MINISTRY OF EDUCATION

TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY (KYAUKSE)

Department Of Mechanical Engineering

Design of Plumbing, Sanitary, and Firefighting System

for Sixth-Storeyed Building Hotel

Supervisor: Daw Khema Theint Presented by : GROUP X

Co-supervisor: Daw Yu Yu Htway Date : 29.7.2019

1
Outline of Presentation
Plumbing System
• Introduction
• Aim and Objectives
• Design Specification
• Requirement of Daily Water
Demand
• Calculation of Pipe Size
• Calculation of Water Tank Size
• Calculation of Pump Size
• Result Table Of Plumbing
Calculation
• Conclusion
Sanitary System
• Introduction
• Aim and Objectives
• Theory of Sanitary System
• Calculation of Sanitary
System
• Result Table of Sanitary
System
Fire Fighting system
• Introduction
• Aim and Objectives
• Fire fighting system
components
• Portable fire extinguisher
system
• Fire hose-reel system
• Calculation of Pump
• Rising Main System
• Fire sprinkler system
• Problem how to solve
• Result Table of Fire fighting
system
2
Introduction of Water Plumbing System

The water supply system is the essential link of the water supply source
and receiver.
• It is also defined as the art and science of installing ,repairing and
service the pipes , fixtures for bringing and distribution of water in a
building and water bone wastes.
• The system of pipes , tanks, fitting ,and other apparatus required for
the water supply , heating ,and sanitation in a building called a
plumbing.

3
Aim and Objectives
Aim
• To design the plumbing system for 6 storeyed Building
Objectives
• To design water tank size for underground tank and overhead tank
• To design transfer pump size
• To design booster pump size
• To design water pipe size

4
Water Sources
Depend on location
• From city water supply (YCDC,MCDC,PUB)
• From river ,Lake ,Dam , etc
✓Tube well
• Take 20m from lowest building of pile.
• Use Compressor if the tube well depth is glaucoma.(60ft~80ft)
• Use Submersible Pump if the tube well is depth.(200fts)
• Pump can run 6 hours per day if over 6 hours ,the water come out with
sand.

5
Design Specification
• Building Type – Hotel
• Number Of Stories – 6 storeyed (4m for each storey)
• Supply System – Hot & Cold water System
• Basement(4m) – Domestic Underground Tank
• Ground(4m) – Reception
• 1st to 6th Stories – Rooms, In 1 floor – 10 rooms
• Roof Floor – Overhead Tank, Heater
❖ Single Room - 2 rooms, In 1 room – 1 person
❖ Double Room - 5 rooms, In 1 room – 2 persons
❖ Family Room - 3 rooms, In 1 room – 3 persons
➢ Total – 150 persons (including Staff)

6
Water Distribution System Diagram

7
Calculation of Tank Size
From Tables, we get Daily Water Demand for each floor.
Water Demand for ground Floor = ( ) L/Day [Based on Fixtures]
Water Demand for 1st to 6th Floor = ( ) L/Day [Based on Building type]
Total Water Demand = ( ) L/Day

Storage water volume (m3 )

Water tank size =
Full fill capacity (75%)

❖From Local, Over Head Tank – Half day capacity

Ground Tank – 1 day capacity
8
.
Requirement of Water Daily Demand
1.Based on People 2.Based on Fixtures
Local 40Gal /Person
Water Closet 180L/Day
/Day
150Gal /Person Urinal 180L/Day
/Day Wash Basin 180L/Day
CP-48 20 m3 /Unit
Sink 180L/Day
/Month
700L /Unit /Day Shower 180L/Day

9
Continued,
3.Based on Building Type

Dwelling Housing 150L / Person / Day

Hotel 135L / Person /Day

Hostel 90L / Person /Day

Office with Canteen 45L /Person /Day

Office without Canteen 35L / Person /Day

School 15L /Person /Day

10
Calculation Of Pipe Size(mm)
Using Constant Velocity Method

First, we must calculate the Total Loading Unit(TLU).We can

get the flow rate from chart using TLU.
Q=flow rate( m3 /s)
Q=AV Where;
V=velocity (m/s)
π
A=area of pipe (m2 ) , A= d2
4
d= diameter(m)

