A slot between the wall and projection will allow the areas of positive pressure

on both sides of the opening to act on the wind stream.

Louvers, open windows may also deflect air stream.

High slab building cause a strong down draught on the windward face. The
causes high wind speed at low level. The wind streams separate, the top third
blowing upwards and the bottom two thirds downwards.

A low building in front of the tall block causes even stronger winds at low level.

-Spaces under the building if it is on column (piloti) are likely to experience high
velocities. Rain can be blown up the face of the building.

-The eddy on the lee side can cause smoke to be blown downwards and onto
the lee face of the building. The fast velocities at ground level are in front of the
building and at the corners.

-Buildings which require air movement must be spaced so that the wind which
is deflected over them can return to low level.

If they are too closely spaced, there will be large drop in the wind speeds in the
sheltered buildings. In these cases, the third row may have more wind than the
second

Buildings laid out in regular rows will shade each other, and the wind will be
channeled into the spaces between them.

A staggered arrangement allows greater space between the first row and the
building behind. Any deflected wind is directed to the face of the next building.

-Note: PLAN A and PLAN B-both plans have same number of blocks in the same
space.
 A small inlet and large outlet will result in a high maximum speed, a medium
average speed, a large are of low wind speed.

A small outlet with a large inlet will result in a medium maximum speed, a
medium average speed, a small area of low wind speed.

WIND BEHAVIOR WITHIN A ROOM

OLD CONCEPTS RENEWED

TENTS The animal hide used for tents in the Late Stone Age acted as an insulator
against varying weather conditions
10,000 years ago architecture began, there were hardly any changes for the next 6,000 years
(Salvadori, 1990) This was quite expected because the built structures were able to satisfy the
physiological need for shelter at time.
MALQAFS are shafts design to "scoop" in the prevailing wind in its surrounding.
-As early as 1300BC, ancient Egyptians have begun for incorporate malqaf
(literakky “wind scoop”) which are shafts that rises above the buildings acting
as scoops to funnels in wind into building’s interior.

Late Stone Age period tent settlements were made of animal skins. This provided an insulated coating
for the tent able to keep out heat from solar radiation during warm seasons and
kept air heated inside during cold weather.
SHAFTS used by the Persians to channel in wind were known as badgers

(Battle-McCarthy, 1999) Similarly, the Persians also used shafts known as badgirs to catch breezes and
channel them into the building to cool its room.
PRE-HISTORIC TIMES In tropical setting of the Philippines, passive cooling techniques have been in
use
BAHAY KUBO is designed as adaptation to its tropical environment.

-Although the bahay kubo was humble in form and certainly a minimalist in
style, it is far more advanced compared to manu=y modern buildings today in
the Philippines in term of climate adaptibility.
Among the bahay kubo’s • The living platform is elevated on stilts as an adaptation to damp ground
adaptations are: conditions brought about by the seasonal monsoon on the Philippines.
• The roof has a high pitch so that rain water can be quickly drained.
• Large windows facilitate cross ventilation within the living space
• Operable window awnings protect the windows from rain and at the same
time provide shade when they are open.
• The high pitch of the roof creates a large air space serving as an insulation
between the roof and living space.
• The pitch of the roof creates an angle that allows the heat to radiated at an
angle rather than directly on living space below.
• Roof provides wide overhangs for the windows to and rain protect them for
solar radiation and rain
• The walls and roof are constructed of thatch (nipa) with low U-values allowing
heat to be released immediately.
• Time lag for the porous materials become negligible
• The flexible framing system and materials allow the bahay kubo’s frame to
sway during earthquakes thus dissipating forces that would otherwise cause the
building frames to break or buckle.
The bamboo flooring materials creates gaps between the slats which allows air
to breeze upward into the living space.

-When the Spanish colonization of the Philippines began, numerous

construction projects had to be undertaken by the colonizers. Naturally, their
designers built structures as the did in Europe. Successive earthquakes destroy
many buildings forcing the designers to rethink their structures. Over a period
of time, their architecture evolved in order to adapt to local environmental
conditions in the Philippines. To some extent, the designers had to “copy” some
of the adaptive features of
the bahay kubo. This became the evolutionary birth of the Philippine Ancestral
House or more commonly known as the Bahay na Bato.
Contrary to what many people think, the Bahay na Bato is not Spanish in its
architecture. It is very much a Filipino design that has been tailor-made to
adapt to the climatic and geographic features of the Philippines.