach out in tier 3 & 4 towns and cities.,
Along with opening new stores, it would also continue to renovate existing stores and improve
layouts with the objective of increasing same store sales growth.
By FY21, we expect Bata to reach 1575 stores with an aggregate 3.4mn sqft area
1800 4.0
1575
1600 1510
1445 3.5
1400
1400 1295
1235 3.4 3.0
1200
(No. of Stores)
3.0 2.5
1000
2.4 2.0
800
1.5
600
400 1.0
200 0.5
0 -
FY16 FY17 FY18 FY19E FY20E FY21E
Overall Total Retail space (mn sq ft)
We believe, Bata’s efforts to: (a) improving product portfolio; (b) enhance visual merchandising,
look & feel of its stores; and (c) improvement in communication & marketing layout, will boost
footfalls & higher conversion and lead to double digit revenue growth.
16
17
23.6%
17.8%
11.4%
This segment contributes 26% to Bata’s revenue as the company was largely focused on the men’s
segment. Over the past three years, it has started focusing on this category and aims to take its
share to 35%. We believe this strategy, underpinned by appropriate customer engagement, better
products and wise pricing, will fetch rich returns.
Bata is focusing on this huge market with its Bubblegummer brand and expects strong traction
from this category. Kids contribute less than 9% to Bata’s revenue, which it envisages to
increase to ~11%.
18
19
20
1,100 800
1,000 900
450
500 360
300 250 250
Adidas Puma Nike Reebok Power Bata Power Adidas Puma Nike Reebok
Bata India
Growth Engine
We estimate Bata to post 14.7% revenue CAGR over FY18-21 driven by high single digit same store
sales growth and an annual 60 new store additions.
(%)
2,000 -
(5.0)
1,000
(10.0)
- (15.0)
FY16 FY17 FY18E FY19E FY20E FY21E
21
Brand wise revenue mix (%) Price wise revenue mix (%)
Acessories,
10
Power, 10 20%
30% INR 1500+
INR 1000+ - 1500
Hush
Puppies, 10 INR 500+- 1000
Bata, 70 27%
INR > 500
20%
The premium collection for Bata is Hush Puppies, Naturalizer, European Collection, Power
International Range and North Star. Bata has also entered collections of casual, daily wear, sports
and outdoor categories for the 10-14 year age group.
Premium product portfolio helps push the brand quotient on one hand with better connect with
spending millennial class, while on the other hand it leads to higher gross margin and thereby
propels overall margin in higher orbit.
A continuous focus on the premium segment, has resulted in Bata’s per pair realisation growing at
a CAGR of 7.7% from INR 485 per pair in FY15 to INR 562 in FY18, and we expect the same to increase
by 8-10% further in the ensuing years to reach around INR 660 by FY21
Further towards this drive, we expect this to impact gross profit margin positively. Historically as
well, Bata’s gross profit margin has improved from 52.5% in FY16 to 55.9% in FY18 (expansion of
340bps over four years). We believe, the trend is likely to sustain with further aggression and hence
estimate the company to post 56.7% gross margin by FY21.
485
22
56.7 56.7
55.9 56.0
54.2
53.2
52.5
Bata’s rental remain high visa-vis other retailers…providing scope for improvement
13.7%
12.1%
10.1% 10.8%
7.5% 7.6%
4.4%
However, we expect it to improve on: (a) improvement in sales per sq ft; (b) renegotiation of lease
rentals across stores; (c) rationalisation of store size to improve store economies; and (c)
renegotiation with suppliers. These efforts to rationalise overheads coupled with the ongoing
premiumisation drive will positively impact margin.
We estimate Bata’s operating profit margin to expand by 390 bps over the ensuing 9 quarters to
17.2% by FY21.
-0.80%
FY18OPM Gross Profit Employee Cost Rental Sales & Other FY21 OPM
Margin Distribution Overheads
spent
23
Currently, ~60-65% of the products sold at Bata are outsourced, resulting in better asset turns and
also margin improvement. Going forward we expect Bata’s EBITDA margin to improve from 13.3%
in FY18 to 17.2 % in FY21E.