Acceptable Velocity =1~1.5m/s

Design Velocity =1.25m/s
11
Calculation of Transfer & Booster Pumps
.
Sizes
Hazen Williams Equation
Total Friction Loss, H (m) = 10.44 Q1.85
L
f C1.856d4.87
Where,
Hf = Head Loss due to Friction ( ft)
Q = Flow rate of water (gal/min)
d = Diameter of pipe (in)
C = Hazen William Constant (From Table)

12
 .

Motor Power Size

𝛒𝐠𝐇𝐐
Motor Power size(KW or HP) = 6
10 × ɳ𝐩𝐮𝐦𝐩 ×ɳ
motor
Where,
ρ = Density( kg /m3 )
g = Gravity (9.81 m/s)
H= Head (m)
Q=Flow rate (L/s)
ɳpump = Motor Efficiency (80%)
ɳmotor = Pump Efficiency (75%)

13
Equivalent Pipe Length (Meter Run of Pipe)
Normal Copper / UPVC/ PVC Gate Valve Check Valve
Diameter Elbow Tee
mm m m m m
15 0.5 0.6 4.0 2.5
20 0.8 1.0 7.0 4.3
25 1.0 1.5 10.0 5.6
32 1.4 2.0 13.0 6.0
40 1.7 2.5 16.0 7.9
50 2.3 3.5 22.0 11.5
65 3.0 4.5 - -
75 3.4 5.8 34.0 -
100 4.5 8.0 - - 14
Calculation Flow of Pump Size
First, we must know pipe diameter & flow rate.

Pipe Diameter, d = ( ) in

Flow Rate ,Q = ( ) gal/min

Equivalent pipe length = Elbow + Gate Valve + Check Valve + Tee

Effective pipe length, L(ft)= Straight pipe length +Equivalent pipe length
10.44×Q1.85 (gpm)
Total friction loss , Hf = × L (ft)
C1.85 ×d4.87

Pump Head (m) = Static Head + Total Frictional Loss

𝛒𝐠𝐇𝐐
Motor Power Size (KW or HP) =
106 × ɳ𝐩𝐮𝐦𝐩 ×ɳ
motor
15
.
Continued,
Hazen Williams Coefficient, C

Pipe Material Design C

✓ PVC 150
Asbestos Cement 140
Welded Steel 100
Concrete 100
Cast Iron 100
Copper or Brass 130
Vitrified Clay 100
Corrugated Steel 60

16
Result Tables Of Plumbing System

Pipes Sizes For Cold Water Supply

Branch Pipes Distributing Main Stack Pipes Transfer
Pipes Pipes
Ground Floor- 1st to 6th floor- For Gravity Feed For Pump feed 50mm
20mm 32mm Ground floor, 6th floor - 65mm
1st to 6th floor- 1st floor, and 5th floor - 50mm
25mm 2nd floor – 50mm
4th floor - 40mm
3rd floor – 32mm

17
Continued;
For Hot Water Supply System
Branch pipes Distributing Pipes Main Stack Pipes
1st to 6th floor - 1st to 6th floor - 32mm For Gravity Feed For Pump Feed
25mm 1st floor 6th floor - 50mm
2nd floor - 40mm th
5 floor - 40mm
4th floor - 40mm
3rd floor – 32mm

18
 Continued;
For Pump Sizes And Tank Sizes
Pump Tank
Transfer Pump Booster Pump Under Ground Tank Over Head Tank
In kW In hp In kW In hp Calculatio Actual Calculation Actual
n
1kW 1.34 hp 0.8829 kW 1.18hp 12.06 m3 12.5 m3 27.36 m3 32 m3

❖ Under Ground Tank – Height 2m ❖ Over Head Tank – Height 2m

Length 2.5m Length 4m
Width 2.5m Width 4m
19
Conclusion

➢As conclusion ,water supply system is very important for any building
because our daily activities need water.
➢Through this case study , we have identified and understood
information related to water supply system .
➢We also understood how each components and systems functions
respectively.

