using System;

using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Reflection;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Text.RegularExpressions;
using System.Globalization;

namespace UST_1_Konfigurator
{
public static class ClassCommon
{
/// <summary>
/// Provjeri ispravnost IP adrese.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="addr"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public static bool IsValidIP(string addr)
{
string pattern = @"^([1-9]|[1-9][0-9]|1[0-9][0-9]|2[0-4][0-9]|25[0-5])(\.([0-9]|[1-9][0-9]|
1[0-9][0-9]|2[0-4][0-9]|25[0-5])){3}$";

Regex check = new Regex(pattern);

bool valid = false;
if (addr == "")
{
valid = false;
}

else
{
valid = check.IsMatch(addr, 0);
}

return valid;
}

/// <summary>
/// Polje znakova u string.
/// </summary>
public static string ByteArrayToString(byte[] data)
{
string str = string.Empty;

byte[] temp = Encoding.Convert(Encoding.GetEncoding("iso-8859-2"), Encoding.GetEncoding("iso-

8859-2"), data);
string tempString = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(temp, 0, temp.Length);

for (int i = 0; i < tempString.Length; ++i)

{
if (tempString[i] != '\0')
{
str += tempString[i];
}
else
{
break;
}
}

return str;
}
 /// <summary>
/// Provjeri ispravnost MAC adrese.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="addr"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public static bool IsValidMAC(string addr)
{
string pattern = @"(([0-9A-Fa-f]{2}[-:]){5}[0-9A-Fa-f]{2})|(([0-9A-Fa-f]{4}\.){2}[0-9A-Fa-f]
{4})";

Regex check = new Regex(pattern);

bool valid = false;
if (addr == "")
{
valid = false;
}

else
{
valid = check.IsMatch(addr, 0);
}
return valid;
}

/// <summary>
/// Konvertiraj string IP adrese u polje okteta.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="IPAddr"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public static byte[] IPAddressToArray(string IPAddr)
{
System.Net.IPAddress oIP = System.Net.IPAddress.Parse(IPAddr);
byte[] byteIP = oIP.GetAddressBytes();

return byteIP;
}

/// <summary>
/// Konvertiraj string MAC adrese u polje okteta.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="IPAddr"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public static byte[] MACToArray(string MAC)
{
byte[] bytes = new byte[6] { 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 };
byte[] macAddress = new byte[6];

string[] text = MAC.Split(':');

for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++)

{
bytes[i] = byte.Parse(text[i].ToString(), System.Globalization.NumberStyles.HexNumber);
}

return bytes;
}

/// <summary>
/// Iz polja okteta napravi string.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="array"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public static string ArrayToString(byte[] array)
{
string ret = string.Empty;
 for (int i = 0; i < array.Length; ++i)
{
ret += System.Convert.ToChar(array[i]);
}

return ret;
}

/// <summary>
/// Prikaz IP adrese
/// </summary>
/// <param name="array"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public static string ArrayToIP(byte[] array)
{
return array[0].ToString() + "." + array[1].ToString() + "." + array[2].ToString() + '.' +
array[3].ToString();

/// <summary>
/// Prikaz MAC adrese
/// </summary>
/// <param name="array"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public static string ArrayToMac(byte[] array)
{
return array[0].ToString("X2") + ":" + array[1].ToString("X2") + ":" +
array[2].ToString("X2") + ":" + array[3].ToString("X2") + ":" + array[4].ToString("X2") + ":" +
array[5].ToString("X2");
}
}
 public FormSystemParameters(byte[] mac, UInt32 serial, UInt32 firmware)
{
InitializeComponent();

num_serial.Value = serial;
tb_mac.Text = string.Format("{0:x2}:{1:x2}:{2:x2}:{3:x2}:{4:x2}:{5:x2}", mac[0], mac[1],
mac[2], mac[3], mac[4], mac[5]);
tb_firmware.Text = string.Format("{0}.{1}.{2}", (firmware >> 24) & 0xFF, (firmware >> 16) &
0xFF, (firmware >> 8) & 0xFF);
}