With improvement in margin, we estimate Bata’s core RoCE to jump from 32.8% in FY18 to 42% by
FY21
32.4%
25.6% 26.9%
Strong operating cash flow generation ahead to provide scope for inorganic expansion- Driven
by strong margin expansion and stable working capital cycle, Bata is expected to generate strong
operating cash flows ahead, we expect the company to post an aggregate free cash flow of INR
670 crore over FY18-21E. This strong operating cash flow generation along with already high cash
in the books (around INR 600 crore) further strengthens Bata balance sheet. By FY21, we expect
Bata’s cash on books to almost double from present INR 600 crore to INR 1100 crore, thereby
providing it an opportunity to expand via acquisition or takeover.
24
54.5 54 55
47.8
45.7
41.5
38
15.4 15.3
13.4
10.3
25
Relaxo
10% Bata
8% Khadim
6%
4%
2%
0%
15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40%
RoCE
26
Relative Valuation
Diluted EPS (INR) P/E( x) EV/EBITDA(x) ROCE
M-cap
Company EPS CAGR
(INR cr) FY18E FY19E FY20E FY18E FY19E FY20E FY18E FY19E FY20E FY18E FY19E FY20E
FY18-20
Havell's India 43073 11.2 13.9 17.3 24.1 63.1 50.8 41.0 40.8 32.7 26.5 28.1 31.5 34.9
Asian Paints 133674 21.1 24.2 29.6 18.5 68.8 60.1 49.0 43.4 39.0 32.0 34.3 34.6 37.5
Pidilite Industries 55680 19.0 19.2 23.7 11.6 59.7 59.3 47.9 42.3 39.5 32.2 36.2 33.8 35.5
Jubilant Foodworks 17167 15.6 24.6 29.6 37.5 83.0 52.7 43.9 37.5 27.2 22.4 33.0 42.5 41.8
Titan Company 92241 12.6 16.3 20.3 26.8 84.6 65.4 52.6 57.2 44.6 35.9 34.0 36.8 38.7
Aditya Birla Fashion
16836 1.5 3.4 5.3 86.7 137.7 61.4 39.5 38.8 25.4 19.5 7.0 15.0 19.2
and Retail
Avenue Supermarts
91385 12.9 15.4 20.3 25.3 111.6 93.7 71.2 66.3 54.1 41.6 25.6 28.0 29.8
Limited
Trent LTD 11069 2.6 5.5 7.7 71.1 130.1 61.5 44.4 57.9 40.9 30.7 10.4 13.0 15.4
Median 26.0 83.8 60.7 46.2 42.8 39.3 31.4 30.5 32.7 35.2
Bata India 16127 17.2 24.3 30.4 33.0 73.0 51.7 41.3 38.4 28.7 22.9 32.4 40.6 42.6
Key Risks
Exit of key management personnel: Exit of senior management (Mr. Sandeep Kataria and
senior management employees like R.K. Gupta ) is a key risk for Bata as it has played an
important role in turning around the company over the past 3 years.
Intense competition: Bata may face intense competition from existing players in the form of
aggressive pricing, increased spending on marketing & distribution, launch of improved
products with attractive features, etc. Furthermore, entry of large international companies in
the footwear segment can lead to intense competition in the industry in the future.
Slowdown in economy: Rise in disposable incomes is a key driver of consumer discretionary.
Hence, any slowdown in the economy could pose downside risk to Bata’s earnings.
27
Bata is a part of Bata Shoe Organization (BSO) that has presence in 70 countries and operates through 3 business units—Bata
India is the largest entity of the BSO in terms of pairs sold and will overtake Italy in FY19 in terms of revenue (currently Italy is
the largest revenue market for BSO).
BSO provides access to the technical research and innovative programmes of Global Footwear Services, Singapore. This
arrangement is currently valid up till 2021 and Bata pays 1% as a technical charge for the same.
The company retails shoes across all price points via its own EBO network of 1,300 plus stores. It
Business Model
manufactures as well as outsources products that it retails.
Strategic Positioning It has pan-India presence and strong brand equity in the minds of its target consumers.
Competitive Edge Wide product portfolio—men, women as well as kids, with store presence in key geographies.
Financial Structure Strong balance sheet, with zero debt on books and ~35% plus of the balance sheet in cash.
Industry Revenue
Increasing per capita consumption of footwear along with premiumisation trend.
Drivers
Shareholder Value The company is likely to clock EPS of INR 30.4for FY20E. At valuation of 42x FY21E, we arrive at
Proposition target price of INR1500 which offers an upside of 20% from the current level.