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 Introduction
➢ Wastewater collection and treatment system are major capital
investments in the infrastructure of municipalities across the
nation. Sanitary system function are needed. It can pass significant
risks to public health and the environment.
➢ Drain and sewer system are part of the overall wastewater system
that provides a service to the community. This can be briefly
described as;
(1)Removal of wastewater from premises for public health
and the environment.
(2)Prevention of floating in urban areas:
(3)Protection of the environment.

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 Aim and Objectives
▪ Aim
To design the sanitary system for building 6-storey
building.
▪ Objectives
➢ To design the septic tank
➢ Inspection Camber depth
➢ To design the vertical stack pipes and external
drainage for buildings.
➢ To design the horizontal sewer pipes for WC.

22
 Septic tank
▪ septic tank is a tank through which sewage flows and the
deposited organic matter is wholly, or partially broken down
anaerobically.
▪ distance of sock away pit from any drinking water source
shall be more than 20m.
▪ Septic tank can be constructed either in R.C.C or in brick.
▪ Single chamber tank is usually used, if the length of tank is
less than 4m.If the length is more than 4m,double chamber is
used. The first chamber (inlet chamber) is 2/3 length, and the
second chamber is 1/3 length.

23
Continued;

▪ The depth usually provided for septic tank is not more than
1.5m to 2m.

▪ The inlet chamber a baffle wall is provided at a distance 1/5

length to prevent entry of foam to the sedimentation zone.

24
 Design of Septic tank
▪ Total volume = volume of + volume of + volume of + volume
of septic tank sedimentation digestion slug of free
storage board

▪ Surface area required = 5%simultaneous discharge x surface loading

of septic tank
▪ Volume of sedimentation =surface area x 0.3
▪ Volume of digestion =no. of peoplex0.032
▪ Volume of slug storage =0.0002 x 365days x No .of people

25
Continued;

▪ Volume of free board =Surface area x 0.3m

volume of septic tank

▪ Depth of septic tank =
surface area

▪ Length of breadth ratio of septic tank =2:1

26
27
 Inspection Chamber
▪ The basic function of an inspection chamber is to provide an
access point into sewer or storm drain systems large enough to
allow people to enter it and perform inspection and cleaning
procedures manually.
▪ Inspection chambers are designed to provide access into sewer
or storm drain systems for inspection, cleaning and sampling.
▪ Inspection chambers allow all maintenance work to be carried
out from ground level.

28
Inspection Chamber

29
Calculation of Inspection Camber depth

▪ Find first inspection chamber.

▪ Assume first inspection chamber depth.
▪ All first inspection chambers depth are same.
▪ Next inspection chamber calculation
➢ Depth = Top level – Invert level
➢ Difference Depth = length/slope ratio(gradient)

30
 Design for vertical stack pipe and
external drainage for building
• A minimum diameter of 150 is to be provided for foul sewer.
• Calculate daily flow of wastewater entering into each sewer,
assuming that only 80% of per capital supply water enter into the
sewer.
• Assume a velocity in between 0.8m/sec to1.2m/sec and with the
cumulative design peak flow ,design the size of each sewer. If the
velocity is less than 0.6m/sec ,change sewer size .

31
 Continued;
• Assume 80% of water supply is entering into sewer as foul water.
Daily flow of foul water =number x total discharge x 80%
• It is assumed that 0.5 of the daily foul water is entering into the sewer
within 6hours.
daily flow foul water
avg; hourly flow=0.5x
6hr
• Assuming a peak factor of 2
Peak flow = avg; hourly flow x 2

32
Continued;

• Design flow is double the peak flow.