/// <summary>
///
/// </summary>
private void button_ok_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
if (ClassCommon.IsValidMAC(tb_mac.Text) == false)
{
MessageBox.Show("Neispravna MAC adresa.\rParametri ne mogu biti prihvaćeni.", "Upis
tvorničkih parametara", MessageBoxButtons.OK, MessageBoxIcon.Error);
return;
}

try
{
serial_number = System.Convert.ToUInt32(num_serial.Value);
mac = ClassCommon.MACToArray(tb_mac.Text);
}
catch
{
MessageBox.Show("Neispravna MAC adresa.\rParametri ne mogu biti prihvaćeni.", "Upis
tvorničkih parametara", MessageBoxButtons.OK, MessageBoxIcon.Error);
return;
}

this.DialogResult = DialogResult.OK;
}
converting IP to byte/convert back to string
I'm storing an IPV4 address on a SQLSERVER 2008 database as Binary(4). So, I'm converting the values before
data input (and due to company restrictions I CANNOT create functions inside the db, well thats not up for
discussion).
public static byte[] IpToBin(string ip)
{
return IPAddress.Parse(ip).GetAddressBytes();
}

public static string HexToIp(string ip)

{
return new IPAddress(long.Parse(ip, NumberStyles.HexNumber)).ToString();
}

After IpToBin is called, the data generated is (for example 0x59FC09F3). When I call HexToIp the ip came
reversed probably due little/big endian conversion.

Could anyone please come up with a decent solution without 50 billion lines of code?

How do you store an IPv6 address in 4 bytes? – dtb Jan 24 '13 at 10:50
Thats only for IPV4 – Alexandre Jan 24 '13 at 10:51
You're writing new code in 2013 that doesn't support IPv6? That's like writing new code in 1999 that supports
1
only 2-digit years in dates. Y2K – dtb Jan 24 '13 at 10:54
Its funny how people like to jump in without knowing whats the code for. I wouldn't need IPV6 on that
3
application at all. – Alexandre Jan 24 '13 at 10:59

2 Answers

I think the real issue here is that you are treating the raw form as a string; especially since it is binary(4), you
should never have to do that: just fetch it back from the db as a byte[]. IpToBin is fine, but HexToIp should
probably be:
public static IPAddress BinToIp(byte[] bin)
{
return new IPAddress(bin);
}

then: job done. But with your existing HexToIp code, you want:

return new IPAddress(new byte[] {

Convert.ToByte(ip.Substring(0,2), 16), Convert.ToByte(ip.Substring(2,2), 16),
Convert.ToByte(ip.Substring(4,2), 16), Convert.ToByte(ip.Substring(6,2), 16)}
).ToString();

Actually if i return the byte array from the database i deffinitly should follow your guideline to dont use the
raw hex itself but the byte[]. Thanks! – Alexandre Jan 24 '13 at 11:11
Convert byte[] to string and back again
I have an application that is storing the IP Addresses of requests in the database as a varbinary(16) in a manner
described here: Byte Array Size for a IPv6 IP Address.

I need to pass the IP Address from one server to another. For that reason, I cannot just rely on the Request object.
My question is, if I have the IP Address as a byte[], how do I encode it as a string and then decode it as a byte[]
again? I always get confused with the ASCII, UTF8, Unicode, etc. encodings.

Thank you so much!

2 Answers

var ipString = (new IPAddress(myBytes)).ToString()

then at the other end

var addressBytes = IPAddress.Parse(ipString).GetAddressBytes();

C# - IP Adresse in ByteArray
Wandelt eine durch Punkt getrennte IP in einen ByteArray

//z.B. Value = "192.168.1.1";

private byte[] IpToByteArray(string Value)
{
string[] Temp = Value.Split('.');
int Length = Temp.Length;
byte[] Rueckgabe = new byte[Length];
for (int i = 0; i < Length; i++)
{
Rueckgabe[i] = Convert.ToByte(Convert.ToInt32(Temp[i]));
}
return Rueckgabe;
}

2 Kommentare zum Snippet

Rueckgabe[i] = Convert.ToByte(Temp[i]);

Wäre nicht ausreichend gewesen das Hexadezimal eine String 1 ander ist als eine Integer 1.
Aus einer String eins wird eine 31 gemacht und aus eine Integer 1 wirkliche eine 1.

Oha, wie wäre es denn mit

String IP = "127.0.0.1";
IPAddress _IP;
IPAddress.TryParse(IP, out _IP);
byte[] AdrBuffer = _IP.GetAddressBytes();

das würde ich etwas "eleganter" finden...