28
1931 1971 2002 2011 2012 2013 2015 2016 2017 2018
29
30
31
Valuation parameters
Year to March FY17 FY18 FY19E FY20E FY21E
Diluted EPS (INR) 14.0 17.2 24.3 30.4 36.0
Y-o-Y growth (%) 25.9 23.0 41.1 25.3 18.4
CEPS (INR)
Diluted P/E (x) 101.7 72.7 51.5 41.1 34.7
Price/BV(x) 12.1 10.4 8.7 7.1 5.9
EV/Sales (x) 6.3 5.8 5.2 4.4 3.7
EV/EBITDA (x) 48.0 38.4 28.7 22.9 19.1
Diluted shares O/S 12.9 12.9 12.9 12.9 12.9
Basic EPS 14.0 17.2 24.3 30.4 36.0
Basic PE (x) 101.7 72.7 51.5 41.1 34.7
Dividend yield (%) 0.32 0.32 0.32 0.32 0.32
32
4.0 Brazil
3.0 China
2.0 India
1.0
0.0
- 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000 50,000 60,000 70,000
30,000 20
20,000
10
10,000
- 0
India Indonessia China Mexico UK Brazil USA
India’s per capita consumption as well as per capita spent on footwear is low, and with the growth
in the per capita GDP, the per person consumption along with the per pair spent on footwear is
likely to grow.
33
17.8%
11.4%
12.7
The women’s and kids composition in the footwear category is likely to increase from present level of 37%/ 9% to around 41%/11%
by FY20.
Footwear
industry
Kids, 9% break-up - Kids, 11%
2020, 0%
Men, 48%
Women, Men, 54% Women,
37%
41%
The share of branded footwear in India is estimated to jump to 50% by FY20 from 42% currently led
by: (a) penetration of existing brands in tier 2 & smaller cities; (b) existing international premium
brands expanding their presence via launch of new stores; (c) deepening reach of mid & economy
brands to tier 2-3 towns & cities; and (d) demand shift from unbranded to branded.
The urban segment constitutes ~67% and within the urban cluster, top 8 cities that constitute
metros contribute ~40% to total revenue; tier 1 & 2 cumulatively contribute the next 40% of the
urban share. Broadly based on these estimates, Metro + tier 1 & 2 cities together contribute ~55-
60% to the overall footwear market and the same is estimated to have higher organised share.
Category and price point wise, around 45% of the footwear is sold at >INR 500 and the same is
growing at a higher rate than the mass footwear category (in higher single or lower double digit);
higher price point footwear is growing in double digits.
34
6% Premium
(3000+)
Micl
10% (1000-3000)
Economy
30%
(800-1000)
54% Mass
<600
Growing opportunities in women’s segment: Though women’s footwear has only 30% market
share currently, its growth rate is double that of the men’s segment. Men’s category is expected to
grow at 10% ; while women is expected to grow at 20% for the next 3-5 years time frame
Omni-channel retailing: Retailers have started venturing in omni-channel retailin are trying in-store
marketing solutions such as beacons to enrich the shopping experience and are finding ways to
bridge the gap between offline and digital channels. In addition to engaging users on the digital
platform and influencing their merchandising decisions, many retailers are using platform not just
to showcase products, but to actually sell them. The same goes for mobile phones. Companies are
using the small screen to not just ‘get in front’ of customers (i.e., through geo-fencing and mobile-
enabled sites but also for parts of the customer journey, including order fulfilment, payments, and
loyalty.
Online Contribution
13
10 11
8
6
3
35
Vinay Khattar
VINAY
Digitally signed by VINAY KHATTAR
DN: c=IN, o=Personal, postalCode=400072,
st=Maharashtra,
2.5.4.20=87db74ffb17a70c89e8519a4d13e40e93
Head Research c4bcaba1a64d00f3c841d2fee3fa678,
KHATTAR
serialNumber=cd5737057831c416d2a5f7064cb6
93183887e7ff342c50bd877e00c00e2e82a1,
Rating Expected to
260
240
220
200
(Indexed)
180
160
140
120
100
80
60
Jul-14
Oct-14
Jul-15
Oct-15
Jul-16
Oct-16
Jul-17
Oct-17
Jul-18
Oct-18
Apr-14
Apr-15
Apr-16
Apr-17
Apr-18
Jan-14
Jan-15
Jan-16
Jan-17
Jan-18
Jan-19
Bata Sensex
36
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Edelweiss Broking Limited ("EBL" or "Research Entity") is regulated by the Securities and Exchange Board of India ("SEBI") and is licensed to carry on the business of broking, depository
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