Design peak flow = 2 x peak flow
• Continuity equation;
Q = AV
where ; V =velocity in flow(m/sec)
Q =design peak flow(𝑚3 /sec)
• Assuming velocity = 1.2m/sec

33
 Design of Horizontal drain for WC

• Manning’s equation;
1 2/3 1/2
V= r S (running half full)
N
where;
N=roughness co-efficient of varying from
0.015 to 0.013
V= velocity in flow (m/sec)
r =hydraulic radius in meter
S=slop of pipe in meter/meter

34
Continued;
r=A/P
where;
A = cross sectional area of flow in square
meter
P = wetted perimeter
π 2
A= D
4
P=𝝅D
D = diameter of pipe

35
 Circular Conduit with a Free Surface

• A circular pipe with radius r is conveying water with depth

y. The angle of the free water surface with the center of
the circle is θ. Wetted area and wetted perimeter of the
flow is;

360degree=2π radian →A =π𝑟 2 → P=2πr

36
Continued;
• For θ radian, the area and perimeter of the sector are,
πr2 r2 θ
A=θ =
2π 2π
2πr
P= θ =rθ
2π
Where,
r = radius of pipe in meter

37
 Result table for septic tank
No. Description Result Data Units

1. Discharge unit for each WC 2.3 Li/sec

2. Discharge unit for each urinal 0.15 Li/sec
3. Total discharge 135.45 Li/sec
4. 5% simultaneous discharge 415.35 Li/min
5. Surface area required 38.2122 𝑚2
6. Volume of sedimentation 11.46366 𝑚3
7. Volume of digestion 5.312 𝑚3
8. Volume of sludge storage 12.118 𝑚3
9. Volume of free board 11.46366 𝑚3
10. Total volume of septic tank 40.16532 𝑚3
11. Depth of septic tank 1.05111 m
12. Length of septic tank (L) 8.7421 m
13. Breadth of septic tank (B) 4.37105 m

38
Inspection Camber depth
NO. Inspection Camber Depth Invert Unit

1. Inspection Camber (IC)-01 0.9 102.1 m

2. Inspection Camber (IC)-02 0.98478 102.0152 m

3. Inspection Camber (IC)-03 1.03645 101,9635 m

4. Inspection Camber (IC)-04 1.1123 101.8877 m

5. Inspection Camber (IC)-05 1.1748 101.8252 m

39
Result data for vertical soil stack pipe and external drainage for
building
No. Description Symbols Result Data Units
1. Total loading unit - 123 -
2. Total discharge flow rate - 1.1 li/sec
3. Daily flow rate of foul water - 76032 li/day
4. Average hourly flow rate - 1.8 li/sec
5. Peak flow - 3.6 li/sec
6. Design peak flow Q 7.2 li/sec
7. Diameter of pipe d 100 mm
8. Slope S 0.02 (or) 1/50 -
9. Velocity v 0.9 m/sec
40
 Result data for vertical waste stack pipe and external drainage
for building
No. Description Symbols Result Data Units

1. Total loading unit - 467 -

2. Total discharge flow rate - 3.07 Li/sec

3. Daily flow rate of foul water - 212198.4 Li/day

4. Average hourly flow rate - 4.912 Li/sec

5. Peak flow - 9.824 Li/sec

6. Design peak flow Q 19.648 Li/sec
7. Diameter of pipe d 144 mm
8. Slope S 0.03 (or) 3% -
9. Velocity v 0.84 m/sec
41
 Result Data of horizontal sewer for WC

No Description Symbols Design Result Units

1. Diameter of water d 0.1 m

closet(WC)

2. Slope S 1/60 -

3. Velocity v 0.8 m/sec

4. Discharge flow rate q 0.032 m2/sec

42
Introduction to Fire Protection System

➢ Fire Safety is a subject connected not only with human and

property safety but is related with design of buildings and their
services.
➢ Fire protection measures, both in residential buildings and in
commercial/ industrial complexes, have assumed a great role in
recent years in our country.

43
Aim & Objectives for Fire Protection System
The aim of thesis is to design the fire protection and fire-fighting
system of the high-rise building.
▪ Primary objective : To protect human’s life and luxury
▪ Secondary objective : To overwork for fire burning

Fire Product
• Thermal Elements : Flame and Heat
• Non Thermal Elements : Smoke and Toxics

44
Building Considered as a whole

❑Passive Fire Protection : installation of firewalls and fire rated floor

assemblies to form fire compartments intended to limit the spread of
fire, high temperatures and smoke.