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Windows.Forms;
// JF
// SIMPLEX spremanje u fajlu
using System.IO;
using System.Net; // ReSharper dodao za objekt IPAddress
using System.Text; // ReSharper dodao za "Encoding"

namespace Application01
{
public partial class Form1 : Form
{
public Form1()
{
InitializeComponent();

var deviceList = new List<Device>();

deviceList.Add(new Mt10Sq("192.168.1.1", 11915000));

deviceList.Add(new Mt10Sq("192.168.1.2", 11915001));

deviceList.Add(new Mt40("192.168.1.100", 28115000));

deviceList.Add(new Mt40("192.168.1.101", 28115001));

foreach (var device in deviceList)

{
device.ReadSerialNumber();

// programska logika koja je isključivo za tip uređaja MT-10SQ

if (device is Mt10Sq)
{
var mt10Sq = device as Mt10Sq;

// programska logika koja je isključivo za tip uređaja MT-40

if (device is Mt40)
{
var mt40 = device as Mt40;
}
}

gridControl1.DataSource = deviceList;
}

private void btnSaveToFile_Click(object sender, System.EventArgs e)

{
// JF
// ubačeno try-catch radi eventualnih grešaka kod spremanja
try
{
// JF komentar
// podaci se prikazuju na formi unutar gridControl1
// na toj formi se mogu i mijenjati
// i zato ih ponovo izvlačimo iz DataSource-a gridControl1
var deviceList = gridControl1.DataSource as List<Device>;

// nema podataka u listi

if ((deviceList == null) || (deviceList.Count <= 0))
return;
 // polje s konfiguracijom uređaja
var fileContent = new byte[deviceList.Count * Device.FileSizePerDevice];

for (var i = 0; i < deviceList.Count; ++i)

{
Array.Copy(deviceList[i].GetBytes(), 0, fileContent, i * Device.FileSizePerDevice,
Device.FileSizePerDevice);
}

// JF
// varijanta 1 -----
// SIMPLEX spremanje u fajlu
File.WriteAllBytes($"{Application.StartupPath}\\Simplex.kfg", fileContent); // zahtjeva
System.IO

MessageBox.Show("Konfiguracija upisana u datoteku", "Informacija", MessageBoxButtons.OK,

MessageBoxIcon.Information);

}
//catch (Exception exception)
//{
// MessageBox.Show(exception.ToString()); // ReSharper ponudio -
Console.WriteLine(exception);
// // ako se ostavi throw kojeg je ponudio ReSharper
// // ovdje se javlja greška "Unhandled Null Exception"
// // izbačeno
// //throw;
//}
catch (Exception)
{
MessageBox.Show("Konfiguracija NIJE upisana u datoteku", "Greška", MessageBoxButtons.OK,
MessageBoxIcon.Error);
}

}
}

public abstract class Device

{
// JF komentar
// broj byte-a po svakom uređaju, npr
// na početku je zajednički dio za svaki Device
// -----
// 4 byte-a TypeInteger |
// 4 byte-a IpAddress | 12 byte-a
// 4 byte-a SerialNumber |
// -----
// a iza toga slijedi specifični dio
// za svaki uređaj (MT-10SQ, MT-40,...)
// -----
// MT-10SQ:
// 52 byte-a bez podataka
// -----
// MT-40:
// 26 byte-a FtpUserName | 52
// 26 byte-a FtpPassword | byte-a
// -----
public const int FileSizePerDevice = 64;

private string _ipAddress;

public int TypeInteger { get; set; }

public string Type { get; set; }

 public string IpAddress { get; set; }

public uint SerialNumber { get; set; }

public virtual string TypePretty => $"Mjerni terminal {Type}";

public abstract uint ReadSerialNumber();

public abstract byte[] GetBytes();

protected Device(int typeInteger, string type, string ipAddress, uint serialNumber)

{
Type = type;
TypeInteger = typeInteger;
IpAddress = ipAddress;
SerialNumber = serialNumber;
}

protected Device(int typeInteger, string type, byte[] data)

{
TypeInteger = typeInteger;
Type = type;
}
}

public class Mt10Sq : Device

{
public override uint ReadSerialNumber()
{
return 0;
}

public override byte[] GetBytes()

{
var bytes = new byte[FileSizePerDevice];

// JF
// -----
byte[] empty = null;
byte[] temp = null;
uint offset = 0;

temp = BitConverter.GetBytes(TypeInteger); // izgleda ok

for (var i = 0; i < 4; i++)
{
bytes[offset + i] = temp[i];
}
offset += 4;

