A

Synopsis On
PLC BASED TEMPERATURE CONTROL SYSTEM
Submitted for the partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of the
Degree of Bachelor of Technology
Electrical Engineering

Submitted to:-

Submitted by:-
Arpit Vishnoi (1606820008) Anjali Tyagi (1606820004)
Shikha Chaudhary (1606820032)

Department of Electrical Engineering

MEERUT INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY
Meerut – 250005
Approved by A.I.C.T.E.
Affiliated to

Dr. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam Technical University, Lucknow

(Batch: 2016-2020)
 PLC BASED TEMPERATURE CONTROL SYSTEM

INTRODUCTION
In many fields of scientific research and production practice, the temperature control system
occupies a very big and important position, especially in metallurgy, chemical industry, building
materials, food, etc. By using this temperature control system, we can set temperature as per our
requirements. This system consists of “Programmable Logic Controller” or commonly known as
“PLC”.

The PLC being the industrial grade digital computer provides us the full operational control over
the system with the help of programming, also it makes the system fully automated. As the name
suggest, the temperature is monitored using the temperature sensor and the temperatures can be
monitored on the LCD module.

There are two set limits of the temperature which can be monitored on the screen on the basis of
the current temperature. One is set on High temperature and the other is set Low temperature,
when the temperature of high set reaches above the high temperature level, the DC fan starts and
indicates that the set limit is exceeded. And when the low set temperature reaches below the low
temperature set point, a DC LED lamp starts, indicating the set low limit is achieved.

SYSTEM DESIGN
In this design, temperature control system consists of hardware and software components.

In the hardware part of the system, the acquisition module uses the temperature sensor to
measure the measured object temperature, and the temperature signals are converted into
electrical signals, which are then transmitted to the temperature transmitter.

The software of this system adopts PLC, the popular programming software by Siemens, for
software compilation, and temperature controller device. The system consists of four modules,
i.e., acquisition module, display module, control module and implementation module.
COMPONENTS

Programmable Logic Controller:-

A programmable logic controller (PLC) or programmable controller is an industrial digital
computer which has been ruggedized and adapted for the control of manufacturing processes,
such as assembly lines, or robotic devices, or any activity that requires high reliability control
and ease of programming and process fault diagnosis.

Fig 3.1 Programmable logic controller

PLCs were first developed in the automobile manufacturing industry to provide flexible,
ruggedized and easily programmable controllers to replace hard-wired relays, timers and
sequencers. Since then, they have been widely adopted as high-reliability automation controllers
suitable for harsh environments. A PLC is an example of a "hard" real-time system since output
results must be produced in response to input conditions within a limited time, otherwise
unintended operation will result.
RTD (Resistance temperature detector):-

RTD stands for Resistance Temperature Detector. RTDs are sometimes referred to generally as
resistance thermometers.

RTDs work on a basic correlation between metals and temperature. As the temperature of a
metal increases, the metal's resistance to the flow of electricity increases. Similarly, as the
temperature of the RTD resistance element increases, the electrical resistance, measured in ohms
(Ω), increases. RTD elements are commonly specified according to their resistance in ohms at
zero degrees Celsius. The most common RTD specification is 100 Ω, which means that at 0 C
the RTD element should demonstrate 100 Ω of resistance.

Platinum is the most commonly used metal for RTD elements due to a number of factors,
including its-
 Chemical inertness.
 Nearly linear temperature versus resistance relationship.
 Temperature coefficient of resistance that is large enough to give readily measurable
resistance changes with temperature.
 Stability (in that its temperature resistance does not drastically change with time).

Other metals that are less frequently used as the resistor elements in an RTD include nickel,
copper and balco (nickel-iron).

Fig 3.2 Resistance temperature detector

BLOCK DIAGRAM

Fig 3.3 Block Diagram of Temperature Control System

APPLICATION

 The project has wide range of applications such as; it can be used in electric furnace to
control the temperature of the furnace to a required value.
 It can be used in food industry for humidity control in the storage cabinets.
 This project also find application in medical field, such as in baby incubators also it is
used to maintaining the own temperature according to requirement.