Innovation of “TRAPPER BIRDS” Fruit Fly

Traps with Basil Leaf Attractants

Samudra Zulqifli*1), Ervan Andi Wijaya1), Cintya Paramitha2), Faizal Muhammad
Zubair3), Femi Tasani4)

1
Physics Department, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences,
Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia
2
Biology Department, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences,
Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia
3
Chemistry Department, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences,
Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia
4
Mathematics Department, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences,
Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia

*Corresponding email: author-1 samudrazulqifli24@gmail.com

Abstract
Apples are horticultural commodity that widely developed in Indonesia. However, in Batu
City, apples have been attacked by fruit flies (Bactrocera sp.) and still cannot be resolved.
Therefore, TRAPPER BIRDS as innovative fruit fly trap device has potential to reduce
fruit fly attacks at Batu Agro Apel Plantation. The purpose of this paper is to design,
assemble TRAPPER BIRDS, and determine workings and efficiency of TRAPPER BIRDS
against reducing fruit fly attacks at Batu Agro Apel Plantation. The methods used are
observations, preparation of tools and materials, and assemble the device. Device testing
in plantation and retrieve data will be used for evaluation after fruit fly is trapped and
electrocuted until death. The design of TRAPPER BIRDS consists of roof as protector,
some small holes for fruit flies entrance, series of conductors, pyramid shaped zapper
conductor with attractants inside, timer circuit, and fruit fly container. Attractant will attract
fruit flies to enter the device then approach the zapper conductor, fruit fly will be stung
with certain time span determined by the timer. The efficiency determination is based on
preparation stage reaches 29%, data collecting reaches 47%, and data analysis reaches 24%
then TRAPPER BIRDS can be said to be effective.

Keywords: Apple, Bactrocera sp., TRAPPER BIRDS.

