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Principles of Redox Reactions: Basics Concepts with Resolved Questions and

Problems (Section 3)

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 Section 3

Principles of Redox Reactions

Basics Concepts with Resolved Questions and Problems

Introduction

As a teacher of physical chemistry, I noticed that students, even in advanced classes, have
difficulties in understanding the basics of redox chemistry. In this Section 3, I attempted to
discuss some fundamental principles related to redox processes, by focusing on the species that
might lose or gain electrons, determination of the oxidation numbers (or states) of atoms in
compounds, and ways of balancing redox reactions. To further clarify the discussed concepts,
numerous questions and problems with detailed answers are provided. Most of these questions
are formulated by students like you. I believe that this Section 3 would greatly help students with
levels varying from high school to advanced university classes.
Abstract
After reading Section 2, students should be able to identify the electronic structure of any
element of the periodic table and be able to visualize the electrons of the outer shell, which could
be involved in redox processes. This section 3 summarizes the basics of redox (or
electrochemical) processes by focusing on the species that might lose or gain electrons,
determination of the oxidation numbers (or states) of atoms in species involved in redox
processes, and easy ways of balancing redox reactions.
1. Electrochemical (or redox) reactions
Electrochemical (or redox) processes can be defined as chemical reactions involving the
exchange of electrons1-2, which could be reduction or oxidation. A reduction refers to a process
where a molecule, atom or ion gains one or more electrons and oxidation undergoes the opposite
process where one or more electrons are lost du
Q3. Determine the oxidants and reductants in the following reaction: AlCl3 + 3K  Al + 3KCl
Ans3: This overall reaction is composed of two redox reactions (oxidation and reduction).
Oxidation: 3K0  3K+ + 3e-
Reduction: Al3+ + 3e-  Al0
Thus, AlCl3 acts as the oxidant because it gained electrons and K is the reductant because it lost
electrons.
Q4. i) Identify the oxidation numbers of Fe in Fe0.80O and [Fe(H2O)5(NO)]SO4.
ii) Calculate the oxidation number of Cu in the reaction: CuSO4 + 2NaOH  Cu(OH)2 +
Na2SO4. Is this a redox reaction?
Ans4. The oxidation number of oxygen (O)
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About the Author
I received my MS degree in Electrochemistry from the University of Pierre et Marie CURIE in July 2002 and my PhD in Electrochemistry from the University of
Paris Sud XI in September 2005, France. From 2006 to 2007, I worked as a research fellow at the University of Kansas in collaboration with Pinnacle
Technology Inc. (USA). From 2007 to 2010, I was a research associate at KU Leuven, Belgium. From 2010 to 2012, I worked at the University of Ontario
Institute of Technology in collaboration with Alcohol Countermeasure Systems Corporation, Canada. I held a prestigious Rosalind Franklin fellowship at the
University of Groningen, Netherlands, and resigned in 2015. I published over 50 international reviewed papers, few patents, wrote hundreds of short news

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articles and blogs, and edited hundreds of science/technology papers published in various international peer reviewed journals. Meanwhile, I taught physical
chemistry courses at various institutions. More information is available at: https://www.malika-ammam.com/

Product details
Series: Section 3
Paperback: 26 pages
Publisher: CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform (March 5, 2018)
Language: English
ISBN-10: 1986179907
ISBN-13: 978-1986179904
Product Dimensions: 8.5 x 0.1 x 11 inches
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