❑Active Fire Protection : includes fire smoke alarm systems, sprinkler

systems, and fire extinguishers as well as firefighters.

45
Fire Fighting System Components
1. Fire Water Tanks
2. Fire Water Pump
3. Hydrant Network (External fire hydrant) and
4. Water Spray System – Portable fire extinguisher system
- Fire Hose-Reel System
- Rising Main System (Wet riser / Dry riser)
- Fire Sprinkler System

46
Portable Fire Extinguisher System
❖To detect slow burning rate of fire
❖To control initial outbreak of fire incident
❖To provided : Room exit, Stairways, Carpark, Lobby, Fire fighting
lobby, electrical room, Potential fire hazard, etc.
❖Type of extinguishers : Water type, Foam type, CO2 type (Dry
Chemical Powder ABC type)
❖Level – floor finishing level + 1.5 m
Room area (m2 )
❖Fire Rating Size = Light Hazard – 40 m2
Hazard (m2 )
Ordinary Hazard – 20 m2
High Hazard – 15 m2
47
Fire Hose-Reel System

❖To detect slow burning rate of fire & flash over

❖To provided : Visible & acceptable position, Along exist, Stairways,
Carpark, Lobby, Fire fighting lobby, Fire fighting room, Fire riser.
❖Type : Cabinet (Surface mounted type, Semi-recessed type & fully
recessed type) and Exposed Type.
❖Pipe Size – Rising Main Pipe - 50mm
- Branch Pipe – 25mm
- Hose-reel Pipe – 25mm

48
Calculation of pump for Fire Hose-reel & Fire
Sprinkler
Hydraulic calculation,
10.44 × Q1.85
Total friction losses = 1.85 4.87 × L
C ×d
where, Q = flow rate of water (gpm)
C = constant for the class of pipe
100 (cast iron pipe) / 120 (steel pipe)
d = diameter of pipe (inches)
L = Effective Pipe length (m)

Pump Head, H = Static Head (m) + Total friction loss (m)

49
Equivalent Pipe length = Elbow + Tee + Check Valve + Gate Valve
Effective Pipe length = Straight pipe length + Equivalent pipe length
ρgHQ
Motor Power Size =
106 × ηm × ηp
where, ρ = density of water
g = acceleration due to gravity
Q = flow rate of water
H = pump head
ηm = efficiency of motor
ηp = efficiency of pump

50
Rising Main System
❖To detect large fire (fully fire develop)
❖Use for fireman
❖To provided : Visible & acceptable position, Along exist, Stairways,
Carpark, Lobby, Fire fighting lobby, Fire fighting room, Fire riser.
❖Type : Dry Riser and Wet Riser
❖Coverage distance – Maximum 38m
❖Coverage Area – 930m2
❖Rising Pipe – 100mm
❖Landing Valve Size – 65mm

51
Dry Riser System
❖Use for above 25m & below 60m
❖Rising Main pipe – Air Fill (Dry)
❖Provided Breeching inlets to water supply from access engine
❖Two Way Breeching inlets
Building Height < 45 m & Main pipe – 100mm
❖Four Way Breeching inlets
45 m < Building Height < 60 m & Main pipe – 150mm
❖Maximum Distance – 18 m from fire Access Engine

52
Fire Sprinkler System
❖One of the major advantages of a sprinkler system is that it can
function as both a fire detection system and a fire suppression
system.
❖Four Types of Sprinkler Systems
1. Wet pipe sprinkler system
2. Dry pipe sprinkler system
3. Deluge system
4. Pre-Action Fire sprinkler system

53
Wet Pipe Sprinkler

❖Constantly have water in them

❖Allows for a quick reaction to a fire and is the most common type of
sprinkler installed in buildings

❖Cost efficient and low maintenance

54
Problem how to solve

➢Classification of Occupancies

➢Sprinkler Coverage Area

➢Pressure loss in Pipes

➢Sprinkler Pipe Size Calculation

➢Pump Power for fire Sprinkler

55
Location of sprinkler
-at appropriate distance below ceiling and beams as required by
ceilings, roofs and underside of stairs.