INTRODUCTION per year, in 2011 produced 777.336

Batu Agro Apel is an apple
plantation of the Department of
Agriculture from the Technical
Implementation Unit of Food Crop and
Horticulture Agribusiness Development
in Punten Village, Batu City and makes a
policy in empowering apple picking
tours. The Batu Agro Apel Farm in
Punten Village is an apple center that is
cultivated with several fruit cultivars
such as Rome Beauty, Anna, and
Manalagi (Hakim and Siswanto, 2009).
Apples harvest between 2010 and 2015 in
Batu City, East Java Province had a total
production in 2010 of 842.799 quintals
quintals per year, in 2012 produced
748.076 quintals per year, in 2013
produced 739.915 quintals per year, in
2014 produced 708.438 quintals per year,
and in 2015 produced 671.207 quintals
per year (Department of Agriculture,
Batu City, East Java Province, 2016).
The data shows that apples production in
2010 until 2015 has decreased.
One of the causes decreased in
apples yields at Batu Agro Apel
Plantation is due to pest attacks on apples
by fruit flies (Bactrocera sp.). Batu Agro
Apel farmers in Batu City complaint that
the fruit flies caused the productivity of
apple farmers were decreasing in Batu
City. The decrease in apples productivity
refers to quality decrease of apples that
become rotten due to the puncture of fruit
flies to infects apples by their larva.
The method of pest control
implemented by Batu Agro Apel farmers
is using pesticides, however, the use of
pesticides causes the apple size shrink.
The innovation of the TRAPPER BIRDS
device by utilizing attractants from plants
of the family Lamiaceae which contains
the chemical compound known as methyl
eugenol to attract fruit flies (Bactrocera
sp.). Others advantages of TRAPPER
BIRDS in trapping fruit flies are there by
holes made of wire as the entrance to the
traps, but for larger insects cannot get
into the traps. Also, there are zapper as
stingers for fruit flies.
The purpose of this application is
to design and assemble TRAPPER
BIRDS to reduce the attack of fruit flies
(Bactrocera sp.) on apples at the Batu
Agro Apel Farm. Furthermore, it
determines the workings and efficiency
of TRAPPER BIRDS against decreasing
fruit fly attacks.
EXPERIMENTAL METHODS
Time and Place
The application of this
technology will be located in Punten
Village, Bumiaji, Kota Batu which is
intended for Batu Agro Apel Farm and
the implementation duration of this
program is for 4 months, from April 2019
until July 2019.
Implementation Phase
The methods used are
observation with interviews the farmers,
preparation for tools and materials,
followed by assemble the device which
are divided into making device parts,
attractants, and fruit fly containers. The
next step is to test the device, by trapping
the fruit flies and the number of trapped
fruit flies will determine the efficiency of
TRAPPER BIRDS.
Device Assembly
The device assembly begins with
preparing the tools and materials needed.
The tools used are drill, ALTECO glue,
acrylic cutter, and solder. The materials
used are PCB circuit, zapper circuit,
Attiny85, LM7805, LED, tactile button,
power button, some passive components,
acrylic, methyl eugenol as the attractants,
and plastic attractant wrap.
The first step is to cut the yellow
acrylic into a square shaped with 18 cm
on each side. Then, making the roof and
the box with acrylics that has been cut. At
the top of the box there are five holes
which are attached to each other and
placed on each square corner. On each
side of the zapper conductor, 26 holes
with a diameter of 26 mm were made so
that the aroma of attractants could be
smelled by fruit flies. There are attractant
hanging inside the pyramid shaped
zapper conductor. The circuit is made by
soldering all existing components and
then integrating the timer, zapper, and
zapper conductor so that a single unit can
be formed. The dead fruit flies will be
stored in the drawer under the hanging
conductor inside the main box.
RESULT AND DISCUSSION
Device Design
The design of TRAPPER BIRDS
consists of roof as the protector, some
small holes on the top of the box for fruit
fly entrance, an electric stinger or zapper,
attractants inside a pyramid shaped
zapper conductor, timer circuit, and
drawer as dead fruit fly (Bactrocera sp.)
storage. TRAPPER BIRDS are placed in
an upright position using a stake. The
design of the device is in Figure 1.
Figure 1. TRAPPER BIRDS design
Entrance Hole System
At the top of the box there are
holes used for fruit fly entrance and in the
middle of the top side there is a hanged
attractant inside the zapper conductor.
The main device box is in Figure 2.
Figure 2. Entrance system
Attractant and Zapper Conductor
The attractants used are plants
from the family Lamiaceae which
contain methyl eugenol and there are
zapper conductors around the attractant
as shown in Figure 3. There is a series of
zapper which is used as a high voltage
generator to paralyze fruit flies with an
input voltage of 4 volts and amplified
thousands of times. The zapper
conductor made from four triangles, the
height of triangles is 8 cm and the length
of the base is 8 cm, and arranged into a
pyramid. Using tactile button, the timer
of the zapper can be set into 5 minutes,
10 minutes, and 15 minutes with LED
indicator for each time range.
Figure 3. Attractant and pyramid shaped
zapper conductor
Energy Source System
The zapper circuit requires an
energy source to operate, so there is a
battery behind the zappers as shown in
figure 4.
Figure 4. Battery
Fruit Flies Storage
Filled with water, the dead fruit
flies will drown in the drawer storage
shown in figure 5.
Figure 5. Fruit fly storage
Device Design Analyze
TRAPPER BIRDS is an
abbreviation for trap Bactrocera sp. with
zapper and methyl eugenol as the
attractants to attract fruit flies on apple
plantations. Box shaped device is a
modification to simplify the storage of
components and device works in trapping
fruit flies. Yellow acrylic is used because
fruit flies are attracted to yellow. For
insects, yellow indicates fruits are ripe so
that insects will come to the fruit. The
roof is used to protect the device from
rain. Small holes on the top of the box are
used for the entrance of fruit flies into the
trap. Attractants are used to attract fruit
flies into the device. Zapper is used to
sting fruit flies so they can be
exterminated.
TRAPPER BIRDS Effects
Fruit flies will enter TRAPPER
BIRDS through holes in the device due to
evaporation from the attractant of methyl
eugenol. Aroma is released by attractants
attracting insects that become apple pests
to get into the trap (Warthen, 2002). Fruit
flies stung by zapper conductor inside the
device will fall into container (Shelly,
2010). Based on previous experiments,
the attractant that covered in a plastic
capsule can resist 2 months so that the
attractant is not easily run out. After that,
the fruit fly will approach methyl eugenol
but the fruit fly is stung by the zapper and
then fall.
Methyl eugenol is a male fruit fly
attractants substance that will be
processed in the male fruit fly's body to
produce sex pheromones needed during
marriage season, making female flies
attracted so the production of pheromone
sex components in male fruit flies will
increased (Yolanda and Rivaie, 2014).
Methyl eugenol only attracts male fruit
flies, to avoid the fertilization of the
female fruit fly by the male fruit fly,
because the eggs in the female body will
not fertilize so the intensity of damage
caused by the larvae decreases and even
avoids the apples from fruit flies
(Sunarno and Popoko, 2013). The use of
attractants does not leave a residue in the
fruit so that it can be applied on large
areas (Yoeandestina, 2013)
Data Collecting Methods and Data
Analysis
Data collecting methods will be
tested by comparing the result and work
efficiency of the device usually used by
farmers and TRAPPER BIRDS. The
results of this test are quantitative data
that show the number of fruit flies that are
trapped and die while testing the device.
Data analysis was carried out by
analyzing TRAPPER BIRDS which
functioned well, according to the design
and assembly to kill fruit flies as much as
at least twice the amount from the device
which farmer usually use in Batu Agro
Apel Farm. Data analysis was also
carried out by testing the TRAPPER
BIRDS which was more effective than
the device used by farmers determined by
table 1.
Table 1. Precentage of Device
Determination
Determination Indicator
% Keragaman Jenis Lalat Buah
Preparation
Components purchase 10
Attractant 9 Jurnal Agroforestri. Vol 8 No 4.
Device testing 10
Data Collecting
Design of the device 20
Fruit fly data collecting 15
Apple quality data collecting 12
Data Analysis
Data processing 20
Conclusion 4 Consumption on the Fitness of
Total 100%
CONCLUSION
The performance settings of
TRAPPER BIRDS depend on the needs
of farmers, where the period of
elimination can be accelerated or slowed,
depending on how much the intensity of
fruit fly attacks in the field. The use of the
tool is done manually when the most
common fruit fly attack occurs
The determination of the
efficiency of TRAPPER BIRDS against
the reduction of fruit flies at the Batu
Agro Apel Plantation is based on the
preparation stage reaches 29%, the data
collection carried out reaches 47%, and
the data analysis reaches 24% then
TRAPPER BIRDS can be said to be
effective.
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
Author declares the submitted
manuscript have no any conflict of
interest.
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