//// varijanta 1 -----

//// nije ok - upisuje string a ne vrijednost
//// i to samo prva 4 ASCII znaka, npr. za 192.168.1.1
//// upisuje <1><9><2><.>
//IPAddress address = IPAddress.Parse(IpAddress);
//temp = address.GetAddressBytes();
//for (var i = 0; i < 4; i++)
//{
// bytes[offset + i] = temp[i];
//}
//offset += 4;
// varijanta 2 -----
string[] sTemp = IpAddress.Split('.');
int length = sTemp.Length;
//MessageBox.Show(length.ToString());
 if (length == 4)
{
for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++)
{
bytes[offset + i] = Convert.ToByte(sTemp[i]);
}
}
else
{
MessageBox.Show("Neispravna IP adresa (format X.X.X.X)");
// ovo nije ok jer u slučaju greske vraća prazno polje
// nakon čega Array.Copy u btnSaveToFile_Click
// ne zna što bi s tim
return empty;
}
offset += 4;

temp = BitConverter.GetBytes(SerialNumber); // izgleda ok

for (var i = 0; i < 4; i++)
{
bytes[offset + i] = temp[i];
}
offset += 4;
// -----

return bytes;
}

// JF
// konstruktor uređaja Mt10Sq iz polja podataka
// uz pozivanje konstruktora "bazne klase" Device
public Mt10Sq(byte[] data)
:base(1, "MT-10SQ", data)
{

// JF
// konstruktor uređaja Mt10Sq s određenom IP adresom i serijskim brojem
// uz pozivanje konstruktora "bazne klase" Device
public Mt10Sq(string ipAdress, uint serialNumber)
:base(1, "MT-10SQ", ipAdress, serialNumber)
{

}
}

public class Mt40 : Device

{
public string FtpUserName { get; set; } = "administrator";

public string FtpPassword { get; set; } = "iel_mt_40";

public override string TypePretty => "Monitor kvalitete " + Type;

public override uint ReadSerialNumber()

{
// ovdje može doci kod koji izvlaci npr. cita preko Modbus protokola serijski broj uredaja
return 0;
}

public override byte[] GetBytes()

{
var bytes = new byte[FileSizePerDevice];
// JF
// -----
byte[] empty = null;
uint offset = 0;

// "join variable end assignment"

//byte[] temp;
//temp = BitConverter.GetBytes(TypeInteger); // izgleda ok
var temp = BitConverter.GetBytes(TypeInteger);

for (var i = 0; i < 4; i++)

{
bytes[offset + i] = temp[i];
}
offset += 4;

//// varijanta 1
//// nije ok - upisuje string a ne vrijednost
//// i to samo prva 4 ASCII znaka, npr. za 192.168.1.1
//// upisuje <1><9><2><.>
//IPAddress address = IPAddress.Parse(IpAddress);
//temp = address.GetAddressBytes();
//for (var i = 0; i < 4; i++)
//{
// bytes[offset + i] = temp[i];
//}
//offset += 4;
// varijanta 2
string[] sTemp = IpAddress.Split('.');
int length = sTemp.Length;
//MessageBox.Show(length.ToString());
if (length == 4)
{
for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++)
{
bytes[offset + i] = Convert.ToByte(sTemp[i]);
}
}
else
{
MessageBox.Show("Neispravna IP adresa (format X.X.X.X)");
return empty;
}
offset += 4;

temp = BitConverter.GetBytes(SerialNumber); // izgleda ok

for (var i = 0; i < 4; i++)
{
bytes[offset + i] = temp[i];
}
offset += 4;

// -----
// dodatni podaci za MT-40:
// 26 byte-a FtpUserName | 52
// 26 byte-a FtpPassword | byte-a
// -----
byte[] bName = Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(FtpUserName);
for (var i = 0; i < FtpUserName.Length; i++)
{
if (bName[i] != 0)
{
bytes[offset + i] = bName[i];
}
else
 {
break;
}
}
offset += 26;

byte[] bPswd = Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(FtpPassword);

for (var i = 0; i < FtpPassword.Length; i++)
{
if (bPswd[i] != 0)
{
bytes[offset + i] = bPswd[i];
}
else
{
break;
}
}
// nije potrebno jer smo došli do kraja fajle
//offset += 26;

// -----

return bytes;
}

// JF
// konstruktor uređaja Mt40 iz polja podataka
// uz pozivanje konstruktora "bazne klase" Device
public Mt40(byte[] data)
:base(2, "MT-40", data)
{

// JF
// konstruktor uređaja Mt40 s određenom IP adresom i serijskim brojem
// uz pozivanje konstruktora "bazne klase" Device
public Mt40(string ipAdress, uint serialNumber)
: base(2, "MT-40", ipAdress, serialNumber)
{

}
}
}
C#: how to take a screenshot of a portion of screen
like
TakeScreenshot(new Rectangle(0,0,100,100), "output.jpg");