Sprinkler coverage area

Room area (m2 )
Number of sprinkler =
Hazard (m2 )

• Light Hazard – 21 m2
• Ordinary Hazard – 12 m2
• High Hazard – 9 m2

56
Hydraulic Calculation
The pressure losses between the installation valve and the furthest
design point at the highest level must not exceed 150kPa.
Total Length = Length of pipe + (3m × no. of Bends)
Permitted pressure loss/m (kPa/m) = 150 kPa / Total length (m)
P1 X + P2 (L-X) = 150
where, P1 = Pressure loss / m of larger pipe size
P2 = Pressure loss / m of smaller pipe size
L = Total length of pipe which you want size
X = Length of larger pipe size

57
Result table of Pump size for Fire Hose-Reel & Fire Sprinkler
Hose-Reel (O/H Tank) Sprinkler (U/G Tank)
Straight Pipe length 49.792 m 33.58 m
Elbow 4 9
Tee 9 14
Check Valve 1 1
Gate Valve 3 3
Water Storage Tank 1 m3 500 m3
Flow rate 1.2 liter/sec 1.4 liter/sec
Diameter of pipe 50 mm 100 mm

58
Result table of Pump size for Fire Hose-Reel & Fire Sprinkler

Hose-Reel Sprinkler
Equivalent Pipe length 39.6 m 120.9 m
Effective Pipe length 89.392 m 154.48 m
Total friction loss 1.48095 m 0.09097 m
Pump Head 29.48095 m 28.09097 m
Motor Power Size 0.57842 kW 0.6753 kW

59
Number of Sprinklers table
Level 1 to 6 was typical No. of sprinklers
Room 101 2
Room 102 2
Room 103 2
Room 104 2
Room 105 3
Room 106 3
Room 107 2
Room 108 3
Room 109 1
Room 110 1
Passage Way 12
Ground floor 8
60
 Locating Design Point
Design point
In a two end-side layout, with
more than 16 sprinklers, the
design point is located 16
sprinklers from the end of the
complex
Design point
In All Other layout, with more
than 18 sprinklers, the design
point is located 18 sprinklers or
less from the end of the complex
Design point
In a two end-side layout has less than
16 sprinklers and if any other layout
has less than 18 sprinklers, the design
point is located first range pipe joins
distribution pipe
61
Our building Design Point
Design point

Design point

Ground floor First floor to Sixth floor was typical

62
The steps of hydraulic calculations can be summarized as
follows:

1. Determine furthest design point

2. Calculate length of pipe to installation control valve
3. Estimate permitted pressure losses / meter- (150kPa/length)
4. Select pipe size from Table 3.5.
5. Calculate length of larger pipe size

63
Result data of pipe length & diameter of Fire
sprinkler system

➢Design Point A (located at 6 floor) is the furthest design point from ICV.
➢Permitted Pressure loss/ m = 2.1815 kPa/m
[1.3 kPa/m < 2.1815 kPa/m < 4.7 kPa/m]
➢Selected pipe sizes are Ø 100 mm and Ø 80 mm from table 3.5.
➢Length of Ø 100 mm pipe measured from ICV was 51 m.

64
Pipe Sizing
Branch pipe (Ranges pipe) sizes and distribution pipe size
choosing from table 3.4(a) and table 3.4(b).

Ground floor plan

65
Continued;

First to Sixth floor pipe sizes plan

66
Conclusion;
➢Fire protection systems are not new systems in buildings.

➢It is important that these systems are installed in buildings.

➢The building to be occupied must be equipped with the best security to

protect occupants against accidental events, such as fire.

➢In other words, a prevention system is a protection tool for building

occupants.

67
 THANK,
FOR YOUR ATTENTION

68
Please,

QUESTIONS AND
RECOMMENDATION

69