2 You need to specify is it WinForms, WPF or Silverlight. – alxx Jul 22 '10 at 7:22
I'm trying to create this method in a class library – Louis Rhys Jul 22 '10 at 7:28

4 Answers

Use the following:

Rectangle rect = new Rectangle(0, 0, 100, 100);
Bitmap bmp = new Bitmap(rect.Width, rect.Height, PixelFormat.Format32bppArgb);
Graphics g = Graphics.FromImage(bmp);
g.CopyFromScreen(rect.Left, rect.Top, 0, 0, bmp.Size,
CopyPixelOperation.SourceCopy);
bmp.Save(fileName, ImageFormat.Jpeg);

what is "PixelFormat.Format32bppArgb" for? – Louis Rhys Jul 22 '10 at 7:35

PixelFormat.Format32bppArgb specifies that the format is 32 bits per pixel; 8 bits each are used for the alpha,
1
red, green, and blue components. – Marcel Gheorghita Jul 22 '10 at 7:53
thanks! this is the closes to what I need so I'm accepting this answer :) – Louis Rhys Jul 22 '10 at 8:06

Here is the code to capture the screen. Change the values to the size you need.

Bitmap printscreen = new Bitmap(Screen.PrimaryScreen.Bounds.Width,

Screen.PrimaryScreen.Bounds.Height);

Graphics graphics = Graphics.FromImage(printscreen as Image);

graphics.CopyFromScreen(0, 0, 0, 0, printscreen.Size);

printscreen.Save(@"C:\printscreen.jpg", ImageFormat.Jpeg);

Or make method which will return you captured image like this :

Image CaptureScreen(int sourceX, int sourceY, int destX, int destY,

Size regionSize)
{
Bitmap bmp = new Bitmap(regionSize.Width, regionSize.Height);
Graphics g = Graphics.FromImage(bmp);
g.CopyFromScreen(sourceX, sourceY, destX, destY, regionSize);
return bmp;
}
......
// call
Image image = CaptureScreen(sourceX, sourceY, destX, destY, regionSize);
image.Save(@"C:\Somewhere\screen.jpg);
Use the Graphics.CopyFromScreen method. Google turns up this tutorial.
Have you checked the Graphics.CopyFromScreen method?

Saving Panel as JPEG, only saving visible areas c#

I'm trying to save, and then print a panel in c#. My only problem is that it only saves the visible areas and when I
scroll down it prints that.
Bitmap bmp = new Bitmap(this.panel.Width, this.panel.Height);

this.panel.DrawToBitmap(bmp, new Rectangle(0, 0, this.panel.Width, this.panel.Height));

bmp.Save("c:\\panel.jpg", System.Drawing.Imaging.ImageFormat.Jpeg);

2 Answers

Try following
public void DrawControl(Control control,Bitmap bitmap)
{
control.DrawToBitmap(bitmap,control.Bounds);
foreach (Control childControl in control.Controls)
{
DrawControl(childControl,bitmap);
}
}

public void SaveBitmap()

{
Bitmap bmp = new Bitmap(this.panel.Width, this.panel.Height);

this.panel.DrawToBitmap(bmp, new Rectangle(0, 0, this.panel.Width,

this.panel.Height));
foreach (Control control in panel.Controls)
{
DrawControl(control, bmp);
}

bmp.Save("d:\\panel.jpg", System.Drawing.Imaging.ImageFormat.Jpeg);
}

Here is my result:

Form ScreenShot :
Saved bitmap :

As you can see there is TextBox wich is not visible on form but is present in saved bitmap
Thankyou alot :) – Karl May 14 '11 at 12:04
This is also the solution if (like me) you are attempting to save the Panel before the form has actually been
drawn on the screen. – Chris Rae Dec 6 '11 at 21:35
Your solution worked for me BUT controls in panels where drawn twice! So I fixed it with a IF( control is not
a panel) before caling the child controls. – Christian Gold Feb 10 at 14:48
Panel1.Dock = DockStyle.None // If Panel Dockstyle is in Fill mode
Panel1.Width = 5000 // Original Size without scrollbar
Panel1.Height = 5000 // Original Size without scrollbar
Dim bmp As New Bitmap(Me.Panel1.Width, Me.Panel1.Height)
Me.Panel1.DrawToBitmap(bmp, New Rectangle(0, 0, Me.Panel1.Width, Me.Panel1.Height))
bmp.Save("C:\panel.jpg", System.Drawing.Imaging.ImageFormat.Jpeg)
Panel1.Dock = DockStyle.Fill
Note: Its working fine